IPC Classification

All sections
H - Electricity
H04L - Transmission of digital information, e.g. telegraphic communication

H04L 1/00	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 1/02	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
H04L 1/04	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using frequency diversity
H04L 1/06	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
H04L 1/08	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
H04L 1/12	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
H04L 1/14	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the signals are sent back to the transmitter to be checked
H04L 1/16	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/18	Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
H04L 1/20	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal-quality detector
H04L 1/22	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
H04L 1/24	Testing correct operation
H04L 1/1607	Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals - Details of the supervisory signal
H04L 1/1803	Stop-and-wait protocols
H04L 1/1806	Go-back-N protocols
H04L 1/1809	Selective-repeat protocols
H04L 1/1812	Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
H04L 1/1822	Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems involving configuration of automatic repeat request [ARQ] with parallel processes
H04L 1/1825	Adaptation of specific ARQ protocol parameters according to transmission conditions
H04L 1/1829	Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
H04L 1/1867	Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
H04L 5/00	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04L 5/02	Channels characterised by the type of signal
H04L 5/04	Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different amplitudes or polarities, e.g. quadriplex
H04L 5/06	Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies
H04L 5/08	Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies each combination of signals in different channels being represented by a fixed frequency
H04L 5/10	Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies with mechanical filters or demodulators
H04L 5/12	Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different phase modulations of a single carrier
H04L 5/14	Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
H04L 5/16	Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals
H04L 5/18	Automatic changing of the traffic direction
H04L 5/20	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using different combinations of lines, e.g. phantom working
H04L 5/22	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using time-division multiplexing
H04L 5/24	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using time-division multiplexing with start-stop synchronous converters
H04L 5/26	Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path using time-division multiplexing combined with the use of different frequencies
H04L 7/00	Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
H04L 7/02	Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
H04L 7/04	Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
H04L 7/06	Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals the synchronisation signals differing from the information signals in amplitude, polarity, or frequency
H04L 7/08	Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically
H04L 7/10	Arrangements for initial synchronisation
H04L 7/027	Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information extracting the synchronising or clock signal from the received signal spectrum, e.g. by using a resonant or bandpass circuit
H04L 7/033	Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
H04L 9/00	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
H04L 9/06	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/08	Key distribution
H04L 9/10	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols with particular housing, physical features or manual controls
H04L 9/12	Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner
H04L 9/14	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
H04L 9/16	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms the keys or algorithms being changed during operation
H04L 9/18	Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems
H04L 9/20	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence
H04L 9/22	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence with particular pseudorandom sequence generator
H04L 9/24	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence with particular pseudorandom sequence generator sequence produced by more than one generator
H04L 9/26	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence with particular pseudorandom sequence generator producing a nonlinear pseudorandom sequence
H04L 9/28	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using particular encryption algorithm
H04L 9/30	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
H04L 9/32	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/34	Bits, or blocks of bits, of the telegraphic message being interchanged in time
H04L 9/36	Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols with means for detecting characters not meant for transmission
H04L 9/38	Encryption being effected by mechanical apparatus, e.g. rotating cams, switches, keytape punchers
H04L 9/40	Network security protocols
H04L 12/00	Data switching networks
H04L 12/02	Data switching networks - Details
H04L 12/04	Switchboards
H04L 12/06	Answer-back mechanisms or circuits
H04L 12/08	Allotting numbers to messages; Counting characters, words or messages
H04L 12/10	Current supply arrangements
H04L 12/12	Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
H04L 12/14	Charging arrangements
H04L 12/16	Arrangements for providing special services to substations
H04L 12/18	Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference
H04L 12/20	Arrangements for providing special services to substations for converting transmission speed from the inherent speed of a substation to the inherent speed of other substations
H04L 12/22	Arrangements for preventing the taking of data from a data transmission channel without authorisation
H04L 12/24	Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04L 12/26	Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
H04L 12/28	Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
H04L 12/40	Bus networks
H04L 12/42	Loop networks
H04L 12/43	Loop networks with decentralised control with synchronous transmission, e.g. time division multiplex (TDM), slotted rings
H04L 12/44	Star or tree networks
H04L 12/46	Interconnection of networks
H04L 12/50	Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication
H04L 12/52	Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication using time division techniques
H04L 12/54	Store-and-forward switching systems
H04L 12/56	Packet switching systems
H04L 12/58	Message switching systems
H04L 12/60	Manual relay systems, e.g. push-button switching
H04L 12/62	Manual relay systems, e.g. push-button switching with perforated tape storage
H04L 12/64	Hybrid switching systems
H04L 12/66	Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
H04L 12/70	Packet switching systems
H04L 12/403	Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
H04L 12/407	Bus networks with decentralised control
H04L 12/413	Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA-CD)
H04L 12/417	Bus networks with decentralised control with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
H04L 12/423	Loop networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
H04L 12/427	Loop networks with decentralised control
H04L 12/433	Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
H04L 12/437	Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration
H04L 12/701	Routing or path finding
H04L 12/703	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP]
H04L 12/705	Loop or livelock prevention, e.g. time to live [TTL] or spanning tree
H04L 12/707	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using path redundancy
H04L 12/709	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using path redundancy using M+N parallel active paths
H04L 12/711	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using path redundancy using M:N active or standby paths
H04L 12/713	Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
