A machine tool has a substantially straight guide element extending along a first axis; two carriages, which are arranged at a fixed distance from one another along the guide element and are capable of sliding together along the guide element; a slide, which is interposed between the two carriages, is carried by the two carriages and can slide relative to them along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; and a milling head, which is carried by the slide and is configured to carry a milling tool.
B23Q 1/01 - Bâtis, bancs, colonnes ou éléments similaires; Agencement des glissières de guidage
B23Q 1/62 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en translation uniquement avec deux guidages en translation uniquement à axes perpendiculaires, p.ex. chariots à mouvements transversaux
B23Q 5/38 - Avance par transmission mécanique des autres organes supportant les outils ou les pièces, p.ex. avance des traînards, des glissières d'outils à avance continue
A machine tool has a substantially straight guide element (2) extending along a first axis (A1); two carriages (3, 4), which are arranged at a fixed distance (D) from one another along the guide element (2) and are capable of sliding together along the guide element (2); a slide (5), which is interposed between the two carriages (3, 4), is carried by the two carriages (3, 4) and can slide relative to them along a second axis (A2) perpendicular to the first axis (A1); and a milling head (6), which is carried by the slide (5) and is configured to carry a milling tool.
B23Q 1/01 - Bâtis, bancs, colonnes ou éléments similaires; Agencement des glissières de guidage
B23Q 1/62 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en translation uniquement avec deux guidages en translation uniquement à axes perpendiculaires, p.ex. chariots à mouvements transversaux
B23Q 5/38 - Avance par transmission mécanique des autres organes supportant les outils ou les pièces, p.ex. avance des traînards, des glissières d'outils à avance continue
A C-axis unit for a machine tool, the C-axis unit comprising a bushing (134) adapted to be fixed to a unit support (121) of the machine tool; a head mounting platform (130) adapted to receive an operating head (40), the head mounting platform being supported by the bushing (134) and being rotatable relative to the bushing (134) around a vertical axis; a platform rotation motor (150) supported by the bushing (134) and configured to control the rotation of the head mounting platform (130); and a spindle motor (160) configured to control the rotation of a tool-carrying spindle (45) on the operating head (40) through a driving extension (163) arranged in a through-bore (133) obtained through the head mounting platform (130). The spindle motor (160) is fixed to and is rotationally integral with the head mounting platform (130).
B23Q 5/10 - Entraînement des principaux organes de travail des arbres rotatifs, p.ex. des broches de travail entraînés principalement par des moyens électriques
B23Q 5/04 - Entraînement des principaux organes de travail des arbres rotatifs, p.ex. des broches de travail
B23Q 1/48 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en translation et des guidages en rotation
The pallet changing system comprises a pallet deposition and pick-up station and a pallet loading and unloading station, horizontally spaced from one another along a first horizontal direction (A-A), as well as a pallet handling unit. The pallet handling unit includes: horizontal guide means extending along the first horizontal direction (A-A) between the pallet deposition and pick-up station and the pallet loading and unloading station; a pair of motorized uprights, which are jointly movable in a controlled manner in the first horizontal direction (A-A) between the pallet deposition and pick-up station and the pallet loading and unloading station, each upright being provided with a respective motorized lifting carriage vertically movable in a controlled manner, each lifting carriage being provided with a pair of gripping devices which are horizontally spaced from one another and selectively or jointly controllable to engage a corresponding end of a pallet (P) so as to allow rotation of the pallet (P) about a first horizontal axis; a pair of motorized auxiliary carriages, which are jointly movable in the first horizontal direction (A-A) between the pallet deposition and pick-up station and the pallet loading and unloading station, and are provided each with a gripping device arranged to engage a corresponding end of the pallet (P) facing the pallet deposition and pick-up station, so as to allow rotation of the pallet (P) about the first horizontal axis; and a motorized transporting carriage which is arranged to transport, in a vertical attitude, the pallet (P) with the workpiece (WP) connected thereto, and is movable between the pallet loading and unloading station and a working area (SW) of the machine tool (MT) in a second horizontal direction (B-B) forming an angle with respect to the first horizontal direction (A-A).
