Abstract

The disclosure provides a flushing process for removing polymer fouling from a reactor including a gas distributor proximal to the bottom thereof and an internal condenser proximal to the top thereof, the method including, for a first flushing time period, injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the internal condenser to induce an upward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a first polymer content. After the first flushing time period is complete, for a second flushing time period, the process includes injecting a flushing solvent into the reactor and withdrawing the flushing solvent from a reactor outlet proximal to the gas distributor to induce a downward movement of flushing solvent, the withdrawn flushing solvent containing a second polymer content.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
• B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
• B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• C07C 2/08 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

A device (110) for heating a fluid is proposed. The device comprises - at least one electrically conductive pipeline (112) and/or at least one electrically conductive pipeline segment (114) for accommodating the fluid, and - at least one single-phase alternating-current and/or at least one single-phase alternating-voltage source (126), wherein each pipeline (112) and/or each pipeline segment (114) is assigned a respective single-phase alternating-current and/or a respective single-phase alternating-voltage source (126) which is connected to the respective pipeline (112) and/or to the respective pipeline segment (114), wherein the respective single-phase alternating-current and/or single-phase alternating-voltage source (126) is designed to generate an electrical current in the respective pipeline (112) and/or in the respective pipeline segment (114), which electrical current warms the respective pipeline (112) and/or the respective pipeline segment (114) by Joule heat, which arises as the electrical current passes through conductive pipe material, in order to heat the fluid, wherein the single-phase alternating-current and/or the single-phase alternating-voltage source (126) is connected in electrically conductive fashion to the pipeline (112) and/or to the pipeline segment (114) such that the generated alternating current flows via a forward conductor (128) into the pipeline (112) and/or the pipeline segment (114) and flows back via a return conductor (130) to the alternating-current and/or alternating-voltage source (126).

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a device (22) for determining a content of a storage unit (14; 18) which is configured to store and supply a medium for an application-specific use, wherein the device (22) comprises a measuring unit (24; 26) for determining a remaining content stored in the storage unit (14; 18) and a controller (28) for processing the determined remaining content so as to calculate an application-specific parameter being indicative of a remaining service performance of the storage unit (14; 18) for the application-specific use.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 13/02 - Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
• B67D 1/04 - Apparatus utilising compressed air or other gas acting directly or indirectly on beverages in storage containers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of cutting a workpiece (40) by means of a plasma arc (2), wherein a device (1) for cutting a workpiece (40) is provided, a pre gas flow (30) is provided around the electrode (11), subsequently to the pre gas flow (30), a main gas flow (32) is provided around the electrode (11), wherein the main gas flow (32) comprises an oxidizing gas, a plasma arc (2) is generated between the electrode (11) and the workpiece (40), wherein said workpiece (40) is cut by means of said plasma arc (2), and wherein said pre gas flow (30) comprises an oxidizing gas at a concentration of 50 ppm to 10000 ppm. The invention further relates to a device (1) for cutting a workpiece (40).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 10/00 - Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
• H05H 1/36 - Circuit arrangements

Abstract

According to the present invention a method for generating a three-dimensional workpiece comprising the following steps: producing a workpiece via additive manufacturing process, wherein Helium is used as a protective/shielding gas during the additive manufacturing process, and wherein a building rate is greater than 5 mm3/s, wherein the building rate is the product of a scanning speed * layer thickness * hatching distance.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• B22F 3/15 - Hot isostatic pressing
• C22C 1/04 - Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
• B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a device (1 ) and corresponding method (100) for determining an information relating to a treatment of a patient, preferably relating to an adherence of a patient having a respiratory disorder. Accordingly, the device (1) comprises a fluid channel (2) configured to be in fluid communication with a medical gas source at a first end (20) and with a patient interface at a second end (22), a sensor arrangement (3) having at least a first sensor (30) for measuring a value of a first flow parameter in said channel (2) and a second sensor (32) for measuring a value of a second flow parameter in said channel (2), wherein the first sensor (30) and the second sensor (32) are spaced apart from each other along a longitudinal axis of the channel (2), and a control unit (4) in communication with the first sensor (30) and the second sensor (32). The control unit (4) is configured to determine a flow direction of a medical gas in the channel (2) based on a received measurement of the first sensor (30) and/or second sensor (32) and to determine the information based on the determined flow direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/087 - Measuring breath flow
• A61B 5/097 - Devices for facilitating collection of breath or for directing breath into or through measuring devices
• A61M 16/00 - Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a system and a corresponding method for predicting an exacerbation of a health condition of a patient. Accordingly, a system (1) is suggested comprising an activity sensor unit (2) for measuring activity levels (20) of a patient (100), a sensor (3) arranged to be in fluid communication with a medical gas flow between a medical gas source (10) and the patient (100) and configured to measure a respiratory parameter (30) of the patient (100), and an evaluation unit (4) in communication with the activity sensor (2) and the sensor (3), wherein the evaluation unit (4) is configured to indicate a probability of an exacerbation based on the measured activity level (20) and the measured respiratory parameter (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• G16H 50/30 - ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for individual health risk assessment

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (B) comprising an electrolyser (E), a compressor (V), and a membrane separating device (T), and to a method for changing the operating mode between normal and standby operation of said device (B), in the normal operation of which an electrolysis raw product (3) comprising carbon dioxide is converted in the electrolyser (E) into an electrolysis product (4) containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, at least one portion (5) of which is conducted via the compressor (V) and is fed at an increased pressure to the membrane separating device (T) in order to obtain a retentate (8) which is enriched in carbon monoxide and depleted of carbon dioxide compared with the electrolysis product (4). According to the invention, in order to change from the normal operation into the standby operation, the electrolyser (E) is completely isolated from the membrane separating device (T) in terms of flow and then shut down, wherein the pressure ratios in the membrane separating device (T) are largely maintained.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for purifying helium, comprising the following steps: - conducting liquid or supercritical helium to be purified through a transfer line (10), which extends at least in part through a heat exchanger apparatus (100), while cooling the helium to be purified to a temperature of <4K, such that contaminants present in the helium separate by freezing, the helium which is cooled to a temperature of <4K being conducted through a portion (112) of the transfer line (110) having a freezing purifier (114) such that the contaminants separated by freezing adhere to or are filtered by the freezing purifier (114); - conducting the helium thus freed of contaminants through the transfer line (110) out of the heat exchanger apparatus (100) into a destination container (140).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/08 - Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

A burner module according to the invention comprises at least three or four or five or six or seven or eight functional walls which delimit at least one first functional space and form a module body, wherein the module body has at least three or four or five or six or six or seven gas passage openings and at least two of these gas passage openings are connected to one another communicatively via the first functional space, and wherein at least one nozzle device having a fuel gas opening is formed in an upper wall of the burner module, which fuel gas opening is connected communicatively to the first functional space via a gas channel. The burner module is produced in an additive manner.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• B22F 3/11 - Making porous workpieces or articles
• B22F 5/10 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
• B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
• C10B 21/12 - Burners
• F23D 14/02 - Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
• F23D 14/52 - Nozzles for blow-pipes
• F23D 14/58 - Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
• F23D 14/78 - Cooling burner parts
• F23D 23/00 - Assemblies of two or more burners

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the theoretical analysis of a process apparatus through which fluid flows, wherein a theoretical, in particular numerical simulation of the apparatus or of at least one part of the apparatus is carried out (201), wherein at least one element of the apparatus which does not comprise concrete as a material is replaced in the theoretical simulation by at least one concrete element which is manufactured from concrete (202), and wherein a load analysis of the apparatus is carried out (204) with the aid of the theoretical simulation.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28F 27/00 - Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• G06F 30/23 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a coiled heat exchanger (1) having a core tube (21) and a tube bundle (2) which has a plurality of tubes (20) and a plurality of connecting pieces (6), wherein: the tubes (20) are coiled helically around the core tube (21) in a plurality of tube layers (22); the connecting pieces (6) are each situated between two tube layers (22) such that a spacing is produced between the tube layers (22) by means of the respective connecting piece (6); the course of the tubes (20) from a respective first tube plate (104a) around the core tube (21) to a respective second tube plate (104b) is calculated automatically; the connecting pieces (6) have an identifying feature (400) which is selected using the calculated course and indicates the position of the connecting piece (6) and/or the position of a tube (20); and the connecting piece (6) and/or the tube (20) is assembled according to the identifying feature (400). The invention further relates to a connecting piece (6) for a coiled heat exchanger (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a wound heat exchanger (1) which has a core tube (21) and a tube bundle (2), said tube bundle (2) having a plurality of tubes (20) wound about the core tube (21) in a helical manner for conducting a first fluid. The course of the tubes (20) of the tube bundle (2) from a first tube base (104a) of the heat exchanger (1) to a second tube base (104b) of the heat exchanger (1) about the core tube (21) is automatically calculated, and at least one position at which a respective tube (20) runs according to the calculated course is marked by means of at least one light beam (301), wherein the respective tube (20) is installed according to the marking.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/04 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being spirally coiled
• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a wound heat exchanger (1) which has a core tube (21) and a tube bundle (2), said tube bundle having a plurality of tubes (20) for conducting a first fluid. The tube bundle (2) has a winding region (11), at least one first plait (4), and at least one second plait (5), wherein the tubes (20) in the first plait (4) are led from the winding region (11) to at least one first tube base (104a), and the tubes (20) in the second plait (5) are led from the winding region (11) to at least one second tube base (104b). The tubes (20) open into the first tube base (104a) and the second tube base (104b), and the course of the tubes (20) of the tube bundle (2) from the first tube base (104a) to the second tube base (104b) is automatically calculated. The calculated course of the tubes (20) is indicated by means of an optical display device (200), and the tubes (20) are installed according to the displayed course.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for a low-temperature air separation in which an air separation unit (100, 200) is used comprising a heat exchanger (6), a decompression machine (8), a compressor (9) coupled to the decompression machine (8), a first rectification column (11), a second rectification column (12), and a condenser evaporator (5) which is arranged in the lower region of the second rectification column (12). The first rectification column (11) is operated at a first pressure level, and the second rectification column (12) is operated at a second pressure level below the first pressure level. Fluid which is oxygen-enriched compared to atmospheric air is drawn from the first rectification column (11) in the form of one or more first material flows. The fluid is partly or completely heated in a heat exchanger (6), and the heat exchanger (6) is used to cool the head gas of the first rectification column (11). A first fraction of the fluid is then conducted through a decompression machine (8) and is discharged from the air separation unit (100, 200), and a second fraction is conducted through a compressor (9) coupled to the decompression machine (8) and is returned to the first rectification column (11). Furthermore, additional fluid which contains nitrogen and oxygen is drawn from the first rectification column (11) in the form of a second material flow and is fed to the second rectification column (12); oxygen-enriched fluid is formed in the sump of the second rectification column (12) and is drawn from the second rectification column (12) at least partly in the form of a third material flow; and an additional fluid is formed at the head of the second rectification column (12) and is drawn from the second rectification column (12) at least partly in the form of a fourth material flow. The second material flow is supercooled in counter flow with the fourth material flow in a supercooler (10) prior to being fed to the second rectification column (12) and after being cooled in the condenser evaporator (5). The invention likewise relates to an air separation unit (100, 200).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining one or more air products by means of an air separation unit (100) comprising a first booster (1), a second booster (2), a first decompression machine (1a), and a rectification column system (10) which has a high-pressure column (11) operated at a first pressure level and a low-pressure column (12) operated at a second pressure level below the first pressure level. All of the air supplied to the rectification column system (10) is first compressed to a third pressure level, which lies at least 3 bar above the first pressure level, as a feed air quantity. A first fraction of the feed air quantity is supplied to a first booster (1) at the third pressure level and at a temperature level of -140 to -70 °C and is compressed to a fourth pressure level using the first booster (1); a second fraction of the feed air quantity or a sub-quantity of the first feed air quantity which has been compressed to the fourth pressure level using the first booster (1) is supplied to a first decompression turbine (1a), which is used to drive the first booster (1), and is decompressed to the first pressure level using the first decompression machine (1a); and a sub-quantity of the first feed air quantity which has been compressed to the fourth pressure level using the first booster (1) is supplied to a second booster (2) and is compressed to a fifth pressure level using the second booster (2). The first fraction of the feed air quantity is at a temperature level of -100 to -60 °C at the outlet of the first booster (1), and the sub-quantity of the first feed air quantity which is compressed to the fifth pressure level using the second booster (2) is heated to a temperature level of -20 to 40 °C prior to being compressed in the second booster (2). The invention likewise relates to a corresponding air separation unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for a low-temperature air separation in which an air separation unit (100, 200) with a distillation column system (10) is used that has a high-pressure column (11) operated at a first pressure range and a low-pressure column (12) operated at a second pressure range below the first pressure range. A first sump liquid which has a higher content of oxygen and a lower content of nitrogen than atmospheric air and a first head gas which has a lower content of oxygen and a high content of nitrogen than atmospheric air are formed in the high-pressure column (11) using a low-temperature rectification process; a second sump liquid which has a higher content of oxygen and a lower content of nitrogen than the first sump liquid and a second head gas which has a higher content of nitrogen and a lower content of oxygen than the first sump liquid are formed in the low-pressure column (12) using a low-temperature rectification process; and the second head gas or a component thereof is drawn from the low-pressure column (12) in the form of unpurified nitrogen. A fraction of the unpurified nitrogen, in the form of a return quantity, is heated, compressed to a pressure level in the first pressure range, cooled, and fed to the high-pressure column (11) one after the other. The invention likewise relates to an air separation unit (100, 200).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for a low-temperature air separation in which an air separation unit (100, 3100) is used comprising a first rectification column (11) and a second rectification column (12). The first rectification column (11) is operated at a first pressure level, and the second rectification column (12) is operated at a second pressure level below the first pressure level. Fluid which is oxygen-enriched compared to atmospheric air is drawn from the first rectification column (11) in the form of one or more first material flows. At least one fraction of the fluid which has been drawn from the first rectification column (11) in the form of the one or more first material flows is heated in a heat exchanger (2); a fraction of the fluid which has been heated in the heat exchanger (2) is compressed using a compressor (5) and is returned to the first rectification column (11); a first fraction of the head gas of the first rectification column (11) is condensed in the heat exchanger (2), and a second fraction is discharged from the air separation unit (100, 3100) in the form of at least one nitrogen-enriched air product; Additional fluid which contains oxygen, nitrogen, and argon is drawn from the first rectification column (11) and is used as a second material flow or to form a second material flow, which is transferred to the second rectification column (12); an oxygen-enriched sump liquid is formed in the sump of the second rectification column (12); and at least one fraction in the form of a third material flow is discharged from the air separation unit (100, 200). According to the invention, a third rectification column (13) is used, said second rectification column (12) and third rectification column (13) being designed as parts of a double column such that the third rectification column (13) is arranged below the second rectification column (12) and such that the third rectification column (14) is supplied with air. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding unit (100-3100).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for impregnating a polymer granulate (110) with a predefined mass of a gaseous propellant. According to the invention, the polymer granulate (110) is arranged inside a pressure vessel (100) and a gaseous propellant is introduced into the inside of the pressure vessel (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 44/34 - Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
• C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
• C08J 9/18 - Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100, 200, 300) for obtaining ethylene, in which method a first feed gas (A) and a second feed gas (B) are fed to a reactor (1) and are processed therein to obtain a product mixture (C) by steam cracking. The first feed gas (A) contains more than 90 wt.% of saturated hydrocarbons and more than 80 wt.% of ethane, wherein the product mixture (C), or a part thereof, is subjected to a treatment (2, 3, 4), thus obtaining a subsequent mixture (F), which contains hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, and hydrocarbons having three, four, and at least five carbon atoms, and the subsequent mixture (F), or a part thereof, is subjected to a separation (10). According to the invention, the separation (10) comprises an ethylene separation step (7), to which at least the ethane, the ethylene, and the hydrocarbons having three carbon atoms from the subsequent mixture (F), or a part thereof, are fed in a manner not separated from one another in a common separating insert (S, V, X), wherein a light fraction (K) containing more than 9 mole percent of ethylene, and a heavy fraction (T, W, Y) containing at least a portion of the ethane from the separating insert (S, V, X) and at least 15 wt.% of the hydrocarbons having three and four carbon atoms from the separating insert (S, V, X) are formed in the ethylene separating step (7). The heavy separating product (T, W, Y) from the ethylene separating step (7), or a part thereof, is used as part of or for forming the second feed gas (B). The present invention further relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/327 - Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
• C07C 4/04 - Thermal processes
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives
• C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by distillation
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining one or more air products, wherein an air separation system (100) having a rectification column system (10) is used, in which pressurised air is processed in an adjustable total air volume, wherein the total air volume is set to a first value during a first operating period (T1) and set to a second value that is different from the first value during a second operating period (T2), and wherein the setting of the total air volume is changed from the first value to the second value in a third operating period (T3) from a first time (X1) to a second time (X2). The second operating period (T2) is after the first operating period (T1), the third operating period (T3) is between the first operating period (T1) and the second operating period (T2). According to the invention, in the third operating period (T3), a setting of a volume of a fluid, which is formed via rectification using the pressurised air and transported in or out of the rectification column system (10), is changed from a third time (X3) up to a fourth time (X4), wherein the third time (X3) is before or after the first time (X1) and before the second time (X2), and the fourth time (X4) is after the first time (X1) and the third time (X3) and before or after the second time (X2). A time period between the first time (X1) and the second time (X2) is set to be substantially the same as a time period between the third time (X3) and the fourth time (X4). The invention also relates to a corresponding air separation system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a wound heat exchanger (1) having a core tube (21) extending along a longitudinal axis (L) in an axial direction (a) and having a tube bundle (2), which has a plurality of tubes (20) for conducting a first fluid, wherein the tubes (20) are wound about the core tube (21) in a plurality of windings (23), the tubes (20) being arranged in a radial direction (r) perpendicular to the axial direction (a) in a plurality of tube layers (22), adjacent windings (23) of at least one tube layer (22) having different axial distances (T) in the axial direction (a) and/or tube layers (22) adjacent in the radial direction (r) having different radial distances (D) from each other in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L). The invention further relates to a method for producing a wound heat exchanger (1) and to a method for transferring heat between a first fluid and a second fluid by means of the heat exchanger (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a plate heat exchanger (1) for a process plant (26), having the following steps: a) providing (S1) a heat exchanger block (2); b) providing (S2) a connection device (9-18) comprising a fluid-facing side (28), which faces a fluid (A-E) to be fed to or discharged from the plate heat exchanger (1), and a fluid-remote side (29), which faces away from the fluid (A-E); c) welding (S3) the connection device (9-18) to the heat exchanger block (2) on the fluid-facing side (28) with the aid of a first welding consumable (37); and d) welding (S4) the connection device (9-18) to the heat exchanger block (2) on the fluid-remote side (29) with the aid of a second welding consumable (39), the second welding consumable (39) having a higher magnesium content than the first welding consumable (37). Before or during step b), a welding backing means (30) is formed on the connection device (9-18), with which backing means the connection device (9-18) is placed onto the heat exchanger block (2) before or during step c), wherein the welding backing means (30) is formed integrally with the connection device (9-18). During or after step a), a buffer layer (41) is welded onto the heat exchanger block (2), onto which buffer layer the connection device (9-18) is placed before or during step c).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 9/035 - Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts with backing means disposed under the seam

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing gas product in a first modification (7) or a second modification (14) having a lower hydrogen content than the first modification, wherein a synthesis gas (1) containing steam, carbon monoxide and hydrogen and provided with a steam/carbon monoxide ratio (S/CO ratio) between 1.8 and 2.5 mol/mol is treated using a shift converter (S) to obtain an intermediate product (3, 12) from which water and acid gases are separated in each case to obtain the hydrogen-containing gas product (7, 14). The characteristic feature here is that the synthesis gas (2) is supplied to the shift converter (S) in the form in which it is provided to obtain the gas product in the first modification (7), while the ratio of steam to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas (11) is adjusted to a value between 0.1 and 0.6 mol/mol by the removal of water upstream of the shift converter (S) to obtain the gas product in the second modification (14).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide

Abstract

According to the present invention a method is provided for feeding gas to an additive manufacturing space before and/or during a manufacturing process wherein a gas is fed to the manufacturing space and wherein the mixture gas is Helium or wherein the gas is a gas mixture comprising Helium and 10 Vol-% to 80 Vol-% Argon or 30 Vol-% to 50 Vol-% Argon.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
• B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a tank (1) for storing a cryogenic fluid (2), in particular for storing liquefied natural gas, comprising an outer tank (5), an inner tank (9) arranged inside the outer tank (5), base insulation (15) arranged between an outer tank base (7) of the outer tank (5) and an inner tank base (11) of the inner tank (9), a liquid-tight first film (24) arranged between the outer tank base (7) and the inner tank base (11), and a gas-tight second film (25) arranged between the first film (24) and the outer tank base (7). The outer tank base (7) and an outer tank wall (6) are produced from concrete and the inner tank (9) is produced from a metal material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 3/02 - Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
• F17C 13/00 - VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for calculating the strength and the service life of a process apparatus through which fluid flows, wherein: temperatures existing at a plurality of different points of the apparatus are measured at a first time point in order to obtain temperature measurement values (201); the temperature measurement values are used as constraints in a finite element method (203) in order to determine mechanical stresses existing at a plurality of different points in the material of the apparatus as stress values (204); the remaining service life of the material of the apparatus is determined from the obtained stress values (205); the remaining service life of the material of the apparatus is determined also in dependence on data regarding the apparatus that were determined at a second time point (207), which second time point is earlier than the first time point.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• F28F 3/02 - Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
• G06F 17/50 - Computer-aided design

Abstract

A tank (1) for storing a cryogenic fluid (2), in particular for storing liquid natural gas, having an outer tank (5), an inner tank (9), which is arranged within the outer tank (5), a bottom insulation (15), which is arranged between an outer tank bottom (7) of the outer tank (5) and an inner tank bottom (11) of the inner tank (9), and a liquid-tight sheet (23), which is arranged between the outer tank bottom (7) and the inner tank bottom (11), wherein the sheet (23) is connected to an outer tank wall (6) of the outer tank (5) in an integrally bonded manner.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 3/02 - Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
• F17C 13/00 - VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining an air product by means of an air separation plant (100), which comprises a rectification column system (10), which has a high-pressure column (11) operated at a first pressure level and a low-pressure column (12) operated at a second pressure level below the first pressure level. According to the invention, a first compressed air stream at a first pressure level and a second compressed air stream at a third pressure level above the first pressure level are provided and are subjected to cooling, the first compressed air stream is fed into the rectification column system (11) and the second compressed air stream, expanded by means of an expansion turbine (5) to the first pressure level, but not to a pressure level lower than the first pressure level, is fed into the rectification column system (11), and a liquid material stream is led out of the rectification column system (10) and, in the liquid state, the pressure of said material stream is increased, and said material stream is converted into the gaseous or supercritical state and is led out of the air separation plant (100) as the at least one air product. The invention is characterized in that the second compressed air stream is fed to the expansion turbine (5), which is used in the expansion of the second compressed air stream to the first pressure level, at a temperature level lying at least 10 K below the critical temperature, that said expansion turbine (5) is operated in such a way that a two-phase mixture is formed at the outlet thereof, which two-phase mixture has, at the outlet, a gas proportion of 5 to 25%, in relation to the whole two-phase mixture, and that no further expansion turbines are used to expand compressed air in the method. The invention further relates to a corresponding air separation plant (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention describes a method for operating a temperature swing adsorption plant (10) having three adsorption units (1, 2, 3) which are operated out of phase with respect to one another, respectively in an adsorption phase, then in a feed phase, then in a regeneration phase, then in a flush phase, and then in a cooling phase, wherein in the adsorption phase a first gas mixture at a first temperature is guided over an adsorbent in the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) with obtention of a second gas mixture and adsorption onto the adsorbent of components of the first gas mixture, in the regeneration phase the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) are heated to a second temperature above the first temperature and the components adsorbed by the adsorbent during the adsorption mode are at least partially desorbed, and in the flush phase the components which were desorbed during the regeneration mode and which are present in the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) after the regeneration phase are at least partially flushed using a third gas mixture with obtention of a fourth gas mixture. In the cooling phase, the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) are at least partially cooled to the first temperature. It is provided that, in repeated first operating time periods which alternate with second operating time periods, respectively one of the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) is operated in the adsorption phase at the same time as one of the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) is operated in the flush phase and one of the adsorption units (1, 2, 3) is operated in the feed phase, and during the first operating time periods part of the second gas mixture of the adsorption unit (3) being operated in the flush phase is supplied as the third gas mixture or as part of the third gas mixture and at least part of the fourth gas mixture is supplied to the adsorption unit (1, 2, 3) being operated in the feed phase. The invention also relates to a corresponding temperature swing adsorption plant (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The invention relates to an air separation system (100) comprising four separation units (1-4) which are connected to one another at least partially by means of lines (5) and/or are connected to one or more further devices (6-8) at least partially by means of lines (5). According to the invention, at least the majority of line sections of the lines (5) running parallel to longitudinal axes (A) of the separation units (1-4) are arranged in a compartment (C) in the form of a separately transportable structural unit, and, when viewed as a layout planfrom above perpendicular toalong the longitudinal axes of the separation units (1-4), the compartment (C) and the separation units (1-4) are arranged in four quadrants (Q1-Q4). The separation units (1-4) are either arranged in a cold box (20) without the compartment (C), which cold box has a recess in the fourth quadrant (Q4) in the layout plan viewwhen viewed from above, in which the compartment (C) is arranged in the layout plan viewwhen viewed from above, or the separation units (1-4) are arranged in a cold box with the compartment (C), which cold box has the rectangular cross-section in the layout plan viewwhen viewed from above, wherein the compartment (C) is arranged in a corner of the cold box in the layout plan viewwhen viewed from above. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for the low-temperature separation of air and a method for creating a corresponding air separation system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for low temperature separation of air using an air separating installation having a distillation column system (100) which has a first, a second, a third and a fourth separating unit (110-140). Compressed and cooled air is fed into the first separating unit (110), the first separating unit (110) is operated at a first pressure level of 4 to 9 bar of absolute pressure and the second, the third and the fourth separating units (120-140) are operated at a second pressure level of 1 to 3 bar of absolute pressure. An oxygen-enriched, nitrogen-depleted, argon-containing first sump liquid and a nitrogen-enriched, oxygen-depleted first head gas are formed by means of the first separating unit (110). The first sump liquid is at least partially transferred into the fourth separating unit (130). The first head gas is at least partially liquefied and returned to the first separating unit (110). An oxygen-rich second sump liquid and an argon-enriched second head gas are formed by means of the second separating unit (120). The second head gas is introduced in a first fraction into the third separating unit (130) and in a second fraction into the fourth separating unit (140). At least the predominant part of the argon, which is contained in the quantity of air supplied overall to the distillation column system (100), is separated by means of the third separating unit (130). A liquid return to the second separating unit (120) is provided by means of the third separating unit (130). A fourth sump liquid and a fourth head gas are formed by means of the fourth separating unit (140), and the fourth sump liquid is at least partially returned to the second separating unit (120). The second separating unit (120) has 10 to 50 theoretical plates, the third separating unit (130) has 10 to 60 theoretical plates, the third separating unit (130) is arranged above the second separating unit (120) and the fourth separating unit (140) is arranged adjacent to the first separating unit (110). The third separating unit (130) opens in a lower region with respect to an upper region of the second separating unit (120), or the third separating unit (130) is connected to the second separating unit (120) via pipelines which run between an upper region of the second separating unit (120) and a lower region of the third separating unit (130). The present invention also relates to a corresponding installation (200).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to an air separation system (100-700) comprising four separation units (1-4) in the form of a high-pressure column (1), a base section (2) of a two-part low-pressure column, the top section (3) of the two-part low-pressure column and a single-part argon production column (4), which has a top condenser (5a), wherein the four separation units (1-4) are connected to one another at least partially by means of lines (6) and/or are connected to one or more further devices (7, 8) at least partially by means of lines (6), wherein the lines (6) comprise one or more first lines and multiple second lines, wherein the one or more first lines is/are one or more lines that feed into a top region of the base section (2) of the low-pressure column, and/or a line that feeds into a gas compartment of a top condenser (5a) of the argon production column (4). According to the invention, the top section (3) of the low-pressure column has a smaller cross-section than the base section (2) of the low-pressure column, and vertically running sections of the second lines are accommodated at least partially in a cold box (20a, 40, 40a), which is designed as a column cold box (20a) in which the top section (3) of the low-pressure column is arranged, or designed as a separate line cold box (40, 40a) in which none of the four separation units (1-4) are arranged. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for the low-temperature separation of air and a method for creating a corresponding air separation system (100-700).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recovering a helium product or intermediate product, wherein a first natural gas stream (1) containing helium is supplied to a first natural gas processing unit (10) and at least one second natural gas stream (2) containing helium is supplied to at least one second natural gas processing unit (20), at least the first natural gas processing unit (10) comprising helium recovery means (11) via which the helium product is formed from at least a part of the first natural gas stream (1). According to the present invention, at least temporarily a helium transfer from the at least one second natural gas stream (2) to the first natural gas stream (1) by means of a helium transfer arrangement comprising a membrane unit (30) is performed before the first natural gas stream (1) is provided to the first natural gas processing unit (10) and before the at least one second natural gas stream (2) is provided to the at least one second natural gas processing unit (20), whereby the first natural gas stream (1) is enriched in helium and whereby the at least one second natural gas stream (2) is depleted in helium. A corresponding arrangement (100) for recovering a helium product or intermediate product is also part of the present invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• C01B 23/00 - Noble gases; Compounds thereof
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a wound heat exchanger (1), comprising a core tube (21) extended along a longitudinal axis (L), and a tube bundle (2), which comprises a plurality of tubes (20) for guiding a first fluid, wherein the tubes (20) are wound in a plurality of turns (23) around the core tube (21), and wherein the tubes (20) are arranged in a plurality of tube layers (22), and wherein the heat exchanger (1) has at least one rib (6) for forming a distance between two pipe layers (22), wherein the rib (6) has a receptacle (30) for arranging an optical waveguide (40) in a direction of longitudinal extension (I) of the rib (6), wherein the optical waveguide (40) is designed to measure a temperature and/or expansion at least at one position of the heat exchanger (1). The invention also relates to a method for producing the wound heat exchanger (1), and to a method for temperature measurement, and to a method for expansion measurement in the wound heat exchanger (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• F28F 27/00 - Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
• G01K 11/32 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The invention provides a system for measuring the fill level of gas inside a cylinder. The system comprises an impactor configured to apply an acoustic impact to a cylinder; a sensor configured to detect a response from the cylinder to the acoustic impact and generate a signal indicative thereof; and a computer readable storage medium including data representative of a first response from the cylinder to an acoustic impact when the cylinder is at a first fill level. A processor is provided in communication with the sensor and computer readable storage medium, wherein the processor is configured to: receive the signal from the sensor; compare the signal to the data representative of the first response; and determine a fill level of the cylinder based upon this comparison.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01F 22/00 - Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for
• G01F 23/296 - Acoustic waves
• G01F 25/00 - Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
• G01N 29/04 - Analysing solids
• G01N 29/12 - Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat recovery system (100) for a furnace (102) having one or more burners (101), wherein: a fluid unit (110) is provided for each burner (101) in order to feed a fluid, in particular a burner-specific amount of the fluid, to the burner (101) in question; a burner-specific flue gas channel (120) is provided for each burner (101), which flue gas channel is designed to discharge flue gas, in particular a burner-specific amount of the flue gas, from the furnace (102); at least part of the fluid unit (110) of each burner (101) runs in the burner-specific flue gas channel (120) of the burner (101) in question such that thermal energy of the discharged flue gas in the burner-specific flue gas channel (120) can be transferred to a fluid in the fluid unit (110).

IPC Classes  ?

• F23K 5/00 - Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
• F23L 15/04 - Arrangements of recuperators
• F23C 9/00 - Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1), comprising: a tube bundle (3) having at least one tube (30) for receiving a fluid medium (M), wherein the at least one tube (30) is wound about a core tube (300) which extends along a longitudinal axis (z), and a first tube section (31) of the at least one tube (30) rests against at least one web (10) which extends along the tube core (300); and at least one first bracket element (41) for securing the first tube section (31) to the at least one web (10), the at least one first bracket element (41) having a lower face (41a) which faces the first tube section (31) and rests against the first tube section (31). According to the invention, the at least one first bracket element (41) has at least one first securing region (411) which forms an elevation (400) on an upper face (41b) of the at least one first bracket element (41), said upper face facing away from the lower face (41a), and which forms a depression (401) on the lower face (41a) of the at least one first bracket element (41). The invention additionally relates to a securing system and to a method.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• B21D 53/02 - Making other particular articles heat exchangers, e.g. radiators, condensers
• B21D 9/00 - Bending tubes using mandrels or the like

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a cryogenic refrigeration system and a corresponding method for increasing the cooling efficiency of the system, preferably the cooling of a thermally coupled load. Accordingly, the system (1) comprises a supply means (2) for providing a supply flow of a cryogenic refrigerant, a compressor (3) fluidly coupled to said supply means (2) and configured to compress the supplied cryogenic refrigerant, and a cold box (10) fluidly coupled to the compressor (3), said cold box (10) comprising a first expansion device (4) and a first heat exchanger (5), wherein the first expansion device (4) is configured to receive the compressed cryogenic refrigerant (20) from the compressor (3) and expand it and provide the expanded refrigerant to the first heat exchanger (5), and wherein the first heat exchanger (5) is configured to be thermally coupled to a load (7). The system furthermore comprises a second heat exchanger (6) arranged in the cold box (10) comprising at least a first and second heat exchanging section (6A, 6B). The first heat exchanging section (6A) is configured to receive the expanded refrigerant (22) from the expansion device (4) and to subsequently provide the received expanded refrigerant (22) to the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanging section (6B) is configured to receive the expanded refrigerant (24) from the first heat exchanger (5) and to subsequently provide the received expanded refrigerant (24) to the first heat exchanger (5), wherein the first and second heat exchanger section (6A, 6B) are thermally coupled, and wherein the first heat exchanger (5) is configured to provide the received expanded refrigerant (24) to the supply means (2) and/or the compressor (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
• F25B 9/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
• F25B 9/02 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using vortex effect
• F25B 9/06 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
• F25B 19/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
• F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
• F25B 40/00 - Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters

Abstract

The present invention relates to a gauge reading device (100), comprising a housing (110), attaching means (111) being configured for attaching the housing (110) to the gauge (1), imaging means (120) being configured for imaging the gauge (1) and generating an image thereof, processing means (130) being configured for processing the image of the gauge (1) for determining a gauge measurement value, storing means (140) being configured for storing the determined gauge measurement value, and one-way-transmitting means (140) being configured for providing the stored gauge measurement value to be read out wirelessly by a reading means (200).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a system for supplying a consumer (1), particularly a primary vaporizer, with cryogenic fluid, wherein the cryogenic fluid is directed from at least one storage container (10, 20), particularly a buffer container, to the consumer (1) via a first connection line (111, 211), which can be controlled by a first valve (101, 201), wherein the head space of the storage container (10, 20) is connected to the atmosphere via a second connection line (112, 212), which can be controlled by a second valve (102, 202), wherein the second valve (102, 202) is opened at least temporarily and wherein gaseous cryogenic fluid is directed from the head space of the storage container (10, 20) via the second connection line (112, 212), which can be controlled by the second valve (102, 202) and which is guided at least in part through the interior of the storage container (10, 20), and cooled by expansion upon opening the second valve (102, 202), the interior of the storage container (10, 20) being cooled by the cooled, expanded cryogenic fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 7/02 - Discharging liquefied gases

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a device for performing a process (P) having at least one heat-consuming process step (F). A first fluid (2), which arises in the process and contains acid gases and water vapor, is cooled indirectly against a second fluid (7), an acidic condensate thus being formed. The invention is characterized in that the first fluid (2) is cooled in at least two successive steps (E1, E2), between which heat for use in the heat-consuming process step (V) is indirectly drawn from the second fluid (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a heat exchanger (100), which has a heat exchange zone (10), which extends between a first end (11) and a second end (12) and which has a plate stack comprising heat exchange plates (4), wherein a width of the heat exchange plates (4) and a height of the plate stack each equals one third to one fifth the length of the heat exchange plates (4) between the first end (11) and the second end (11). After decommissioning and reaching a temperature-compensated state, fluids, which are each directed through the heat exchange zone (10) at a first quantity per unit of time during normal operation, are first each directed through the first heat exchange zone (10) during restarting, up to a time of increase, at a second quantity per unit of time, which is lower than the first quantity per unit of time, and each directed through the first heat exchange zone (10) at the first quantity per unit of time only starting from the time of increase. The invention further relates to a corresponding arrangement, which is in particular designed as an air processing system.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
• F25J 5/00 - Arrangements of cold-exchangers or cold-accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants

Abstract

The invention relates to a tube sheet arrangement (10) for a heat exchanger (60), said arrangement comprising a tube sheet body (12) and a temperature compensation element (16) having at least one phase change element (24), wherein the temperature compensation element (16) is arranged on the tube sheet body (12) and/or integrated into the tube sheet body (12) such that at least part of the phase change element (24) is in thermal contact with the tube sheet body (12). The invention also relates to a heat exchanger (60) comprising such a tube sheet arrangement (10) and to a method for producing such a tube sheet arrangement (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28F 9/04 - Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
• F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
• F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation

Abstract

The invention concerns a temperature compensating element (40) for a pipe (30), wherein the temperature compensating element (40) has at least one phase-change element (20) and can be inserted into the pipe (30) in such a way that the temperature compensating element (40) lies flat against an inside surface (32a) of a pipe casing (32) of the pipe (30) and that the phase-change element (40) is in thermal contact with the pipe (30), and wherein the temperature compensating element (40) forms a through-channel (22) along a running direction (100) of the pipe (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (10) comprising at least one temperature equalization element (22). The at least one temperature equalization element (22) has a casing (28), which forms a cavity (20), and a phase change element (18), the phase change element (18) being situated in the cavity (20) and being in thermal contact with the casing (28). The invention also relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
• F25J 5/00 - Arrangements of cold-exchangers or cold-accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for use in the production of a tube bundle (3) of a coiled heat exchanger (100), in which tubes (30) in multiple tube layers (4) are coiled around a core tube (300) that extends in an axial direction (z), wherein between the tube layers (4) there are arranged webs (10) running along the axial direction (z). The invention provides that the device (1) has at least one first support structure (20) for holding webs (10) relative to the radial direction (R) of the core tube (300), wherein the at least one first support structure (20) is designed to be secured to a first end section (300b) of the core tube (300), and wherein the at least one support structure (20) surrounds the core tube (300) in a circumferential direction (U) when the at least one first support structure (20) is secured to the core tube (300).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• B21D 11/06 - Bending into helical or spiral form; Forming a succession of return bends, e.g. serpentine form
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
• B21D 53/02 - Making other particular articles heat exchangers, e.g. radiators, condensers

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for use in the production of a tube bundle (3) of a wound heat exchanger (100), wherein tubes (30) are wound in a plurality of tube layers (4) onto a core tube (300) running in an axial direction (z), webs (10) which run in the axial direction (z) being arranged between the tube layers (4). The invention further relates to a method for producing a tube bundle using said device (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• B21D 11/06 - Bending into helical or spiral form; Forming a succession of return bends, e.g. serpentine form
• B21D 11/22 - Auxiliary equipment, e.g. positioning devices
• B21D 53/06 - Making other particular articles heat exchangers, e.g. radiators, condensers of metal tubes
• F28F 9/00 - Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
• F28F 9/013 - Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

A method for inhibiting the formation of carbonyl compounds in a gas cylinder containing carbon monoxide wherein the gas cylinder is in fluid communication with a valve assembly wherein the valve assembly connects to a threaded opening in the gas cylinder by a threaded assembly by coating interior and exterior components of the valve assembly selected from the group consisting of an inlet port, an outlet port, a diaphragm and a lower spindle with an amorphous hydrogenated silicon compound. A valve assembly containing the coated interior and exterior components is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B05B 16/00 - Spray booths
• B05B 14/40 - Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
• B05B 14/00 - Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
• B05B 14/43 - Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material
• B05B 16/60 - Ventilation arrangements specially adapted therefor
• F16L 45/00 - Pipe units with cleaning aperture and closure therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing one or more olefins and one or more carboxylic acids, in which one or more paraffins is or are subjected to an oxidative dehydrogenation. For the oxidative dehydrogenation, a reactor (10) having a plurality of reaction zones (11, 12, 13) is used, a gas mixture comprising the one or more paraffins is successively passed through the reaction zones (11, 12, 13), and at least two of the reaction zones (11, 12, 13) are subject to varying temperature influences. The invention also relates to a corresponding system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 51/215 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
• C07C 53/08 - Acetic acid

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a device for controlling a gaseous mixture comprised in a portable enclosure as well as an enclosure comprising such device and a monitoring system comprising at least one corresponding enclosure. Accordingly, a device (1) for controlling a gaseous mixture (2) comprised in a portable enclosure (10) is suggested, which comprises a gas delivery device (3) for the delivery of at least one gaseous component (20, 22) to the gaseous mixture (2) and/or a gas removal device (4) for the removal of at least one gaseous component (20, 22) from the gaseous mixture (2), a gas monitor device (5) configured to detect at least one parameter (50) relating to the gaseous mixture (2), and a control unit (6) in communication with the gas monitor device (5) to receive the detected parameter and configured to determine an information (60) relating to the gaseous mixture (2) based on the received parameter (50). Furthermore, the control unit (6) is configured to actuate the gas delivery device (3) and/or the gas removal device (4) based on the determined information (60) to control the amount of the gaseous component (20, 22) in the gaseous mixture (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• A23L 3/3418 - Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
• A23L 3/3445 - Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining one or more air products using an air separation system (100) comprising a rectifying column system (14-17) which has a high-pressure column (14) and a low-pressure column (15), as well as comprising a main heat exchanger (9) and a main air compressor, wherein all the air supplied to the rectifying column system (10-17) is compressed to a first pressure level in the main air compressor (1), and the high-pressure column (15) is operated at a second pressure level, which is at least 3 bar below the first pressure level, and a gaseous nitrogen-rich fluid is removed from the high-pressure column (15) at the second pressure level and heated in a gaseous state without a prior liquefaction. According to the invention, a first partial amount of the gaseous nitrogen-rich fluid is heated, supplied to a booster (12) at this temperature level, and further compressed to a third pressure level using the booster (12). In the invention, a temperature level from -50 to 0 °C is used as the first temperature level and, after being compressed to the third pressure level, the first partial amount is heated to a second temperature level above the first pressure level and permanently discharged from the air separation system (100). In addition, in the invention, a second partial amount of the gaseous nitrogen-rich fluid is heated to the first temperature level together with the first partial amount, supplied to the booster (12) at this temperature level, and further compressed to the third pressure level using the booster (12). After being compressed to the third pressure level, the second partial amount is at least temporarily cooled down to a third temperature level below the first temperature level, then depressurised to the second pressure level, and supplied back into the high-pressure column (15). The invention also relates to a corresponding air separation system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricant for a cleaning device (10) of a heat exchanger (13), containing at least 30% polytetrafluoroethylene, at least 0.5% graphite and at least 0.5% molybdenum disulfide. The invention further relates to a use of the lubricant for a cleaning device (10) of a heat exchanger (10) and to a heat exchanger.

IPC Classes  ?

• B21D 37/18 - Lubricating
• F16C 33/66 - Special parts or details in view of lubrication
• F16C 33/10 - Construction relative to lubrication
• C10M 107/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
• C10M 107/38 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
• C10M 103/02 - Carbon; Graphite
• C10M 103/04 - Metals; Alloys
• C10M 107/46 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur
• F28F 19/02 - Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
• F28G 1/08 - Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
• F28G 1/14 - Pull-through rods
• F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive apparatus for a cleaning apparatus (10) for a cylinder tube of a heat exchanger (13, 212). The drive apparatus has a lead screw (3), which is designed to be arranged in the cylinder tube in an axial direction (100) coaxially to the cylinder tube of the heat exchanger (13) and to move a cleaning element (12) in the cylinder tube in the axial direction (100) by means of rotation. The drive apparatus also comprises a coupling element (30, 210) having a first rotor (32) and a second rotor (34) coupled to the first rotor (32), wherein the first rotor (32) can be connected to the lead screw (3) in a mechanically rigid manner and to the cylinder tube in a fluid-tight and/or pressure-tight manner, and wherein the second rotor (34) can be mechanically connected to a drive element (208), such that the lead screw is rotatable by the drive element (208) via the second rotor and the first rotor. The invention also relates to a cleaning apparatus (10) and a heat exchanger (13).

IPC Classes  ?

• B08B 9/045 - Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes the cleaning devices being rotated while moved
• F28G 1/08 - Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
• F28G 1/14 - Pull-through rods
• F28G 15/04 - Feeding or driving arrangements, e.g. power operation
• F28G 15/08 - Locating position of cleaning appliances within conduits
• F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the acidification of manure.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01C 3/00 - Treating manure; Manuring
• A01C 23/00 - Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
• C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a synthesis product. An electrolysis raw product which contains at least carbon dioxide and water is formed and is subjected to a co-electrolysis process, thereby obtaining a raw gas which contains at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The invention is characterized in that at least part of the carbon monoxide contained in the raw gas and at least part of the carbon dioxide contained in the raw gas are supplied to one or more hydroformylation reactors and subjected to a hydroformylation process, thereby obtaining one or more hydroformylation products. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding system (100, 200).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for depicting a positioning line (40) in a space, wherein two laser beams (10, 20) from different directions are guided together at an intersection point (30), and said positioning line (40) is generated in the space by displacing said intersection point (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01C 15/00 - Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups
• G02B 27/22 - Other optical systems; Other optical apparatus for producing stereoscopic or other three-dimensional effects
• H04N 13/39 - Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume the picture elements emitting light at places where a pair of light beams intersect in a transparent material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating a sulphide-containing waste lye from a caustic treatment, in which method the waste lye and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture are fed to an oxidation reactor (10) and subjected therein to wet oxidation, wherein steam is fed into the oxidation reactor (10). According to the invention, an oxidation reactor (10) is used comprising a number of chambers (11-19), of which a first chamber (11) has a larger volume than a second chamber (12), wherein the waste lye and the oxygen or the oxygen-containing gas mixture is fed to the first chamber (11), fluid flowing out of the first chamber (11) is transferred to the second chamber (12), a steam quantity and/or steam temperature of the steam fed into the oxidation reactor (10) is controlled using a control device (TIC), and at least part of the steam fed into the oxidation reactor (10) is fed into the first chamber (11) and into the second chamber (12). The invention also relates to a corresponding system (100) and a corresponding oxidation reactor (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01F 3/04 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases or vapours with liquids
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• C02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
• C02F 11/08 - Wet air oxidation
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
• C02F 103/18 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the wet purification of gaseous effluents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating a waste liquor of a caustic wash using an oxidation reactor (100), wherein the waste liquor and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture are fed into the oxidation reactor (100) and vapour is introduced into the oxidation reactor (100). According to the invention, the vapour is introduced at least partially by means of a vapour-feeding device (10) comprising a cylindrical section (11) with a central axis (12) and a wall (13), wherein the central axis (12) is vertically oriented, a plurality of groups of openings (14) are embodied in the wall, each of the groups comprises a plurality of the openings (14), and the plurality of openings (14) of each of the groups is arranged in at least one plane (15) which is/are each oriented perpendicularly to the central axis (12). The invention further relates to a corresponding system and to a corresponding oxidation reactor (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01F 3/04 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases or vapours with liquids
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• C02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
• C02F 11/08 - Wet air oxidation
• C02F 103/18 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the wet purification of gaseous effluents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating a waste liquor of a caustic wash, in which the waste liquor along with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture and vapour is supplied to an oxidation unit (1) and is subjected therein to a wet oxidation for a reaction time at a first temperature level and a first pressure level, wherein a three-phase component mixture comprising a gas phase, a liquid phase and solid particles is extracted from the oxidation unit (1) and subjected to a cooling process and a phase separation. According to the invention, the three-phase component mixture in the unchanged composition is first decompressed from a first pressure level to a second pressure level and thereby cooled to a second temperature level, and the three-phase component mixture decompressed to the second pressure level and cooled to the second temperature level is then subjected at least partially to another cooling process to reach a third temperature level and thereafter a phase separation. The invention also relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• C02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
• C02F 11/08 - Wet air oxidation
• C02F 103/18 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the wet purification of gaseous effluents

Abstract

A disadvantage with helium supply containers in an ISO system is the inability to measure or predict the container temperature. Direct measurements are not possible and downstream measurements are considered inaccurate because of potential leak of heat into the ISO system. The invention is a method and device for supplying helium to at least one end user from at least one container of helium to an end user through at least one supply system, additional pressurization helium gas to the at least one container, wherein a mass flow meter and a pressure transmitter, in electronic communication with a programmable logic controller measures an amount of helium being supplied to the at least one user, provides the amount to the programmable logic controller which provides a signal to the at least one end user of an amount of helium that remains in the at least one container and the temperature therein.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 5/06 - Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases for filling with compressed gases
• F17D 1/04 - Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
• F17D 3/01 - Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
• F17D 3/18 - Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for measuring the quantity of conveyed product

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a gas product which contains at least carbon monoxide, wherein an electrolysis raw product which contains at least carbon dioxide is formed and is subjected to a low-temperature electrolysis process, thereby obtaining a raw gas which contains at least carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the electrolysis raw product is formed from at least part of a starting mixture which contains carbon dioxide using a first carbon dioxide separation process, and/or the gas product is formed from at least part of the raw gas using a second carbon dioxide separation process. The waste heat of the low-temperature electrolysis process is discharged out of the low-temperature electrolysis process using a heat pump and is at least partly transferred to the first and/or second carbon dioxide separation process. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• F25B 30/00 - Heat pumps

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a heat exchanger (10) which has a first exchange zone (1) with a first end (11) and a second end (12), a second exchange zone (2) with a first end (21) and a second end (22), and a separation zone (3) between the first end (11) of the first exchange zone (1) and the second end (12) of the second exchange zone (2). The respective heat conductivity between the first end (11) and the second end (12) of the first exchange zone (2) and between the first end (11) and the second end (12) of the second exchange zone (2) is higher than the heat conductivity of the separation zone (13) between the second end (11) of the first exchange zone (1) and the first end of the second exchange zone (2). In a first operating mode, the temperature of the first end (11) of the first exchange zone (1) is controlled to a first temperature level, and the temperature of the second end (12) of the second exchange zone (2) is controlled to a second temperature level below the first temperature level by conducting fluids through the first exchange zone (1) and the second exchange zone (2). The first operating mode is interrupted by a second operating mode in which the conduction of the fluid through the first exchange zone (1) and the second exchange zone (2) is prevented. According to the invention, the fluids being conducted through the first exchange zone (1) and the second exchange zone (2) in the first operating mode comprise pressurized dry air and at least one air product cryogenically formed using the pressurized dry air. The second operating mode is interrupted and the first operating mode or another operating mode is initiated as soon as a variable exceeds or falls below a specified value, said variable characterizing a heat transfer occurring between the first end (11) and the second end (12) of the first exchange zone (1) and/or between the first end (21) and the second end (22) of the second exchange zone (2) after the second operating mode is initiated. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding assembly.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
• F25B 1/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• F25J 5/00 - Arrangements of cold-exchangers or cold-accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the additive manufacture of a three-dimensional, membrane-like component. This method comprises the following steps: - providing a metallic starting material, - melting the starting material using a heat source to form a component layer, - repeating the above steps. The method according to the invention is characterised in that at least one step is provided in which pores are formed in at least one component layer so that at least one region of the component has membrane-like properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/00 - Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting

Abstract

The invention relates to a welding process for producing a component (10) by depositing multiple layers (100) of a metal material in layers, said layers lying one on top of the other. In said process, the base (10a) of the component (10) is placed in a liquid coolant (6) such that the coolant contacts the base (6), and a surface (10b) of the base (6) lies above the coolant level (3). A first layer (100) of the material is deposited onto the surface (10b) by welding the material to the surface (10b), and each subsequent layer (100) is deposited onto a temporary component surface (10bb) formed by the previously deposited layer (100) by welding the material to the temporary component surface (10bb), wherein the heat resulting from welding the material is absorbed by the coolant (6). The invention additionally relates to a device (1) for carrying out the method.

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 11/00 - Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
• B23K 9/04 - Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
• B23K 26/342 - Build-up welding
• B23K 37/00 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating a component mixture which substantially contains hydrocarbons having two or two and more carbon atoms, methane and hydrogen by using a distillation device (10). Fluid (a, c, e, g, i) of the component mixture is cooled in stages at a first pressure level, wherein first condensates (b, d, f, h, j) are separated from the fluid (a, c, e, g, i). Fluid (k) of the component mixture, which hereafter remains gaseous, is depressurized in an expander to a second pressure level, wherein a second condensate (l) is obtained. Fluid of the first condensates (b, d, f, h, j) is depressurized from the first pressure level to a second pressure level and fed together with the second condensate into the distillation column (10), which is operated at the second pressure level. The invention further relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
• C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes
• C07C 7/09 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by fractional condensation

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for separating a component mixture (K) which contains hydrogen, methane, hydrocarbons having two carbon atoms and hydrocarbons having three or more carbon atoms, wherein in a deethanization at least one portion of the component mixture (K) is subjected to a first partial condensation by cooling from a first temperature level to a second temperature level at a first pressure level to obtain a first gas fraction (G1) and a first liquid fraction (C1), at least one portion of the gas fraction (G1) is subjected to a second partial condensation by cooling from the second temperature level to a third temperature level at the first pressure level to obtain a second gas fraction (G4) and a second liquid fraction (C2) and at least a portion of the first liquid fraction (C1) and at least a portion of the second liquid fraction (C1) are subjected to a rectification to obtain a third gas fraction (G3) and a third liquid fraction (C3+). The first liquid fraction (C1) or the portion thereof subjected to the rectification and the second liquid fraction (C2) or the portion thereof subjected to the rectification are decompressed to a second pressure level and the rectification is performed at the second pressure level, wherein the first pressure level is 25 to 35 bar and the second pressure level is 14 to 17 bar. A tops gas formed during the rectification is cooled to -25°C to -35°C and thus partially condensed, wherein a condensed proportion of the tops gas is in part or in whole used in the rectification as reflux and a non-condensed proportion of the tops gas is in part or in whole provided as the third gas fraction (G3). The present invention likewise provides a corresponding plant (100, 200).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
• C10G 70/04 - Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups , , , , by physical processes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for performing a chemical engineering process, in particular in an air separation plant or a natural gas plant, wherein a multiplicity of process simulations are performed simultaneously, in the course of each of which the process in the process plant is in each case simulated for a particular application case, wherein each application case is characterized by values of process plant variables and/or values of process parameters, wherein, in the multiplicity of process simulations, values for the process plant variables and/or for the process parameters are determined such that at least one predefined condition is met, wherein free values for process plant variables and/or process parameters are determined, and wherein dependent values for process plant variables and/or process parameters are determined from the free values for process plant variables and/or process parameters.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 17/02 - Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
• G06F 17/50 - Computer-aided design

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for cooling (Q) and/or scrubbing (W) a hot, soot-laden gas stream (1) in direct contact with water (2, 5), producing a slurry (8), termed soot water, at a temperature of at least 100°C and a pressure of greater than 10 bar(a), from which solids are separated using a high-pressure filter system (H) in order to obtain a filtrate (10) having a solids content less than that of the soot water (8) for the purpose of cooling and/or scrubbing the hot gas stream (1) laden with soot and slag, and for obtaining a filter cake (9) containing the separated solids. The invention is characterized in that the filter cake (9) is obtained essentially dry using a pulsation filter (P) which is part of the high-pressure filter system (H).

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
• C02F 103/18 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the wet purification of gaseous effluents

Abstract

The invention relates to a forming device (200) for supplying at least one root protection gas to the root side of at least one region (11) of at least one pipe (10) to be connected, comprising at least one root protection gas supply device (220) for supplying the root protection gas and comprising at least one root protection gas conducting device (210) for conducting or deflecting the supplied root protection gas in an axial direction along the inner wall of the pipe (10) along the root side of the region (11) to be connected, wherein the root protection gas conducting device (210) has a cylindrical shape and can be inserted into the pipe (10) in a centered manner, and the root protection gas supply device (220) is arranged within the root protection gas conducting device (210). The invention additionally relates to a method for forming or supplying at least one root protection gas to the root side of at least one region (11) of at least one pipe (10) to be connected. The supplied root protection gas is guided, conducted, or deflected in the direction along the inner face of the pipe (10) along the root side of the region to be connected, and the root protection gas is additionally guided in the radial direction such that when the pipe region is connected to a pipe bend (12), the root protection gas is guided along the curvature of the pipe bend (12) in the axial direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 9/32 - Accessories

Abstract

The present invention provides a gas flow monitoring system (1) for use with a gas cylinder (10), comprising a valve body (12) associated with the gas cylinder, having a flow control valve (14) operable from a first position to allow the flow of gas from or to said cylinder and a second position to prevent the flow of gas from or to said cylinder; a vibration sensor (16) attached to or in physical association with the valve body (12) for detecting vibrations of the valve body, creating a vibration signal, and transmitting the vibration signal; a processor (18), connected to the vibration sensor (16), for receiving and processing the vibration signal from the vibration sensor and a memory (19), connected to the processor (18) pre-loaded with a calibrated look-up table (19a) relating vibration signals from the vibration sensor with flow-rates of flows of gas through the valve body. Such a system is able to compare the vibration signal received with data from the look-up table thereby to determine the flow-rate of the flow of gas through the valve body (12).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
• G01F 15/06 - Indicating or recording devices
• G01F 15/075 - Integration to give total flow, e.g. using mechanically-operated integrating mechanism using electrically-operated integrating means
• G01F 15/18 - Supports or connecting means for meters

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling rib assembly (12) for a product manifold (10) of a steam reformer, wherein the cooling rib assembly (12) comprises at least one cooling rib (14) and can be arranged on an outer side of the product manifold (10) in such a way that the cooling rib (14) is in thermal contact with the product manifold (10). The cooling rib assembly (12) is designed in such a way that the at least one cooling rib (14) enlarges a surface of the outer side of the product manifold (10) when the cooling rib assembly (12) is arranged on the product manifold (10). The invention further relates to a product manifold (10) and a steam reformer.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus

Abstract

Cooling system, preferably adapted for use in or including a refrigeration plant and/or liquefier plant, having a refrigeration circuit (1) configured to use a refrigerant including a mixture of helium and neon; wherein the refrigerant is based on a raw mixture, preferably is the raw mixture, including helium and neon, extracted from air by an air separation plant (2). Method for producing a refrigerant usable in a refrigeration circuit (1), comprising: extracting a raw mixture including helium and neon from air, wherein the raw mixture preferably further includes nitrogen and hydrogen; and using the raw mixture as the refrigerant or obtaining the refrigerant from the raw mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
• C01B 23/00 - Noble gases; Compounds thereof
• F02C 1/10 - Closed cycles
• F25B 40/00 - Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
• F25B 40/02 - Subcoolers
• F25J 3/00 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method (10-60) for producing a gas product (I) which mainly or exclusively contains hydrogen, wherein: a first feedstock mixture (E) containing at least one hydrocarbon and water is formed; the first feedstock mixture (E) is subjected to steam reforming (2); by means of the steam reforming process (2), a first product mixture (F) containing at least water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, the at least one hydrocarbon and hydrogen is formed; using at least some of the first product mixture (F), a second feedstock mixture (G) containing at least water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, the at least one hydrocarbon and hydrogen is formed; the second feedstock mixture (G) is subjected to a water-gas shift reaction (3); by means of the water-gas shift reaction (3), a second product mixture (H) containing at least water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, the at least one hydrocarbon and hydrogen is formed, which has a higher content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen and a lower content of carbon monoxide and water than the first product mixture (F); at least some of the second product mixture (H) is subjected to hydrogen separation (4) after at least partial removal of water; and, by means of the hydrogen separation process (4), the gas product (I) and a residual mixture (K) containing at least carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, the at least one hydrocarbon and hydrogen are formed. According to the invention, the second feedstock mixture (G) is formed using some (L) of the residual mixture. The present invention also relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of a metal powder wherein a liquid metal is atomized with a gas or a liquid and wherein the liquid metal is exposed to a controlled gas atmosphere. The controlled atmosphere comprises at least 95% by volume of an inert gas as well as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and the volume ratio of CO to CO2 is between 2:1 and 50:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a cryogenic refrigeration system and method for cryogenic refrigeration of a process medium. In particular, the invention relates to a counter flow heat exchanger configuration and pressure regulator arrangement to reduce exergetic losses in the system. Accordingly, a cryogenic refrigeration system is suggested comprising a conduit (2) configured to provide a supply flow (10) of a process medium, a counter flow heat exchanger (3), which is thermally coupled to a heat exchanger section (2A) of the conduit (2) and comprises an inlet (34) at a cold end (30) of the heat exchanger (3) and an outlet (36) at the warm end (32) of the heat exchanger (3), a first pressure regulator (4), which is in fluid communication with the conduit (2) and is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger section (2A), and a vessel (5), which is in fluid communication with the conduit (2) and is arranged downstream of the first pressure regulator (4), wherein the vessel (5) is in fluid communication with the inlet (34) of the heat exchanger (3) and is configured to provide an evaporated gas flow from the process medium to the inlet (34) of the heat exchanger (3). Furthermore, the conduit (2) is free of any evaporation heat exchanger upstream of the heat exchanger section (2A) of the conduit (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25B 9/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
• F25B 9/02 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using vortex effect
• F25B 40/00 - Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
• F25B 41/04 - Disposition of valves
• F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems

Abstract

222 takes place in multiple electrolytic cells, which are arranged in series one behind the other in the direction of at least one electrolyte flow and each comprise a cathode and an anode, wherein the at least one electrolyte flow is conducted through the electrolytic cells which are arranged in series one behind the other and is intermediately cooled between at least two electrolytic cells which are arranged in series one behind the other. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 9/20 - Assemblies comprising a plurality of cells of the filter-press type
• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolysis system and an electrolysis method. The electrolysis system comprises a pressure-electrolytic cell and a throttle in the catholyte line, by means of which the catholyte flow can be divided into a gas and liquid phase. In this way, (by-)products of the electrolysis can be recycled, while the electrolytic cell can be operated effectively at a high pressure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C25B 1/12 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals of hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water in pressure cells
• C25B 9/08 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, and to a method for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, in which a return of a material stream comprising the educt and CO is carried out after the electrochemical production.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C25B 3/04 - Electrolytic production of organic compounds by reduction
• C25B 9/06 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
• B01D 53/047 - Pressure swing adsorption
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals

Abstract

A cylinder for liquefied gas that includes a withdrawal tube that prevents liquid product from the cylinder from being inadvertently dispensed to the tool downstream. The cylinder also includes a level measuring means used to determine the remaining liquid level in the cylinder. A low power level display to indicate low levels of liquid in the cylinder using a minimum of power consumption may also be included.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 13/02 - Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger (10) having a plate heat exchanger block (11), which has a plurality of partitions (4, 5) arranged parallel to one another in the form of separating plates which form a plurality of heat exchange passages (1a, 1b) for fluids which are to be brought into indirect heat exchange relationship with one another. The heat exchange passages are closed off from the outside by lateral strips (8), and each heat exchange passage (1a, 1b) has an inlet (9) for inflow of a fluid and an outlet (19) for outflow of the fluid. According to the invention, one or more partitions (4, 5) and/or one or more heat-conducting elements (2, 3) in each case have a coating (41) made of a heat-insulating material. The invention further relates to a method for producing a polymer laminate and to a method for joining prefabricated polymer components to each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• F28F 13/18 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device (W) for transferring heat, in which method a liquid-gas mixture (6) is treated in a separating apparatus (T) in order to obtain a gas phase (8) and a liquid phase (9), of which phases the liquid phase (9) is subsequently guided through a heat exchanger (E) and is heated in indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer medium. The invention is characterized in that, of the two phases (8, 9) obtained in the separating apparatus (T), only the liquid phase (9) is introduced into the heat exchanger (E).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
• C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating a gas mixture flow, in which use is made of a temperature-change adsorption plant (100) which has a number of adsorption units (A1, A2, A3) which are respectively operated in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, wherein the first operating mode comprises guiding the gas mixture flow (G) at least in part through an adsorption chamber of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and subjecting this flow to an adsorptive exchange of material with at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber, and the second operating mode comprises guiding a first heat transfer fluid flow (W1) at a first temperature through a heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the first heat transfer fluid flow (W1) indirectly to the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber. It is provided that the first operating mode comprises guiding a second heat transfer fluid flow (W2) at a second temperature through the heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber indirectly to the second heat transfer fluid flow (W2), and the adsorption units (A1, A2, A3) are respectively operated in a third operating mode which comprises guiding a third heat transfer fluid flow (W3) at a third temperature through the heat-exchange arrangement of the respective adsorption unit (A1, A2, A3) and transferring heat from the at least one adsorbent in its adsorption chamber to the third heat transfer fluid flow (W3). The invention also relates to a corresponding temperature-change adsorption plant (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A method for separating higher boranes from a mixture continuing diborane, higher boranes and a balance gas is disclosed. The higher boranes are typically tetraborane, pentaborane and decaborane. In one embodiment, the diborane is separated using at least one cold trap. Alternatively, the higher boranes are separated by a liquid filtration unit before forming a gaseous diborane mixture. In another embodiment, the higher boranes are separated from the mixture by a distillation column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 35/02 - Boron; Borides

Abstract

An apparatus for oxygenating a body of water includes a venturi tube supported along a path at the body of water, the venturi tube receiving pure oxygen for mixing with water from the body of water for providing an oxygenated mixture; a pump for delivering the water to the venturi tube; and a manifold in fluid communication with the venturi tube and extending into the body of water for delivering the oxygenated mixture as a propelling force into the body of water. A related method is also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 7/00 - Aeration of stretches of water

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a medical gas supply system and a method for supplying a medical gas to a patient, preferably providing a backup system to ensure a continuous and safe medical gas supply to a patient. Accordingly, a medical gas supply system (1 ) for supplying a medical gas to a patient (7) is suggested, comprising a plurality of gas conduits (20) fluidly connected to at least a first medical gas source (2) and each having a gas outlet (22), a plurality of sensors (3), each in fluid communication with a respective gas outlet (22) and configured to detect at least one gas characteristic within the gas conduit (20) at the respective outlet (22), and a control unit (4), which is in communication with the plurality of sensors (3) to receive and process an information related to the at least one gas characteristic, wherein the system (1 ) furthermore comprises at least a second medical gas source (5) connected to at least one of the gas conduits (20) via a first control valve (50) in communication with the control unit (4), wherein the control unit (4) is configured to actuate the first control valve (50) based on the received information.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61M 16/00 - Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
• F17D 1/04 - Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a swirling device (10) for a plate heat exchanger (1). The swirling device (10) has a swirling protrusion (14) and can be mounted on the plate heat exchanger in such a way that the swirling protrusion (14) is arranged in and/or at a flow channel (22) of the plate heat exchanger. The swirling protrusion (14) is designed to swirl a fluid flowing into the flow channel (22) in such a way that, downstream, the fluid flows completely through the same flow channel (22) while performing at least one swirling motion. The invention further relates to a plate heat exchanger.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28F 3/02 - Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
• F28F 3/06 - Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being attachable to the element
• F28F 13/12 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (200-400) for extracting pure helium using a first membrane separation stage (1), a second membrane separation stage (2) and a third membrane separation stage (3), in which a first helium-containing feed mixture is supplied to the first membrane separation stage (1), a second helium-containing feed mixture is supplied to the second membrane separation stage (2), and a third helium-containing feed mixture is supplied to the third membrane separation stage (3), and in which a first permeate and a first retentate are formed in the first membrane separation stage (1), a second permeate and a second retentate are formed in the second membrane separation stage (2), and a third permeate and a third retentate are formed in the third membrane separation stage (3). According to the invention, the first feed mixture is formed using at least one portion of a helium-containing starting mixture, the second feed mixture is formed using at least one portion of the first permeate, the third feed mixture is formed using at least one portion of the second retentate, the second permeate is at least partially processed by pressure-swing adsorption in order to obtain the pure helium and a remaining mixture, and at least one portion of the third permeate and/or at least one portion of the third retentate is guided back into the method (200). The invention also relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• B01D 53/047 - Pressure swing adsorption

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cryogenic vessel (300a, 300b) having an inner container (301), an outer container (302), an intermediate space (303) between the inner container (301) and the outer container (302) which can be evacuated, and having at least one fluid distribution container (200), which has an internal volume which extends proceeding from one wall of the inner container (301) into the intermediate space (303), is arranged at least partially within the intermediate space (303) and is fluidically connected to the inner container (301), wherein the internal volume of the fluid distribution container (200) is delimited by a wall which has openings (211, 212, 213) that are designed for the connection of one line (311, 312, 313) each or are each connected with one such line (311, 312, 313). The wall (121, 221) has a convex section (101, 201), wherein a wall thickness of the wall at at least one point is less than 90% of a wall thickness of the inner container (301). The invention also relates to a fluid distribution container (100, 200) and to a method for producing a cryogenic vessel (300a, 300b).

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 1/14 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of non-magnetic steel
• F17C 13/00 - VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
• F17C 1/00 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100, 200, 300, 400) for producing a gas product (D) containing at least carbon monoxide, in which an electrolysis fraction containing at least carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen is fed to a cathode side (12) of a high-temperature electrolysis cell (10), and an electrolysis raw product containing at least water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen is discharged from the cathode side (12). At least some of the electrolysis raw product or a gas mixture formed with use of at least some of the electrolysis raw product and containing at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen is subjected as partition fraction to membrane separation (60, 62, 64), in which a permeate that is enriched with hydrogen and depleted of carbon monoxide as compared to the partition fraction and a retentate depleted of hydrogen and enriched with carbon monoxide are formed, wherein at least some of the permeate or a gas mixture formed with use of at least some of the permeate is used in the formation of the electrolysis fraction. The invention further relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C25B 1/10 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals of hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water in diaphragm cells
• C25B 9/08 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining one or more olefins, in which method a feed/starting mixture (1) containing methane and oxygen is fed to one or more catalytic zones (11) of one or more reactors, wherein the one or more catalytic zones (11) have a catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane, wherein a gas mixture is removed from the one or more catalytic zones (11) and is at least partially transferred to one or more non-catalytic zones (12) of the one or more reactors (10). To the one or more non-catalytic zones (12), one or more paraffins are introduced, wherein the one or more paraffins that were introduced to the one or more non-catalytic zones (12) are partially converted in the one or more non-catalytic zones (12) to one or more olefins by means of a steam-splitting reaction. According to the invention, at one or more of several different feeding positions (13a, 13b, 13c), which are selected during the execution of the method subject to a predefined conversion of the one or more paraffins, the one or more paraffins are introduced into the one or more non-catalytic zones (12). The invention further relates to a corresponding system (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/84 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen oxidative coupling catalytic
• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• C07C 9/06 - Ethane
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

A method for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160), the hydrogen (a) provided by the hydrogen source (110) being supplied to the hydrogen storage (160) via a heat exchanger (140), wherein the hydrogen (a) is cooled by means of the heat exchanger (140) using nitrogen (b) as a cooling medium. An apparatus (100) for supplying hydrogen (a) from a hydrogen source (110) to a hydrogen storage (160) is also provided. The method and the apparatus use nitrogen as cooling medium, which can be harmless to the environment.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 5/04 - Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen

Abstract

A gas treatment method (100) is described, which includes an oxidative process (4) providing waste heat, wherein a first gas mixture containing an oxidable component is provided, wherein the first gas mixture and oxygen are introduced into a oxidating unit (41), wherein at least a part of the oxidable component in the first gas mixture is oxidised in the oxidating unit (41), wherein the first gas mixture and/or a second gas mixture used in providing the first gas mixture and/or a third gas mixture produced from at least a part of the first gas mixture using the oxidating unit (41) is or are treated in one or more gas treatment units (2) operated using a first amount of steam, wherein in a first mode of operation the oxygen introduced into the oxidating unit (41) is at least in part provided by an air separation unit (7) comprising a compressor (71) operated using a second amount of steam, wherein in the first mode of operation the first amount of steam is provided by a first steam generator (10) operated using at least a part of the waste heat, and wherein in the first mode of operation the second amount of steam is provided by a second steam generator (20) independently operable from the waste heat. Said operating the compressor (72) using the second amount of steam comprises expanding the second amount of steam in a steam turbine (72) mechanically coupled to the compressor (71). Furthermore, a second mode of operation is performed in which at least a part of the first amount of steam provided by the first steam generator (10) in the first mode of operation is instead provided by the second steam generator (20), and in which a total amount of steam smaller than the second amount of steam, or no steam, is provided by the first steam generator (10). A corresponding apparatus is also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/34 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/73 - After-treatment of removed components
• C01B 17/04 - Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
• F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air

Abstract

The invention relates to a process (100) for producing liquefied natural gas using a feedstock mixture that contains at least methane, one or more components boiling at a temperature lower than methane and one or more hydrocarbons boiling at a temperature higher than methane, wherein the hydrocarbon(s) boiling at a temperature higher than methane comprise one or more hydrocarbons freezing at a higher temperature, with a freezing point higher than -50 °C. According to the invention the feedstock mixture is fed into a pressure swing adsorption process (10), in which a first fraction containing methane and a second fraction containing methane are formed, the first fraction containing methane contains, in addition to the methane, at least the predominant portion of the components of the feedstock mixture that boil more readily than methane and is low in or free from the hydrocarbons boiling less readily than methane, and the second fraction containing methane contains, in addition to the methane, at least the predominant portion of the hydrocarbons from the feedstock that boil less readily than methane and is low in or free from the components that boil more readily than methane, and the first fraction containing methane, or a portion thereof, is supplied for liquefaction (20). The invention also relates to a corresponding plant.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
• C10G 5/02 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas with solid adsorbents
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for injecting particulate material into a liquid metal bath wherein the liquid metal bath contains species to be oxidized, wherein the particulate material is carried to the liquid bath by means of a first gas stream. The solids injection rate is controlled such that the liquid bath temperature and/or the evolution of the liquid bath temperature is maintained within a pre-defined temperature range and the penetration depth of the first gas stream into the liquid bath is controlled by adjusting the flow of the first gas stream. At least one second gas stream is injected into the liquid, wherein the first and the second gas streams are an oxidizing gas, in particular oxygen, and the sum of the gas flows of the first and the second gas streams is determined based on the mass of the species to be oxidized and on the desired time for oxidizing the mass of the species.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21C 5/30 - Regulating or controlling the blowing
• C21C 5/46 - Constructional features of converters - Details or accessories
• C21C 7/00 - Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups
• C21C 7/068 - Decarburising

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a piston compressor (100) having a reciprocating piston (111) in a cylinder (110), wherein an inlet valve (112) and an outlet valve (113) are provided in the cylinder (110) on the side of a medium (b) which is to be compressed and conveyed, wherein the reciprocating piston (111) is moved to and fro by way of a hydraulic drive (120, 121) with a hydraulic piston (120) with the use of a hydraulic medium (a) in a first volume (141), with which the reciprocating piston (111) is loaded on the side of the hydraulic drive (120, 121), wherein, if required, hydraulic medium (a) is fed into the first volume (141) and/or is discharged from the first volume (141) in a manner which is dependent on a position of the hydraulic piston (120) and/or a rotational angle (φ) of a shaft (121) which is provided for moving the hydraulic piston (120) in relation to a position (x) of the reciprocating piston (120) and/or a pressure (p) in the first volume (141), and to a piston compressor (100) of this type.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04B 25/00 - Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
• F04B 35/04 - Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for obtaining polymerizable aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms (S), wherein a component mixture (B) is formed at least in part by means of steam cracking, wherein the component mixture is subject to processing (2, 3, 4, 5), comprising gasoline removal (5), and then to compression (8) and fractioning (10), and wherein one or more pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) is or are formed in the gasoline removal (5) and/or the compression (8). According to the invention, a separation feed is formed which predominantly contains solely pyrolysis gasoline from the or at least one of the pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) and the separation feed undergoes a separation (7), wherein at least one fraction (P) is formed in the separation (7) which, compared to the separation feed, is enriched in aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a corresponding system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by distillation
• C07C 15/44 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic part substituted by unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals monocyclic the hydrocarbon substituent containing a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for purifying and/or decomposing and cooling a gas mixture comprising a main gas and accompanying substances, wherein at least one first accompanying substance and a second accompanying substance have a higher condensation temperature than the main gas. The method comprises cooling the gas mixture by means of a first cooling stage (12a) to a first temperature below a condensation temperature of a first accompanying substance of the plurality of accompanying substances such that the first accompanying substance is at least partly condensed; and separating at least some of the condensed first accompanying substance such that the first accompanying substance is at least partially removed from the gas mixture. The method further comprises cooling the gas mixture by means of a second cooling stage (12b) to a second temperature below a condensation temperature of a second accompanying substance of the plurality of accompanying substances such that the second accompanying substance is at least partly condensed; and separating at least some of the condensed second accompanying substance such that the second accompanying substance is at least partially removed from the gas mixture. The first temperature is higher than the second temperature, and the second temperature is higher than the condensation temperature of the main gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 53/26 - Drying gases or vapours

Abstract

A hydrocarbon well remediation/stimulation treatment based on an Y-Grade natural gas liquid injection fluid mixture, including prescribed amounts of gas, nanoparticles with wettability alteration properties, foaming agents (including nanoparticles with foam stabilization properties), and solvent additives. The fluid mixture may be tuned to address multiple factors contributing to production decline, such as liquid blockage, wettability properties, fines/debris/scale build-up and organic deposits, reservoir heterogeneity/permeability, and/or reservoir fluid and hydrocarbon compositions, resulting in hydrocarbon production enhancement. The treatment is typically applied with a Huff-n-Puff process, however may also be applied with a flooding process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/594 - Compositions used in combination with injected gas

Abstract

A method for impregnating a polymeric granulate with a physical blowing agent is disclosed. The polymeric granulate can be a typical material such as a polycarbonate that is used in foam injection moulding processes. The physical blowing agent can be carbon dioxide which impregnates that polymeric granulate at a temperature range of 40° to 120°C and a pressure range of 15 to 55 bar. Preferably, the polymeric granulate is heated in a range of 50° to 90° with a range of 60° to 80° preferred. A pressure range of 25 to 45 bar is preferred with a range of 30 to 40 bar more preferred.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29B 9/16 - Auxiliary treatment of granules
• B29B 13/00 - Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
• B29C 44/34 - Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations