The present invention provides electrodes comprising a core substrate, and internal layer coating, and an external layer coating and processes to prepare such electrodes.
C23C 18/08 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 18/04 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
C25B 11/097 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds comprising two or more noble metals or noble metal alloys
C25D 5/50 - After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
C25D 3/46 - Electroplating; Baths therefor from solutions of silver
C25D 3/50 - Electroplating; Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
2.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SOLID SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE PENTAHYDRATE
A storage and transport system for sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (solid bleach) is provided. The system includes a container configured to receive and store crystalline solid bleach that includes of at least forty percent sodium hypochlorite, and to retain decomposition components from crystalline solid bleach stored in the container. The container includes a containment wall at least partially surrounding an interior containment space configured to receive solid bleach therein. A passage extends from exterior the container to the interior containment space. The passage is configured for solid bleach to pass therethrough. A liner is located at an interior surface of the containment wall. The liner is substantially non-reactive with solid bleach and, without leakage, capable of retaining within the containment space: (a) solid bleach, (b) decomposition components of solid bleach and (c) liquid bleach formed when dissolving water is added to solid bleach within the containment space.
B61D 27/00 - Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
B65G 69/04 - Spreading-out the materials conveyed over the whole surface to be loaded; Trimming heaps of loose materials
B65G 69/20 - Auxiliary treatments, e.g. aerating, heating, humidifying, de-aerating, cooling, de-watering, or drying, during loading or unloading; Loading or unloading in a fluid medium other than air
B65G 69/10 - Obtaining an average product from stored bulk material
an inner member disposed in the rearward end of the central passageway of the outer member, the inner member comprising a first forwardly facing cup-shaped portion, and a second, rearwardly facing cup-shaped portion opening to the open rearward end of the outer member, and a circumferentially extending downwardly and rearwardly facing shoulder on the exterior of inner member engaging the seat in the central passage of the outer member.
An improved hollow point bullet has a core of a soft, dense metal having a generally cylindrical rear section, a tapering front section, and an open forward end opening to a cavity. A jacket of a harder metal than the core surrounds at least the rear and front sections of the core, and extends at least partially into the cavity. An expander of a rigid polymer is disposed in the cavity, substantially filling the cavity and providing at least one passage through to the bottom of the cavity.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
F42B 33/00 - Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
B22D 17/02 - Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted
B22D 17/22 - Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
B22D 25/02 - Special casting characterised by the nature of the product of works of art
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 12/78 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets
B21K 1/02 - Making machine elements balls, rolls, or rollers, e.g. for bearings
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
A bullet having a generally cup-shaped jacket, a core disposed inside the jacket, and partially divided into a plurality of segments by a plurality of slits formed therein is mounted at the front of the jacket. A tip is mounted in the core. The tip has a plurality of notches formed its forwardly facing ogival surface; each notch having a forward end adjacent the forward end of the tip, and a rear end rearward of the rearwardly facing shoulder and the front end of the jacket, so that material from the target can enter the jacket and help open the jacket and release the core.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 12/36 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for signalling
F42B 12/78 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
A fragmenting bullet has a metal core having a generally cylindrical rear section and a tapering forward section, a plurality of spaced slots in the forward section forming a plurality of prongs. A metal jacket encloses and substantially conforms to the core. The jacket has an open forward end, and a plurality of lines of weakness in the portion of the jacket over the forward section of the core.
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
F42B 12/36 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for signalling
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
The present invention provides compositions comprising comminuted sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals with an average length-to-diameter ratio of less than about 20:1, and a mother liquor saturated in sodium hypochlorite, which has excess alkalinity and/or one or more additional alkali or alkali earth metal salts. Processes for preparing these compositions will be presented.
An improved shotshell of the type having a hull, a head at the proximal end, propellant disposed in the hull, a wad disposed in the hull distal to the propellant, and a load disposed in the hull in distal to the wad. The improvement comprises the load including a plurality of individual shot, at least a portion of which are at least partially surrounded by a friable material that breaks up upon the firing of the shell to release to the shot and results in a reduced rate of dispersion of the plurality of individual shot compared to cartridges without the friable material.
A bullet having a metal jacket, having a generally cylindrical aft section, a tapering forward section, and an open front. A soft, dense, metal core is disposed in the metal jacket. The core has a cavity generally aligned with the open front of the jacket, with a plurality of blades extending forwardly into the cavity, each terminating in a front face at or spaced rearwardly of the forward edge of the metal jacket.
F42B 12/02 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 5/02 - Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 12/02 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
An improved shotshell of the type having a hull, a head at the proximal end, propellant disposed in the hull, a wad disposed in the hull distal to the propellant, and a load disposed in the hull in distal to the wad. The improvement comprises the load including a plurality of individual shot, at least a portion of which are at least partially surrounded by a friable material that breaks up upon the firing of the shell to release to the shot and results in a reduced rate of dispersion of the plurality of individual shot compared to cartridges without the friable material.
A sodium hypochlorite composition comprising between about 25% and about 40% sodium hypochlorite, in the form of a slurry of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals in a mother liquor saturated in sodium hypochlorite. The composition can include sodium chloride, and an alkai stabilizer such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The slurry is preferably between about −15° C. and about 10° C. A method of transporting or storing sodium hypochlorite is also provided in which the sodium hypochlorite is in the form of a slurry of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals in a mother liquor saturated in sodium hypochlorite. The composition can include sodium chloride, and an alkali stabilizer such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The slurry is preferably between about −15° C. and about 10° C.
A jacketed bullet comprising a dense core of a first material substantially surrounded by and bonded to a jacket of a second material, wherein the thickness of the jacket varies.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
23.
Rounded cubic shot and shotshells loaded with rounded cubic shot
A shot pellet for a shotshell. The shot pellet has a generally cubic shape comprising six generally square faces joined by rounded edges that have a radius of curvature of between about 15% and 40% of the distance between opposite faces of the generally cubic shaped pellet.
A segmenting slug has a body having a generally dome-shaped forward portion, a generally cylindrical rearward portion, and an opening in the rear of the body forming an interior chamber. There are a plurality of generally radially extending notches in the dome-shaped forward portion of the slug, and a longitudinally extending groove in the wall of the interior chamber substantially aligned with each notch.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
A shot cup for holding shot in a shotshell has a generally cylindrical sidewall, having a closed proximal end, and an open distal end, and at least one distally-facing petal connected to the sidewall at its proximal end, the petal configured so that it is widest at a point intermediate the proximal and distal ends of the petal. The at least one petal being capable of opening outwardly after the shot cup leaves the shotshell.
A bullet having a jacket, having a rear section, and a front section, having an open front end; a rear core disposed in the rear section of the jacket and bonded thereto; and a front core, separate from the rear core, disposed in the front section of the jacket, adjacent the open front end. The front section of the jacket can expand after impact with the target and release the front core to form an initial volume of disruption, while the rear core and at least the rear section of the jacket penetrate, past the initial volume of disruption.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
F42B 12/74 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
F42B 12/78 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets
F42B 12/36 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for signalling
An improved shotshell of the type having a hull, having a propellant, a wad, and a load. The improvement comprises the load comprising of at least one non-spherical slug and shot, with at least one shot disposed in front of the slug in the hull.
A bullet includes at least a mid core and a rear core in tandem alignment. The hardness of the mid core is greater than the hardness of the rear core. A jacket envelops both the mid core and the rear core. The jacket has a generally cylindrical sidewall, which is in contact with the mid core, and a boat-tail, which is in contact with the rear core. The rear core is substantially contained within the boat-tail. The mid core and the rear core may be substantially lead-free. In one embodiment, the bullet includes a front core in tandem alignment with the rear core and in contact with a nose portion of the jacket. In another embodiment, the mid core extends from the nose portion of the bullet to the boat-tail.
F42B 12/04 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
A jacketed bullet comprising a dense core of a first material substantially surrounded by and bonded to a jacket of a second material, wherein the thickness of the jacket varies.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
A sabot-retaining shotshell cartridge and firing assembly including a barrel or barrel insert for firing the sabot-retaining shotshell cartridge. The shotshell cartridge includes a cylindrical hull, a sub-caliber projectile, a propellant charge, and a sabot. A central pathway or thin membrane is defined within the base of the sabot between the sub-caliber projectile and propellant charge. The barrel or barrel insert for firing the cartridge includes a transitional area between chamber and sub-caliber rifled bore to retain sabot in the cartridge. Upon cartridge firing, propellant gases flow through central portion of sabot base propelling projectile out of the sabot and into sub-caliber rifled bore.
A shellcase body for use as part of an ammunition cartridge, which includes a base portion at one end, a middle portion having a substantially straight sidewall and joined with the base portion, and a shoulder portion joined to and extending from the middle portion. A neck portion may be joined to and extend from the shoulder portion. The shoulder portion is typically annularly shaped and includes a semi-circular sidewall that extends between an aft end and a fore end. The semi-circular sidewall has a curvature that is defined by a circular arc having a predetermined radius and a center that is positioned a distance away from the shellcase body center longitudinal axis. The shoulder portion is joined with the straight sidewall at a secant point of the circular arc, i.e., the straight sidewall defines a secant line that intersects the circular arc at the aforementioned secant point.
An ammunition cartridge includes: a basewad disposed within a tube proximate the aft end of the tube; a projectile wad disposed within the tube proximate a fore end of the tube; a propellant charge disposed within a chamber formed between the projectile wad and the basewad; and a projectile disposed within the tube between a forward facing surface of the projectile wad and the fore end of the tube. The aft end of the projectile wad has a powder cup skirt formed thereon, and a chamfer is formed around an outer perimeter of a lip of the powder cup skirt. The chamfer allows the powder cup skirt to be slidably received within a skirt of the basewad to form the chamber. The chamfer provides a clearance at the powder cup skirt lip, which helps to insure undisturbed entry into the mouth of the basewad skirt.
A projectile according to exemplary embodiments generally includes a jacket with nose, middle, and heel portions. The nose portion includes a forward cavity. The heel portion includes a rearward cavity having sidewalls. A dense core is within the rearward cavity and bonded to the sidewalls. Upon upset of the projectile, the portion of the jacket forming the forward cavity peels generally back toward the heel portion thereby forming petals, and the sidewalls and the dense core axially compress and radially expand to define a bulge portion, with the jacket material substantially covering the dense core material thereby inhibiting exposure of the dense core material to the upset media.
F42B 12/34 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
Olin Corporation, a corporation of the Commonwealth of Virginia (USA)
Inventor
Eberhart, Gerald Todd
Abstract
A bullet includes at least a mid core and a rear core in tandem alignment. The hardness of the mid core is greater than the hardness of the rear core. A jacket envelops both the mid core and the rear core. The jacket has a generally cylindrical sidewall, which is in contact with the mid core, and a boat-tail, which is in contact with the rear core. The rear core is substantially contained within the boat-tail. The mid core and the rear core may be substantially lead-free. In one embodiment, the bullet includes a front core in tandem alignment with the rear core and in contact with a nose portion of the jacket. In another embodiment, the mid core extends from the nose portion of the bullet to the boat-tail.
F42B 12/04 - Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
38.
Short magnum shotshell cartridge and firing assembly
A sabot-retaining shotshell cartridge and firing assembly including a barrel or barrel insert for firing the sabot-retaining shotshell cartridge. The shotshell cartridge includes a cylindrical hull, a sub-caliber projectile, a propellant charge, and a sabot. A central pathway or thin membrane is defined within the base of the sabot between the sub-caliber projectile and propellant charge. The barrel or barrel insert for firing the cartridge includes a transitional area between chamber and sub-caliber rifled bore to retain sabot in the cartridge. Upon cartridge firing, propellant gases flow through central portion of sabot base propelling projectile out of the sabot and into sub-caliber rifled bore.
A shellcase body for use as part of an ammunition cartridge, which includes a base portion at one end, a middle portion having a substantially straight sidewall and joined with the base portion, and a shoulder portion joined to and extending from the middle portion. A neck portion may be joined to and extend from the shoulder portion. The shoulder portion is typically annularly shaped and includes a semi-circular sidewall that extends between an aft end and a fore end. The semi-circular sidewall has a curvature that is defined by a circular arc having a predetermined radius and a center that is positioned a distance away from the shellcase body center longitudinal axis. The shoulder portion is joined with the straight sidewall at a secant point of the circular arc, i.e., the straight sidewall defines a secant line that intersects the circular arc at the aforementioned secant point.
An ammunition cartridge includes: a basewad disposed within a tube proximate the aft end of the tube; a projectile wad disposed within the tube proximate a fore end of the tube; a propellant charge disposed within a chamber formed between the projectile wad and the basewad; and a projectile disposed within the tube between a forward facing surface of the projectile wad and the fore end of the tube. The aft end of the projectile wad has a powder cup skirt formed thereon, and a chamfer is formed around an outer perimeter of a lip of the powder cup skirt. The chamfer allows the powder cup skirt to be slidably received within a skirt of the basewad to form the chamber. The chamfer provides a clearance at the powder cup skirt lip, which helps to insure undisturbed entry into the mouth of the basewad skirt.
A projectileless ammunition system (20; 320) includes a metallic case (22; 322). A propellant charge (26; 326) is carried by the case and covered by an over-powder member (24; 324) in the absence of a separate projectile. The ammunition is advantageously used with an industrial ballistic tool operating so that each spent case serves as the effective projectile to be propelled by firing of the next round of ammunition.
patents
