A flow-through heater assembly includes a housing and a heater. The housing includes an inlet, an outlet, and a bore extending between the inlet and the outlet. The heater is disposed within the housing and extends between the inlet and the outlet. The heater includes at least one opening proximate the inlet and at least one opening proximate the outlet. The heater defines an anfractuous path from the inlet to the outlet, and the openings in the heater are in fluid communication with the bore of the housing.
F24H 9/00 - FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL - Details
F28F 13/08 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
G01K 13/02 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
2.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING AND DIAGNOSING FLUID LINE LEAKAGE FOR INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS
A method of detecting a leak-induced abnormal condition in a semiconductor processing system comprising a subsystem. The method includes determining a performance characteristic of the semiconductor processing system. The method includes determining the leak-induced abnormal condition is present within the subsystem, wherein the determination of the presence of the leak-induced abnormal condition is based on the performance characteristic and a temperature characteristic of the subsystem. The method also includes performing a corrective action based on the determination of the presence of the leak-induced abnormal condition.
G01M 3/00 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures
G01M 3/18 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for valves
An electrostatic chuck includes a ceramic top plate layer made of a beryllium oxide material, a ceramic bottom plate layer made of a beryllium oxide material, a ceramic middle plate layer disposed between the ceramic top plate layer and the ceramic bottom plate layer, an electrode layer disposed between the ceramic top plate layer and the ceramic middle plate layer, and a heater layer disposed between the ceramic middle plate layer and the ceramic bottom plate layer. The electrode layer joins and hermetically seals the ceramic top plate layer to the ceramic middle plate layer, and the heater layer joins and hermetically seals the ceramic middle plate layer to the ceramic bottom plate layer.
B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
B23K 35/28 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950°C
B23K 35/00 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
B32B 7/14 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H05B 1/00 - ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - Details of electric heating devices
B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
B23K 1/20 - Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
F16B 9/00 - Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
B32B 3/30 - Layered products essentially comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products essentially having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
B32B 9/04 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups comprising such substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
4.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE BUS SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC CIRCULATION HEATERS
A terminal assembly for a heater system includes a plurality of resistive heating elements arranged in multiple power phases includes a plurality of power busbars, a neutral busbar, a phase barrier disposed between each of the plurality of power busbars, and a plurality of interchangeable couplers. Each power busbar corresponds to a power phase of the multiple power phases and is configured to connect a power lead from one of the multiple power phases and a first end of a plurality of resistive heating elements. The resistive heating elements are in electrical communication with the power lead. The neutral busbar is offset longitudinally from the power busbars and configured to receive a second end of the resistive heating elements. The interchangeable couplers are configured to connect at least a subset of the resistive heating elements to at least one power busbar or at least one neutral busbar.
H05B 3/26 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05B 3/08 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
5.
Nickel-Carbon And Nickel-Cobalt-Carbon Brazes And Brazing Processes For Joining Ceramics And Metals And Semiconductor Processing And Industrial Equipment Using Same
A joining method includes the steps of placing a brazing element between an interface area of a first ceramic piece and an interface area of a second ceramic piece to create a joining pre-assembly, placing the components of said joining pre-assembly into a process chamber, removing oxygen from said process chamber, and heating at least said brazing element of said joining pre-assembly, thereby hermetically joining said first ceramic piece to said second ceramic piece. The brazing element consists of Nickel and Carbon.
A method for the joining of ceramic pieces includes applying a layer of titanium on a first ceramic piece and applying a layer of titanium on a second ceramic piece; applying a layer of nickel on each of the layers of titanium on the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece; applying a layer of nickel phosphorous to each of the layers of nickel on the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece; assembling the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece with the layers of titanium, nickel, and nickel phosphorous therebetween; pressing the layer of nickel phosphorous of the first ceramic piece against the layer of nickel phosphorous of the second ceramic piece; heating the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece to a joining temperature in a vacuum; and cooling the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece. A hermetic seal is formed between the first ceramic piece and the second ceramic piece.
B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
B23K 35/28 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950°C
C04B 35/581 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
A method for monitoring a surface condition of a component includes providing thermal energy to a component, determining a thermal response of the heater in response to providing the thermal energy, and determining a thermal characteristic of the component based on a reference thermal response and the thermal response. The method includes predicting the surface condition of the component based on the thermal characteristic and a predictive analytic model, where the predictive analytic model correlates the thermal characteristic of the component to an estimated surface condition of the component.
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating
G01N 25/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
A method of providing power, via a plurality of power control systems, includes forming, by at least two power control systems from among the plurality of power control systems, a power network and defining, by each power control system of the power network, a power allocation schedule for a power cycle using a dynamic load scheduling model. The power allocation schedule identifies one or more designated power control systems from among the at least two of the power control systems to provide power to a load during the power cycle. For at least portion of the power cycle, the method includes providing power to the load by the one or more designated power control systems of the power network based on the power allocation schedule.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
9.
METHOD OF GENERATING A DIGITAL TWIN OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
A method of generating a digital twin of an environment includes generating one or more mathematical-based variables based on a mathematical model of the environment and sensor data from one or more sensors of the environment, generating one or more machine learning-based variables based on a machine learning-based model of the environment and the sensor data, and stacking the one or more mathematical-based variables and the one or more machine learning-based variables based on a meta-learning model to generate a machine learning input for predicting a performance characteristic of the environment.
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
The present disclosure is directed toward a control system and method for controlling a heater system. The control system includes a plurality of zone control circuits, a primary controller, a plurality of power controllers, and a plurality of sensor controllers. The zone control circuits are operable to provide power to a plurality of heater zones of the heater system and to measure performance characteristics of the zones. The power controllers are coupled to the plurality of zone control circuits to control power to the plurality of zones. The sensor controllers monitor operation of the heater zones based on the performance characteristics. The primary controller is coupled to the power controllers and is configured to provide an operation set-point for each of the heater zones based on the performance characteristics.
A heater assembly includes a substrate, a plurality of resistive heating elements disposed along a perimeter of the substrate, and a common ground electrical lead connected to at least some of the plurality of resistive heating elements and having a portion extending along the perimeter of the substrate. The plurality of resistive heating elements are independently controllable to provide azimuthal temperature control of the heater assembly.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
12.
MODULAR HEATER ASSEMBLY WITH INTERCHANGEABLE AUXILIARY SENSING JUNCTIONS
A heater system is provided, which includes a plurality of heaters, a controller for supplying power to the plurality of heaters, a plurality sets of auxiliary wires extending from the plurality of heaters, and a wire harness for connecting the plurality sets of auxiliary wires to the controller. Each set of auxiliary wires includes three wires, two of the three wires being made of different materials and being joined to form a thermocouple junction, such that each of the plurality of heaters is operable to function as both a heater and a temperature sensor.
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
H05B 3/78 - Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
A heating assembly includes a support member for supporting a target thereon, a diffuser layer attached to the support member, and a heater attached to the diffuser layer. The diffuser layer includes discrete diffuser segments separated by gaps. The discrete diffuser segments are made of the same material and are configured to allow a desired thermal gradient to be maintained between the discrete diffuser segments during heating of the target.
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
14.
SHAPED ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTIONS FOR MULTI-LAYER HEATER CONSTRUCTIONS
An electrical interconnect for use in connecting layers of a multi-layer heater includes a shaped body having a lower end portion and an upper end portion. The lower end portion has a smaller contact area than a contact area of the upper end portion, and the contact area of the lower end portion is proximate a heating layer and the contact area of the upper end portion is proximate a routing layer.
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
15.
SENSOR SYSTEM AND INTEGRATED HEATER-SENSOR FOR MEASURING AND CONTROLLING PERFORMANCE OF A HEATER SYSTEM
A heater system includes an integrated heater device and a control system. The integrated heater device includes a thermocouple for measuring temperature and one or more multiportion resistive elements that are operable as heaters to create a temperature differential between the fluid and air to detect the fluid, and as sensors to measure a fluid level. The control device operates the integrated heater device as a sensor or heater based on one or more performance characteristics of the heater system and self-calibrates the heater device.
G01K 13/00 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
F24H 9/20 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
G01F 23/22 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
16.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ELECTRIC HEATER
A method of controlling temperature of a heater including a resistive heating element includes measuring a voltage count and a current count based on data from an analog-digital converter (ADC) circuit of a sensor circuit, where the sensor circuit is electrically coupled to the heater. The method includes selecting one or more dynamic gain levels of the ADC from among a plurality of dynamic gain levels based on a shift gain correlation, determining a resistance of the resistive heating element based on the voltage count, the current count, and the one or more dynamic gain levels, and controlling power to the heater based on the resistance.
G01R 19/257 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with comparison of different reference values with the value of voltage or current, e.g. using step-by-step method
A wireless sensor assembly incudes a housing, a wireless power source, a wireless communication component, and firmware. The housing defines a first aperture for receiving an external sensor and a second aperture defining a communication port configured to receive a wire harness. The wireless communications component and the firmware are powered by the wireless power source. The wireless communications component is configured to be in electrical communication with the external sensor and transmit data from the external sensor to an external device. The firmware is configured to manage a rate of data transmittal from the wireless communications component to the external device. The wireless power source, the wireless communications component, and the firmware are mounted within the same housing. The data from the external sensor is transmitted from the external sensor wirelessly through the wireless communications component or through the wire harness to the external device for processing.
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
H04L 41/082 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
A temperature sensing system includes an outer casing, a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction, and a reference sensor. The thermocouple and the reference sensor are received within the outer casing. The reference sensor is disposed proximate an end of the thermocouple opposing the thermocouple junction and is configured to provide a reference temperature based on which a temperature measured by the thermocouple is determined.
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
A heater includes a flow guide and electrical resistance heating elements. The flow guide defines a continuous geometric helicoid disposed about a longitudinal axis and defines perforations that extend in a longitudinal direction through a first longitudinal length of the geometric helicoid. The first longitudinal length is less than a full longitudinal length of the geometric helicoid. The electrical resistance heating elements extend through the perforations. For each electrical resistance heating element, a length of that electrical resistance heating element and a pitch of the geometric helicoid at a distal end of that electrical resistance heating element are such that the distal end of that electrical resistance heating element is a distance X from the geometric helicoid at the distal end of that electrical resistance heating element. The distance X is less than or equal to 40% of the pitch at the distal end of that electrical resistance heating element.
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28D 7/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28F 9/013 - Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
A heater includes a flow guide and a plurality of electrical resistance heating elements. The flow guide defines a continuous geometric helicoid disposed about a longitudinal axis of the heater assembly. The flow guide defines a predetermined pattern of perforations that extend in a longitudinal direction through a first longitudinal length of the geometric helicoid, the longitudinal direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis. The plurality of electrical resistance heating elements extend through the perforations. At least one electrical resistance heating element of the plurality of electrical resistance heating elements has a first region with a first watt density and a second region with a second watt density. The second region is located farther in the longitudinal direction than the first region. The second watt density is less than the first watt density.
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28F 9/013 - Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28D 7/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
A multi-zone heater with a plurality of thermocouples such that different heater zones can be monitored for temperature independently. The independent thermocouples may have their leads routed out from the shaft of the heater in a channel that is closed with a joining process that results in hermetic seal adapted to withstand both the interior atmosphere of the shaft and the process chemicals in the process chamber. The thermocouple and its leads may be enclosed with a joining process in which a channel cover is brazed to the heater plate with aluminum.
H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
A standoff assembly for use in terminating a plurality of resistive heaters disposed within a fluid vessel includes a pressure adapter plate, an electrical enclosure adapter plate, and a plurality of conduits. An end portion of each of the resistive heating elements extends through the pressure adapter plate. The electrical enclosure adapter plate is spaced apart from the pressure adapter plate to define a dry volume therebetween. The conduits are secured to the pressure adapter plate and the electrical enclosure adapter plate. Each conduit is aligned concentrically with each of the resistive heating elements. An electrical termination portion of each resistive heating element is disposed within the conduit.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
A control system for controlling an adjustable output voltage provided to a heater includes a controller configured to determine an input parameter based on an electrical characteristic of the heater, where the heater includes a resistive heating element that is operable to emit heat and as a sensor. The controller is further configured to determine an output voltage for the heater based on the input parameter and a desired setpoint, and to transmit a signal to a power converter to generate the output voltage. The desired setpoint is based on an operational state of the heater, and the input parameter includes data indicative of a temperature of the resistive heating element that is determined based on the electrical characteristic.
G01R 19/22 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of ac into dc
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
F24D 11/02 - Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
G01R 19/257 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with comparison of different reference values with the value of voltage or current, e.g. using step-by-step method
A heater assembly includes a flow guide and a plurality of electrical resistance heating elements. The flow guide defines a continuous geometric helicoid disposed about a longitudinal axis of the heater assembly. The flow guide defines a predetermined pattern of perforations that extend in a longitudinal direction through a first longitudinal length of the geometric helicoid. The longitudinal direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis. The geometric helicoid has a first pitch at a first zone along the longitudinal axis and a second pitch at a second zone along the longitudinal axis. The second pitch is shorter than the first pitch. The electrical resistance heating elements extend through the perforations.
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28F 9/013 - Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28D 7/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.
F01N 9/00 - Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
F01N 11/00 - Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
G01F 1/68 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
G05D 23/185 - Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H05B 3/20 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/30 - Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
G01F 1/86 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/021 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
H01C 7/02 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
H01C 7/04 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
An electric heater system includes an inlet, an outlet, a plurality of heat exchanger assemblies, and one or more connectors. The plurality of heat exchanger assemblies are connected in series. Each heat exchanger assembly includes a vessel, heating elements disposed within the vessel, and a fluid guide member. The connectors secure the vessels of the plurality of heat exchanger assemblies to each other. The connectors are also in fluid communication with the vessels. Fluid entering the inlet flows through the heat exchanger assemblies and through one or more connectors where it exits the outlet. The fluid guide members of the heat exchanger assemblies are of different or the same combinations to generate a predetermined pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet.
F24H 9/00 - FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL - Details
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
A thermal insulation structure includes an insulation layer having a first surface proximate a cooling device and a second surface opposing the first surface. A heater is disposed proximate the second surface, and a protective layer is disposed proximate the heater layer such that the heater layer is disposed between the insulation layer and the protective layer. The heater layer is configured to reduce frost or ice buildup on an exterior surface of the insulation layer.
An exhaust gas heating unit for an engine includes a housing and a heating element. The housing includes a tubular peripheral wall and has an interior hollow space. The heating element has first and second ends and extends longitudinally therebetween to form a spiral shape within the interior hollow space. The heating element includes a thermally conductive sheath, an electrically conductive resistance element that extends longitudinally within the external sheath, and an electrically insulating material disposed about the resistance element between the resistance element and the sheath. A heat transfer member is positioned within the interior hollow space and is formed from one or more strips of thermally conductive material. The strips contact the external sheath at a plurality of locations between the first end and the second end. The heat transfer member has a corrugated shape that follows the spiral shape of the heating element.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
F23G 7/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
31.
High power density insulated exhaust heating system
An exhaust gas heater system for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a housing and a heating element. The housing includes an outer peripheral wall disposed about a central axis and defining an interior hollow space configured to receive exhaust gas from an exhaust pipe of the exhaust system such that the exhaust gas flows through the interior hollow space. The heating element is positioned within the hollow space and including a first end and a second end. The heating element forms a zig-zag shape extending in a radial direction relative to the central axis.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
F23G 7/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
32.
METAL HEATER ASSEMBLY WITH EMBEDDED RESISTIVE HEATERS
A metal heater includes a metal substrate with a groove, a resistive heater disposed within the groove, and a fill metal disposed over the resistive heater and substantially filling the groove, wherein the fill metal has a lower melting temperature than the metal substrate. The fill metal can be indium and a cover plate can be bonded to the metal substrate and over the indium. A method of manufacturing the metal heater and a method of operating the metal heater are also provided.
H05B 3/12 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
A support pedestal includes a support member including a resistive layer having a plurality of zones, a routing layer, and a plurality of conductive vias. The plurality of zones are defined by a plurality of independently controllable resistive heating elements. The resistive layer and the routing layer are disposed in different planes of the support member and are connected by the plurality of conductive vias.
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 23/522 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
H01L 23/485 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
34.
Industrial control projective capacitive touch interface
An industrial control device includes a display, a body, a first sensor, and a controller. The body includes a facia wall, an inner shroud, and an outer shroud. The facia wall includes a window that is a transparent material aligned to permit the display to be viewed through the window. The inner shroud extends rearward from a rear side of the facia wall. The outer shroud is disposed about the inner shroud and extends rearward from the rear side of the facia wall and is spaced apart from the inner shroud to define a cavity. A seal member is within the cavity forms a seal with a facia plate disposed about the inner shroud. The first sensor detects contact with a front surface of the facia wall. The controller is coupled to an output of the first sensor. The controller is coupled to the display and controls the display.
H05K 7/14 - Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
G06F 3/041 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
H01R 13/514 - Bases; Cases formed as a modular block or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
35.
CABLE HEATER ASSEMBLY WITH CABLE END ADAPTER SYSTEM
A cable heater assembly includes a cable heater and an adapter system. The cable heater includes an outer sheath and a conductor. A portion of the conductor is exposed from the outer sheath. The adapter system includes an adapter body mounted to an end of the cable heater and a cap joined to the adapter body to enclose the portion of the conductor inside the cap.
A molding system is provided, which includes at least one mold part and a heating and cooling module. The at least one mold part defines a mold cavity having an opening. The heating and cooling module is inserted into the opening to close the mold cavity. The heating and cooling module includes a die insert defining a mold surface, a layered heater for heating the mold surface, and a cooling unit for cooling the mold surface. The layered heater is disposed between the die insert and the cooling unit and includes functional layers formed directly on a surface of the cooling unit or a surface of the die insert opposite to the mold surface by using layered or layering processes selected from a group consisting of thick film, thin film, thermal spray and sol-gel processes.
B29C 33/02 - SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING - Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated heating or cooling means
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
37.
Method and system for detecting and diagnosing fluid line leakage for industrial systems
A method of detecting a leak-induced abnormal condition in a fluid line system having a plurality of heaters includes determining a plurality of temperature characteristics at a plurality of locations of the fluid line system, where each temperature from among the plurality of temperature characteristics is associated with at least one heater from among the plurality of heaters and monitoring, for each of the plurality of heaters, an electrical characteristic of the heater. The method includes determining the leak-induced abnormal condition is present within the fluid line system in response to the electrical characteristic of a given heater from among the plurality of heaters and the temperature characteristic associated with the given heater satisfying a temperature-and-electrical characteristics (TEC) deviation condition and performing a corrective action in response to determining the leak-induced abnormal condition is present.
G01M 3/18 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for valves
G01M 3/00 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures
G01M 3/28 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for valves
A method of providing power via a plurality of power control systems forming a power network is provided. Each power control system includes a power controller and a power switch operable by the power controller. The method includes defining, by each power controller of the power network, a power allocation schedule for a power cycle using a dynamic load scheduling model based on a members list of the power network. The power cycle is divided into a plurality of power units, and the power allocation schedule identifies one or more designated power control systems from among the plurality of power control systems to provide power to a load during each of the power units. For the power cycle, the method includes providing power to the load by the one or more designated power control systems during a respective power unit based on the power allocation schedule.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
The present disclosure is directed toward a temperature detector probe that includes a housing, a pair of electrical connectors, a support cap, and a sensor. The housing defines a bore longitudinally extending through the housing, and the pair of electrical connectors extend through the bore. The support cap is disposed at a first end portion of the housing. The sensor is provided on the support cap and is electrically coupled to the pair of electrical connectors. The support cap is positioned between the pair of electrical connectors and the support cap.
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
G01K 1/16 - Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element
G01K 1/143 - Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations for measuring surface temperatures
A support pedestal includes a substrate, a plurality of resistive heating elements disposed on the substrate and defining a plurality of heating zones, and electric terminals disposed at a central region of the substrate. At least one of the electric terminals is connected to at least two of the plurality of resistive heating elements.
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 23/522 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
H01L 23/485 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
41.
ENCAPSULATED BUS CIRCUIT FOR FLUID HEATING SYSTEMS
A termination assembly for a heater assembly includes a plurality of resistive heaters arranged in discrete power phases, each resistive heater comprising a resistive heating element surrounded by dielectric material and a sheath. The termination assembly includes a plurality of electrically nonconductive members. Each electrically nonconductive member includes a plurality of apertures configured to receive power pins of the plurality of resistive heaters. The termination assembly includes a plurality of connectors configured to connect the power pins to the electrically nonconductive members. Each electrically nonconductive member includes a number of the plurality of connectors corresponding to a number of power pins being terminated. The termination assembly includes an electrical circuit embedded in or disposed on at least one of the plurality of electrically nonconductive members.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
F24H 15/407 - Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electrical switching, e.g. TRIAC
A method includes: emitting, by a controller, a stimulus at a heating surface of a heater assembly, the stimulus causing a disturbance to a predetermined temperature of the heating surface, wherein the heater assembly has the heating surface and a plurality of heating elements for heating a heating target; receiving, by a control system from the controller, stimulus information; and controlling, by the control system, the heater assembly to maintain a predetermined temperature profile on the heating surface based on the stimulus information from the controller.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H05B 3/22 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
43.
METHOD FOR JOINING QUARTZ PIECES AND QUARTZ ELECTRODES AND OTHER DEVICES OF JOINED QUARTZ
A method for joining quartz pieces using metallic aluminum as the joining element. The aluminum may be placed between two quartz pieces and the assembly may be heated in the range of 500 C to 650 C. The joining atmosphere may be non-oxygenated. A method for the joining of quartz pieces which may include barrier layers on the quartz pieces. The barrier layers may be impervious to aluminum diffusion and may be of a metal oxide or metal nitride. The quartz pieces with the barrier layers may then be joined at temperatures higher than 650 C and less than 1200 C. A device such as an RF antenna or electrode in support of semiconductor processing using joined quartz pieces wherein the aluminum joining layer which has joined the pieces and also functions as antenna electrode.
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
B32B 9/04 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups comprising such substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 37/04 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
A temperature sensing unit is provided, which includes a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of an object and a mounting member. The temperature sensor includes a portion bendable to conform to an outer surface of the object. The mounting member has ends attached to opposing ends of the portion of the temperature sensor and securing the temperature sensor on the object.
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
G01K 1/143 - Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations for measuring surface temperatures
G01K 7/04 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples the object to be measured not forming one of the thermoelectric materials
45.
Semiconductor substrate support with multiple electrodes and method for making same
A method for manufacturing an electrostatic chuck with multiple chucking electrodes made of ceramic pieces using metallic aluminum as the joining. The aluminum may be placed between two pieces and the assembly may be heated in the range of 770 C to 1200 C. The joining atmosphere may be non-oxygenated. After joining the exclusions in the electrode pattern may be machined by also machining through one of the plate layers. The machined exclusion slots may then be filled with epoxy or other material. An electrostatic chuck or other structure manufactured according to such methods.
B32B 9/04 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups comprising such substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
F16B 9/00 - Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
B32B 3/30 - Layered products essentially comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products essentially having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
B32B 7/14 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
H05B 1/00 - ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - Details of electric heating devices
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
A heater assembly includes a pair of heating sections and a coupling assembly. The heating sections each include a conductive portion. The coupling assembly includes a coupling enclosure and a coupling member disposed inside the coupling enclosure. The conductive portions of the pair of heating sections are connected by the coupling member inside the coupling enclosure.
H05B 3/44 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B 3/08 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
47.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE OF DEPOSITS IN FLUID FLOW CONDUITS
A method of detecting accumulation of material deposits within a fluid flow conduit includes providing, by a controller, an excitation signal to a heating element of the fluid flow conduit. The method includes obtaining, by the controller, thermodynamic data of the fluid flow conduit in response to providing the excitation signal, where the thermodynamic data includes heat flux data, diffusivity data, time data, temperature differential data, or a combination thereof. The method includes determining, by the controller, an amount of material deposits based on the thermodynamic data.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
48.
DEVICES FOR DETECTING MATERIAL DEPOSITS IN FLUID FLOW CONDUITS
A sensor for detecting material deposits in a fluid flow conduit includes a body and an array of pairs of temperature sensors disposed within the body, where each pair of temperature sensors is spaced a distance apart along a primary flow direction of the fluid flow conduit.
G01F 1/88 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
49.
High power density insulated exhaust heating system
A heating apparatus for a fluid flow system having a container body includes a heater element and a strip. The heater element is within the container body and includes an electrical resistance element, a sheath, and an insulating material. The sheath extends along a predefined path through the container body and surrounds the electrical resistance element along the predefined path. The insulating material is disposed about the electrical resistance element between the electrical resistance element and the sheath. The insulating material electrically insulates the electrical resistance element from the sheath. The strip is disposed inside the container body and defines a tortuous geometry that follows the predefined path. The strip defines a plurality of openings at discrete locations along the strip. The heater element extends through the plurality of openings and is configured to contact the strip at the discrete locations.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
F23G 7/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
50.
Method and system for controlling an electric heater using control on energy
A method for controlling a heated process of an electric heater includes obtaining a setpoint variable indicating a target temperature of the heater. The method includes identifying an energy profile for the heater based on the setpoint variable. The energy profile provides a defined magnitude of initial electrical energy to be applied to the heater to have a temperature of the heated process reach the target temperature. The method includes obtaining a process variable indicating a performance characteristic of the heated process. The method includes providing electrical energy to the heater based on at least one of the energy profile and the process variable.
G05D 23/19 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
G05B 19/4155 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
In one form, the present disclosure is directed toward a method for controlling temperature of a heater including a resistive heating element. The method includes applying power to the resistive heating element of the heater at a variable ramp rate to increase temperature of the heater to a desired temperature setpoint. The variable ramp rate is set to a desired ramp rate. The method further includes monitoring an electric current flowing through the resistive heating element of the heater, and reducing the variable ramp rate from the desired ramp rate to a permitted ramp rate in response to the electric current being greater than a lower limit of an electric current limit band. An upper limit of the electric current limit band is provided as a system current limit.
In one form, the present disclosure is directed toward a method of controlling temperature of a heater including a resistive heating element. The method includes applying power to the resistive heating element at a variable ramp rate to decrease temperature of the heater to a desired temperature setpoint, where the variable ramp rate is set to a desired ramp rate. The method further includes monitoring the temperature of the heater to detect a runaway condition and adjusting the variable ramp rate from the desired ramp rate to a permitted ramp rate in response to the runaway condition being detected.
A method of controlling a thermal system of an industrial process includes monitoring intermediate data, associating the intermediate data with correlation data, wherein the correlation data includes an internal process control input, an external heater control input, the output control, or a combination thereof. The method further includes generating a model that defines a relationship between the intermediate data and the correlation data, identifying a state of the heater system based on the model, and selectively performing a corrective action based on the identified state of the heater system.
G05B 19/4155 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
54.
MULTIPOINT SERIES SENSOR IN ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS
A temperature sensing system includes a plurality of resistive segments connected in electrical series. Each resistive segment defines a material different from a material of an adjacent resistive segment, and the plurality of resistive segments are joined at sensing junctions to define a plurality of sensing junctions along a length of the resistive segments. A temperature deviation is calculated from the plurality of sensing junctions based on electric potential at each of the sensing junctions.
A modular heater assembly includes resistive heaters disposed along sections of a fluid conduit system, insulation members around the resistive heaters, and at least one insulation block around a fitting. The fitting is configured to join at least two adjacent sections of the fluid conduit system and defines an exterior geometric profile. The insulation block includes a central recess extending axially in a direction of one of the at least two adjacent sections and defining an internal geometric profile substantially matching the external geometric profile of the fitting, and a peripheral aperture. The peripheral aperture is open to the central recess, defines an internal geometric profile substantially matching an external geometric profile of another of the at least two adjacent sections, extends through a sidewall of the insulation block, and is axially aligned with the another of the at least two adjacent sections.
A heating apparatus for heating fluid includes a container body, a plurality of electric heater elements, and a support structure. The container body defines a perimeter of a flow path for a fluid flowing through the container body. The plurality heater elements are exposed to the flow path. Each heater element includes a resistance element, sheath, and insulating material disposed about the resistance element between the resistance element and the sheath. The support structure includes a plurality of support sheets. The heater elements extend transversely through each support sheet and contact each support sheet to restrict movement of the heater elements and support the heater elements in the container body. The support sheets contact the sheaths of the electric heater elements to increase heat transfer to the fluid flowing through the flow path. Opposite ends of each support sheet are connected to the container body.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
F23G 7/00 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
57.
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE CALIBRATION METHODS FOR A RESISTIVE HEATER
A method of calibrating a heater includes powering the heater to a first temperature setpoint. The heater includes a resistive heating element that has a varying temperature coefficient of resistance. The method further includes concurrently obtaining a plurality of resistance measurements of the resistive heating element and a plurality of reference temperature measurements of a reference member as the heater cools from a first temperature setpoint to a second temperature setpoint that is lower than the first temperature setpoint, and generating a resistance-temperature calibration table that correlates the plurality of resistance measurements with the plurality of reference temperature measurements.
A method includes providing thermal energy to a component, determining a thermal response of the component in response to providing the thermal energy, and determining a thermal characteristic of the component based on a reference thermal response and the thermal response. The method includes predicting a surface condition of the component based on the thermal characteristic and a predictive analytic model, where the predictive analytic model correlates the thermal characteristic of the component to an estimated surface condition of the component.
G01N 25/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating
59.
RESISTANCE CALIBRATION AND MONITORING OF THERMAL SYSTEMS
A method of calibrating temperature of a resistive element having a material with a Curie temperature includes generating a standard resistance-temperature (R-T) curve for the resistive element in isothermal conditions to identify values of the R-T curve and an inflection point at the Curie temperature, generating operational R-T curves for the resistive element over an operational time period, comparing the standard R-T curve to the operational R-T curves, and adjusting the operational curves to the standard R-T curve at the Curie temperature to calibrate temperature of the resistive element.
G01K 7/18 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer
A heater includes a sintered assembly and a functional element disposed on one of opposing surfaces of the sintered assembly. The heater is manufactured by a method that includes hot pressing a ceramic powder and a plurality of first slugs and forming the sintered assembly including a ceramic substrate and the plurality of first slugs embedded therein, forming the functional element on the one opposing surface of the sintered assembly such that the functional element is connected to the plurality of first slugs, and forming a monolithic substrate in which the functional element and the plurality of first slugs are embedded.
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
61.
TERMINATION FEEDTHROUGH UNIT WITH CERAMIC INSULATOR FOR VACUUM AND CORROSIVE APPLICATIONS
An electrical termination unit or feedthrough which may be used for routing electrical conductors through a chamber wall, or otherwise across a barrier between isolated atmospheric conditions. The electrical termination unit may have aluminum as the interface material to the chamber interface and may utilize a ceramic insulator. The electrical termination unit may have the aluminum used as the interface brazed directly to a ceramic surface of the insulator. The aluminum that forms the chamber interface may be formed within a hollow ceramic tube in the same process step that brazes the aluminum to the ceramic tube with a hermetic joint. Machining subsequent to the brazing of the aluminum to the ceramic insulator may allow for achievement of the final form desired. A method for manufacturing such an electrical termination unit.
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
H02G 3/22 - Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. into buildings
H05G 2/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
A power converter system includes an input rectifier configured to rectify a line power having a line energy and a full-bridge isolating converter comprising a transformer, where the full-bridge isolating converter is configured to generate an isolated output voltage based on the rectified line power, and where the isolated output voltage is electrically isolated from the line energy. The power converter system includes a power controller configured to operate the full-bridge isolating converter to generate the isolated output voltage, determine whether the transformer is operating in a flux walk state based on an electric current of the transformer, and perform a corrective action in response to the transformer operating in the flux walk state.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
A method of dynamically calibrating a heater having a plurality of zones defined by one or more resistive heating elements includes controlling power to a heater having a plurality of zones based on a dynamic resistance-temperature (R-T) model to control a temperature of the heater to a temperature setpoint. For each of the plurality of zones, the method further includes measuring a temperature of a respective zone based on a resistance of the resistive heating elements of the respective zone and the dynamic R-T model, measuring a reference temperature for the respective zone, and incrementally adjusting a resistance value associated with the temperature setpoint provided in the dynamic R-T model for the respective zone to a calibrated resistance value. The method further includes providing the dynamic R-T model that correlates the calibrated resistance values of the plurality of zones with the temperature setpoint as a calibrated R-T model.
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/19 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
A heater bundle includes a plurality of heater assemblies, at least one of the heater assemblies including a plurality of heater units, at least one of the heater units defining at least one independently controlled heating zone. A thermal provision is configured to modify a thermal conductance along a length of the at least one heater assembly to compensate for non-uniform temperatures within at least one heater unit. The heater bundle includes a power supply device including a controller configured to modulate power to the independently controlled heating zone through the power conductors based on the determined temperature to provide a desired power output along a length of at least one heater assembly.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
65.
HEATER BUNDLES HAVING VARIABLE POWER OUTPUT WITHIN ZONES
A heater system includes a heater bundle with heater assemblies, at least one of the heater assemblies having a plurality of heater units, at least one heater unit having an independently controlled heating zone, and the at least one heater assembly having a physical construction configured to deliver a variable power output per unit length along a length of the at least one heater assembly. A plurality of power conductors are electrically connected to the plurality of heater units and the heater system further includes a means for determining temperature. A power supply device includes a controller configured to modulate power to the independently controlled heating zone through the power conductors based on the determined temperature to provide a desired power output along a length of the at least one heater assembly.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
A heater system includes a heater bundle. The heater bundle includes at least one heater assembly, where the heater assembly includes a plurality of heater units, and more than one of the heater units defines at least one independently controlled heating zone. The heater bundle includes a plurality of power conductors electrically connected to the independently controlled heating zone. The heater system includes means for determining temperature and at least one power switch, the power switch disposed proximate the heater bundle. The heater system includes at least one controller configured to modulate power to the independently controlled heating zones through the power conductors based on the determined temperature to provide a desired power output along a length of the heater assembly. The controller is configured to provide power to the power switch.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
67.
HEATER BUNDLES HAVING VIRTUAL SENSING FOR THERMAL GRADIENT COMPENSATION
A system includes a heater bundle having at least one heater assembly with a plurality of heater units. At least one of the heater units defines at least one independently controlled heating zone, and a plurality of power conductors are electrically connected to the heater units. A power supply device includes a controller configured to modulate power to the at least one independently controlled heating zone through the power conductors, and the controller is configured to calculate temperature within the at least one heater unit based on a predefined model and at least one input, and the controller modulates power to the at least one heater unit based on the calculated temperature.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
68.
Nickel-carbon and nickel-cobalt-carbon brazes and brazing processes for joining ceramics and metals and semiconductor processing and industrial equipment using same
A brazing process using Nickel(Ni)-Carbon as graphite(Cg) alloys, Ni-Cg-Molybdenum(Mo) alloys, and Ni-Cobalt(Co)-Cg-Mo alloys for brazing together ceramics, ceramics to metals, metals to metals. Semiconductor processing equipment made with the use of Ni-Cg alloys, such as heaters and chucks. Semiconductor processing equipment components and industrial equipment components using a highly wear resistant surface layer, such as sapphire, joined to a substrate such as a ceramic, with a Ni-Cg alloy braze.
An electric heater includes a first busbar, a second busbar, a third busbar, a neutral busbar, a plurality of first heating elements, a plurality of second heating elements, and a plurality of third heating element. A first end of each first heating element is coupled to the first busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each first heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith. A first end of each second heating element is coupled to the second busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each second heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith. A first end of each third heating element is coupled to the third busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each third heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith.
A method for monitoring a semiconductor processing system including a gas delivery system, a thermal system, and a fluid flow line includes obtaining a plurality of operational data from the gas delivery system, the thermal system, or a combination thereof and determining a performance characteristic of the fluid flow line based on one or more operational data of the plurality of operational data. The method includes identifying one or more locations associated with the one or more operational data in a reference virtual model and generating a dynamic state model of the fluid flow line based on the reference virtual model, the one or more identified locations, and the determined performance characteristic, where the dynamic state model is a digital representation of the fluid flow line.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
71.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER TO A HEATER
A method includes selecting a state model control, as an operational state of the heater, from among a plurality of state model controls, measuring an electrical characteristic of the heater, where the electrical characteristic includes at least one of an electric current and a voltage, and controlling power to the heater based on the selected operational state and based on the measured electrical characteristic.
G01R 19/22 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of ac into dc
F24D 11/02 - Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
A method for the joining of ceramic pieces with a hermetically sealed joint comprising brazing a layer of joining material between the two pieces. The ceramic pieces may be aluminum nitride or other ceramics, and the pieces may be brazed with a high purity silicon or a silicon alloy under controlled atmosphere. The joint material is adapted to later withstand both the environments within a process chamber during substrate processing, and the oxygenated atmosphere which may be seen within the interior of a heater or electrostatic chuck.
B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
B23K 35/28 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950°C
B23K 35/30 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
C04B 35/581 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
73.
Ceramic heater and method of forming using transient liquid phase bonding
A heater includes an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate and a heating layer. The heating layer is made from a molybdenum material and is bonded to the AlN substrate via transient liquid phase bonding. The heater can also include a routing layer and a plurality of first conductive vias connecting the heating layer to the routing layer. The routing layer and the plurality of first conductive vias can be made from the molybdenum material and at least one of the routing layer and the plurality of first conductive vias are bonded to the AlN substrate via a transient liquid phase bond. A plurality of second conductive vias connecting the routing layer to a surface of the AlN substrate can be included and the plurality of second conductive vias are made of the molybdenum material and can be bonded to the AlN substrate via a transient liquid phase bond.
H05B 3/28 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
B23K 20/02 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press
C04B 35/581 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
C04B 37/02 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H05B 3/12 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
A method of constructing an E-puck includes forming at least one trench into a lower substrate, depositing an electrode material onto the lower substrate and into the at least one trench, removing excess electrode material from the lower substrate to leave the electrode material within the at least one trench to form an electrode, and forming a dielectric on the lower substrate and the electrode such that the electrode is between the lower substrate and the upper substrate. Forming the at least one trench into the lower substrate forms at least one standoff portion adjacent to the at least one trench and the at least one standoff portion reduces dishing of the electrode material during removal of the excess electrode material from the lower substrate.
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
An electrostatic chuck is formed by depositing a diffuser layer onto an electrostatic puck and removing areas of the diffuser layer to form discrete diffuser segments separated by gaps. The discrete diffuser segments may define continuous concentric rings, discontinuous concentric rings, or a combination of continuous concentric rings and discontinuous concentric rings. The discrete diffuser segments are separated from each other by forming at least one trench in the diffuser layer. The trench may extend partially through the diffuser layer, completely through the diffuser layer to the electrostatic puck, or have a first portion that extends partially through the diffuser layer and a second portion that extends completely through the diffuser layer. Also, the trench can have a constant width or have a variable width.
H05B 3/68 - Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
76.
Resistive heater with temperature sensing power pins
A heater system includes a plurality of heater cores defining zones, a plurality of power pins extending through each of the heater cores and made of different conductive materials, and at least one jumper connected between two of the plurality of power pins being made of dissimilar materials. The jumper is in communication with a controller to obtain a temperature reading of the heater system proximate the jumper.
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B 3/54 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
A method of manufacturing a support pedestal for use in semiconductor processing includes applying a protective layer on a conductive member of the support pedestal with an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The support pedestal has a support plate bonded to a tubular shaft. The support plate has a substrate, an electric element embedded in the substrate, and a conductive member connected to the electric element, and the tubular shaft defines an internal chamber. The ALD process introducing first precursors into the chamber of the tubular shaft to form a first monolayer on the conductive member, and introducing second precursors into the chamber of the tubular shaft to form a second monolayer on the first monolayer.
H01L 21/00 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/458 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
78.
Resistive heater with temperature sensing power pins
A heater for use in fluid immersion heating includes a plurality of resistive heating elements, and a plurality sets of power pins electrically connected to the plurality of heating elements. Each set of power pins includes a first power pin made of a first conductive material, and a second power pin made of a second conductive material that is dissimilar from the first conductive material of the first power pin. The first power pin is electrically connected to the second power pin to form a junction. The second power pin is electrically connected to the corresponding resistive heating element. The junctions between the first power pins and the second power pins are disposed at different heights in order to sense a level of the fluid.
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
H05B 3/54 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
A heater assembly includes a continuous series of perforated helical members and a plurality of electrical resistance heating elements. The perforated helical members cooperate to define a geometric helicoid disposed about a longitudinal axis of the heater assembly. Each perforated helical member defines opposed edges and a predetermined pattern of perforations. The perforations extend through each perforated helical member parallel to the longitudinal axis. The heating elements extend through the perforations.
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28F 9/013 - Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28D 7/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
A method of monitoring a condition of a dynamic system includes installing a vibration signal acquisition device at a predetermined location of the dynamic system, acquiring vibration signals by the vibration signal acquisition device, analyzing the vibration signals in a frequency domain, and predicting a change in the condition of the dynamic system based on the vibration signals in the frequency domain. A system is also provided, and a condition of the dynamic system includes clogging.
G01M 7/00 - Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
83.
Industrial control projective capacitive touch interface
An industrial control device includes a display, a body, and a controller. The body includes a capacitive slider sensor, a graphic, and a window. The graphic overlaps the capacitive slider sensor. The window is transparent and aligned with the display to permit the display to be viewed through the window. The controller is coupled to an output of the capacitive slider sensor to receive signals from the capacitive slider sensor. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to control the display.
H05K 7/14 - Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
G06F 3/041 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
H01R 13/514 - Bases; Cases formed as a modular block or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
84.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CALIBRATING A CONTROL SYSTEM OPERATING AN ELECTRIC HEATER
A method for calibrating a control system configured to control a two-wire heater includes providing power to a load electrically coupled to the control system, generating, an initial measured characteristic and a calibrated measured characteristic of the load by the control system and a controller calibration system, respectively. The method further includes defining a calibrated measurement reference based on a correlation of the initial measured characteristic and the calibrated measured characteristic. With the calibrated measure reference, the control system is further calibrated to define a resistance-temperature calibration reference for determining a working temperature of the two-wire heater based on a measured resistance of the two-wire heater.
H05B 3/26 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.
F01N 9/00 - Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
F01N 11/00 - Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
G01F 1/68 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
G05D 23/185 - Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H05B 3/20 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/30 - Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
G01F 1/86 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/021 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
H01C 7/02 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
H01C 7/04 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
A sensor assembly includes a power source configured to store and output electrical power, a wireless communication component, a sensor, and a microprocessor electrically coupled to the power source, the wireless communication component, and the sensor. The microprocessor is configured to receive a startup command. In response to receiving the startup command, the microprocessor is configured to determine whether an amount of electrical power stored by the power source is sufficient to complete the startup command, receive the electrical power output by the power source during a first time period in response to the amount of power being sufficient to complete the startup command, and receive the electrical power output by the power source during a second time period in response to the amount of power being insufficient to complete the startup command, where the second time period is greater than the first time period.
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
H04B 1/38 - Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
A sensor assembly includes a housing that defines an interior space. The sensor assembly includes a sensor connected to the housing at the aperture. The sensor assembly includes a wireless power source disposed within the interior space. The sensor assembly includes electronics disposed within the interior space and configured to receive power from the wireless power source. The electronics include a communication board and a sensor connector, and the sensor is configured to transmit data to the communication board via the sensor connector.
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
H04B 1/38 - Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
88.
Electrostatic chuck for clamping in high temperature semiconductor processing and method of making same
An electrostatic chuck with a top surface adapted for Johnsen-Rahbek clamping in the temperature range of 500 C to 750 C. The top surface may be sapphire. The top surface is attached to the lower portion of the electrostatic chuck using a braze layer able to withstand corrosive processing chemistries. A method of manufacturing an electrostatic chuck with a top surface adapted for Johnsen-Rahbek clamping in the temperature range of 500 C to 750 C.
H01T 23/00 - Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
H01L 21/683 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping
B23Q 3/15 - Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
B23K 1/20 - Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
A heater includes a first power pin and a second power pin made of dissimilar materials, and a resistive heating element made of a material different from those of the first and second power pins. The resistive heating element includes a first end electrically and directly connected to the first power pin to form a first thermocouple junction and a second end and electrically and directly connected to the second power pin to form a second thermocouple junction. The first and second power pins perform a dual function of supplying power to the resistive heating element and detecting changes in voltage at the first and second thermocouple junctions without interrupting the power supplied to the resistive heating element.
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
A heater assembly and method of controlling the heater assembly is provided. The heater assembly includes a resistive heater and a substrate, and the resistive heater comprises a plurality of heating zones disposed along a perimeter of the substrate. Each of the plurality of heating zones are independently controllable such that azimuthal temperature control of the heater assembly is provided. The plurality of resistive heating elements may be connected in series and have a common ground electrical lead. In the alternative, the plurality of resistive heating elements may each have a ground electrical lead and be isolated from each other.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
H01L 21/687 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
A temperature limiting device for a thermal system includes a modular unit that is configured to connect to a two-wire heater of the thermal system. More particularly, the modular unit includes a heater interface configured to connect to a two-wire heater of the thermal system, a power interface configured to connect to a power source to receive power; and a controller including a sensor circuit. The sensor circuit is configured to measure an electrical characteristic of the two-wire heater, which includes voltage, current, or a combination thereof. The controller is configured to calculate a temperature of the thermal system based on the measured electrical characteristic and determine whether the temperature is greater than a temperature setpoint.
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
92.
Method of manufacturing and adjusting a resistive heater
A method of adjusting a watt density distribution of a resistive heater includes designing a baseline heater circuit. A detection circuit is designed having a constant trace watt density and the detection circuit overlaps the baseline heater circuit. The detection circuit is manufactured, and its baseline thermal map is obtained. The baseline heater circuit is manufactured, and a nominal thermal map is obtained. A subsequent detection circuit is manufactured, and an actual thermal map is obtained. A subtraction thermal image is created by subtracting the baseline thermal map from the actual thermal map, and a subsequent baseline heater circuit is modified according to the subtraction thermal image.
A control system for use in a fluid flow application includes a heater and a control device. The heater has at least one resistive heating element and the heater is operable to heat fluid. The control device determines at least one flow characteristic of a fluid flow based on a heat loss of the at least one resistive heating element and determines a mass flow rate of the fluid based on the at least one flow characteristic and a property of the at least one resistive heating element. And the property of the at least one resistive heating element includes a change in resistance of the at least one resistive heating element under a given heat flux density.
F01N 9/00 - Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
F01N 11/00 - Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
G01F 1/68 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
G05D 23/185 - Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H05B 3/20 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/30 - Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
G01F 1/86 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
94.
Heater element having targeted decreasing temperature resistance characteristics
A method for operating a heater system including a resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile is provided. The method includes heating the resistive heating element to within a limited temperature range in which the resistive heating element exhibits a negative dR/dT characteristic, operating the resistive heating element within an operating temperature range that at least partially overlaps the limited temperature range, and determining a temperature of the resistive heating element such that the resistive heating element functions as both a heater and a temperature sensor. The resistive heating element can function as a temperature sensor in a temperature range between about 500° C. and about 800° C., and the non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile for the material of the resistive heating element can have a local maximum and a local minimum.
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
F01N 11/00 - Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
G01F 1/68 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
F01N 9/00 - Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
G05D 23/185 - Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H05B 3/20 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/30 - Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
G01F 1/86 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/021 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
H01C 7/02 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
H01C 7/04 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
95.
System and method for axial zoning of heating power
A heater system for an exhaust system is provided. The heater system includes a heater disposed in an exhaust conduit. The heater includes a plurality of heating elements disposed in the exhaust conduit. A heating control module controls the plurality of heating elements differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating element. In other forms, the heater system for an exhaust system has a plurality of heating zones, instead of a plurality of heating elements. The heating control module controls the plurality of heating zones differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating zone.
F01N 13/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
F01N 9/00 - Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
F01N 11/00 - Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
G01F 1/68 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
G05D 23/185 - Control of temperature with auxiliary non-electric power
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F02D 41/22 - Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
G01M 15/05 - Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
H05B 3/20 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
G05D 23/30 - Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
G01F 1/86 - Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature, or pressure
H05B 3/18 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
F01N 3/023 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/021 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
H01C 7/02 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
H01C 7/04 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
The present disclosure generally describes a method and system for converting power to operate a load being supplied by line power having a line energy. The method includes rectifying the line power, bucking the rectified line power to generate a desired voltage output such that current is drawn from the line power in phase with the desired voltage output, and bypassing switching energy created during the bucking of the rectified line power.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
G01R 19/257 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with comparison of different reference values with the value of voltage or current, e.g. using step-by-step method
G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
F24D 11/02 - Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
A power converter system provides adjustable power to a heater and includes an input rectifier and a full-bridge isolating converter. The input rectifier is configured to rectify a line power having a line energy. The full-bridge isolating converter configured to generate an isolated output voltage based on the rectified line power. The isolated output voltage is electrically isolated from the line energy.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
A control system includes a power converter being a step-down voltage converter and including a power switch. The power converter is operable to generate an adjustable output voltage and includes a sensor circuit configured to measure at least one of a voltage and an electric current of the heater. The control system includes a controller connected to the power converter and the sensor circuit. The controller is configured to determine an input parameter based on the at least one of the voltage and the electric current. The input parameter is indicative of a temperature of the heater. The controller is configured to set the output voltage applied for the heater based on the input parameter and a desired setpoint. The desired setpoint is based on an operational state of the heater. The controller is configured to operate the power switch of the power converter to generate the output voltage.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
G01R 19/257 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with comparison of different reference values with the value of voltage or current, e.g. using step-by-step method
G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
F24D 11/02 - Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
99.
Modular heater assembly with interchangeable auxiliary sensing junctions
A heater system is provided, which includes a plurality of heaters, a controller for supplying power to the plurality of heaters, a plurality sets of auxiliary wires extending from the plurality of heaters, and a wire harness for connecting the plurality sets of auxiliary wires to the controller. Each set of auxiliary wires includes three wires, two of the three wires being made of different materials and being joined to form a thermocouple junction, such that each of the plurality of heaters is operable to function as both a heater and a temperature sensor.
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/78 - Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
100.
Heater bundle for adaptive control and method of reducing current leakage
A heater system includes a heater bundle. The heater bundle includes a plurality of heater assemblies. Each heater assembly includes a plurality of heater units and an insulating material, and each heater unit defines at least one independently controlled heating zone. The heater bundle includes power conductors electrically connected to each of the independently controlled heating zones in each of the heater units. The heater bundle includes a power supply device configured to modulate power to each of the independently controlled heater zones of the heater units through the power conductors. A voltage is selectively supplied to each of the independently controlled heating zones such that a reduced number of independently controlled heating zones receives the voltage at a time or at least a subset of the independently controlled heating zones receive a reduced voltage at all times.
F24H 9/20 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
H05B 3/48 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
patents