B23Q 7/14 - Agencements pour la manipulation des pièces, spécialement combinés aux machines-outils ou disposés dans ces machines ou spécialement conçus pour être utilisés en relation avec ces machines, p.ex. pour le transport, le chargement, le positionnement, l coordonnés pour permettre un travail en chaîne
B23Q 1/52 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en rotation uniquement avec un seul guidage en rotation
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Shaft couplings [machines]; axles for machines; transmission
shafts, other than for land vehicles; threading machines;
milling machines; lathes [machine tools]; bending machines;
pulleys [parts of machines]; joints [parts of engines];
die-cutting and tapping machines; stamping machines;
die-stamping machines; chucks [parts of machines]; engraving
machines; notchers [machine tools]; printing machines for
use on sheet metal; machine tools; transmissions, other than
for land vehicles; molds [parts of machines]; hand-held
tools, other than hand-operated; tools [parts of machines];
holding devices for machine tools; rotary printing presses;
couplings other than for land vehicles; handling machines,
automatic [manipulators]; robots [machines]; driving chains
other than for land vehicles; drill chucks [parts of
machines]; control mechanisms for machines, engines or
motors; motors, electric, other than for land vehicles;
electric welding apparatus; soldering apparatus, electric;
electric arc welding apparatus; electric arc cutting
apparatus; 3D printers; machine tools and machines for a
variety of processing with automatic control mechanisms also
using centralized and peripheral systems of data processing,
recording, transmission and operational command. Regulating apparatus, electric; measures; measuring
apparatus; high-frequency apparatus; frequency meters;
radios; rulers [measuring instruments]; data processing
apparatus; intercommunication apparatus; protective masks;
computer memory devices; precision measuring apparatus;
measuring instruments; rules [measuring instruments];
micrometer screws for optical instruments; levels
[instruments for determining the horizontal]; levelling
instruments; pince-nez frames; optical apparatus and
instruments; computers; micrometers; pressure measuring
apparatus; tachometers; temperature indicators; time
recording apparatus; floppy disks; computer keyboards;
materials for electricity mains [wires, cables]; compact
discs [audio-video]; compact discs [read-only memory];
computer operating programs, recorded; computer peripheral
devices; computer software, recorded; interfaces for
computers; juke boxes for computers; magnetic tape units for
computers; microprocessors; monitors [computer hardware];
monitors [computer programs]; mouse [computer peripheral];
optical character readers; optical data media; optical
discs; printers for use with computers; processors [central
processing units]; readers [data processing equipment];
scanners [data processing equipment]; camcorders; disk
drives for computers; notebook computers; pocket
calculators; computer programs [downloadable software];
cordless telephones; mouse pads; wrist rests for use with
computers; computer game software; DVD players; encoded
identification bracelets, magnetic; downloadable image
files; printed circuit boards; USB flash drives; portable
media players; laptop computers; bags adapted for laptops;
sleeves for laptops; encoded key cards; accelerometers;
computer hardware. Pictures; engravings; lithographic works of art; paintings
[pictures], framed or unframed; pencils; newspapers;
periodicals; loose-leaf binders; tickets; drawing pads; pads
[stationery]; pamphlets; stamps [seals]; sealing stamps;
inking pads; writing or drawing books; printing type; carbon
paper; note books; square rulers; cards; teaching materials
[except apparatus]; index cards [stationery]; paper sheets
[stationery]; cardboard; perforated cards for Jacquard
looms; cardboard tubes; catalogues; tags for index cards;
folders for papers; books; type [numerals and letters];
conical paper bags; covers [stationery]; drawings; diagrams;
envelopes [stationery]; wrapping paper; nibs; pen cases;
nibs of gold; erasing products; writing materials; shields
[paper seals]; rubber erasers; punches [office requisites];
photographs [printed]; fabrics for bookbinding; forms,
printed; office requisites, except furniture; postcards;
printed matter; printed publications; manuals [handbooks];
writing paper; stationery; paper tapes and cards for the
recordal of computer programmes; pens [office requisites];
magazines [periodicals]; paper ribbons; bags [envelopes,
pouches] of paper or plastics, for packaging; bookmarkers;
greeting cards; wood pulp board [stationery]; wood pulp
paper; boxes of cardboard or paper; inkstands; placards of
paper or cardboard; signboards of paper or cardboard;
newsletters; flyers; packing [cushioning, stuffing]
materials of paper or cardboard; stuffing of paper or
cardboard. Rental of computer software; maintenance of computer
software; computer system design; duplication of computer
programs; conversion of data or documents from physical to
electronic media; installation of computer software; data
conversion of computer programs and data [not physical
conversion]; computer software consultancy; web site design
consultancy; Software as a service [SaaS]; information
technology [IT] consultancy; scientific research; server
hosting; off-site data backup; electronic data storage;
providing information on computer technology and programming
via a web site; cloud computing; technological consultancy;
computer technology consultancy.
6.
Method and system for checking positioning accuracy of a CNC machine
G05B 19/401 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par des dispositions de commande pour la mesure, p.ex. étalonnage et initialisation, mesure de la pièce à usiner à des fins d'usinage
G01C 5/04 - Nivellement hydrostatique, c. à d. par des réservoirs à liquides interconnectés élastiquement, se trouvant en des points séparés
G01F 23/00 - Indication ou mesure du niveau des liquides ou des matériaux solides fluents, p.ex. indication en fonction du volume ou indication au moyen d'un signal d'alarme
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Shaft couplings [machines]; axles for machines; transmission
shafts, other than for land vehicles; threading machines;
milling machines; lathes [machine tools]; bending machines;
pulleys [parts of machines]; joints [parts of engines];
die-cutting and tapping machines; stamping machines;
die-stamping machines; chucks [parts of machines]; engraving
machines; notchers [machine tools]; printing machines for
use on sheet metal; machine tools; transmissions, other than
for land vehicles; molds [parts of machines]; hand-held
tools, other than hand-operated; tools [parts of machines];
holding devices for machine tools; rotary printing presses;
couplings other than for land vehicles; handling machines,
automatic [manipulators]; robots [machines]; driving chains
other than for land vehicles; drill chucks [parts of
machines]; control mechanisms for machines,, engines or
motors; motors, electric, other than for land vehicles;
electric welding apparatus; soldering apparatus, electric;
electric arc welding apparatus; electric arc cutting
apparatus; 3D printers; machine tools and machines for a
variety of processing with automatic control mechanisms also
using centralized and peripheral systems of data processing,
recording and transmission and operational command. Regulating apparatus, electric; measures; measuring
apparatus; high-frequency apparatus; frequency meters;
radios; rulers [measuring instruments]; data processing
apparatus; intercommunication apparatus; protective masks;
computer memory devices; precision measuring apparatus;
measuring instruments; rules [measuring instruments];
micrometer screws for optical instruments; levels
[instruments for determining the horizontal]; levelling
instruments; pince-nez frames; optical apparatus and
instruments; computers; micrometers; pressure measuring
apparatus; tachometers; temperature indicators; time
recording apparatus; floppy disks; computer keyboards;
materials for electricity mains [wires, cables]; compact
discs [audio-video]; compact discs [read-only memory];
computer operating programs, recorded; computer peripheral
devices; computer software, recorded; interfaces for
computers; juke boxes for computers; magnetic tape units for
computers; microprocessors; monitors [computer hardware];
monitors [computer programs]; mouse [computer peripheral];
optical character readers; optical data media; optical
discs; printers for use with computers; processors [central
processing units]; readers [data processing equipment];
scanners [data processing equipment]: camcorders; disk
drives for computers; notebook computers; pocket
calculators; computer programs [downloadable software];
cordless telephones; mouse pads; wrist rests for use with
computers; computer game software; DVD players; encoded
identification bracelets, magnetic; downloadable image
files; printed circuit boards; USB flash drives; portable
media players; laptop computers; bags adapted for laptops;
sleeves for laptops; encoded key cards; accelerometers;
computer hardware. Pictures; engravings; lithographic works of art; paintings
[pictures], framed or unframed; pencils; newspapers;
periodicals; loose-leaf binders; tickets; drawing pads; pads
[stationery]; pamphlets; stamps [seals]; sealing stamps;
inking pads; writing or drawing books; printing type; carbon
paper; note books; square rulers; cards; teaching materials
[except apparatus]; index cards [stationery]; paper sheets
[stationery]; cardboard; perforated cards for Jacquard
looms; cardboard tubes; catalogues; tags for index cards;
folders for papers; books; type [numerals and letters];
conical paper bags; covers [stationery]; drawings; diagrams;
envelopes [stationery]; wrapping paper; nibs; pen cases;
nibs of gold; erasing products; writing materials; shields
[paper seals]; rubber erasers; punches [office requisites];
photographs [printed]; fabrics for bookbinding; forms,
printed; office requisites, except furniture; postcards;
printed matter; printed publications; manuals [handbooks];
writing paper; stationery; paper tapes and cards for the
recordal of computer programmes; pens [office requisites];
magazines [periodicals]; paper ribbons; bags [envelopes,
pouches] of paper or plastics, for packaging; bookmarkers;
greeting cards; wood pulp board [stationery]; wood pulp
paper; boxes of cardboard or paper; inkstands; placards of
paper or cardboard; signboards of paper or cardboard;
newsletters; flyers; packing [cushioning, stuffing]
materials of paper or cardboard; stuffing of paper or
cardboard. Rental of computer software; maintenance of computer
software; computer system design; duplication of computer
programs; conversion of data or documents from physical to
electronic media; installation of computer software; data
conversion of computer programs and data [not physical
conversion]; computer software consultancy; web site design
consultancy; Software as a service [SaaS]; information
technology [IT] consultancy; scientific research; server
hosting; off-site data backup; electronic data storage;
providing information on computer technology and programming
via a web site; cloud computing; technological consultancy;
computer technology consultancy.
8.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CHECKING POSITIONING ACCURACY OF A CNC MACHINE
The invention provides a method for checking positioning accuracy of a CNC machine with a machine tool head and a machine table, using an x, y, z coordinate system, wherein the z coordinate is the coordinate perpendicular to the machine table surface, the method comprising the steps: a) arranging a plurality of vessels on the machine table, wherein the vessels are in fluid connection with each other to form a system of communicating vessels, wherein the system of communicating vessels is filled with a liquid, b) mounting a distance sensor to the machine tool head, c) positioning the machine tool head to a position perpendicular above the surface of the liquid in one of the vessels, d) approaching the surface of the liquid with the distance sensor and determining the z coordinate for which the distance sensor touches the surface of the liquid, or. for a predetermined position of the machine tool head in z direction above the surface of the liquid, determining the distance between the distance sensor and the surface of the liquid, wherein steps c) and d) are repeated for each vessel to determine a respective z coordinate of the surface of the liquid.
G05B 19/401 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par des dispositions de commande pour la mesure, p.ex. étalonnage et initialisation, mesure de la pièce à usiner à des fins d'usinage
G01C 5/04 - Nivellement hydrostatique, c. à d. par des réservoirs à liquides interconnectés élastiquement, se trouvant en des points séparés
9.
System and method for error correction for CNC machines
A method of determining a positioning error of a CNC machine is provided and an system thereof. A calibration element is placed within the CNC machine. A first sensor reading is taken of the calibration element. A second sensor reading is taken and the sensor is moved in a manner that the difference between the first and second sensor data decreases until the difference becomes less or equal to a pre-determined threshold value. A positioning error of the tool head is determined based on the movement of the sensor.
G05B 19/401 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par des dispositions de commande pour la mesure, p.ex. étalonnage et initialisation, mesure de la pièce à usiner à des fins d'usinage
G01B 21/04 - Dispositions pour la mesure ou leurs détails, où la technique de mesure n'est pas couverte par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe, est non spécifiée ou est non significative pour mesurer la longueur, la largeur ou l'épaisseur en mesurant les coordonnées de points
G01D 5/244 - Moyens mécaniques pour le transfert de la grandeur de sortie d'un organe sensible; Moyens pour convertir la grandeur de sortie d'un organe sensible en une autre variable, lorsque la forme ou la nature de l'organe sensible n'imposent pas un moyen de conversion déterminé; Transducteurs non spécialement adaptés à une variable particulière utilisant des moyens électriques ou magnétiques produisant des impulsions ou des trains d'impulsions
The tool carrying head (1) comprises a first fork-shaped carrying structure (2), having two branches or prongs (2a, 2b) facing each other; a second carrying structure (3), mounted rotatably between the branches (2a, 2b) of the fork-shaped structure (2) about a first axis (A-A) which is essentially orthogonal to the branches or prongs (2a, 2b), and defining an internal through opening (4); a third carrying structure (5) mounted rotatably in the through opening (4) of the second structure (3), about a second axis (B-B) which is orthogonal to the first axis (A-A); and a tool carrying spindle (6) mounted rotatably in the third carrying structure (5) about a third axis (C-C) which is orthogonal to the first and second axes (A-A, B-B).
B23Q 1/48 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en translation et des guidages en rotation
B23Q 1/54 - Supports mobiles ou réglables d'outils ou de pièces utilisant des mécanismes particuliers avec des guidages en rotation uniquement avec deux guidages en rotation uniquement
A numerically controlled machine tool, and method for control thereof, to display virtual two-dimensional future positions to be adopted by a workpiece and by the machine tool in a pre-set predictive time window. The system and method calculate target coordinate values defining positions of the tool along axes of the machine tool on the basis of a machining program. While machining is in progress, a processor receives the calculated target coordinate values to generate and display image data on the basis of the target coordinate values and of stored mathematical models of the machine, of the workpiece, and of the tool.
G06F 19/00 - Équipement ou méthodes de traitement de données ou de calcul numérique, spécialement adaptés à des applications spécifiques (spécialement adaptés à des fonctions spécifiques G06F 17/00;systèmes ou méthodes de traitement de données spécialement adaptés à des fins administratives, commerciales, financières, de gestion, de surveillance ou de prévision G06Q;informatique médicale G16H)
G05B 19/04 - Commande à programme autre que la commande numérique, c.à d. dans des automatismes à séquence ou dans des automates à logique
G05B 19/18 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u
G06F 9/44 - Dispositions pour exécuter des programmes spécifiques
G05B 19/4069 - Simulation du procédé d'usinage à l'écran
12.
PREDICTIVE CONTROL AND VISUALIZING SYSTEM FOR A NC MACHINE TOOL
The system performs control and virtual display (1) for a machine tool (M) which comprises a tool-holder (2) for a tool (T), a carrier (3) for a workpiece (W) to be machined by means of the tool (T), and a plurality of actuator devices (Al,..., AN) which can be controlled by means of associated drivers (D1,..., DN) in order to bring about controlled relative displacements between the tool (T) and the workpiece (W) along respective axes. The control system (1) comprises: a numerical controller (NC) which is connected to the drivers (D1,..., DN) and is suitable for implementing a machining program that is predetermined according to the features of the workpiece (W) to be produced and the features of the tool (T); the numerical controller (NC) is suitable for calculating, on the basis of the machining program, target coordinates defining positions of the tool (T) along the axes, which positions are to be reached by the activation of the associated actuator devices (Al, AN); image display means (ID); and a processing system (P) which is incorporated in and/or connected to the numerical controller (NC) in order to receive the calculated target coordinate values, and which is arranged to generate, on the basis of the target coordinates and of stored mathematical models of the machine (M), of the workpiece and of the tool, image data suitable for producing on the image display means (ID) a predictive, virtual, two-dimensional representation of the positions adopted by the workpiece (W) and by the tool (T) up to a preselected future moment.
The system performs control and virtual display (1) for a machine tool (M) which comprises a tool-holder (2) for a tool (T), a carrier (3) for a workpiece (W) to be machined by means of the tool (T), and a plurality of actuator devices (Al,..., AN) which can be controlled by means of associated drivers (D1,..., DN) in order to bring about controlled relative displacements between the tool (T) and the workpiece (W) along respective axes. The control system (1) comprises: a numerical controller (NC) which is connected to the drivers (D1,..., DN) and is suitable for implementing a machining program that is predetermined according to the features of the workpiece (W) to be produced and the features of the tool (T); the numerical controller (NC) is suitable for calculating, on the basis of the machining program, target coordinates defining positions of the tool (T) along the axes, which positions are to be reached by the activation of the associated actuator devices (Al, AN); image display means (ID); and a processing system (P) which is incorporated in and/or connected to the numerical controller (NC) in order to receive the calculated target coordinate values, and which is arranged to generate, on the basis of the target coordinates and of stored mathematical models of the machine (M), of the workpiece and of the tool, image data suitable for producing on the image display means (ID) a predictive, virtual, two-dimensional representation of the positions adopted by the workpiece (W) and by the tool (T) up to a preselected future moment.
A method for moving a tool of a CNC machine over a surface, wherein the CNC machine is provided with a sensor unit, comprising the steps of: (a) moving the tool over the surface in a predetermined direction and/or with a predetermined velocity and/or along a predetermined path, (b) treating the surface by the tool in accordance with a predetermined value of a treatment parameter, (c) determining, by the sensor unit, a response value indicating a response of the tool to treating the surface and/or to being pressed to the surface, and (d) determining a new direction and/or a new velocity and/or a new path and/or a new value for the treatment parameter based on the response value.
G05B 19/416 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par la commande de vitesse, d'accélération ou de décélération
G05B 19/401 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par des dispositions de commande pour la mesure, p.ex. étalonnage et initialisation, mesure de la pièce à usiner à des fins d'usinage
G05B 19/404 - Commande numérique (CN), c.à d. machines fonctionnant automatiquement, en particulier machines-outils, p.ex. dans un milieu de fabrication industriel, afin d'effectuer un positionnement, un mouvement ou des actions coordonnées au moyen de données d'u caractérisée par des dispositions de commande pour la compensation, p.ex. pour le jeu, le dépassement, le décalage d'outil, l'usure d'outil, la température, les erreurs de construction de la machine, la charge, l'inertie
15.
PRECISION DISPLACEMENT MEASURING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INDUSTRIAL MACHINES
A precision measuring system (1) for industrial machines is disclosed, particularly for numerically-controlled machine tools, particularly for measuring the linear displacement transduction of an object (40) comprising at least one optical system (20) equipped with at least one CCD-type optical sensor (10) adapted to acquire images of the object (40) in time; and acquiring, processing and computing means (30) of video signals (80) generated by the CCD-type optical sensor (10) adapted to determine measure signals (90) representing an amount of a displacement of the object (40). A measuring process using the system (1) is further disclosed.
G01B 11/00 - Dispositions pour la mesure caractérisées par l'utilisation de techniques optiques
G01B 21/00 - Dispositions pour la mesure ou leurs détails, où la technique de mesure n'est pas couverte par les autres groupes de la présente sous-classe, est non spécifiée ou est non significative
G01D 5/26 - Moyens mécaniques pour le transfert de la grandeur de sortie d'un organe sensible; Moyens pour convertir la grandeur de sortie d'un organe sensible en une autre variable, lorsque la forme ou la nature de l'organe sensible n'imposent pas un moyen de conversion déterminé; Transducteurs non spécialement adaptés à une variable particulière utilisant des moyens optiques, c. à d. utilisant de la lumière infrarouge, visible ou ultraviolette
G05D 1/02 - Commande de la position ou du cap par référence à un système à deux dimensions
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
(1) Numerical control machines; instructional and operating manuals and books.
(2) Tool machines with three or more degrees of freedom (milling machines) for superficial working; data processing equipment and computers; software; digit machines for scanning and digitizing; digit machines for measuring; computer systems for machining moulds and dies.
(3) Tool machines with three or more degrees of freedom (milling machines) for superficial working; numerical control machines; data processing equipment and computers; software; digit machines for scanning and digitizing; digit machines for measuring; computer systems for machining moulds and dies; instructional and operating manuals and books. (1) Computer programming services.
(2) Scientific and industrial research.
(3) Computer programming, scientific and industrial research.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
16 - Papier, carton et produits en ces matières
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
milling machines for superficial working with three or more degrees of freedom computer hardware and software for numerical control machining tools and for numerical control of molds, tool and dies; CAD/CAM computer hardware and software instructional and operating manuals for machines for milling, scanning and measuring and instructional and operating manuals for numerical control system to improve the precision of all machining operations for molds, model, and prototypes research services in the field of numerical control systems to command milling machines, scanning machines, measuring machines and to improve the precision of all machining operation for molds, models and prototypes
Processes are provided herein for the preparation of acidic polysaccharide esters. One process comprises treating a quaternary ammonium salt of the polysaccharide with an esterifying agent, preferably in an aprotic solvent, and, if desired, salifying free carboxy groups in the partial esters obtained, or releasing salified groups in them.