H04L 12/715	Hierarchical routing, e.g. clustered networks or inter-domain routing
H04L 12/717	Centralised routing
H04L 12/721	Routing procedures, e.g. shortest path routing, source routing, link state routing or distance vector routing
H04L 12/723	Label or tag based routing, e.g. multi-protocol label switching [MPLS] or generalised multi-protocol label switching [GMPLS]
H04L 12/725	Selecting a path with suitable quality of service [QoS]
H04L 12/727	Selecting a path with minimum delay
H04L 12/729	Selecting a path with suitable bandwidth or throughput
H04L 12/733	Selecting a path with minimum length or minimum hop count
H04L 12/735	Disjoint routing, e.g. path disjoint or node disjoint
H04L 12/741	Header address processing for routing, e.g. table lookup
H04L 12/743	Header address processing for routing, e.g. table lookup using hashing techniques
H04L 12/745	Header address processing for routing, e.g. table lookup using longest matching prefix
H04L 12/747	Address caching
H04L 12/749	Address processing over inter-domain or inter-network, e.g. mapping different addresses between IPv6 and IPv4 networks for routing
H04L 12/751	Topology update or discovery
H04L 12/753	Routing tree discovery, e.g. converting from mesh topology to tree topology
H04L 12/755	Topology update consistency, e.g. link state advertisement [LSA], time stamping or sequence numbers in the updates
H04L 12/757	Synchronised activation of routing updates, e.g. delaying or holding routing table updates
H04L 12/759	Dynamic adaptation of update interval, e.g. event-driven updates
H04L 12/761	Broadcast or multicast routing
H04L 12/763	Shortcut routing, e.g. next hop resolution protocol [NHRP]
H04L 12/771	Router architecture
H04L 12/773	Router architecture for supporting layer 3 switching, e.g. IP switching, cell switch relay [CSR] or tag switching
H04L 12/775	Router architecture multiple routing entities, e.g. multiple software or hardware instances
H04L 12/781	Multiprotocol routing, e.g. for protocol adaptation between IPv4 and IPv6 or dual stack
H04L 12/801	Flow control or congestion control
H04L 12/803	Load balancing, e.g. traffic distribution over multiple links
H04L 12/805	Determination of the optimum packet size, e.g. maximum transmission unit [MTU]
H04L 12/807	Calculation or update of the congestion window
H04L 12/811	Bitrate adaptation in active flows
H04L 12/813	Policy-based control, e.g. policing
H04L 12/815	Shaping
H04L 12/819	Leaky bucket
H04L 12/823	Packet dropping
H04L 12/825	Adaptive control, at the source or intermediate nodes, upon congestion feedback, e.g. X-on X-off
H04L 12/827	Adaptive control, at the source or intermediate nodes, upon congestion feedback, e.g. X-on X-off sent by intermediate network nodes
H04L 12/829	Adaptive control, at the source or intermediate nodes, upon congestion feedback, e.g. X-on X-off sent by the destination endpoint
H04L 12/833	Marking packets or altering packet priority upon congestion or for congestion prevention
H04L 12/835	Bitrate adaptation in active flows using buffer capacity information at the endpoints or transit nodes
H04L 12/841	Flow control actions using time consideration, e.g. round trip time [RTT]
H04L 12/851	Traffic type related actions, e.g. QoS or priority
H04L 12/853	Traffic type related actions, e.g. QoS or priority for real time traffic
H04L 12/855	Traffic type related actions, e.g. QoS or priority for signalling traffic, e.g. operations, administration and maintenance [OAM] or acknowledge [ACK] packets
H04L 12/857	Mapping QoS constraints between layers or between different networks
H04L 12/859	Flow control actions based on the nature of the application, e.g. controlling web browsing or e-mail traffic
H04L 12/861	Packet buffering or queuing arrangements; Queue scheduling
H04L 12/863	Queue scheduling, e.g. Round Robin
H04L 12/865	Priority-based scheduling
H04L 12/867	Fair share scheduling
H04L 12/869	Multilevel scheduling; Hierarchical scheduling
H04L 12/873	Bandwidth-aware scheduling
H04L 12/875	Delay-aware scheduling
H04L 12/877	Distribution of residual bandwidth, e.g. distribution of unused bandwidth to best effort traffic [BET]
H04L 12/879	Single buffer operations, e.g. buffer pointers or buffer descriptors
H04L 12/883	Packet storage using a linked list of buffers
H04L 12/885	Jitter compensation buffering
H04L 12/891	Flow control of aggregated links or flows
H04L 12/893	Connection splitting, e.g. IP splitting
H04L 12/901	Ingress point selection by the source endpoint, e.g. Internet service provider [ISP] or point of presence [POP] selection
H04L 12/903	Selection among a plurality of different networks
H04L 12/905	Dynamic network selection or re-selection, e.g. after degradation of quality
H04L 12/911	Network admission control and resource allocation, e.g. bandwidth allocation or in-call renegotiation
H04L 12/913	Reservation actions involving intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
H04L 12/915	Reservation actions involving several network domains, e.g. multilateral agreements or mapping of resources
H04L 12/917	Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network
H04L 12/919	Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network initiated by the source endpoint
H04L 12/923	Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network initiated by the network
H04L 12/925	Reservation of resources at the destination endpoint
H04L 12/927	Allocation of resources based on type of traffic, QoS or priority
H04L 12/931	Switch fabric architecture
H04L 12/933	Switch core, e.g. crossbar, shared memory or shared medium
H04L 12/935	Switch interfaces, e.g. port details
H04L 12/937	Switch control, e.g. arbitration
H04L 12/939	Provisions for redundant switching, e.g. using parallel switching planes
H04L 12/943	Transferring a complete packet or cell from each plane
H04L 12/945	Transferring a part of the packet or cell from each plane, e.g. bit slice
H04L 12/947	Address processing within a device, e.g. using internal ID or tags for routing within a switch
H04L 12/951	Assembling and disassembling of packets, e.g. segmentation and reassembly [SAR] in asynchronous transfer mode [ATM]
H04L 12/953	Packet sequencing arrangements for supporting message reassembly, e.g. packet sequence number
H04L 12/955	Padding or de-padding, e.g. inserting or removing dummy data in or from unused packet segments
H04L 13/00	TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION - Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups or
H04L 13/02	TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION - Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups or - Details not particular to receiver or transmitter
H04L 13/04	Driving mechanisms; Clutches
H04L 13/06	Tape or page guiding or feeding devices
H04L 13/08	Intermediate storage means
H04L 13/10	Distributors
H04L 13/12	Non-mechanical distributors, e.g. relay distributors
H04L 13/14	Electronic distributors
H04L 13/16	TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION - Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups or of transmitters, e.g. code-bars, code-discs
H04L 13/18	TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION - Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups or of receivers
H04L 15/00	Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving dot-and-dash codes, e.g. Morse code
H04L 15/03	Keys structurally combined with sound generators
H04L 15/04	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end
H04L 15/06	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with a restricted number of keys, e.g. separate key for each type of code element
H04L 15/08	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with a restricted number of keys, e.g. separate key for each type of code element with a single key which transmits dots in one position and dashes in a second position
H04L 15/10	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with a restricted number of keys, e.g. separate key for each type of code element combined with perforating apparatus
H04L 15/12	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-bars
H04L 15/14	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-bars combined with perforating apparatus
H04L 15/16	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code discs
H04L 15/18	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape
H04L 15/20	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape with optical sensing means
H04L 15/22	Apparatus or circuits for sending one or a restricted number of signals, e.g. distress signals
H04L 15/24	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
H04L 15/26	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end operating only on reception of predetermined code signals, e.g. distress signals, party-line call signals
H04L 15/28	Code reproducing apparatus
H04L 15/30	Writing recorders
H04L 15/32	Perforating recorders
H04L 15/34	Apparatus for recording received coded signals after translation, e.g. as type-characters
H04L 17/00	Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving codes wherein each character is represented by the same number of equal-length code elements, e.g. Baudot code
H04L 17/02	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end
H04L 17/04	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-bars
H04L 17/06	Contact operating means
H04L 17/08	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-bars combined with perforating apparatus
H04L 17/10	Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-discs
H04L 17/12	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape
H04L 17/14	Automatic transmitters, e.g. controlled by perforated tape with optical sensing means
H04L 17/16	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
H04L 17/18	Code selection mechanisms
H04L 17/20	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using perforating recorders
H04L 17/22	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using mechanical translation and type-bar printing
H04L 17/24	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using mechanical translation and type-head printing, e.g. type-wheel, type-cylinder
H04L 17/26	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using aggregate motion translation
H04L 17/28	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using pneumatic or hydraulic translation
H04L 17/30	Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using electric or electronic translation
H04L 19/00	Apparatus or local circuits for step-by-step systems
H04L 21/00	Apparatus or local circuits for mosaic printer telegraph systems
H04L 21/02	Apparatus or local circuits for mosaic printer telegraph systems at the transmitting end
H04L 21/04	Apparatus or local circuits for mosaic printer telegraph systems at the receiving end
H04L 23/00	Apparatus or local circuits for telegraphic systems other than those covered by groups
H04L 23/02	Apparatus or local circuits for telegraphic systems other than those covered by groups adapted for orthogonal signalling
H04L 25/00	Baseband systems
H04L 25/02	Baseband systems - Details
H04L 25/03	Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
H04L 25/04	Passive shaping networks
H04L 25/05	Electric or magnetic storage of signals before transmitting or retransmitting for changing the transmission rate
H04L 25/06	Dc level restoring means; Bias distortion correction
H04L 25/08	Modifications for reducing interference; Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults
H04L 25/10	Compensating for variations in line balance
H04L 25/12	Compensating for variations in line impedance
H04L 25/14	Channel dividing arrangements
H04L 25/17	Interpolating arrangements
H04L 25/18	Arrangements for inductively generating telegraphic signals
H04L 25/20	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
H04L 25/22	Repeaters for converting two wires to four wires; Repeaters for converting single current to double current
H04L 25/24	Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L 25/26	Circuits with optical sensing means
H04L 25/28	Repeaters using modulation and subsequent demodulation
H04L 25/30	Non-synchronous systems
H04L 25/32	Non-synchronous systems characterised by the code employed
H04L 25/34	Non-synchronous systems characterised by the code employed using three or more different amplitudes, e.g. cable code
H04L 25/38	Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
H04L 25/40	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
H04L 25/42	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using mechanical distributors
H04L 25/44	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using relay distributors
H04L 25/45	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using electronic distributors
H04L 25/46	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using tuning forks or vibrating reeds
H04L 25/48	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits characterised by the code employed
H04L 25/49	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels
H04L 25/52	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
H04L 25/54	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits using mechanical distributors
H04L 25/56	Non-electrical regenerative repeaters
H04L 25/58	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits using relay distributors
H04L 25/60	Regenerative repeaters with electromagnetic switches
H04L 25/62	Repeater circuits; Relay circuits using tuning forks or vibrating reeds
H04L 25/64	Start-stop regenerative repeaters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L 25/66	Synchronous repeaters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H04L 25/493	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels by transition coding, i.e. the time-position or direction of a transition being encoded before transmission
H04L 25/497	Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using three or more amplitude levels by correlative coding, e.g. partial response coding or echo modulation coding
H04L 27/00	Modulated-carrier systems
H04L 27/01	Equalisers
H04L 27/02	Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on/off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
H04L 27/04	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L 27/06	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L 27/08	Amplitude regulation arrangements
H04L 27/10	Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
H04L 27/12	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L 27/14	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L 27/16	Frequency regulation arrangements
H04L 27/18	Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
H04L 27/20	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L 27/22	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L 27/24	Half-wave signalling systems
H04L 27/26	Systems using multi-frequency codes
H04L 27/28	Systems using multi-frequency codes with simultaneous transmission of different frequencies each representing one code element
H04L 27/30	Systems using multi-frequency codes wherein each code element is represented by a combination of frequencies
H04L 27/32	Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups , , , or
H04L 27/34	Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
H04L 27/36	Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
H04L 27/38	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
H04L 27/144	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using spectral properties of the received signal, e.g. by using frequency selective- or frequency sensitive elements
H04L 27/148	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using spectral properties of the received signal, e.g. by using frequency selective- or frequency sensitive elements using filters, including PLL-type filters
H04L 27/152	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using spectral properties of the received signal, e.g. by using frequency selective- or frequency sensitive elements using controlled oscillators, e.g. PLL arrangements
H04L 27/156	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using temporal properties of the received signal, e.g. detecting pulse width
H04L 27/227	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using coherent demodulation
H04L 27/233	Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non-coherent demodulation
H04L 29/00	Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups
H04L 29/02	Communication control; Communication processing
H04L 29/04	Communication control; Communication processing for plural communication lines
H04L 29/06	Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 29/08	Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L 29/10	Communication control; Communication processing characterised by an interface, e.g. the interface between the data link level and the physical level
H04L 29/12	Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups characterised by the data terminal
H04L 29/14	Counter-measures to a fault
H04L 41/00	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
H04L 41/02	Standardisation; Integration
H04L 41/04	Network management architectures or arrangements
H04L 41/06	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
H04L 41/08	Configuration management of networks or network elements
H04L 41/12	Discovery or management of network topologies
H04L 41/14	Network analysis or design
H04L 41/16	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04L 41/18	Delegation of network management function, e.g. customer network management [CNM]
H04L 41/22	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks comprising specially adapted graphical user interfaces [GUI]
H04L 41/026	Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using e-messaging for transporting management information, e.g. email, instant messaging or chat
H04L 41/28	Restricting access to network management systems or functions, e.g. using authorisation function to access network configuration
H04L 41/34	Signalling channels for network management communication
H04L 41/40	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
H04L 41/042	Network management architectures or arrangements comprising distributed management centres cooperatively managing the network
H04L 41/044	Network management architectures or arrangements comprising hierarchical management structures
H04L 41/045	Network management architectures or arrangements comprising client-server management architectures
H04L 41/046	Network management architectures or arrangements comprising network management agents or mobile agents therefor
H04L 41/50	Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
H04L 41/052	Network management architectures or arrangements using standardised network management architectures, e.g. telecommunication management network [TMN] or unified network management architecture [UNMA]
H04L 41/069	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using logs of notifications; Post-processing of notifications
H04L 41/082	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
H04L 41/083	Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for increasing network speed
H04L 41/084	Configuration by using pre-existing information, e.g. using templates or copying from other elements
H04L 41/085	Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history
H04L 41/122	Discovery or management of network topologies of virtualised topologies e.g. software-defined networks [SDN] or network function virtualisation [NFV]
H04L 41/142	Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods
H04L 41/147	Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour
H04L 41/149	Network analysis or design for prediction of maintenance
H04L 41/0213	Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]
H04L 41/0226	Mapping or translating multiple network management protocols
H04L 41/0233	Object-oriented techniques, for representation of network management data, e.g. common object request broker architecture [CORBA]
H04L 41/0246	Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols
H04L 41/0253	Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using browsers or web-pages for accessing management information
H04L 41/0266	Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using meta-data, objects or commands for formatting management information, e.g. using eXtensible markup language [XML]
H04L 41/0273	Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using web services for network management, e.g. simple object access protocol [SOAP]
H04L 41/342	Signalling channels for network management communication between virtual entities, e.g. orchestrators, SDN or NFV entities
H04L 41/344	Out-of-band transfers
H04L 41/507	Filtering out customers affected by service problems
H04L 41/0604	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using filtering, e.g. reduction of information by using priority, element types, position or time
H04L 41/0631	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
H04L 41/0654	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
H04L 41/0659	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by isolating or reconfiguring faulty entities
H04L 41/0663	Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
H04L 41/0668	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by dynamic selection of recovery network elements, e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure
H04L 41/0677	Localisation of faults
H04L 41/0681	Configuration of triggering conditions
H04L 41/0686	Additional information in the notification, e.g. enhancement of specific meta-data
H04L 41/0695	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications the faulty arrangement being the maintenance, administration or management system
H04L 41/0803	Configuration setting
H04L 41/0806	Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
H04L 41/0813	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
H04L 41/0816	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
H04L 41/0823	Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability
H04L 41/0826	Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network costs
H04L 41/0833	Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network energy consumption
H04L 41/0853	Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information
H04L 41/0859	Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by keeping history of different configuration generations or by rolling back to previous configuration versions
H04L 41/0866	Checking the configuration
H04L 41/0869	Validating the configuration within one network element
H04L 41/0873	Checking configuration conflicts between network elements
H04L 41/0893	Assignment of logical groups to network elements
H04L 41/0894	Policy-based network configuration management
H04L 41/0895	Configuration of virtualised networks or elements, e.g. virtualised network function or OpenFlow elements
H04L 41/0896	Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities
H04L 41/0897	Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities by horizontal or vertical scaling of resources, or by migrating entities, e.g. virtual resources or entities
H04L 41/5003	Managing SLA; Interaction between SLA and QoS
H04L 41/5006	Creating or negotiating SLA contracts, guarantees or penalties
H04L 41/5009	Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04L 41/5019	Ensuring fulfilment of SLA
H04L 41/5022	Ensuring fulfilment of SLA by giving priorities, e.g. assigning classes of service
H04L 41/5025	Ensuring fulfilment of SLA by proactively reacting to service quality change, e.g. by reconfiguration after service quality degradation or upgrade
H04L 41/5041	Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements characterised by the time relationship between creation and deployment of a service
H04L 41/5051	Service on demand, e.g. definition and deployment of services in real time
H04L 41/5054	Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager, e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components
H04L 41/5061	Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements characterised by the interaction between service providers and their network customers, e.g. customer relationship management
H04L 41/5067	Customer-centric QoS measurements
H04L 41/5074	Handling of user complaints or trouble tickets
H04L 43/00	Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
H04L 43/02	Capturing of monitoring data
H04L 43/04	Processing captured monitoring data, e.g. for logfile generation
H04L 43/06	Generation of reports
H04L 43/08	Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
H04L 43/10	Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
H04L 43/12	Network monitoring probes
H04L 43/16	Threshold monitoring
H04L 43/18	Protocol analysers
H04L 43/20	Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
H04L 43/022	Capturing of monitoring data by sampling
H04L 43/024	Capturing of monitoring data by sampling by adaptive sampling
H04L 43/026	Capturing of monitoring data using flow identification
H04L 43/028	Capturing of monitoring data by filtering
H04L 43/045	Processing captured monitoring data, e.g. for logfile generation for graphical visualisation of monitoring data
H04L 43/50	Testing arrangements
H04L 43/55	Testing of service level quality, e.g. simulating service usage
H04L 43/062	Generation of reports related to network traffic
H04L 43/065	Generation of reports related to network devices
H04L 43/067	Generation of reports using time frame reporting
H04L 43/087	Jitter
H04L 43/091	Measuring contribution of individual network components to actual service level
H04L 43/103	Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route with adaptive polling, i.e. dynamically adapting the polling rate
H04L 43/106	Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
H04L 43/0805	Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
H04L 43/0811	Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
H04L 43/0817	Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
H04L 43/0823	Errors, e.g. transmission errors
H04L 43/0829	Packet loss
H04L 43/0852	Delays
H04L 43/0864	Round trip delays
H04L 43/0876	Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
H04L 43/0882	Utilisation of link capacity
H04L 43/0888	Throughput
H04L 43/0894	Packet rate
H04L 45/00	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
H04L 45/02	Topology update or discovery
H04L 45/03	Topology update or discovery by updating link state protocols
H04L 45/12	Shortest path evaluation
H04L 45/16	Multipoint routing
H04L 45/17	Shortcut routing, e.g. using next hop resolution protocol [NHRP]
H04L 45/18	Loop-free operations
H04L 45/021	Ensuring consistency of routing table updates, e.g. by using epoch numbers
H04L 45/023	Delayed use of routing table updates
H04L 45/24	Multipath
H04L 45/028	Dynamic adaptation of the update intervals, e.g. event-triggered updates
H04L 45/30	Routing of multiclass traffic
H04L 45/033	Topology update or discovery by updating distance vector protocols
H04L 45/036	Updating the topology between route computation elements, e.g. between OpenFlow controllers
H04L 45/037	Routes obligatorily traversing service-related nodes
H04L 45/42	Centralised routing
H04L 45/44	Distributed routing
H04L 45/48	Routing tree calculation
H04L 45/50	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
H04L 45/52	Multiprotocol routers
H04L 45/58	Association of routers
H04L 45/60	Router architectures
H04L 45/64	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using an overlay routing layer
H04L 45/74	Address processing for routing
H04L 45/76	Routing in software-defined topologies, e.g. routing between virtual machines
H04L 45/80	Ingress point selection by the source endpoint, e.g. selection of ISP or POP
H04L 45/85	Selection among different networks
H04L 45/121	Shortest path evaluation by minimising delays
H04L 45/122	Shortest path evaluation by minimising distances, e.g. by selecting a route with minimum of number of hops
H04L 45/125	Shortest path evaluation based on throughput or bandwidth
H04L 45/128	Shortest path evaluation for finding disjoint paths
H04L 45/243	Multipath using M+N parallel active paths
H04L 45/247	Multipath using M:N active or standby paths
H04L 45/302	Route determination based on requested QoS
H04L 45/0377	Routes obligatorily traversing service-related nodes for service chaining
H04L 45/484	Routing tree calculation using multiple routing trees
H04L 45/488	Routing tree calculation using root node determination
H04L 45/586	Association of routers of virtual routers
H04L 45/645	Splitting route computation layer and forwarding layer, e.g. routing according to path computational element [PCE] or based on OpenFlow functionality
H04L 45/655	Interaction between route computation entities and forwarding entities, e.g. for route determination or for flow table update
H04L 45/741	Routing in networks with a plurality of addressing schemes, e.g. with both IPv4 and IPv6
H04L 45/745	Address table lookup; Address filtering
H04L 45/748	Address table lookup; Address filtering using longest matching prefix
H04L 45/851	Dynamic network selection or re-selection, e.g. after degradation of quality
H04L 45/7452	Multiple parallel or consecutive lookup operations
H04L 45/7453	Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing
H04L 45/7459	Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing using Bloom filters
H04L 47/00	Traffic control in data switching networks
H04L 47/10	Flow control; Congestion control
H04L 47/11	Identifying congestion
H04L 47/12	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
H04L 47/17	Interaction among intermediate nodes, e.g. hop by hop
H04L 47/19	Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer
H04L 47/20	Traffic policing
H04L 47/21	Flow control; Congestion control using leaky-bucket
H04L 47/22	Traffic shaping
H04L 47/24	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
H04L 47/25	Flow control; Congestion control with rate being modified by the source upon detecting a change of network conditions
H04L 47/26	Flow control; Congestion control using explicit feedback to the source, e.g. choke packets
H04L 47/27	Evaluation or update of window size, e.g. using information derived from acknowledged [ACK] packets
H04L 47/28	Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
H04L 47/30	Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
H04L 47/31	Flow control; Congestion control by tagging of packets, e.g. using discard eligibility [DE] bits
H04L 47/32	Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames
H04L 47/33	Flow control; Congestion control using forward notification
H04L 47/34	Flow control; Congestion control ensuring sequence integrity, e.g. using sequence numbers
H04L 47/35	Flow control; Congestion control by embedding flow control information in regular packets, e.g. piggybacking
H04L 47/36	Flow control; Congestion control by determining packet size, e.g. maximum transfer unit [MTU]
H04L 47/38	Flow control; Congestion control by adapting coding or compression rate
H04L 47/40	Flow control; Congestion control using split connections
H04L 47/41	Flow control; Congestion control by acting on aggregated flows or links
H04L 47/43	Assembling or disassembling of packets, e.g. segmentation and reassembly [SAR]
H04L 47/50	Queue scheduling
H04L 47/52	Queue scheduling by attributing bandwidth to queues
H04L 47/56	Queue scheduling implementing delay-aware scheduling
H04L 47/60	Queue scheduling implementing hierarchical scheduling
H04L 47/62	Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
H04L 47/70	Admission control; Resource allocation
H04L 47/72	Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
H04L 47/74	Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
H04L 47/76	Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions
H04L 47/78	Architectures of resource allocation
H04L 47/80	Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
H04L 47/83	Admission control; Resource allocation based on usage prediction
H04L 47/122	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
H04L 47/125	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
H04L 47/127	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by using congestion prediction
H04L 47/129	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion at the destination endpoint, e.g. reservation of terminal resources or buffer space
H04L 47/193	Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer at the transport layer, e.g. TCP related
H04L 47/215	Flow control; Congestion control using token-bucket
H04L 47/263	Rate modification at the source after receiving feedback
H04L 47/265	Flow control; Congestion control using explicit feedback to the source, e.g. choke packets sent by intermediate network nodes
H04L 47/267	Flow control; Congestion control using explicit feedback to the source, e.g. choke packets sent by the destination endpoint
H04L 47/283	Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
H04L 47/431	Assembling or disassembling of packets, e.g. segmentation and reassembly [SAR] using padding or de-padding
H04L 47/525	Queue scheduling by attributing bandwidth to queues by redistribution of residual bandwidth
H04L 47/625	Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders
H04L 47/628	Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders based on packet size, e.g. shortest packet first
H04L 47/629	Ensuring fair share of resources, e.g. weighted fair queuing [WFQ]
H04L 47/722	Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup at the destination endpoint, e.g. reservation of terminal resources or buffer space
H04L 47/724	Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
H04L 47/726	Reserving resources in multiple paths to be used simultaneously
H04L 47/762	Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the network
H04L 47/765	Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the end-points
H04L 47/783	Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers
H04L 47/785	Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers among multiple network domains, e.g. multilateral agreements
H04L 47/2408	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting different services, e.g. a differentiated services [DiffServ] type of service
H04L 47/2416	Real-time traffic
H04L 47/2425	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting services specification, e.g. SLA
H04L 47/2441	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS relying on flow classification, e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]
H04L 47/2466	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS using signalling traffic
H04L 47/2475	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting traffic characterised by the type of applications
H04L 47/2483	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
H04L 47/2491	Mapping quality of service [QoS] requirements between different networks
H04L 47/6275	Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders based on priority
H04L 47/6295	Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria using multiple queues, one for each individual QoS, connection, flow or priority
H04L 49/00	Packet switching elements
H04L 49/10	Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
H04L 49/15	Interconnection of switching modules
H04L 49/20	Support for services
H04L 49/25	Routing or path finding in a switch fabric
H04L 49/35	Switches specially adapted for specific applications
H04L 49/40	Constructional details, e.g. power supply, mechanical construction or backplane
H04L 49/45	Arrangements for providing or supporting expansion
H04L 49/50	Overload detection or protection within a single switching element
H04L 49/55	Prevention, detection or correction of errors
H04L 49/60	Software-defined switches
H04L 49/65	Re-configuration of fast packet switches
H04L 49/90	Buffering arrangements
H04L 49/101	Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction using crossbar or matrix
H04L 49/102	Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction using shared medium, e.g. bus or ring
H04L 49/103	Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction using a shared memory
H04L 49/104	Asynchronous transfer mode [ATM] switching fabrics
H04L 49/109	Integrated on microchip, e.g. switch-on-chip
H04L 49/111	Switch interfaces, e.g. port details
H04L 49/112	Switch control, e.g. arbitration
H04L 49/113	Arrangements for redundant switching, e.g. using parallel planes
H04L 49/115	Transferring a complete packet or cell through each plane
H04L 49/116	Transferring a part of the packet through each plane, e.g. by bit-slicing
H04L 49/118	Address processing within a device, e.g. using internal ID or tags for routing within a switch
H04L 49/201	Multicast operation; Broadcast operation
H04L 49/253	Routing or path finding in a switch fabric using establishment or release of connections between ports
H04L 49/351	Switches specially adapted for specific applications for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches
H04L 49/354	Switches specially adapted for specific applications for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]
H04L 49/356	Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
H04L 49/505	Corrective measures
H04L 49/506	Backpressure
H04L 49/552	Prevention, detection or correction of errors by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections
H04L 49/901	Buffering arrangements using storage descriptor, e.g. read or write pointers
H04L 49/1515	Non-blocking multistage, e.g. Clos
H04L 49/1546	Non-blocking multistage, e.g. Clos using pipelined operation
H04L 49/9005	Buffering arrangements using dynamic buffer space allocation
H04L 49/9015	Buffering arrangements for supporting a linked list
H04L 49/9023	Buffering arrangements for implementing a jitter-buffer
H04L 49/9047	Buffering arrangements including multiple buffers, e.g. buffer pools
H04L 49/9057	Arrangements for supporting packet reassembly or resequencing
H04L 51/00	User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
H04L 51/02	User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail using automatic reactions or user delegation, e.g. automatic replies or chatbot-generated messages
H04L 51/04	Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
H04L 51/06	Message adaptation to terminal or network requirements
H04L 51/07	User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail characterised by the inclusion of specific contents
H04L 51/08	Annexed information, e.g. attachments
H04L 51/10	Multimedia information
H04L 51/18	Commands or executable codes
H04L 51/21	Monitoring or handling of messages
H04L 51/23	Reliability checks, e.g. acknowledgments or fault reporting
H04L 51/42	Mailbox-related aspects, e.g. synchronisation of mailboxes
H04L 51/043	Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM] using or handling presence information
H04L 51/046	Interoperability with other network applications or services
H04L 51/48	Message addressing, e.g. address format or anonymous messages, aliases
H04L 51/52	User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail for supporting social networking services
H04L 51/56	Unified messaging, e.g. interactions between e-mail, instant messaging or converged IP messaging [CPM]
H04L 51/58	Message adaptation for wireless communication
H04L 51/063	Content adaptation, e.g. replacement of unsuitable content
H04L 51/066	Format adaptation, e.g. format conversion or compression
H04L 51/212	Monitoring or handling of messages using filtering or selective blocking
H04L 51/214	Monitoring or handling of messages using selective forwarding
H04L 51/216	Handling conversation history, e.g. grouping of messages in sessions or threads
H04L 51/222	Monitoring or handling of messages using geographical location information, e.g. messages transmitted or received in proximity of a certain spot or area
H04L 51/224	Monitoring or handling of messages providing notification on incoming messages, e.g. pushed notifications of received messages
H04L 51/226	Delivery according to priorities
H04L 51/234	Monitoring or handling of messages for tracking messages
H04L 61/00	Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
H04L 61/09	Mapping addresses
H04L 61/10	Mapping addresses of different types
H04L 61/25	Mapping addresses of the same type
H04L 61/30	Managing network names, e.g. use of aliases or nicknames
H04L 61/45	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
H04L 61/50	Address allocation
H04L 61/58	Caching of addresses or names
H04L 61/59	Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming using proxies for addressing
H04L 61/103	Mapping addresses of different types across network layers, e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]
H04L 61/106	Mapping addresses of different types across networks, e.g. mapping telephone numbers to data network addresses
H04L 61/251	Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses between different IP versions
H04L 61/255	Maintenance or indexing of mapping tables
H04L 61/256	NAT traversal
H04L 61/301	Name conversion
H04L 61/503	Internet protocol [IP] addresses using an authentication, authorisation and accounting [AAA] protocol, e.g. remote authentication dial-in user service [RADIUS] or Diameter
H04L 61/2503	Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
H04L 61/2514	Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses between local and global IP addresses
H04L 61/2517	Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses using port numbers
H04L 61/2521	Translation architectures other than single NAT servers
H04L 61/2539	Hiding addresses; Keeping addresses anonymous
H04L 61/2546	Arrangements for avoiding unnecessary translation
H04L 61/2553	Binding renewal aspects, e.g. using keep-alive messages
H04L 61/2557	Translation policies or rules
H04L 61/2567	NAT traversal for reachability, e.g. inquiring the address of a correspondent behind a NAT server
H04L 61/2575	NAT traversal using address mapping retrieval, e.g. simple traversal of user datagram protocol through session traversal utilities for NAT [STUN]
H04L 61/2578	NAT traversal without involvement of the NAT server
H04L 61/2582	NAT traversal through control of the NAT server, e.g. using universal plug and play [UPnP]
H04L 61/2585	NAT traversal through application level gateway [ALG]
H04L 61/2589	NAT traversal over a relay server, e.g. traversal using relay for network address translation [TURN]
H04L 61/2592	Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses using tunnelling or encapsulation
H04L 61/2596	Translation of addresses of the same type other than IP, e.g. translation from MAC to MAC addresses
H04L 61/3015	Name registration, generation or assignment
H04L 61/4505	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directory access protocols
H04L 61/4511	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
H04L 61/4517	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directory access protocols using open systems interconnection [OSI] directories, e.g. X.500
H04L 61/4523	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directory access protocols using lightweight directory access protocol [LDAP]
H04L 61/4535	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using an address exchange platform which sets up a session between two nodes, e.g. rendezvous servers, session initiation protocols [SIP] registrars or H.323 gatekeepers
H04L 61/4541	Directories for service discovery
H04L 61/4552	Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories
H04L 61/4557	Directories for hybrid networks, e.g. including telephone numbers
H04L 61/4588	Network directories; Name-to-address mapping containing mobile subscriber information, e.g. home subscriber server [HSS]
H04L 61/4594	Address books, i.e. directories containing contact information about correspondents
H04L 61/5007	Internet protocol [IP] addresses
H04L 61/5014	Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
H04L 61/5038	Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
H04L 61/5046	Resolving address allocation conflicts; Testing of addresses
H04L 61/5053	Lease time; Renewal aspects
H04L 61/5061	Pools of addresses
H04L 61/5069	Address allocation for group communication, multicast communication or broadcast communication
H04L 61/5076	Update or notification mechanisms, e.g. DynDNS
H04L 61/5084	Providing for device mobility
H04L 61/5092	Address allocation by self-assignment, e.g. picking addresses at random and testing if they are already in use
H04L 65/00	Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
H04L 65/10	Architectures or entities
H04L 65/40	Support for services or applications
H04L 65/60	Network streaming of media packets
H04L 65/61	Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
H04L 65/65	Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
H04L 65/70	Media network packetisation
H04L 65/75	Media network packet handling
H04L 65/80	Responding to QoS
H04L 65/102	Gateways
H04L 65/401	Support for services or applications wherein the services involve a main real-time session and one or more additional parallel real-time or time sensitive sessions, e.g. white board sharing or spawning of a subconference
H04L 65/402	Support for services or applications wherein the services involve a main real-time session and one or more additional parallel non-real time sessions, e.g. downloading a file in a parallel FTP session, initiating an email or combinational services
H04L 65/403	Arrangements for multi-party communication, e.g. for conferences
H04L 65/611	Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
H04L 65/612	Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
H04L 65/613	Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for the control of the source by the destination
H04L 65/752	Media network packet handling adapting media to network capabilities
H04L 65/756	Media network packet handling adapting media to device capabilities
H04L 65/1016	IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
H04L 65/1023	Media gateways
H04L 65/1033	Signalling gateways
H04L 65/1043	Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
H04L 65/1045	Proxies, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
H04L 65/1046	Call controllers; Call servers
H04L 65/1053	IP private branch exchange [PBX] functionality entities or arrangements
H04L 65/1055	Single-site
H04L 65/1056	Multi-site
H04L 65/1059	End-user terminal functionalities specially adapted for real-time communication
H04L 65/1063	Application servers providing network services
H04L 65/1066	Session management
H04L 65/1069	Session establishment or de-establishment
H04L 65/1073	Registration or de-registration
H04L 65/1076	Screening of IP real time communications, e.g. spam over Internet telephony [SPIT]
H04L 65/1083	In-session procedures
H04L 65/1089	In-session procedures by removing media
H04L 65/1093	In-session procedures by removing participants
H04L 65/1094	Inter-user-equipment sessions transfer or sharing
H04L 65/1095	Inter-network session transfer or sharing
H04L 65/1096	Supplementary features, e.g. call forwarding or call holding
H04L 65/1101	Session protocols
H04L 65/1104	Session initiation protocol [SIP]
H04L 65/1106	Call signalling protocols; H.323 and related
H04L 65/1108	Web based protocols, e.g. webRTC
H04L 65/4038	Arrangements for multi-party communication, e.g. for conferences with floor control
H04L 65/4053	Arrangements for multi-party communication, e.g. for conferences without floor control
H04L 65/4061	Push-to services, e.g. push-to-talk or push-to-video
H04L 67/00	Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
H04L 67/01	Protocols
H04L 67/02	Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
H04L 67/04	Protocols specially adapted for terminal portability
H04L 67/06	Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
H04L 67/08	Protocols specially adapted for terminal emulation, e.g. Telnet
H04L 67/10	Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
H04L 67/12	Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
H04L 67/14	Session management
H04L 67/025	Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
H04L 67/30	Profiles
H04L 67/50	Network services
H04L 67/51	Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
H04L 67/52	Network services specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
H04L 67/53	Network services using third party service providers
H04L 67/54	Presence management, e.g. monitoring or registration for receipt of user log-on information, or the connection status of the users
H04L 67/55	Push-based network services
H04L 67/56	Provisioning of proxy services
H04L 67/59	Providing operational support to end devices by off-loading in the network or by emulation, e.g. when they are unavailable
H04L 67/60	Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
H04L 67/61	Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources taking into account QoS or priority requirements
H04L 67/62	Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
H04L 67/63	Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
H04L 67/75	Indicating network or usage conditions on the user display
H04L 67/101	Server selection for load balancing based on network conditions
H04L 67/104	Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
H04L 67/125	Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
H04L 67/131	Protocols for games, networked simulations or virtual reality
H04L 67/133	Protocols for remote procedure calls [RPC]
H04L 67/141	Setup of application sessions
H04L 67/142	Managing session states for stateless protocols; Signalling session states; State transitions; Keeping-state mechanisms
H04L 67/143	Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session
H04L 67/145	Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session avoiding end of session, e.g. keep-alive, heartbeats, resumption message or wake-up for inactive or interrupted session
H04L 67/146	Markers for unambiguous identification of a particular session, e.g. session cookie or URL-encoding
H04L 67/147	Signalling methods or messages providing extensions to protocols defined by standardisation
H04L 67/148	Migration or transfer of sessions
H04L 67/288	Distributed intermediate devices, i.e. intermediate devices for interaction with other intermediate devices on the same level
H04L 67/289	Intermediate processing functionally located close to the data consumer application, e.g. in same machine, in same home or in same sub-network
H04L 67/303	Terminal profiles
H04L 67/306	User profiles
H04L 67/561	Adding application-functional data or data for application control, e.g. adding metadata
H04L 67/562	Brokering proxy services
H04L 67/563	Data redirection of data network streams
H04L 67/564	Enhancement of application control based on intercepted application data
H04L 67/565	Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
H04L 67/566	Grouping or aggregating service requests, e.g. for unified processing
H04L 67/567	Integrating service provisioning from a plurality of service providers
H04L 67/568	Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
H04L 67/1001	Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
H04L 67/1004	Server selection for load balancing
H04L 67/1006	Server selection for load balancing with static server selection, e.g. the same server being selected for a specific client
H04L 67/1008	Server selection for load balancing based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload
H04L 67/1012	Server selection for load balancing based on compliance of requirements or conditions with available server resources
H04L 67/1014	Server selection for load balancing based on the content of a request
H04L 67/1017	Server selection for load balancing based on a round robin mechanism
H04L 67/1019	Random or heuristic server selection
H04L 67/1021	Server selection for load balancing based on client or server locations
H04L 67/1023	Server selection for load balancing based on a hash applied to IP addresses or costs
H04L 67/1025	Dynamic adaptation of the criteria on which the server selection is based
H04L 67/1027	Persistence of sessions during load balancing
H04L 67/1029	Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers using data related to the state of servers by a load balancer
H04L 67/1031	Controlling of the operation of servers by a load balancer, e.g. adding or removing servers that serve requests
H04L 67/1034	Reaction to server failures by a load balancer
H04L 67/1036	Load balancing of requests to servers for services different from user content provisioning, e.g. load balancing across domain name servers
H04L 67/1038	Load balancing arrangements to avoid a single path through a load balancer
H04L 67/1042	Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using topology management mechanisms
H04L 67/1061	Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
H04L 67/1074	Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
H04L 67/1087	Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
H04L 67/1095	Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
H04L 67/1097	Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
H04L 67/1396	Protocols specially adapted for monitoring users’ activity
H04L 67/2866	Architectures; Arrangements
H04L 67/2869	Terminals specially adapted for communication
H04L 67/2871	Implementation details of single intermediate entities
H04L 67/2876	Pairs of inter-processing entities at each side of the network, e.g. split proxies
H04L 67/2885	Hierarchically arranged intermediate devices, e.g. for hierarchical caching
H04L 67/2895	Intermediate processing functionally located close to the data provider application, e.g. reverse proxies
H04L 67/5651	Reducing the amount or size of exchanged application data
H04L 67/5681	Pre-fetching or pre-delivering data based on network characteristics
H04L 67/5682	Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data
H04L 67/5683	Storage of data provided by user terminals, i.e. reverse caching
H04L 69/00	Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
H04L 69/04	Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
H04L 69/06	Notations for structuring of protocol data, e.g. abstract syntax notation one [ASN.1]
H04L 69/08	Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
H04L 69/10	Streamlined, light-weight or high-speed protocols, e.g. express transfer protocol [XTP] or byte stream
H04L 69/12	Protocol engines
H04L 69/14	Multichannel or multilink protocols
H04L 69/16	Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
H04L 69/18	Multiprotocol handlers, e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols
H04L 69/22	Parsing or analysis of headers
H04L 69/24	Negotiation of communication capabilities
H04L 69/28	Timers or timing mechanisms used in protocols
H04L 69/30	Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
H04L 69/32	Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
H04L 69/40	Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
H04L 69/085	Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion specially adapted for interworking of IP-based networks with other networks
H04L 69/163	In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange; In-band control procedures
H04L 69/164	Adaptation or special uses of UDP protocol
H04L 69/165	Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] selection criteria therefor
H04L 69/166	IP fragmentation; TCP segmentation
H04L 69/167	Adaptation for transition between two IP versions, e.g. between IPv4 and IPv6
H04L 69/168	Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] specially adapted for link layer protocols, e.g. asynchronous transfer mode [ATM], synchronous optical network [SONET] or point-to-point protocol [PPP]
H04L 69/321	Interlayer communication protocols or service data unit [SDU] definitions; Interfaces between layers
H04L 69/322	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
H04L 69/323	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the physical layer [OSI layer 1]
H04L 69/324	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
H04L 69/325	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the network layer [OSI layer 3], e.g. X.25
H04L 69/326	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the transport layer [OSI layer 4]
H04L 69/327	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the session layer [OSI layer 5]
H04L 69/328	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the presentation layer [OSI layer 6]
H04L 69/329	Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
H04L 101/00	Indexing scheme associated with group
H04L 101/30	Types of network names
H04L 101/32	Types of network names containing non-Latin characters, e.g. Chinese domain names
H04L 101/33	Types of network names containing protocol addresses or telephone numbers
H04L 101/35	Types of network names containing special prefixes
H04L 101/37	E-mail addresses
H04L 101/38	Telephone uniform resource identifier [URI]
H04L 101/39	Globally routable user-agent uniform resource identifier [GRUU] for the session initiation protocol [SIP]
H04L 101/60	Types of network addresses
H04L 101/64	Asynchronous transfer mode [ATM] addresses
H04L 101/65	Telephone numbers
H04L 101/69	Types of network addresses using geographic information, e.g. room number
H04L 101/345	Types of network names containing wildcard characters
H04L 101/355	Types of network names containing special suffixes
H04L 101/365	Application layer names, e.g. buddy names, unstructured names chosen by a user or home appliance name
H04L 101/375	Access point names [APN]
H04L 101/385	Uniform resource identifier for session initiation protocol [SIP URI]
H04L 101/395	Internet protocol multimedia private identity [IMPI]; Internet protocol multimedia public identity [IMPU]
H04L 101/604	Address structures or formats
H04L 101/618	Types of network addresses - Details of network addresses
H04L 101/622	Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
H04L 101/627	Controller area network [CAN] identifiers
H04L 101/631	Small computer system interface [SCSI] addresses
H04L 101/636	IEEE1394 identification numbers
H04L 101/645	Fibre channel identifiers
H04L 101/654	International mobile subscriber identity [IMSI] numbers
H04L 101/659	Internet protocol version 6 [IPv6] addresses
H04L 101/663	Transport layer addresses, e.g. aspects of transmission control protocol [TCP] or user datagram protocol [UDP] ports
H04L 101/668	Internet protocol [IP] address subnets
H04L 101/672	Short addresses
H04L 101/677	Multiple interfaces, e.g. multihomed nodes
H04L 101/681	Types of network addresses using addresses for wireless personal area networks or wireless sensor networks, e.g. Zigbee addresses
H04L 101/686	Types of network addresses using dual-stack hosts, e.g. in Internet protocol version 4 [IPv4]/Internet protocol version 6 [IPv6] networks
H04L 101/695	Types of network addresses using masks or ranges of addresses