Abstract

Syngas is produced from hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. A steam methane reformer is configured to receive a hydrocarbon containing stream and steam, and to produce a first intermediate syngas stream from the hydrocarbon containing stream and the steam. At least a fraction of the hydrogen produced in the steam methane reformer is removed from the first intermediate syngas stream, and fed to a reverse water gas shift reactor in which carbon dioxide is reverse shifted to CO. The resulting CO-containing effluent stream is combined with a second intermediate syngas stream, which is a residue stream from the first intermediate syngas stream from which the fraction of hydrogen has been removed. Unconverted hydrogen which is discharged from the reverse water gas shift reactor, can be reintroduced in the second intermediate syngas stream together with the CO. The combined stream is a final syngas stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for the removal of contaminant from a contaminated liquid waste plastics oil, said process comprising: (i) contacting the contaminated liquid waste plastics oil having an initial contaminant content with a washing stream having a pH of greater than, the washing stream comprising a washing solvent, a phase transfer catalyst, and optionally a reducing agent; (ii) mixing the contaminated liquid waste plastics oil with the washing stream to produce a reaction mixture; (iii) settling the reaction mixture into at least a hydrocarbon phase having a final contaminant content that is less than the initial contaminant content, and an aqueous phase containing at least one reaction product of the contaminant and the washing stream, and (iv) separating the hydrocarbon phase from the aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C10G 55/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one catalytic cracking step
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10G 53/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one alkaline-treatment step
• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a method for operating a direct air capture (DAC) process. The method may include an array comprising a plurality of DAC units, each unit may include at least one side inlet face and an outlet. The array may have a shape that is not a single line formation and may have upwind and downwind sides dependent on a direction of a wind stream in the surrounding atmosphere. An air feed stream may be received at the inlet faces and may have an average CO2 concentration of at least 300 ppmv for all atmospheric conditions. A CO2 depleted outlet stream may be provided at the outlets and may have a flow generated by a device. Multiple recirculation zones may be generated by a subset of DAC units, and each zone may have an inner and outer sections, and a recirculation flow.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A feed nozzle assembly for co-currently introducing vapor and liquid into a reactor vessel which feed nozzle assembly includes: (a) an annular enclosure surrounding an annular feed conduit, (b) an atomizing vapor conduit surrounded by the annular feed conduit, wherein the annular feed conduit comprises a first portion comprising a first outlet and a second portion comprising a second outlet opposite the first outlet, the first outlet fluidly connecting the first portion and the second portion. The second outlet of the annular feed conduit traverses the annular enclosure. The atomizing vapor conduit has an outlet end comprising one or more openings disposed upstream of the first outlet of the annular feed conduit. In some embodiments, the annular enclosure includes an insulating material having a thermal conductivity ranging from about 0.00173 to about 1.73 watt/(m-°K).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles

Abstract

A feed nozzle assembly for co-currently introducing vapor and liquid into a reactor vessel which feed nozzle assembly includes: (a) an annular enclosure surrounding an annular feed conduit, (b) an atomizing vapor conduit surrounded by the annular feed conduit. The annular feed conduit includes a first portion having a first outlet and a second portion having a second outlet opposite the first outlet. The first outlet fluidly connects the first portion and the second portion. The second portion is lined with a non-metallic conduit. The second outlet of the annular feed conduit traverses the annular enclosure. The atomizing vapor conduit has an outlet end having one or more openings disposed upstream of the first outlet of the annular feed conduit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing

Abstract

2333). The channel walls further comprise a metal-containing support in an amount in a range from 40 wt% and up to 95 wt%. The metal-containing support is selected from the group consisting of a metal alloy, metal oxide, metal-non-metal alloy, ceramic, and any combination thereof. The metal-containing support comprises a total accessible porosity (ε) in a range from 0.4–0.8.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C04B 35/00 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products

Abstract

A sorbent structure comprising: a first end and a second end; a plurality of flow channels; and a plurality of channel walls. The channel walls comprise a carbonate in an amount in a range from greater than 5 wt% and up to 50 wt%. The channel walls further comprise a metal-containing support in an amount in a range from 40 wt% and up to 95 wt%. The metal-containing support is selected from the group consisting of a metal alloy, metal oxide, metal-non-metal alloy, ceramic, and any combination thereof. The metal- containing support comprises a total accessible porosity (ε) in a range from 0.4 – 0.8. A surface of the metal-containing support comprises a reaction product between the metal-containing support and a passivating material, wherein the reaction product being less reactive to the carbonate than the metal-containing support without the reaction product.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating

Abstract

A method for treating grains having starch and non-starch carbohydrates, wherein the starch is present in an amount of at least 10 wt.% based on the dry weight of the grain. The grain is contacted with a solution containing at least one α-hydroxysulfonic acid; and to react under acid hydrolysis conditions to produce a product that is suitable for producing chemicals and/or fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• C12P 19/02 - Monosaccharides
• C12P 19/04 - Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
• C13K 1/06 - Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of starch or raw materials containing starch

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a hydropyrolysis catalyst, said process comprising the steps of: i) forming a slurry comprising alpha alumina, an alumina precursor, a binder and water; ii) performing spray granulation of said slurry to prepare solid catalyst or carrier spheres; and iii) drying the catalyst or carrier spheres and then calcining them at a temperature in the range of at least 450 °C and no more than 900 °C, wherein active species comprising a molybdenum and a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table are incorporated into the hydropyrolysis catalyst, either by incorporating a molybdenum source and a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table into the slurry in step i) or by impregnating the calcined carrier spheres with a solution comprising a molybdenum source and a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and subsequently drying and then calcining at a temperature in the range of at least 450 °C and no more than 900 °C the thus-impregnated carrier spheres to provide the hydropyrolysis catalyst. The present invention also provides a biomass hydropyrolysis process with the obtained catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/32 - Bulk density
• B01J 35/40 - characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size (in a colloidal state B01J 35/23;crystallite size B01J 35/77)
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a hydropyrolysis catalyst that includes molybdenum and a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table as active species and in the range of from 35 to 60wt% of alpha alumina with a particle density of at least 3.5 g/cm3and 30 to 60wt% of an alumina, which is not alpha alumina, with a particle density of at least 0.8 g/cm3, based on the overall weight of the catalyst in oxidic form. The present disclosure also provides a method of producing the hydropyrolysis catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 35/31 - Density
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing a renewable feedstock by pyrolytic cracking of the renewable feedstock in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing a renewable feedstock outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing the renewable feedstock into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the renewable feedstock to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles

Abstract

A fuel composition comprising: (i) at least 30 vol% of renewable gasoline component, wherein the renewable gasoline component has a RON of at least 80 and has been derived from an ethanol to gasoline process; and (ii) at least 5 vol% of a renewable alcohol component; and (iii) from 15 vol% to 50 vol% of petroleum-derived gasoline component; wherein the fuel composition has a RON of 95 or greater and comprises at least 50 vol% of renewable components. The fuel compositions of the present invention allow the formulation of a higher bio-content fuel, while still maintaining high RON, an improved distillation profile and low particulate emissions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

A system for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a first stage including one or more first reactors that may receive the hydrocarbon feedstock and convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product. The feedstock has a total chlorine (Cl) content greater than 3 parts per million weight (ppmw), and the intermediate product includes hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH3), and an ammonium salt. The system also includes a heating system having a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in a loop and having a heat transfer fluid that may recover and dispense heat to one or more fluids in the first stage. At least one heat exchanger of the plurality of heat exchangers is disposed between the first stage and a separation section, and the at least one heat exchanger may maintain a temperature of the intermediate product above a desublimation temperature of ammonia with hydrogen halide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
• C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
• C10G 75/00 - Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation

Abstract

The present invention provides the use of a re-refined base oil in an industrial lubricating fluid, said industrial lubricating fluid comprising at least one base oil and at least one additive, in order to improve one or more of oxidation stability and low temperature performance of said industrial lubricating fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 175/00 - Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products
• C10M 175/02 - Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products mineral-oil based
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 30/18 - Anti-foaming property
• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents

Abstract

A process for removing hydrogen from an oxygen gas stream includes electrolysing water in an electrolyser to generate a hydrogen-rich stream and an oxygen-rich stream. The oxygen-rich stream includes hydrogen. The process also includes feeding the oxygen-rich stream to a reactor having a gold-containing catalyst and contacting, in the reactor, the oxygen-rich stream with the gold-containing catalyst. The gold-containing catalyst includes gold and a second metal on an oxidic support and an oxygen partial pressure of the oxygen-rich stream in the reactor is greater than 1 bar.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/52 - Gold
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/16 - Reducing
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

Abstract

1212122 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 300 g/mol; no alkylene oxide is added in step a) or between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added; and step c) starts before step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

1212122 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 300 g/mol; no alkylene oxide is added between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether alcohol P has been added; and step c) starts before step b).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of catalytically pyrolyzing a methane-containing stream, the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a gaseous methane-containing stream (10); (b) feeding the gaseous methane-containing stream (10) in the form of gas bubbles into a reaction zone (3) containing molten salt and catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are suspended in the molten salt; (c) subjecting the methane-containing stream to catalytic pyrolysis in the reaction zone (3) thereby obtaining solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen; (d) allowing the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen to move upwards from the reaction zone (3) to an intermediate zone (4) whilst catalyst particles are kept in the reaction zone (3); (e) optionally, allowing a first part of the molten salt to flow from the intermediate zone (4) to the reaction zone (3), or from an upper part of the reaction zone (3) to a lower part of the reaction zone (3), via a return loop (6); (f) allowing solid carbon, gaseous hydrogen and a second part of the molten salt to move further upwards from the intermediate zone (4) to a separation zone (5) by gas entrainment using an inverted funnel (9); (g) removing solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen from the separation zone (5); wherein gas bubbles are broken by first bubble breakers (7) having an open area of greater than 90% when the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen are moving - 23 - upwards in step (d) from the reaction zone (3) to the intermediate zone (4); and wherein gas bubbles are broken by second bubble breakers (8) when the molten salt, solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen are moving upwards in step (f) from the intermediate zone (4) to the separation zone (5).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for the hydropyrolysis of biomass, said process comprising the steps of contacting biomass with a hydropyrolysis catalyst in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor under a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the hydropyrolysis catalyst is prepared by a process comprising the steps of impregnating a gamma alumina carrier with a first impregnation solution comprising a tungsten salt, drying the tungsten-impregnated carrier; then impregnating the dried tungsten-impregnated carrier with a second impregnation solution comprising a source of a metal selected from those in groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, and, optionally, a molybdenum source, drying the fully impregnated carrier and then calcining it.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 23/85 - Chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics feedstock said process comprising: pyrolyzing a waste plastics feedstream at a temperature in the range from 200°C to 600°C to produce a waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons; feeding the waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons into an autothermal reactor; pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor by the reaction of the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the waste plastics pyrolysis feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the feedstream containing gaseous hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the gaseous hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Abstract

22) in co-existence (3); (c) maintaining the co-existence of liquid and solid hydrogen in the storage tank (2) using a heat exchanger (4); (d) feeding the hydrogen gas stream (10) provided in step (a) into the storage tank (2); (e) condensing the hydrogen gas (10) as fed into in the storage tank (2) in step (d).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of compressing a water-containing oxygen-containing stream originating from an electrolyzer, the method at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a water-containing oxygen-containing stream (10); (b) combining the water-containing oxygen-containing stream (10) provided in step (a) as a suction fluid in an ejector (2) with a water-containing stream (20) as a motive fluid, thereby obtaining a combined stream; (c) flashing the combined stream by the ejector (2), thereby obtaining a two-phase fluid (30) discharged from the ejector (2); (d) separating the two-phase fluid (30) discharged from the ejector (2) into an oxygen-containing gas stream (40) and a liquid stream (50); (e) pressurizing the liquid stream (40) obtained in step (d), thereby obtaining a pressurized liquid stream; (f) using the pressurized liquid stream obtained in step (e) as the motive fluid (20) in step (b); (g) dehydrogenating the oxygen-containing gas stream (40) obtained in step (d), thereby obtaining a dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (70); (h) dehydrating the dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (70) obtained in step (g), thereby obtaining a dehydrated dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (80); (i) compressing the dehydrated dehydrogenated oxygen-containing stream (80) obtained in step (h) thereby obtaining a compressed oxygen-containing stream (90); and (j) using the compressed oxygen-containing stream (90) obtained in step (i), in particular in a gasifier (9).

IPC Classes  ?

• F04F 5/04 - Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• F04F 5/10 - Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which fluid flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing liquids, e.g. containing solids, or liquids and elastic fluids
• C25B 9/05 - Pressure cells
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a method for operating a direct air capture (DAC) process including a fractal network layout. The method may include providing a plurality of base units, each base unit may include a plurality of DAC modules and a primary level node. Each primary level node may be connected to each of the DAC modules within the base unit by a process connection and/or a utility connection. A secondary level unit may include the plurality of base units. The secondary level unit may include a secondary level node which may be connected to each of the primary level nodes by process and/or utility connections. The method may include receiving an air stream at each of the DAC modules, contacting the air stream with a sorbent material, generating and transporting an outlet stream comprising CO2 from each of the DAC modules to the secondary level node.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A method of installing a sensor unit in a wellbore tubular arranged with the borehole, comprising a tubular bore. A punch tool is run into the tubular bore to a desired depth, and the sensor unit is pushed by the punch tool into a wall of the wellbore tubular. The punch tool is subsequently removed from the tubular bore, while leaving the sensor unit behind in the wall.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 47/01 - Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like

Abstract

A method for predicting fault seal behaviour involves training a backpropagation-enabled process using a training data set of seismic data, well data, and training labels. The seismic data has at least three spatial dimensions and a seismic resolution. The well data has a vertical resolution greater than the seismic resolution. The training data set is used for training the process to predict a contained column height and/or a fluid flow capacity at a fault juxtaposition location. The trained backpropagation-enabled process is used in a non-training data set to predict a contained column height and/or a fluid flow capacity at a fault juxtaposition location.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 1/52 - Structural details

Abstract

The invention relates to a batch process for preparing a polyether polyol P having a hydroxyl number of greater than 115 mg KOH/g by reacting starter compound S1 and optionally starter compound S2, which starter compounds have a plurality of active hydrogen atoms, with one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, comprising a) forming a starter mixture comprising starter compound S1 and the catalyst, followed by b) continuously adding an alkylene oxide; and c) optionally: continuously adding starter compound S2; wherein starter compound S1 has (I) a nominal functionality which equals the nominal functionality of polyether polyol P and a hydroxyl number which is within 10% of the hydroxyl number of polyether polyol P and/or (II) an equivalent weight of from 10 to 500 g/mol; optional starter compound S2 has an equivalent weight of from 10 to 70 g/mol; and no alkylene oxide is added in step a) or between steps a) and b), and the continuous addition of alkylene oxide in step b) is not interrupted before the total weight of alkylene oxide needed to prepare polyether polyol P has been added.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

1122n2n233 group is a hydrogen atom. The fuel compositions of the present invention provide improved engine power and reduced burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus (1) for separating a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10), the apparatus (1) at least comprising: - a cyclone separator (2) having an inlet (21) for a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10) to be separated, a bottom dipleg outlet (22) for a wet solids stream and an overhead outlet (23) for a gas stream; - a hopper (3) containing an overhead inlet (31), an overhead outlet (32) and a bottom outlet (33), wherein the overhead inlet (31) of the hopper (3) is fluidly connected with the bottom dipleg outlet (22) of the cyclone separator (2); and - a heater (5) for heating wet solids (34) in the hopper (3); wherein a pressure reducing pump (4) is connected to an overhead space (36) in the hopper (3) defined by the walls of the hopper and the surface level (35) of wet solids in the hopper (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 45/16 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream
• B04C 5/00 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
• B04C 5/20 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed with heating or cooling, e.g. quenching, means

Abstract

An unleaded gasoline fuel composition for improving engine performance in spark ignition internal combustion engines, wherein the unleaded a gasoline fuel composition comprises: a major amount of gasoline base fuel, and a detergent additive package, wherein the detergent additive package comprises a quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the quaternary ammonium internal salt is obtained from amines or polyamines that is substantially devoid of any free anion species, wherein the Mannich base detergent mixture comprises a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine, wherein the weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1, and wherein the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and the Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups

Abstract

This invention provides a method for assessing the copper corrosion potential of a lubricant fluid comprising the steps of: a) placing a sample of said lubricant fluid in a vial, wherein said sample partially fills said vial, such that a space exists in the vial above the sample suitable for sampling vapour phase materials in said space; b) sealing the vial; c) heating the sample in said sealed vial for greater than 12 hours at a temperature of at least 80 °C; and d) analysing the vapour phase portion using headspace GC-MS with full scan and selected ion monitoring.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 17/00 - Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion or to light
• G01N 33/28 - Oils

Abstract

22222 storage risk assessment.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth

Abstract

A method for inferring a well integrity criterion used for a CO2 storage site risk assessment of a subterranean formation uses a training well data set having a set of associated training labels. A backpropagation-enabled process is dependency-trained to identify contextual relationships between elements of the training well data set. The dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process is label-trained using the training well data set and the associated training labels to assess a training well integrity criterion. The label-trained backpropagation-enabled process is used to compute a well integrity criterion in a non-training well data set.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth

Abstract

A method for determining a relative permeability of a porous medium uses a segmented structural image generated from a 3D image to produce a pore-scale output from a pore-scale flow simulation. A Darcy-scale flow model is generated by simulating fluid flow on boundary conditions of the pore-scale flow simulation and an initial relative permeability model. The Darcy-scale output is compared to the pore-scale output to determine a degree of match. The initial relative permeability model is updated and the Darcy-scale simulation and inverse modeling steps are repeated until the degree of match falls within a pre-determined tolerance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials

Abstract

In a heating space of an electrically heated apparatus, elongate electrical radiative heater elements, which each stretch between a proximal end and a distal end of each elongate electrical radiative heater element, are mechanically secured to a wall peripheral to the heating space. The electrically heated apparatus can be used in methods of heating a fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 3/64 - Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating grease composition for use in a bearing, and a preparation process therefor, said lubricating grease composition comprising: - (i) a mineral base oil containing one or more of fatty ammonium carboxylate salts of formula (I): R1X– (R233+ n (¯OOCR3) wherein R1122020 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain hydrocarbyl groups; X is selected from NH, +22 and N-(R433+; R2and R4288 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain hydrocarbyl groups, and may be the same or different; R3122626 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain hydrocarbyl groups; and n is 1 or 2; and - (ii) a simple lithium soap thickener.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
• C10N 10/02 - Groups 1 or 11
• C10N 10/04 - Groups 2 or 12
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 40/02 - Bearings
• C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
• C10N 70/00 - Special methods of preparation

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (a) a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in a spark ignition internal combustion engine; and (b) a polybutene polymer; wherein the polybutene polymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 10,000 g/mol, wherein greater than 30% of the polymer molecules in the polybutene polymer have a terminal vinylidene group and wherein the polybutene polymer is present at a level from 500ppm to 5000ppm, by weight of the fuel composition. The fuel compositions of the present invention provide improved engine power and reduced burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

2222222222222-loaded solvent (80) in the electrochemical device (4) to an electrochemical reaction thereby obtaining a gas/liquid mixture (100); (g) separating the gas/liquid mixture (100) obtained in step (f) in a gas/liquid separator (5) thereby obtaining a gas stream (130) and a first liquid stream (140); (h) temporarily storing the first liquid stream (140) obtained in step (g) in a second tank (6); (i) recycling first liquid (160) from the second tank (6) to the contactor (2) for use as the liquid solvent (30) in step (b).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide

Abstract

An unloading valve, which allows fluid flow in a flow direction through the unloading valve up to a predetermined maximum flow rate, and which blocks fluid flow in a blocking direction. The unloading valve is specifically suited for use in a continuous gas lift system. It can be installed in a wellbore tubular by punching it into the wall of the wellbore tubular using a punch tool run within the tubular bore.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 34/08 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
• E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
• F16K 1/14 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with ball-shaped valve members
• F16K 15/04 - Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for producing ethylene, the process at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a CO-containing stream (10); (b) converting the CO-containing stream (10) provided in step (a) in an electrolyzer (2) thereby producing an ethylene-containing vapour stream (30) and an ethanol-containing liquid stream (40); (c) subjecting at least a part of the ethylene-containing vapour stream (30) obtained in step (b) to hydration thereby obtaining a first ethanol-enriched stream (90); (d) separating the first ethanol-enriched stream (90) obtained in step (c) thereby obtaining a second ethanol-enriched stream (110) and a water-enriched stream (120); and (e) subjecting the second ethanol-enriched stream (110) to dehydration thereby obtaining ethylene (140).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 3/03 - Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
• C25B 15/027 - Temperature
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C25B 3/25 - Reduction

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for estimating a total porosity of rock from a 3D image. The image is segmented to identify primary and secondary porosity. For primary porosity, segmentation identifies resolved pores and solid material having dimensions greater than or equal to voxel size. For secondary porosity, the impact of partial pores having a dimension less than voxel size and/or porous materials are determined. An image porosity based on the resolved pores of the segmented image is determined and a non-wetting liquid capillary pressure curve produced for calculating a resolved porosity correction factor. Secondary porosity system corrections are determined using a partial pore porosity correction factor and/or a porous matrix correction factor from a volume fraction of partial pores and/or porous material, respectively, identified in the segmented image. Saturation is calculated using the image porosity, the resolved porosity correction factor, and the secondary porosity correction factor(s).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06T 7/11 - Region-based segmentation
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06T 7/136 - Segmentation; Edge detection involving thresholding
• G06T 7/62 - Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene and/or diesel from a renewable feedstock involves hydrotreating a renewable feedstock and hydroisomerizing the hydrotreated liquid. The isomerized effluent is separated to produce an offgas stream, at least one fuel stream having a desired boiling point range, and a heavy fraction having a boiling point greater than the desired boiling point range. The heavy fraction is passed to a hydrocracking zone to produce a hydrocracked effluent. The hydrocracked effluent is passed to the hydroisomerization zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
• C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for capture of carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed stream. The process may include a direct air capture (DAC) unit comprising: a first and second inlet faces located on opposite sides of the DAC unit. A sorbent material may be located inside the DAC unit and at or behind each of the inlet faces. An outlet may be located at the top of the DAC unit and may provide an exit gaseous outlet stream. The exit gaseous outlet stream may have a flow that is produced by at least one fan. The process may include receiving a gaseous feed stream at the inlet faces. The gaseous feed stream may have an average CO2 concentration greater than 95% of the CO2 concentration of ambient air, by minimizing reingestion of the exit gaseous outlet stream, for any wind direction and any wind speed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for capture of carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed stream. The process may include a direct air capture unit comprising an inlet air section, a sorbent section, and an outlet air section. A gaseous feed stream may be received at the inlet air section and the feed stream may be contacted with a sorbent material in the sorbent section. An exit gaseous outlet stream may be provided from the outlet air section. The total pressure loss across the inlet and outlet air sections may be maintained at less than 200 Pa. The feed stream may have a volumetric flow within the sorbent section having a maximum and a minimum flow. The unit may include at least one structural element for maintaining the minimum flow to be within a range of 0-20% lower than the maximum flow over the entire sorbent section.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

22233 ratio of at least 25 and a group VIII metal.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins

Abstract

22213222133 gases, and the dust filter cake is disposed on an outer surface of the plurality of filter elements and includes the char and catalyst fines.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10K 1/02 - Dust removal
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01D 46/24 - Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam, comprising reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyether polyol component a) in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein polyether polyol component a) comprises: a1) a first polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 300 to 1,500 g/mol, a hydroxyl value of from 100 to 650 mg KOH/g and a propylene oxide content above 50 wt.%; and a2) a second polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 1,700 g/mol, a hydroxyl value of from 50 to 650 mg KOH/g, an ethylene oxide content above 30 wt.%, a propylene oxide content below 50 wt.% and a primary hydroxyl content below 40%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C09D 175/04 - Polyurethanes
• C09D 175/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers

Abstract

222222222222222222222222222S- enriched gas stream (90) is used as the suction fluid (50) in the ejector (3) in step (d).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

This invention provides a method for the analysis of deposits on a machine part during its use while lubricated with a lubricating composition, said method comprising the steps of: i) using a 3D scanner to create a 3D model of the machine part after use; ii) mounting the machine part on a means for rotation; iii) obtaining a digital microscope image of an initial section of the external surface of said machine part; iv) rotating the machine part about its central axis by a specific amount; v) obtaining a digital microscope image of a further section of the external surface of said machine part, said further section of the external surface overlapping with the initial section of the external surface of the machine part; vi) repeating steps iii) to v) until the whole external surface of the machine part has been imaged; vii) removing the overlapping sections of the digital microscope images and creating a single continuous image of the external surface of the machine part; viii) processing said single continuous image by assigning a value to each pixel in the image related to the presence of deposits therein and, optionally, the thickness of the deposits; and ix) applying the dataset obtained in step viii) to the 3D model created in step i) to produce an accurate 3D representation for visualisation and quantification of the deposits on the machine part.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

A process for the production of glycol from a saccharide-containing feedstock involves catalytically converting the saccharide-containing feedstock in the presence of a heterogenous hydrogenation catalyst and a homogeneous retro-aldol catalyst resulting in a glycol product. Effluent from the conversion zone is contacted with an ion exchange material to adsorb transition metal anions from the retro-aldol catalyst present in the effluent. Adsorbed transition metal anions are then desorbed from the ion exchange material and recycled to the conversion zone. After the contacting step, the effluent is separated into a product stream and a heavies fraction. The product stream is passed to a glycol recovery zone for recovering a purified glycol product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/80 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 29/76 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A piston having a chamber and a barrel disposed in and that may translocate within the chamber. The barrel includes a terminal end having a seal, and the seal has an annular ring having a first wall and a second wall, the second wall is orthogonal to and extends from the first wall such that a first portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a first direction and a second portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a second direction that is substantially opposite to the first direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes

Abstract

222133 gases, char, and fines. The hydropyrolysis reactor includes one or more deoxygenation catalysts. The system also includes a solid feedstock feeding system disposed upstream from and fluidly coupled to the hydropyrolysis reactor. The solid feedstock feeding system includes a piston feeder having an inlet, an outlet, at least one piston disposed between the inlet and the outlet, the at least one piston includes a chamber and a barrel disposed in and that may translocate within the chamber, the barrel includes a terminal end having a seal, and the seal includes an annular ring having a first wall and a second wall, the second wall is orthogonal to and extends from the first wall such that a first portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a first direction and a second portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a second direction that is substantially opposite from the first direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• F04B 53/14 - Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
• F16J 15/32 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing middle distillates from a feedstock comprising a residual hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and a hydrogen deficient feedstock. The process includes the steps of (a) deasphalting the residual hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to obtain a deasphalted product of which at least 50 wt% has a boiling point above 550 °C and an asphaltic product; (b) combining the deasphalted product with the hydrogen deficient feedstock to produce a mixed deasphalted product, wherein the hydrogen deficient feedstock has a hydrogen (H) content of at least 6 wt% to at most 11.3 wt%; (c) hydrodemetallizing at least part of the mixed deasphalted product from step (b) to produce a hydrodemetallized product; (d) hydrotreating at least part of the hydrodemetallized product from step (c) to produce a hydrotreated product; (e) hydrocracking at least part of the hydrotreated product from step (d) to produce a hydrocracked product; and (f) subjecting at least part of the hydrocracked product from step (e) to a separation treatment to produce at least a middle distillate fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• C10G 47/16 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 55/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural parallel stages only

Abstract

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising: a housing having an interior space; at least one heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and a working fluid disposed within the interior space such that at least part of the heat-generating component is in direct contact with the working fluid; wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one phase change material selected from micro- encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof. The present invention also provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising the steps of directly contacting at least part of the heat-generating component with a working fluid; and transferring the heat away from the heat-generating component using the working fluid wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one encapsulated phase change material selected from micro-encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 5/06 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice-versa
• H01M 10/6567 - Liquids

Abstract

An outer wellbore tubular, in which an inner tubular is arranged with an open annulus extending between the inner wellbore tubular and the outer wellbore tubular, is locally plastically expanded. Before expansion, a dilatant material is provided in the open annulus. When subsequently activating an energetic expander from within the inner wellbore tubular, at a location where the surrounding annulus is filled with the dilatant material, a local radial plastic deformation of the outer wellbore tubular can be effectuated. The dilatant material can subsequently be disposed from the annulus.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 29/02 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like

Abstract

222222222222222-enriched stream can exit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A method is provided for directly providing electrical power from a photovoltaic (PV) installation to electrical consumer. The method comprises (a) providing electrical power from the PV installation directly to the electrical consumer, where the PV installation comprises a first portion and a second portion; (b) determining whether current (I) output of the PV installation is below a threshold; and (c) if it is below the threshold, connecting at least one segment of the second portion of the PV installation to the electrical consumer; or (d) if it is determined that the current (I) output of the PV installation exceeds the threshold, disconnecting at least a connected segment of the second portion of the PV installation from the electrical consumer; and repeating steps (b) through (d) to maintain the current (I) output of the PV installation within a range of the threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Abstract

2222 2222222222222222-depleted monolith sorbent block (2) obtained in step (g).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam having a density lower than 30 kg/m3 which process comprises reacting, in the presence of a blowing agent: a) a polyisocyanate component; b) a polyether polyol component having a molecular weight of at least 1,000 g/mol and a functionality which is higher than 1.5 and lower than 2.5; and c) a chain extender component having a molecular weight of at most 500 g/mol and a functionality which is higher than 1.5 and lower than 2.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/66 - Compounds of groups , , or
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic

Abstract

This invention provides a process for improving the sustainability of a dual-fuel engine system operated with a first liquid fuel and a second gaseous fuel, said process comprising providing to the engine system an EN15940 compliant paraffinic gasoil as the first liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel selected from ammonia, methanol, hydrogen and methane based gas as the second gaseous fuel, and combusting said fuels in an internal combustion engine system, wherein exhaust gases from combusting said fuels are contacted with a methane oxidation catalyst provided in the exhaust system of said internal combustion engine system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• F02D 19/10 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
• F02B 69/04 - Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in group ; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
• F02D 19/06 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed

Abstract

An energetics tool is inserted downhole in a wellbore tubular, which has a string of at least two axially separated shaped charges. With this tool N axially separated circumferential dents are created, using a string of only M = (N+1)/2 axially separated charges. N is an odd number of 3 or higher. Two additional axially separated dents may be created for each additional axially separated shaped charge that is added to the string. For example, by simultaneously detonating two shaped charges, it is possible to create three axially separated dents. By simultaneously detonating three shaped charges that are axially separated from each other, it is possible to create five axially separated dents. The shaped charges are contained in charge housings that are mechanically interconnected with a longitudinal connecting rod. The shaped charges are simultaneously detonated, whereby pressure waves from neighboring shaped charges interact to cause the additional dents.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 29/02 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
• E21B 43/11 - Perforators; Permeators
• E21B 29/10 - Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• F42B 1/00 - Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
• B21D 26/08 - Shaping without cutting otherwise than by using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, e.g. shaping by applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion

Abstract

A computer-implemented approach has been developed to estimate corrosion rate (100) in a section of a pipe transmitting a corrosive substance. A trained surrogate model (60) is provided to output an estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) of the substance in the pipe section. The estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) is then fed into a computerized electrochemical model (80), together with electrochemical parameters (90) associated with the corrosive substance, which electrochemical model then determines an estimated corrosion rate (100) imposed on the pipe section by the corrosive substance. The surrogate model is trained using results of a full physics-based simulation. Once it has been trained, the surrogate model can generate the estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) much faster than the full physics-based simulation can.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
• G06F 30/28 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
• G06F 113/08 - Fluids
• G06F 113/14 - Pipes
• G06F 119/04 - Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing

Abstract

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in geophysical data sets involves dependency-training a first b ackpropagation-enabled process, followed by interdependency-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships for each input channel of a geophysical data set. Interdependency -training computes inter-feature and spatial relationships between each of the featurized input channels. The output conditional featurized input channels are fused to produce a combined representation of the conditional featurized input channels. The combined representation is inputted to a second backpropagation-enabled process to compute a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/09 - Supervised learning
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06N 3/045 - Combinations of networks
• G06N 3/0464 - Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]

Abstract

A process for producing styrene converts Z-phenylalanine using a first biocatalyst comprising a PAL enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodorotula glutinis EC 4.3.1.24) and a second biocatalyst comprising a Fdc1 enzyme (ferulic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger EC 4.1.1.102). The first and second biocatalysts are provided as whole-cell pellets or derivatives thereof. Styrene is produced by converting the L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid with the first biocatalyst and converting the trans-cinnamic acid to styrene with the second biocatalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 1/20 - Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• C12R 1/19 - Escherichia coli
• C12R 1/685 - Aspergillus niger

Abstract

An isomerization catalyst composition includes an alumina based catalyst, wherein the alumina based catalyst has a pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 5% of Total Pore Volume, a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume, a median pore diameter by volume of less than 200 Å, a water pore volume of less than 1.2 cc/g and a surface area of greater than 130 m2/g. The isomerization catalyst composition may include Group I cations, Group II cations and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/92 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation

Abstract

For use in a disproportionation reactor, a composition being an alumina based catalyst having less than about 12 wt% of a Group VI metal and from about 0 to about 10 wt % of a Group 14 metal. In some embodiments, the composition has the following characteristics: a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume ranging from about 55 to about 95 Å; a water pore volume ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0 cc/g; a surface area of greater than 200 m2/g. In some embodiments, the Group 14 metal is silicon. In some embodiments, the amount of silicon ranges from about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, the Group 6 metal is molybdenum. In some embodiments, the amount of molybdenum ranges from about 2 to about 10 wt%.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

Prior to reaction in an isomerization unit, the feed may be purified by contact with a composition comprising an alumina based catalyst including Group I or Group II cations or combinations thereof in a range from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% Group I or Group II cations. In some embodiments, the alumina based catalyst has one or more of the following properties: pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 15% of Total Pore Volume; a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume of less than 120 Å; a water pore volume of less than 1.10 cc/g; and a surface area of greater than 160 m2/g.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

A process for the production of glycol from a saccharide-containing feedstock in the presence a catalyst system having a retro-aldol catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst has a conditioning step for the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst is conditioned with a treatment solution comprising a conditioning retro-aldol catalyst in the absence of the saccharide-containing feedstock. Thereafter, the saccharide-containing feedstock and a catalytic retro-aldol catalyst are introduced to the reactor containing the conditioned hydrogenation catalyst, and glycol is produced by hydrogenolysis of the saccharide-containing feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 25/02 - Raney nickel

Abstract

This invention provides a method for extending the life of a lubricant composition, said lubricant composition comprising one or more base oils and one or more additives, wherein at least one of the additive is a depleting additive, said method comprising: i. determining the amount of the one or more depleting additives required for a desired extended lifetime of the lubricant composition, wherein said extended lifetime is longer than the standard lifetime of said lubricant composition; ii. providing a first portion of said one or more depleting additives to the fresh lubricant composition; and iii. providing the remainder of the amount of the one or more depleting additives in two or more portions spread over the standard lifetime of the lubricant composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
• F01M 9/02 - Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having means for introducing additives to lubricant

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for purification of a polyether polyol which is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide in the presence of an initiator having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms and a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, has a number average molecular weight of at most 10,000 g/mol and contains ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) components having molecular weights of at least 3 times the number average molecular weight, said process comprising filtering the polyether polyol with a membrane having an average pore size of from 0.5 to 80 nm to produce a permeate comprising a purified polyether polyol containing a reduced amount of UHMW components. Further, the invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol from the purified polyether polyol; and to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/30 - Post-polymerisation treatment, e.g. recovery, purification, drying
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

An HVDC system comprising an AC/DC converter sub-system electrically connected to a renewable energy equipment and a VSC sub-system is provided. A method comprises operating the renewable energy equipment to function as a voltage source to energize an HVDC link between the AC/DC converter sub-system and the VSC sub-system; operating the VSC sub-system as a voltage source to energize at least one electrical load electrically connected thereto; if it is determined that the power production rate of the renewable energy equipment is not within a designated parameter, operating the equipment to follow the VSC sub-system such that controlling the AC electric power output influences the power production rate. If it is within the designated parameter, operating the VSC sub-system to follow the renewable energy equipment such that the VSC sub-system adjusts the properties of its AC electric output to match the properties of the electric power generated by the renewable energy equipment.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a mixturecomprising a macromer, said process comprising: providing amacromer which is prepared from a polyether polyol P1,wherein said macromer additionally comprises a moiety whichcontains an ethylenic unsaturation and which is attached tothe oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group of polyether polyol P1,wherein the relative amount of the ethylenic unsaturation isof from greater than 0.6 to less than 1.8 mol per mol ofmacromer; and mixing the macromer with a diluent in a weightratio of macromer to diluent of from 1:99 to 99:1. Further,the present invention relates to a process for preparing apolymer polyol using said mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/30 - Low-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/63 - Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C08K 5/54 - Silicon-containing compounds
• C08L 25/08 - Copolymers of styrene
• C08L 25/12 - Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
• C08L 75/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers
• C08G 18/71 - Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates

Abstract

A process for producing a liquid hydrocarbon from renewable sources includes combining first and second liquids, where the first liquid is produced by hydrotreating a first renewable source and the second liquid is produced by hydropyrolyzing a second renewable source. The first liquid has a n-paraffin content greater than or equal to 50 wt.%, while the second liquid has an aromatic content greater than or equal to 5 wt.%. The combined liquid has a first n-paraffin content and a first aromatic content before being subjected to a hydrogenation catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydrodearomatization reaction, and a hydroisomerization catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydroisomerization reaction. The resulting liquid hydrocarbon has a second n-paraffin content that is less than the first n-paraffin content and a second aromatic content that is less than the first aromatic content.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
• C10G 65/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Embodiments described herein provide a method for cleaning a reactor during the oligomerization of ethylene to one or more linear alpha-olefins. The method includes: a) reacting ethylene to produce one or more linear alpha-olefins via oligomerization by contacting ethylene in a liquid solvent phase comprising a solution of an oligomerization catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 25° to 150°C until a heat transfer coefficient of the reactor intercoolers is in the range of from about 100 to about 160 BTU/hr/ft2/°F and/or until a pressure drop across the reactor intercoolers increases by about 25%; b) reducing the flowrate of the oligomerization catalyst solution; c) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a range from about 125 to 145°C to place a polymer product produced in step a) into a phase comprising one or more linear alpha-olefins; d) returning the reactor to the conditions of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers

Abstract

A process for carbon capture and sequestration by injection of liquefied biomass in a subsurface formation having a porous medium. A carbon-containing biomass is transformed into a liquid bio-oil. A liquid bio-oil injection rate is determined based on viscosity of the liquid bio-oil, the in-situ formation pressure, the reservoir transmissibility of the subsurface formation, and/or the mobility of the in-situ reservoir fluids. The liquid bio-oil is injected into the subsurface formation via a wellbore in the subsurface formation at an injection pressure sufficient to cause fracturing of a portion of the subsurface formation proximate the wellbore, thereby sequestering carbon in the subsurface formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/594 - Compositions used in combination with injected gas
• B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• B09B 5/00 - Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

Abstract

A downhole injection tool for injecting a treatment fluid in a space surrounding a downhole tubular installed in a borehole in the Earth is based on an elongate tool housing extending around a central longitudinal tool axis. At least two stings are provided, each having a fluid channel. At least two treatment fluid cannisters are provided in the downhole injection tool, for holding the treatment fluid that is to be injected. A first cannister of the at least two treatment fluid cannisters is fluidly connected with the exterior of the tool housing via a first sting of the at least two stings, but not via a second sting of the at least two stings. A second cannister of the at least two treatment fluid cannisters is fluidly connected with the exterior of the tool housing via the second sting, but not via the first sting.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 27/02 - Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means

Abstract

A downhole tool, with an elongate tool housing that extends around a central longitudinal tool axis, houses a sting, a press device, and a bending arm. The sting is movable in a radially outward direction. The press device acts on the sting, to force the sting in the radially outward direction upon relative movement of the press device, in longitudinal direction, with respect to the sting whereby the sting may extend outside the tool housing. The sting is mounted on a distal end of the bending arm. At its proximal end the bending arm is longitudinally secured stationary relative to the tool housing. The sting and the distal end of the bending arm are movable in unison in a longitudinal-radial plane from the central longitudinal tool axis. The downhole tool can be used to perforate a wall of a downhole tubular arranged within a borehole in the Earth.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 27/02 - Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

A process for separating a target glycol from a mixture of the target glycol and one or more C2-C8 diols by distillation, involves providing a feed mixture comprising the target glycol and a C2-C8 diol. A water feed stream is directed to a bottom of a first distillation column operating at a temperature greater than or equal to 180°C to separate a first overhead stream comprising a first portion of the target glycol and a first bottoms stream comprising the C2-C8 diol. In a second distillation column, a second overhead stream comprising a second portion of the target glycol is separated from a second bottoms stream comprising the C2-C8 diol. The feed mixture is directed to one of the first distillation column and the second distillation column. The first overhead stream is passed to a reboiler of the second distillation column to transfer heat from the first overhead stream to a portion of the second bottoms stream recycled to the second distillation column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A downhole tool (1) is provided for plugging a hole in a wall of a downhole tubular (11). The tool has a tool housing (3) and a sting (7) arranged within the tool housing. The sting is moved in radially outward direction from the tool from a retracted position to an expanded position. A distal end of the sting plugs the hole in the wall of the downhole tubular. A spring blade (5) is arranged on the tool housing and in a trajectory of the sting. The sting (7) can extend from the tool housing through the spring blade (5), when the sting is in expanded position, whereby the distal end of the sting is exposed at the outward facing side of the spring blade. The spring blade is configured to be pressed elastically towards the tool housing by the wall of the downhole tubular pushing against an outward facing surface of the spring blade.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
• E21B 17/10 - Wear protectors; Centralising devices

Abstract

This invention provides processes and systems for the regeneration of a supported sorbent material for use indirect air capture of carbon dioxide from air. The process comprises the steps of introducing a stream of regenerating gas or vapour to the supported sorbent in a first direction thereby defining an axis of flow; and collecting the stream of regenerating gas or vapour and recycling it through the supported sorbent at least one or even multiple further times, wherein the supported sorbent comprises an amount of adsorbed carbon dioxide that is released upon exposure to the stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/96 - Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bayonet fitting (1) comprising a head section (2), a base section (3), and a clamping section (13) as a single contiguous piece; the head section (2) comprises a cylindrical core (5) protruding along the longitudinal axis; the base section (3) comprises a flat outer facing side (9) and a convex inner facing side (8), from which the cylindrical core (5) protrudes, and which comprises more than one protuberance (7); the cylindrical core (5) comprises more than one flange (6) protruding radially from the cylindrical core (5) and comprising the clamping section (13) and an apex (14) pointing towards the inner facing side (8).The invention also relates to a bayonet assembly (20) and to the use of the bayonet fitting, as well as of the bayonet assembly, for the reversible attachment of internals within reactor vessels, distillation columns and mass transfer units.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16B 5/10 - Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of bayonet connections
• F16B 21/04 - Releasable fastening devices locking by rotation with bayonet catch
• F16B 35/06 - Specially-shaped heads

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for converting plastics waste into pyrolysis oil for feeding to a steam cracker comprising the steps of : pre-washing a stream of comminuted waste plastics in a washing liquid comprising washing water and caustic solution; separating the pre-washed comminuted waste plastics to provide a stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste; thermally cracking the stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste to produce a vaporised hydrocarbon stream; condensing the vaporised hydrocarbon stream into a liquid hydrocarbon stream and gaseous hydrocarbon stream; washing the liquid hydrocarbon stream with caustic solution; separating the liquid hydrocarbon stream from the caustic solution to produce a stream of caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon and a stream of spent caustic solution; and rinsing the caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon stream with water; separating the rinsed liquid hydrocarbon stream from the rinsing water to produce a stream of pyrolysis oil for further processing by steam cracking and a stream of spent water. The streams of spent water and spent caustic solution are utilised in several of the upstream steps in an integrated process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

This invention provides systems and processes for operating systems that can operate continuously to remove carbon dioxide from an atmosphere under power from a wide range of intermittent renewable energy sources.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

This invention provides direct air capture (DAC) systems and processes for operating such systems that can operate continuously to remove carbon dioxide from an atmosphere under power from a wide range of intermittent renewable energy sources, and which is supplemented with recycled or excess energy derived from a parallel industrial process.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A biofuel includes a mixture having a gasoil generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose and an isomerized hydroprocessed ester and fatty acid (HEFA) generated from hydrotreating a renewable resource having fats and oils. The gasoil has a cetane index less than 46 and at least 10 parts per million weight (ppmw) of a heteroatom and a cetane index of the biofuel is greater than 46.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

A biofuel includes a mixture of a gasoil generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose. The gasoil has a cetane index less than 46. The biofuel also includes a hydroprocessed ester fatty acid (HEFA) generated from hydrotreating a renewable resource having fats and oils. A cetane index of the biofuel is greater than 46.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

This invention provides an aviation fuel composition comprising: a cycloparaffinic kerosene generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose, wherein the cycloparaffinic kerosene comprises at least 90 vol% cycloparaffins and less than 1 vol% aromatics; a paraffinic-based kerosene comprising normal and iso-paraffins in an amount of greater than 95%; and optionally, a petroleum-derived kerosene.The aviation fuel composition of the present invention provides an environmentally-friendly fuel while providing improved lubricity and low temperature viscosity properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (i) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (ii) a blend of a first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and a second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate each have the formula (I) or (II) below, or are an isomeric mixture of formula (I) and (II) below: where R is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl group; and wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate is different from the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate. The fuel compositions of the present invention have been found to provide a synergistic reduction in engine wear.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear

Abstract

22223224222;and the ester obtained is reacted with a polyol, preferably glycerine to form a polyester, preferably the polyester is a hydrogel.The present disclosure further relates to the use of a hydrogel which is obtainable by said method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 63/06 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
• C08G 63/78 - Preparation processes
• A01G 18/00 - Cultivation of mushrooms
• C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
• A01G 24/35 - Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid
• C09K 17/00 - Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
• C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds

Abstract

22); b) heating the feed stream (10) provided in step a) in a first heat exchanger (3) thereby obtaining a first heated feed stream (20); c) introducing the first heated feed stream (20) into a first RWGS reactor (2) and subjecting it to a first catalytic RWGS reaction, thereby obtaining a first syngas containing stream (30); d) cooling the first syngas containing stream (30) obtained in step c) in the first heat exchanger (3) against the feed stream (10) provided in step a), thereby obtaining a first cooled syngas stream (40); e) separating the first cooled syngas stream (40) obtained in step d) in a first gas/liquid separator (6) thereby obtaining a first water-enriched stream (60) and a first water-depleted syngas stream (50); f) heating the first water-depleted syngas stream (50) obtained in step e) in a second heat exchanger (13) thereby obtaining a heated first water-depleted syngas stream (70); g) introducing the heated first water-depleted syngas stream (70) obtained in step f) into a second RWGS reactor (12) and subjecting it to a second catalytic RWGS reaction, thereby obtaining a second syngas containing stream (80); h) cooling the second syngas containing stream (80) obtained in step g) in the second heat exchanger (13) against the first water-depleted syngas (50) stream obtained in step e), thereby obtaining a second cooled syngas stream (90); i) separating the second cooled syngas stream (90) obtained in step h) in a second gas/liquid separator (16) thereby obtaining a second water-enriched stream (110) and a second water-depleted syngas stream (100); j ) separating the second water-depleted syngas stream (100) obtained in step i) in a CO2 removal unit (8) thereby obtaining a CO2-enriched stream (120) and a CO2- depleted syngas stream (130); k) combining the CO2-enriched stream (120) obtained in step j) with the feed stream (10) provided in step a) and/or the first water-depleted syngas stream (50) obtained in step e); wherein the temperature of the first syngas containing stream (30) obtained in step c) and the second syngas containing stream (80) obtained in step g) is kept below 600°C, preferably below 550°C; and wherein the first and the second RWGS reactors (2,3) each comprise a multi-tubular reactor heated by molten salt circulating around the tubes of the multi-tubular reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene from a renewable feedstock involves directing a hydroprocessed liquid stream to a lead stripper to separate a lead stripper bottoms stream and a lead stripper overhead stream comprising naphtha, lower and higher boiling point range hydrocarbons and water. Bulk water is removed from the lead stripper overhead stream resulting in an unstabilized hydrocarbon stream, which is passed to a stabilization column to separate a stabilized naphtha-containing stream from the lower boiling point range hydrocarbons. The stabilized naphtha-containing stream is passed to a rectification column to separate a rectification bottoms stream and a naphtha product stream. Kerosene and diesel boiling range product streams are separated from the lead stripper bottoms stream in a vacuum fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents
• C10G 7/02 - Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene from a renewable feedstock involves directing a to a lead stripper to separate a lead stripper bottoms stream comprising naphtha and higher boiling point range hydrocarbons and a lead stripper overhead stream. The lead stripper bottoms stream is passed to a naphtha recovery column to separate a vapor stream comprising naphtha and water in an overhead stream from a heavy hydrocarbon product stream. The vapor stream is condensed and water is removed to produce a product naphtha stream. Kerosene and diesel boiling point range product streams are separated from the heavy hydrocarbon product stream in a vacuum fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents

Abstract

A process for producing kerosene involves reacting a renewable feedstock in a hydroprocessing section under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a hydroprocessing reaction to produce a hydroprocessed effluent. The hydroprocessed effluent is separated to produce a hydroprocessed liquid stream and a separation system offgas stream. The hydroprocessed liquid stream is directed to a work-up section where gases are stripped to produce a stripped liquid product stream and a stripper offgas stream. A gas stream comprising the separation system offgas stream and/or the stripper offgas stream are directed to a gas-handling section to obtain a pressurized gas stream and a hydrocarbon fraction that is liquid at a pressure in a range from 0 - 1.5 MPaG and a temperature in a range from 0 to 50C. The hydrocarbon fraction is recycled to the work-up section. A kerosene stream separated in the product recovery unit has a higher yield compared to conventional processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents

Abstract

A process for the preparation of a catalyst composition, which process comprises : forming a carrier from a mixture comprising a pentasil zeolite, one or more porous refractory oxide binders selected from alumina, amorphous silica-alumina, aluminum phosphate, magnesia, chromia, titania, boria and silica, and an aqueous solution of a zirconia precursor, and impregnating said carrier with metal dopants comprising one or more Group 10 metals selected from platinum, palladium and mixtures thereof in a total amount in the range of from 0. 001 to 1 wt. % and, optionally, in the range of from 0. 01 to 0. 5 wt. % tin, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition; a catalyst composition prepared by said process; and a process for the use of said catalyst composition in xylene isomerisation are provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 29/44 - Noble metals
• C07C 4/18 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

The disclosure provides a method for vessel maintenance optimization, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining operational data of the vessel; calculating a Torque Index;calculating a Slip Index; indicating that propeller cleaning is required if the Torque Index exceeds a Torque Index threshold, and indicating that hull cleaning is required if the Slip Index exceeds a Slip Index threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• B63B 59/04 - Preventing hull fouling
• B63B 79/10 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using sensors, e.g. pressure sensors, strain gauges or accelerometers
• B63B 79/20 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using models or simulation, e.g. statistical models or stochastic models
• B63B 79/30 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for diagnosing, testing or predicting the integrity or performance of vessels
• B63B 81/00 - Repairing or maintaining vessels

Abstract

Use of (a) an amino-based deposit control additive; and (b) a complex ester obtainable by an esterification reaction between (A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C2 to C12 dicarboxylic acid, (B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxy groups and (c) as a chain stopping agent (C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C1-C30 monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or (C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C1-C30 alcohol in case of an excess of component (A); in a gasoline fuel composition for the purpose of providing a synergistic reduction in engine wear in a spark ignition internal combustion engine fuelled with said gasoline fuel composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 1/2383 - Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam having a resilience of at least 40%, comprising reacting a polyether polyol component (a) and a polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and a foam stabiliser component (b), wherein polyether polyol component (a) comprises (a) (i) a polyether polyol which has a molecular weight lower than 4,500 g/mole and is prepared by ringopening polymerization of an alkylene oxide in the presence of an initiator having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms and a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, and (a) (ii) a polyether polyol which has a molecular weight of 4,500 g/mole or higher and which has a primary hydroxyl content of at least 30%; and foam stabiliser component (b) comprises foam stabilisers (b) (i) and (b) (ii) which are organosilicone surfactants comprising a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer, wherein the weight ratio of (b) (i) to (b) (ii) is at most 0.5:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/16 - Catalysts
• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/20 - Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/32 - Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxy amines
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/63 - Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
• C08G 18/66 - Compounds of groups , , or
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C08K 5/5419 - Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
• C08L 75/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers

Abstract

This invention provides a thermal energy storage device (100) comprising a powder bed (110), at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303), and at least one heat transfer tube (200). The powder bed (110) has an electrical resistivity in a range of 500-50,000 Qm. The at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303) are embedded in the powder bed (110) and arranged to heat the powder bed (110) by providing a voltage between the electrodes (301, 302, 303). The at least one heat transfer tube (200) is arranged to contain a heat transfer fluid and has an inlet (210) and an outlet (220) connectable to a thermal energy consumer (30). The heat transfer tube (200) and the powder bed (110) are thermally coupled via an electrically insulating material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or

Abstract

This invention relates to a containment system for storing liquid hydrogen (3), comprising one or more walls forming a containment space (2). At least one of the one or more walls comprises an inner barrier layer (11), an outer barrier layer (12) and one or more spacer elements (14) disposed between the inner barrier layer (11) and the outer barrier layer (12) to separate the first and second barrier layers (11, 12), thereby creating space for a vacuum layer (13) in between the inner and outer barrier layers (11, 12). The outer barrier layer (12) is made of cryogenic ice having a temperature of below minus 150°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 1/12 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation