Abstract

This invention provides a process for improving the sustainability of a dual-fuel engine system operated with a first liquid fuel and a second gaseous fuel, said process comprising providing to the engine system an EN15940 compliant paraffinic gasoil as the first liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel selected from ammonia, methanol, hydrogen and methane based gas as the second gaseous fuel, and combusting said fuels in an internal combustion engine system, wherein exhaust gases from combusting said fuels are contacted with a methane oxidation catalyst provided in the exhaust system of said internal combustion engine system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• F02D 19/10 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
• F02B 69/04 - Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in group ; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
• F02D 19/06 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed

Abstract

An energetics tool is inserted downhole in a wellbore tubular, which has a string of at least two axially separated shaped charges. With this tool N axially separated circumferential dents are created, using a string of only M = (N+1)/2 axially separated charges. N is an odd number of 3 or higher. Two additional axially separated dents may be created for each additional axially separated shaped charge that is added to the string. For example, by simultaneously detonating two shaped charges, it is possible to create three axially separated dents. By simultaneously detonating three shaped charges that are axially separated from each other, it is possible to create five axially separated dents. The shaped charges are contained in charge housings that are mechanically interconnected with a longitudinal connecting rod. The shaped charges are simultaneously detonated, whereby pressure waves from neighboring shaped charges interact to cause the additional dents.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 29/02 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
• E21B 43/11 - Perforators; Permeators
• E21B 29/10 - Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• F42B 1/00 - Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
• B21D 26/08 - Shaping without cutting otherwise than by using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, e.g. shaping by applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion

Abstract

A computer-implemented approach has been developed to estimate corrosion rate (100) in a section of a pipe transmitting a corrosive substance. A trained surrogate model (60) is provided to output an estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) of the substance in the pipe section. The estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) is then fed into a computerized electrochemical model (80), together with electrochemical parameters (90) associated with the corrosive substance, which electrochemical model then determines an estimated corrosion rate (100) imposed on the pipe section by the corrosive substance. The surrogate model is trained using results of a full physics-based simulation. Once it has been trained, the surrogate model can generate the estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) much faster than the full physics-based simulation can.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
• G06F 30/28 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
• G06F 113/08 - Fluids
• G06F 113/14 - Pipes
• G06F 119/04 - Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing

Abstract

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in geophysical data sets involves dependency-training a first b ackpropagation-enabled process, followed by interdependency-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships for each input channel of a geophysical data set. Interdependency -training computes inter-feature and spatial relationships between each of the featurized input channels. The output conditional featurized input channels are fused to produce a combined representation of the conditional featurized input channels. The combined representation is inputted to a second backpropagation-enabled process to compute a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/09 - Supervised learning
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06N 3/045 - Combinations of networks
• G06N 3/0464 - Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]

Abstract

A process for producing styrene converts Z-phenylalanine using a first biocatalyst comprising a PAL enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodorotula glutinis EC 4.3.1.24) and a second biocatalyst comprising a Fdc1 enzyme (ferulic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger EC 4.1.1.102). The first and second biocatalysts are provided as whole-cell pellets or derivatives thereof. Styrene is produced by converting the L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid with the first biocatalyst and converting the trans-cinnamic acid to styrene with the second biocatalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 1/20 - Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• C12R 1/19 - Escherichia coli
• C12R 1/685 - Aspergillus niger

Abstract

An isomerization catalyst composition includes an alumina based catalyst, wherein the alumina based catalyst has a pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 5% of Total Pore Volume, a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume, a median pore diameter by volume of less than 200 Å, a water pore volume of less than 1.2 cc/g and a surface area of greater than 130 m2/g. The isomerization catalyst composition may include Group I cations, Group II cations and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/92 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation

Abstract

For use in a disproportionation reactor, a composition being an alumina based catalyst having less than about 12 wt% of a Group VI metal and from about 0 to about 10 wt % of a Group 14 metal. In some embodiments, the composition has the following characteristics: a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume ranging from about 55 to about 95 Å; a water pore volume ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0 cc/g; a surface area of greater than 200 m2/g. In some embodiments, the Group 14 metal is silicon. In some embodiments, the amount of silicon ranges from about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, the Group 6 metal is molybdenum. In some embodiments, the amount of molybdenum ranges from about 2 to about 10 wt%.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

Prior to reaction in an isomerization unit, the feed may be purified by contact with a composition comprising an alumina based catalyst including Group I or Group II cations or combinations thereof in a range from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% Group I or Group II cations. In some embodiments, the alumina based catalyst has one or more of the following properties: pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 15% of Total Pore Volume; a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume of less than 120 Å; a water pore volume of less than 1.10 cc/g; and a surface area of greater than 160 m2/g.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

A process for the production of glycol from a saccharide-containing feedstock in the presence a catalyst system having a retro-aldol catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst has a conditioning step for the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst is conditioned with a treatment solution comprising a conditioning retro-aldol catalyst in the absence of the saccharide-containing feedstock. Thereafter, the saccharide-containing feedstock and a catalytic retro-aldol catalyst are introduced to the reactor containing the conditioned hydrogenation catalyst, and glycol is produced by hydrogenolysis of the saccharide-containing feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 25/02 - Raney nickel

Abstract

This invention provides a method for extending the life of a lubricant composition, said lubricant composition comprising one or more base oils and one or more additives, wherein at least one of the additive is a depleting additive, said method comprising: i. determining the amount of the one or more depleting additives required for a desired extended lifetime of the lubricant composition, wherein said extended lifetime is longer than the standard lifetime of said lubricant composition; ii. providing a first portion of said one or more depleting additives to the fresh lubricant composition; and iii. providing the remainder of the amount of the one or more depleting additives in two or more portions spread over the standard lifetime of the lubricant composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
• F01M 9/02 - Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having means for introducing additives to lubricant

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for purification of a polyether polyol which is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide in the presence of an initiator having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms and a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, has a number average molecular weight of at most 10,000 g/mol and contains ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) components having molecular weights of at least 3 times the number average molecular weight, said process comprising filtering the polyether polyol with a membrane having an average pore size of from 0.5 to 80 nm to produce a permeate comprising a purified polyether polyol containing a reduced amount of UHMW components. Further, the invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol from the purified polyether polyol; and to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/30 - Post-polymerisation treatment, e.g. recovery, purification, drying
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

An HVDC system comprising an AC/DC converter sub-system electrically connected to a renewable energy equipment and a VSC sub-system is provided. A method comprises operating the renewable energy equipment to function as a voltage source to energize an HVDC link between the AC/DC converter sub-system and the VSC sub-system; operating the VSC sub-system as a voltage source to energize at least one electrical load electrically connected thereto; if it is determined that the power production rate of the renewable energy equipment is not within a designated parameter, operating the equipment to follow the VSC sub-system such that controlling the AC electric power output influences the power production rate. If it is within the designated parameter, operating the VSC sub-system to follow the renewable energy equipment such that the VSC sub-system adjusts the properties of its AC electric output to match the properties of the electric power generated by the renewable energy equipment.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a mixturecomprising a macromer, said process comprising: providing amacromer which is prepared from a polyether polyol P1,wherein said macromer additionally comprises a moiety whichcontains an ethylenic unsaturation and which is attached tothe oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group of polyether polyol P1,wherein the relative amount of the ethylenic unsaturation isof from greater than 0.6 to less than 1.8 mol per mol ofmacromer; and mixing the macromer with a diluent in a weightratio of macromer to diluent of from 1:99 to 99:1. Further,the present invention relates to a process for preparing apolymer polyol using said mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/30 - Low-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/63 - Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C08K 5/54 - Silicon-containing compounds
• C08L 25/08 - Copolymers of styrene
• C08L 25/12 - Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
• C08L 75/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers
• C08G 18/71 - Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates

Abstract

A process for producing a liquid hydrocarbon from renewable sources includes combining first and second liquids, where the first liquid is produced by hydrotreating a first renewable source and the second liquid is produced by hydropyrolyzing a second renewable source. The first liquid has a n-paraffin content greater than or equal to 50 wt.%, while the second liquid has an aromatic content greater than or equal to 5 wt.%. The combined liquid has a first n-paraffin content and a first aromatic content before being subjected to a hydrogenation catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydrodearomatization reaction, and a hydroisomerization catalyst and conditions sufficient to cause a hydroisomerization reaction. The resulting liquid hydrocarbon has a second n-paraffin content that is less than the first n-paraffin content and a second aromatic content that is less than the first aromatic content.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
• C10G 65/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Embodiments described herein provide a method for cleaning a reactor during the oligomerization of ethylene to one or more linear alpha-olefins. The method includes: a) reacting ethylene to produce one or more linear alpha-olefins via oligomerization by contacting ethylene in a liquid solvent phase comprising a solution of an oligomerization catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 25° to 150°C until a heat transfer coefficient of the reactor intercoolers is in the range of from about 100 to about 160 BTU/hr/ft2/°F and/or until a pressure drop across the reactor intercoolers increases by about 25%; b) reducing the flowrate of the oligomerization catalyst solution; c) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a range from about 125 to 145°C to place a polymer product produced in step a) into a phase comprising one or more linear alpha-olefins; d) returning the reactor to the conditions of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers

Abstract

A process for carbon capture and sequestration by injection of liquefied biomass in a subsurface formation having a porous medium. A carbon-containing biomass is transformed into a liquid bio-oil. A liquid bio-oil injection rate is determined based on viscosity of the liquid bio-oil, the in-situ formation pressure, the reservoir transmissibility of the subsurface formation, and/or the mobility of the in-situ reservoir fluids. The liquid bio-oil is injected into the subsurface formation via a wellbore in the subsurface formation at an injection pressure sufficient to cause fracturing of a portion of the subsurface formation proximate the wellbore, thereby sequestering carbon in the subsurface formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/594 - Compositions used in combination with injected gas
• B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• B09B 5/00 - Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

Abstract

A downhole injection tool for injecting a treatment fluid in a space surrounding a downhole tubular installed in a borehole in the Earth is based on an elongate tool housing extending around a central longitudinal tool axis. At least two stings are provided, each having a fluid channel. At least two treatment fluid cannisters are provided in the downhole injection tool, for holding the treatment fluid that is to be injected. A first cannister of the at least two treatment fluid cannisters is fluidly connected with the exterior of the tool housing via a first sting of the at least two stings, but not via a second sting of the at least two stings. A second cannister of the at least two treatment fluid cannisters is fluidly connected with the exterior of the tool housing via the second sting, but not via the first sting.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 27/02 - Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means

Abstract

A downhole tool, with an elongate tool housing that extends around a central longitudinal tool axis, houses a sting, a press device, and a bending arm. The sting is movable in a radially outward direction. The press device acts on the sting, to force the sting in the radially outward direction upon relative movement of the press device, in longitudinal direction, with respect to the sting whereby the sting may extend outside the tool housing. The sting is mounted on a distal end of the bending arm. At its proximal end the bending arm is longitudinally secured stationary relative to the tool housing. The sting and the distal end of the bending arm are movable in unison in a longitudinal-radial plane from the central longitudinal tool axis. The downhole tool can be used to perforate a wall of a downhole tubular arranged within a borehole in the Earth.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 27/02 - Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

A process for separating a target glycol from a mixture of the target glycol and one or more C2-C8 diols by distillation, involves providing a feed mixture comprising the target glycol and a C2-C8 diol. A water feed stream is directed to a bottom of a first distillation column operating at a temperature greater than or equal to 180°C to separate a first overhead stream comprising a first portion of the target glycol and a first bottoms stream comprising the C2-C8 diol. In a second distillation column, a second overhead stream comprising a second portion of the target glycol is separated from a second bottoms stream comprising the C2-C8 diol. The feed mixture is directed to one of the first distillation column and the second distillation column. The first overhead stream is passed to a reboiler of the second distillation column to transfer heat from the first overhead stream to a portion of the second bottoms stream recycled to the second distillation column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A downhole tool (1) is provided for plugging a hole in a wall of a downhole tubular (11). The tool has a tool housing (3) and a sting (7) arranged within the tool housing. The sting is moved in radially outward direction from the tool from a retracted position to an expanded position. A distal end of the sting plugs the hole in the wall of the downhole tubular. A spring blade (5) is arranged on the tool housing and in a trajectory of the sting. The sting (7) can extend from the tool housing through the spring blade (5), when the sting is in expanded position, whereby the distal end of the sting is exposed at the outward facing side of the spring blade. The spring blade is configured to be pressed elastically towards the tool housing by the wall of the downhole tubular pushing against an outward facing surface of the spring blade.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
• E21B 17/10 - Wear protectors; Centralising devices

Abstract

This invention provides processes and systems for the regeneration of a supported sorbent material for use indirect air capture of carbon dioxide from air. The process comprises the steps of introducing a stream of regenerating gas or vapour to the supported sorbent in a first direction thereby defining an axis of flow; and collecting the stream of regenerating gas or vapour and recycling it through the supported sorbent at least one or even multiple further times, wherein the supported sorbent comprises an amount of adsorbed carbon dioxide that is released upon exposure to the stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/96 - Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bayonet fitting (1) comprising a head section (2), a base section (3), and a clamping section (13) as a single contiguous piece; the head section (2) comprises a cylindrical core (5) protruding along the longitudinal axis; the base section (3) comprises a flat outer facing side (9) and a convex inner facing side (8), from which the cylindrical core (5) protrudes, and which comprises more than one protuberance (7); the cylindrical core (5) comprises more than one flange (6) protruding radially from the cylindrical core (5) and comprising the clamping section (13) and an apex (14) pointing towards the inner facing side (8).The invention also relates to a bayonet assembly (20) and to the use of the bayonet fitting, as well as of the bayonet assembly, for the reversible attachment of internals within reactor vessels, distillation columns and mass transfer units.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16B 5/10 - Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of bayonet connections
• F16B 21/04 - Releasable fastening devices locking by rotation with bayonet catch
• F16B 35/06 - Specially-shaped heads

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for converting plastics waste into pyrolysis oil for feeding to a steam cracker comprising the steps of : pre-washing a stream of comminuted waste plastics in a washing liquid comprising washing water and caustic solution; separating the pre-washed comminuted waste plastics to provide a stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste; thermally cracking the stream of polyolefin-enriched washed comminuted plastics waste to produce a vaporised hydrocarbon stream; condensing the vaporised hydrocarbon stream into a liquid hydrocarbon stream and gaseous hydrocarbon stream; washing the liquid hydrocarbon stream with caustic solution; separating the liquid hydrocarbon stream from the caustic solution to produce a stream of caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon and a stream of spent caustic solution; and rinsing the caustic-washed liquid hydrocarbon stream with water; separating the rinsed liquid hydrocarbon stream from the rinsing water to produce a stream of pyrolysis oil for further processing by steam cracking and a stream of spent water. The streams of spent water and spent caustic solution are utilised in several of the upstream steps in an integrated process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 19/02 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

This invention provides systems and processes for operating systems that can operate continuously to remove carbon dioxide from an atmosphere under power from a wide range of intermittent renewable energy sources.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

This invention provides direct air capture (DAC) systems and processes for operating such systems that can operate continuously to remove carbon dioxide from an atmosphere under power from a wide range of intermittent renewable energy sources, and which is supplemented with recycled or excess energy derived from a parallel industrial process.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A biofuel includes a mixture having a gasoil generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose and an isomerized hydroprocessed ester and fatty acid (HEFA) generated from hydrotreating a renewable resource having fats and oils. The gasoil has a cetane index less than 46 and at least 10 parts per million weight (ppmw) of a heteroatom and a cetane index of the biofuel is greater than 46.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

A biofuel includes a mixture of a gasoil generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose. The gasoil has a cetane index less than 46. The biofuel also includes a hydroprocessed ester fatty acid (HEFA) generated from hydrotreating a renewable resource having fats and oils. A cetane index of the biofuel is greater than 46.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

This invention provides an aviation fuel composition comprising: a cycloparaffinic kerosene generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose, wherein the cycloparaffinic kerosene comprises at least 90 vol% cycloparaffins and less than 1 vol% aromatics; a paraffinic-based kerosene comprising normal and iso-paraffins in an amount of greater than 95%; and optionally, a petroleum-derived kerosene.The aviation fuel composition of the present invention provides an environmentally-friendly fuel while providing improved lubricity and low temperature viscosity properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 57/12 - Applying additives during coking
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (i) a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (ii) a blend of a first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and a second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate and the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate each have the formula (I) or (II) below, or are an isomeric mixture of formula (I) and (II) below: where R is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl group; and wherein the first monoalkyl alkenyl succinate is different from the second monoalkyl alkenyl succinate. The fuel compositions of the present invention have been found to provide a synergistic reduction in engine wear.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear

Abstract

22223224222;and the ester obtained is reacted with a polyol, preferably glycerine to form a polyester, preferably the polyester is a hydrogel.The present disclosure further relates to the use of a hydrogel which is obtainable by said method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 63/06 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
• C08G 63/78 - Preparation processes
• A01G 18/00 - Cultivation of mushrooms
• C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
• A01G 24/35 - Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid
• C09K 17/00 - Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
• C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds

Abstract

22); b) heating the feed stream (10) provided in step a) in a first heat exchanger (3) thereby obtaining a first heated feed stream (20); c) introducing the first heated feed stream (20) into a first RWGS reactor (2) and subjecting it to a first catalytic RWGS reaction, thereby obtaining a first syngas containing stream (30); d) cooling the first syngas containing stream (30) obtained in step c) in the first heat exchanger (3) against the feed stream (10) provided in step a), thereby obtaining a first cooled syngas stream (40); e) separating the first cooled syngas stream (40) obtained in step d) in a first gas/liquid separator (6) thereby obtaining a first water-enriched stream (60) and a first water-depleted syngas stream (50); f) heating the first water-depleted syngas stream (50) obtained in step e) in a second heat exchanger (13) thereby obtaining a heated first water-depleted syngas stream (70); g) introducing the heated first water-depleted syngas stream (70) obtained in step f) into a second RWGS reactor (12) and subjecting it to a second catalytic RWGS reaction, thereby obtaining a second syngas containing stream (80); h) cooling the second syngas containing stream (80) obtained in step g) in the second heat exchanger (13) against the first water-depleted syngas (50) stream obtained in step e), thereby obtaining a second cooled syngas stream (90); i) separating the second cooled syngas stream (90) obtained in step h) in a second gas/liquid separator (16) thereby obtaining a second water-enriched stream (110) and a second water-depleted syngas stream (100); j ) separating the second water-depleted syngas stream (100) obtained in step i) in a CO2 removal unit (8) thereby obtaining a CO2-enriched stream (120) and a CO2- depleted syngas stream (130); k) combining the CO2-enriched stream (120) obtained in step j) with the feed stream (10) provided in step a) and/or the first water-depleted syngas stream (50) obtained in step e); wherein the temperature of the first syngas containing stream (30) obtained in step c) and the second syngas containing stream (80) obtained in step g) is kept below 600°C, preferably below 550°C; and wherein the first and the second RWGS reactors (2,3) each comprise a multi-tubular reactor heated by molten salt circulating around the tubes of the multi-tubular reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene from a renewable feedstock involves directing a hydroprocessed liquid stream to a lead stripper to separate a lead stripper bottoms stream and a lead stripper overhead stream comprising naphtha, lower and higher boiling point range hydrocarbons and water. Bulk water is removed from the lead stripper overhead stream resulting in an unstabilized hydrocarbon stream, which is passed to a stabilization column to separate a stabilized naphtha-containing stream from the lower boiling point range hydrocarbons. The stabilized naphtha-containing stream is passed to a rectification column to separate a rectification bottoms stream and a naphtha product stream. Kerosene and diesel boiling range product streams are separated from the lead stripper bottoms stream in a vacuum fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents
• C10G 7/02 - Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene from a renewable feedstock involves directing a to a lead stripper to separate a lead stripper bottoms stream comprising naphtha and higher boiling point range hydrocarbons and a lead stripper overhead stream. The lead stripper bottoms stream is passed to a naphtha recovery column to separate a vapor stream comprising naphtha and water in an overhead stream from a heavy hydrocarbon product stream. The vapor stream is condensed and water is removed to produce a product naphtha stream. Kerosene and diesel boiling point range product streams are separated from the heavy hydrocarbon product stream in a vacuum fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents

Abstract

A process for producing kerosene involves reacting a renewable feedstock in a hydroprocessing section under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a hydroprocessing reaction to produce a hydroprocessed effluent. The hydroprocessed effluent is separated to produce a hydroprocessed liquid stream and a separation system offgas stream. The hydroprocessed liquid stream is directed to a work-up section where gases are stripped to produce a stripped liquid product stream and a stripper offgas stream. A gas stream comprising the separation system offgas stream and/or the stripper offgas stream are directed to a gas-handling section to obtain a pressurized gas stream and a hydrocarbon fraction that is liquid at a pressure in a range from 0 - 1.5 MPaG and a temperature in a range from 0 to 50C. The hydrocarbon fraction is recycled to the work-up section. A kerosene stream separated in the product recovery unit has a higher yield compared to conventional processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 49/22 - Separation of effluents

Abstract

A process for the preparation of a catalyst composition, which process comprises : forming a carrier from a mixture comprising a pentasil zeolite, one or more porous refractory oxide binders selected from alumina, amorphous silica-alumina, aluminum phosphate, magnesia, chromia, titania, boria and silica, and an aqueous solution of a zirconia precursor, and impregnating said carrier with metal dopants comprising one or more Group 10 metals selected from platinum, palladium and mixtures thereof in a total amount in the range of from 0. 001 to 1 wt. % and, optionally, in the range of from 0. 01 to 0. 5 wt. % tin, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition; a catalyst composition prepared by said process; and a process for the use of said catalyst composition in xylene isomerisation are provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 29/44 - Noble metals
• C07C 4/18 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

The disclosure provides a method for vessel maintenance optimization, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining operational data of the vessel; calculating a Torque Index;calculating a Slip Index; indicating that propeller cleaning is required if the Torque Index exceeds a Torque Index threshold, and indicating that hull cleaning is required if the Slip Index exceeds a Slip Index threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• B63B 59/04 - Preventing hull fouling
• B63B 79/10 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using sensors, e.g. pressure sensors, strain gauges or accelerometers
• B63B 79/20 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using models or simulation, e.g. statistical models or stochastic models
• B63B 79/30 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for diagnosing, testing or predicting the integrity or performance of vessels
• B63B 81/00 - Repairing or maintaining vessels

Abstract

Use of (a) an amino-based deposit control additive; and (b) a complex ester obtainable by an esterification reaction between (A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C2 to C12 dicarboxylic acid, (B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxy groups and (c) as a chain stopping agent (C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C1-C30 monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or (C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C1-C30 alcohol in case of an excess of component (A); in a gasoline fuel composition for the purpose of providing a synergistic reduction in engine wear in a spark ignition internal combustion engine fuelled with said gasoline fuel composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 1/2383 - Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam having a resilience of at least 40%, comprising reacting a polyether polyol component (a) and a polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and a foam stabiliser component (b), wherein polyether polyol component (a) comprises (a) (i) a polyether polyol which has a molecular weight lower than 4,500 g/mole and is prepared by ringopening polymerization of an alkylene oxide in the presence of an initiator having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms and a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, and (a) (ii) a polyether polyol which has a molecular weight of 4,500 g/mole or higher and which has a primary hydroxyl content of at least 30%; and foam stabiliser component (b) comprises foam stabilisers (b) (i) and (b) (ii) which are organosilicone surfactants comprising a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer, wherein the weight ratio of (b) (i) to (b) (ii) is at most 0.5:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/16 - Catalysts
• C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• C08G 18/20 - Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/32 - Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxy amines
• C08G 18/40 - High-molecular-weight compounds
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/63 - Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
• C08G 18/66 - Compounds of groups , , or
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C08K 5/5419 - Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
• C08L 75/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers

Abstract

This invention provides a thermal energy storage device (100) comprising a powder bed (110), at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303), and at least one heat transfer tube (200). The powder bed (110) has an electrical resistivity in a range of 500-50,000 Qm. The at least two electrodes (301, 302, 303) are embedded in the powder bed (110) and arranged to heat the powder bed (110) by providing a voltage between the electrodes (301, 302, 303). The at least one heat transfer tube (200) is arranged to contain a heat transfer fluid and has an inlet (210) and an outlet (220) connectable to a thermal energy consumer (30). The heat transfer tube (200) and the powder bed (110) are thermally coupled via an electrically insulating material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or

Abstract

This invention relates to a containment system for storing liquid hydrogen (3), comprising one or more walls forming a containment space (2). At least one of the one or more walls comprises an inner barrier layer (11), an outer barrier layer (12) and one or more spacer elements (14) disposed between the inner barrier layer (11) and the outer barrier layer (12) to separate the first and second barrier layers (11, 12), thereby creating space for a vacuum layer (13) in between the inner and outer barrier layers (11, 12). The outer barrier layer (12) is made of cryogenic ice having a temperature of below minus 150°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 1/12 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation

Abstract

A system (1) to mix an additive with an unbranded fuel includes a branded fuel compartment (2) and an additive tank (3) connected by a line (4). The system also includes a flow meter (5) between the additive tank (3) and the branded fuel compartment (2), and a first valve (6) to permit introduction of the unbranded fuel into the line (4) and to permit the offloading of branded fuel from the line (4). The system includes a second valve (12) to permit introduction of the unbranded fuel and the additive from the line (4) into the branded fuel compartment (2) and to permit the offloading of the branded fuel from the branded fuel compartment (2) into the line (4), and a controller (7) configured to selectively permit passage of the additive from the additive tank (3) into the line (4). The flow meter (5) is sized to measure the flow of the additive from the additive tank (3) but not to measure flow of the unbranded fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• B67D 7/04 - Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
• B67D 7/74 - Devices for mixing two or more different liquids to be transferred
• G05D 11/13 - Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of subjecting a biomass feedstock to hydropyrolysis, the method at least comprising the steps of : a ) supplying a biomass feedstock and a fluidizing gas comprising hydrogen to a bulk reactor zone of a fluidized bed reactor containing a deoxygenating catalyst; b) subjecting the biomass feedstock in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to a hydropyrolysis reaction by contacting the biomass feedstock with the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas, thereby obtaining a hydropyrolysis reactor output comprising at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; wherein the bulk reactor zone is cooled by means of a cooling fluid flowing through a plurality of tubes running through the bulk reactor zone, the plurality of tubes having inlets into and outlets from the bulk reactor zone; and wherein the cooling fluid flowing in the tubes at the point ( 'A' ) where the biomass feedstock enters the bulk reactor zone has a temperature of at least 320° C, preferably at least 340° C, more preferably at least 350° C, even more preferably at least 370°C, yet even more preferably at least 380°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique

Abstract

This invention provides a heat integration process across two or more industrial processes, said heat integration process comprising : in a first process in a fluidised catalyst reactor in which a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a regenerated catalyst in the upstream section of a reactor riser, passing the hydrocarbon feed and the catalyst admixed therewith through the reactor, thereby converting the hydrocarbon feed and deactivating the catalyst by deposition of carbonaceous deposits thereon, separating the deactivated catalyst from the converted hydrocarbon feed, passing the deactivated catalyst to a regenerator vessel wherein deposits are removed from the deactivated catalyst under exothermic process conditions by means of a regenerating medium introduced into the regenerator vessel, thereby regenerating and heating the catalyst, and passing the regenerated hot catalyst to the upstream section of the reactor, wherein a chemical feedstock for a second process is passed through a heat exchange system in direct contact with the regenerator vessel in order to provide heat to said chemical feedstock and second process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 11/06 - Propene
• C07C 11/09 - Isobutene

Abstract

A system for the treatment of a liquid plastic-derived oil having a pretreating section that includes a pretreating system having one or more reactors that may receive the liquid plastic-derived oil having one or more contaminants and a first contamination level. The one or more reactors includes a sorbent material having a faujasite (FAU) crystal framework type zeolitic molecular sieve and that may remove a first portion of the one or more contaminants from the liquid plastic-derived oil and generate a treated liquid plastic-derived oil having a second contamination level that is less than the first contamination level. The liquid plastic-derived oil is derived from a solid plastic waste (SPW), and the first portion of the one or more contaminants includes a halogen.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 25/05 - Removal of non-hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 67/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including a sorption process as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Abstract

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in seismic images involves dependency-training a backpropagation-enabled process, followed by label-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships between elements of the training seismic data set. Label-training computes a prediction selected from an occurrence, a value of an attribute, and combinations thereof. The label-trained backpropagation-enabled process is used to capture long-range dependencies in a non-training seismic data set by computing a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in a cracker furnace, said process comprising : pre-heating the feed stream outside the cracker furnace; feeding the pre-heated feed stream to a tube in the convection section of the cracker furnace; further pre- heating the feed stream in the convection section; feeding the further pre-heated feed stream to a tube in the radiant section of the cracker furnace; pre-heating an oxygen containing stream; contacting the pre-heated oxygen containing stream with a fuel gas in a burner in the radiant section; and pyrolytic cracking the feed stream in the radiant section resulting in an ef fluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils

Abstract

22222-enriched stream (120) obtained in step g) with the feed stream (10) provided in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification

Abstract

Methods and systems for steam production are provided. Methods include providing feedwater having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS/cm to an electrode boiler, andconverting the feedwater to saturated steam by the electrode boiler. The saturated steam is provided as a first fluid to a heat exchange component. Water having an electrical conductivity of more than 200 μS/cm is provided to the heat exchange component as a second fluid, where the second fluid is heated through indirect thermal transfer with the saturated steam to generate wet steam. The saturated steam is at least partially condensed in the heat exchange componentthrough the indirect thermal transfer with the second fluid. At least a portion of the thus obtained condensed fluid is fed back to the electrode boiler for use as part of the low-conductivity water to generate said saturated steam.

IPC Classes  ?

• F22B 1/30 - Electrode boilers
• E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection

Abstract

2222222222222222 (g).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/75 - Multi-step processes

Abstract

Coating composition for an aircraft bladder comprising: (i) a first coating agent comprising vinylidene chloride copolymer, and (ii) a second coating agent comprising an epoxy resin, wherein the weight ratio of the first coating agent to the second coating agent is in the range from 2:1 to 3.5:1. The coating composition can be used in a method for reducing shrinkage of an aircraft bladder caused by exposure to an unleaded aviation fuel composition, wherein the method comprises coating the surface of the aircraft bladder with the coating composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09D 127/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulic fracturing fluid composition comprising a homogeneous non-aqueous organic phase mixture which mixture comprises a base fluid and one or more surfactants.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a geological feature in a geologic thin section image uses a backpropagation-enabled classification process trained by inputting extracted training image fractions having substantially the same absolute horizontal and vertical length and associated labels for classes from a predetermined set of geological features, and iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of each of the classes for the extracted training image fractions. The trained backpropagation-enabled classification model is used to predict the occurrence of the classes in extracted fractions of non-training geologic thin section images having substantially the same absolute horizontal and vertical length as the training image fractions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06V 10/25 - Determination of region of interest [ROI] or a volume of interest [VOI]
• G06V 10/82 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
• G06V 20/69 - Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts

Abstract

A reactor that may contact a gas stream with a catalyst composition includes a catalyst bed module having a first grouping including a first plurality of foam catalyst blocks each bounded by a first front face having a first surface area with an opposing first back face, a first top side with an opposing first bottom side, and a first side face with an opposing first alternate side face and a second grouping adjacent to the first grouping and having a second plurality of foam catalyst blocks each bounded by a second front face having a second surface area with an opposing second back face, a second top side with an opposing second bottom side, and a second side face with an opposing second alternate side face. The first back face of the first plurality of foam catalyst blocks and the second back face of the second plurality of foam catalyst face each face the other in a spaced relationship. The reactor also includes a sealing frame disposed between the first and second groupings and that may maintain the spaced relationship and form a sealed volume between the first plurality of foam catalyst blocks and the second plurality of foam catalyst blocks and a support frame having a support surface and an opening and that may support the first grouping and the second grouping. The first grouping and the second grouping are secured to the support surface such that the opening is positioned between the first grouping and the second grouping and adjacent to the sealed volume, and the sealed volume and the opening provide a passage for gas flow.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

A process for hydroprocessing a renewable feedstock in a fixed-bed reactor system having at least one catalytic bed involves directing a downward flow of the renewable feedstock to a filtering zone having top-open interstitial portions to receive the downward flow and top-covered annular portions that are in fluid communication with a headspace between the filtering zone and a catalytic zone. The feedstock flows from the interstitial portions to the annular portions through a filtering material disposed between the interstitial portions and the annular portions, resulting in a filtered feedstock, which then flows to the catalytic zone. In the catalytic zone, filtered feedstock is reacted under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a reaction selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodemetalation, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01D 24/10 - Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
• C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
• C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01D 24/20 - Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being provided in an open container
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• B01D 39/20 - Other self-supporting filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper or metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
• B01D 29/54 - Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups ;   Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
• B01D 29/15 - Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration

Abstract

Bottom hole pressure (BHP) actuals and bottom hole temperature (BHT) actuals in a hydrocarbon production well are recorded as a function of time, during production of hydrocarbon fluids. Selective statistical measures of both the BHP actuals and the BHT actuals are determined as a function of time. These selective statistical measures suitably represent estimates of expected normal BHP actuals and BHT actuals in case there is no imminent sand failure, supplemented with an uncertainty measure of the estimates of expected normal BHP and BHT. The BHP actuals and the BHT actuals are compared with respective BHP and BHT anomaly thresholds based on the selective statistical measures. An anomaly alert is automatically issued upon meeting a condition wherein both the BHP actuals and the BHT actuals exceed their respective anomaly threshold. The anomaly alert is an indication of a predicted imminent sand failure of the hydrocarbon production well in operation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
• E21B 47/06 - Measuring temperature or pressure

Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s; (b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol; (c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.The present invention also provides a method for lubricating an axle, said method comprising supplying to said axle a lubricating oil composition comprising:(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s; (b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol; (c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives

Abstract

11222231611516166 alkyl group. The fuel composition of the present invention provides improved power and acceleration benefits, as well as increased flame speed and burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond

Abstract

1122n2n233 group is a hydrogen atom. The fuel composition of the present invention provides improved power and acceleration benefits, as well as increased flame speed and burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• C10L 1/23 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
• C10L 1/232 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring

Abstract

Novel modular reactor configurations utilizing resistance heating elements are provided. The resistance heating elements pass through the reaction zone of reactor modules and conduct electricity thereby providing resistance heating in the reaction zone to facilitate the conversion of the reactants to products when reactants are present in the reaction zone. The resistance heating elements may be configured as plurality of wires, a plurality of plates, wiremesh, gauze, and/or a metallic monolith.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1), at least comprising: - an electrically heated furnace (2) having a roof (2A) and walls defining a space (3); - at least one tube (10) running through the space (3), wherein the at least one tube (10) has an inlet (11) and an outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), which heating elements (20) can heat the at least one tube (10); wherein the heating elements (20) suspend from the roof (2A) of the space (3); and wherein the roof (2A) of the space (3) has a shape configured to have heating elements (20) suspending at different heights.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside

Abstract

measmeasmeasmeasoptestmeasestmeasreal-timereal-timereal-timeeffeff. The method further includes using the processor to (f) display the actionable recommendation on a display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G16C 20/10 - Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes
• C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
• G16C 20/70 - Machine learning, data mining or chemometrics

Abstract

0-0.21-80-52n5n244] B: [Ti, Al, Cr, V, Fe, Mn, Mg, Li] C: [S, OH, F, Cl] D: [Si, Al, Fe, B, Be] n = 1-10 m = 5-15.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 113/10 - Clays; Micas
• C10M 169/02 - Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition used in the reduction gearbox or transmission of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, wherein the lubricating oil contains a base oil, and the aromatic ring content of the base oil is from 3,500 to 15,000 ppm in terms of the mass of the base oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 111/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
• C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• C10N 40/14 - Electric or magnetic purposes

Abstract

MoMo) of molybdenum dithiocarbamate in terms of molybdenum atoms relative to the total amount of lubricating oil composition is greater than 200 ppm and 2,000 ppm or less, and the amount of sulfonated ash relative to the total amount of lubricating oil composition is less than 0.85% by mass.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 163/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05 wt%,CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75ºC, T40 of at least 75º C, a T50 of at most 105º C, a T90 of at most 135ºC, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, comprising from 20 vol.% to 35 vol.% of toluene having a MON of at least 107; from 2 vol.% to 10 vol.% of aniline; from above 30 vol% to 55 vol% of at least one alkylate oralkyate blend having an initial boiling range of from 32°C to 60°C and a final boiling range of from 105°C to140°C, having T40 of less than 99°C, T50 of less than 100°C, T90 of less than 110°C, the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 3-20 vol% of C5 isoparaffins, 3-15 vol% of C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol% of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol% of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; at least 8 vol% of isopentane in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa; from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 1 vol% to 8 vol%, of a straight chain alkyl acetate having a straight chain alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 2 vol% to 8 vol%, of a branched chain alcohol having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that the branched chain does not contain any t-butyl groups; wherein the volume ratio of straight chain alkyl actetate to branched chain alcohol is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3; and wherein the fuel composition contains less than 15 vol% of C8 aromatics. As well as meeting the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions ofthe present invention have improved octane properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/10 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1) at least comprising: - an electrically heated furnace (2) having walls (2A, 2B) defining a space (3); - a first row (4) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a second row (14) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a first set (5) of electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), wherein the first set (5) comprises electrical radiative heating elements (20) located between the first (4) and second rows (14) of tubes (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 11/02 - Ohmic resistance heating
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• F27B 5/14 - Arrangements of heating devices
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing

Abstract

A wellbore, which comprises a production tubing with a functional cable extending along a length on the exterior thereof, is plugged for abandonment. To plug the wellbore, an external cement barrier is placed, along a zone of interest, in an annulus directly surrounding the production tubing. The external cement barrier is in direct contact with the production tubing and the functional cable. After placing the external cement barrier is allowed to set, after which the functional cable can be subjected to an after-treatment to close any axial leak path associated with the functional cable. Finally, an internal barrier plug is formed within the production tubing, in the zone of interest, and while maintaining at least a portion of the external cement barrier in place.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 47/005 - Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level

Abstract

The invention provides a gas distribution system comprising a plurality of flow passages in fluid communication with a gas source, each flow passage having disposed therein a number of nozzles, wherein at least a portion of said nozzles are fitted with a sintered metal filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B05B 1/00 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone. The present invention also provides a method of mixing a fluidised stream of catalyst particles with a hydrocarbon feed, said method comprising the steps of: a) creating a stream of fluidised catalyst particles in a reactor; b) passing said stream of fluidised catalyst particles past a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor; c) subsequently passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles through an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of the reactor and contacting said stream of fluidised catalyst particles with hydrocarbon feed provided through said feed injectors; d) passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles contacted with hydrocarbon feed to a downstream section of the reactor to convert the hydrocarbon feed to a converted product in the presence of the catalyst particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 8/20 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
• B01F 23/50 - Mixing liquids with solids

Abstract

4262411 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m31eff11xxx is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m31xeffxeffxleff1leff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold

Abstract

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen,carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to a biological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/84 - Biological processes
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 1/12 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting

Abstract

A catalyst composition comprising an iron-pyridine bisimine ligand complex wherein the catalyst composition is prepared by combining iron chloride or iron carboxylate and pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A method of preparing an oligomerization catalyst comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst wherein the catalyst system is prepared in a process comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent, removing the polar solvent and suspending the catalyst in a viscous fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/02 - Iron compounds
• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• C08F 10/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; b) withdrawing the product stream from the oligomerization reaction zone wherein the product stream further comprises oligomerization catalyst system; c) contacting the product stream with a catalyst deactivating agent to form a deactivated product stream that contains deactivated catalyst components; and d) heating the deactivated product stream to separate one or more components from the deactivated product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• B01J 31/00 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO) co-catalyst wherein the co-catalyst feed stream to the reaction zone is diluted in a solvent to a concentration of less than 1 wt% aluminum in the co-catalyst feed stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, the reaction conditions comprising a first reaction temperature of at least 70 °C, to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene wherein after a first time period, the presence of higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene reduces the flow rate through the reaction zone, fouls the reactor surface and/or reduces heat transfer and after that first time period, increasing the temperature of the reaction zone to a second reaction temperature that is at least 5 °C greater than the first reaction temperature for a second time period.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

458121317139111416812182115911192020 are selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, hydroxo, cyano or an inert functional group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the residence time in the reaction zone is in the range of from 2 to 40 minutes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; and b) cooling at least a portion of the reaction zone using a heat exchange medium having an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst; the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of greater than 70 °C; and the difference between the reaction zone temperature and the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium is from 0.5 to 15 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with a conversion solution to form a second combined solution, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural to a temperature at or above which the second combined solution consists essentially of a homogeneous liquid phase, cooling down the heated second combined solution to a temperature wherein the cooled second combined solution comprises an aqueous phase comprising water and furfural and (ii) a non-aqueous phase comprising water-insoluble boronic acid and furfural.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating composition for use as a transmission fluid in an electric vehicle, said lubricating composition comprising: (iii) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s, wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (iv) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (v) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.This invention also provides a process for lubricating an electric vehicle drive train comprising a transmission, said process comprising the steps of applying to said transmission a lubricating composition, said lubricating composition comprising: (iv) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (v) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (vi) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• C10N 40/16 - Electric or magnetic purposes dielectric; Insulating oil
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The invention relates to pre-treating an oil derived from a renewable feedstock to remove at least a portion of one or more contaminants by filtering the oil with a nanofiltration membrane. The resulting permeate oil has a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the feed stream to the nanofiltration membrane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/02 - Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• B01D 65/08 - Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
• B01D 17/00 - Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing syngas using catalytic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction comprising heat exchangers and two RWGS reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions wherein the oligomerization catalyst comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine catalyst and the oligomerization conditions comprise a pressure of at least 3.79 MPa.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the molar ratio of oxygen to iron being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is of from 1:1 to 200:1. Alternatively, the molar ratio of oxygen to aluminum in MMAO being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is less than 1:5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins in an oligomerization reaction zone comprising: a) feeding a first stream comprising ethylene into the reaction zone; b) feeding a second stream comprising an iron-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst in a solvent into the reaction zone; c) contacting the ethylene feed with the iron-ligand catalyst and the co-catalyst in the oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, including an oligomerization reaction temperature; and d) withdrawing a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and a method for starting up this process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting ethylene with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the product stream contains less than 50 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene. A process for producing polyethylene comprising contacting ethylene with one or more alpha olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst wherein the one or more alpha olefins are produced in a process comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine complex and an MMAO co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the one or more alpha-olefins contain less than 100 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of at least 115 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process includes a.) supplying a biomass feedstock, a fluidizing gas having hydrogen, and a catalyst recirculation stream having deoxygenating catalyst to a mixing zone of a fluidized bed reactor; b.) allowing the biomass feedstock, the fluidizing gas and the deoxygenating catalyst to move upwards through the fluidized bed reactor from the mixing zone to a bulk reactor zone; c.) allowing the biomass feedstock to contact the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to produce a hydropyrolysis reactor output including at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; and d.) withdrawing at least a portion of the deoxygenating catalyst from the bulk reactor zone to form the catalyst recirculation stream that is supplied to the mixing zone in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with an ionic conversion solution having a pH of less than or equal to 4 and comprising one or more salts to form a second combined solution, wherein the ionic conversion solution has a calculated molar ionic strength of at least 1, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural; separating the second combined solution into a second aqueous phase comprising from a second non-aqueous phase and recovering furfural from the second non-aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

Use of a paraffinic gasoil in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

Use of a detergent additive in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 1/198 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 1/238 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/2383 - Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a lubricant base oil including at least one type selected from mineral oil, PAO, and GTL (gas-to-liquid) base oils; (B) a compound having a structure obtained by independently subjecting propylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol or a structure obtained by subjecting a combination of propylene oxide with ethylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol, and being configured so that polyalkylene glycol (PAG) with an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.35 or more and less than 0.45 and/or one or both terminal hydroxyl groups in the polyalkylene glycol (PAG) are blocked; and (C) a fatty acid ester having an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.05 to 0.35.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives

Abstract

Integrity of a downhole zonal isolation in an annulus (B, C, D) formed between two wellbore tubulars (4, 6, 8, 10) of a sub-sea wellbore is ascertained, by directing ultrasonic waves (32) at the at least two wellbore tubulars and the annulus in a direction at least transverse to the wellbore tubulars and at an inspection location above the downhole zonal isolation, detecting reflections caused by the ultrasonic waves from surfaces of at least the wellbore tubulars, and inferring from the detected reflections whether the annulus at the inspection location is filled with a liquid or a gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/107 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using acoustic means

Abstract

A method involving automated salt body boundary interpretation employs multiple sequential supervised machine learning models which have been trained using training data. The training data may consist of pairs of seismic data and labels as determined by human interpretation. The machine learning models are deep learning models, and each of the deep learning models is aimed to address a specific challenge in the salt body boundary detection. The proposed approach consists of application of an ensemble of deep learning models applied sequentially, wherein each model is trained to address a specific challenge. In one example an initial salt boundary inference as generated by a first trained first deep learning model is subject to a trained refinement deep learning model for false positives removal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis

Abstract

12 34123 44 may be the same or different, each representing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/00 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of:a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina molar ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) contacting the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity; c) shaping the zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity as obtained in step b) thereby obtaining a shaped10catalyst carrier; d) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier as obtained in step c) in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; e) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step d) with a noble metal component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/12 - Noble metals
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor to produce an effluent, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; passing the effluent to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising