Organometallic complexes are described which are useful as pre -polymerization catalysts which may form part of olefin polymerization catalyst systems. The catalyst systems find use in the polymerization of ethylene, optionally with one or more C3-12 alpha- olefin comonomers. The organometallic complexes are broadly represented by formula (I): Formula (I) wherein L is a bridging group containing a contiguous chain of atoms connecting P with Cy, wherein the contiguous chain contains 2 or 3 atoms and wherein Cy is a cyclopentadienyl- type ligand. The olefin polymerization catalyst system is effective at polymerizing ethylene with alpha-olefins in a solution phase polymerization process at high temperatures and produces ethylene copolymers with high molecular weight and high degrees of alpha-olefin incorporation. Pre-metallation compounds, metallation processes and synthetic methods to make the organometallic complexes as well as polymerization processes are also described.
An olefin polymerization process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a pre-polymerization catalyst, a boron-based catalyst activator, an alkylaluminoxane co-catalyst, and a hindered phenol compound. The pre-polymerization catalyst is a titanium complex and has an indenoindolyl ligand bridged to a phenoxy ligand via a silyl group. The catalyst system is effective at polymerizing ethylene with alpha-olefins in a solution phase polymerization process at high temperatures and produces ethylene copolymers with high molecular weight and high degrees of alpha-olefin incorporation.
A method and a system for converting ethane to ethylene are provided. An exemplary method includes providing a feed stream including the ethane and oxygen to an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor and converting at least a portion of the ethane to ethylene in the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor to provide a reactor effluent stream including ethane, ethylene, and oxygen, acetylene, or both. The method includes cooling the reactor effluent stream to form a cooled effluent stream and providing the cooled effluent stream to an oxygen removal reactor including an ODH catalyst bed. A deoxygenation stream including water and an alcohol is provided to the oxygen removal reactor to form a deoxygenated effluent.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
C07C 51/25 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
A system and method including an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactor system, feeding ethane and oxygen to an ODH reactor having ODH catalyst, and dehydrogenating ethane to ethylene via the ODH catalyst in presence of the oxygen in the ODH reactor, thereby forming acetic acid in the ODH reactor. The ODH reactor effluent is discharged through a quench heat exchanger, thereby cooling the effluent via the quench heat exchanger to below a temperature threshold, the effluent including ethylene, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and unreacted ethane, wherein residence time of the effluent from the ODH reactor to effluent discharge outlet of the quench heat exchanger is less than a specified upper limit.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
A feed stream including ethane is flowed to a purification unit that includes a first oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. The feed stream is contacted with the first oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst at a first temperature to reduce a concentration of impurities in the feed stream to produce a purified feed stream. The purified feed stream is flowed to an oxidative dehydrogenation unit that includes a second oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. The purified feed stream is contacted with the second oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst in the presence of oxygen at a second temperature greater than the first temperature to dehydrogenate ethane to produce a product stream that includes ethylene.
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A polymer processing aid (PPA) reduces melt defects in extruded polyolefins in the absence of fluoropolymers. The polymer processing aid comprises a block copolymer having polyamide blocks and polyether blocks and reduces melt defects well in a thermoplastic polyolefin such as a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
A polymer processing aid (PPA) reduces melt defects in extruded polyolefins in the absence of fluoropolymers. The polymer processing aid comprises a polyalkylene glycol such as a polyethylene glycol together with a high pressure low density polyethylene (LDPE) and reduces melt defects well in a thermoplastic polyolefin such as a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
A system and method for producing ethylene, including dehydrogenating ethane to ethylene via an ODH catalyst in an ODH reactor, discharging an effluent from the ODH reactor, heating feed including ethane to the ODH reactor with the effluent, recovering acetic acid from the effluent as acetic acid product, and forwarding a process gas including ethylene from the effluent for further processing to give ethylene product. The technique involves energy integration including with respect to the processing of the effluent. Water may be recovered from the effluent as recycle water for addition of the recycle water to the feed.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 51/215 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
C07C 51/25 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
A system and method for producing ethylene, including dehydrogenating ethane to ethylene via an ODH catalyst in the presence of oxygen in an ODH reactor, discharging an effluent (including at least ethylene, water, and acetic acid) from the ODH reactor, recovering heat from the effluent for processing feed including ethane for the ODH reactor, recovering water from the effluent as recycle water for addition to the feed in performing water dilution of the feed, and adding oxygen to the feed to give a mixed feed including ethane, oxygen, and recycle water to the ODH reactor.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 51/215 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
A biaxially oriented polyethylene film structure comprises at least three layers, including a core layer, wherein the core layer comprises: i) from 50 to 99.5 weight percent of a first polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer having a density of greater than 0.940 g/cm3; and ii) from 0.5 to 50 weight percent of a second polyethylene which is a polyethylene homopolymer composition having a density of at least 0.950 g/cm3; wherein the polyethylene homopolymer composition further comprises a nucleating agent or a mixture of nucleating agents. The biaxially oriented film has very good optical properties.
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
B32B 27/18 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
A biaxially oriented polyethylene film structure comprises at least three layers, including a core layer, wherein the core layer comprises: i) from 50 to 99.5 weight percent of a first polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer having a density of greater than 0.940 g/cm3; and ii) from 0.5 to 50 weight percent of a second polyethylene which is a polyethylene homopolymer composition having a density of at least 0.950 g/cm3; wherein the polyethylene homopolymer composition further comprises a nucleating agent or a mixture of nucleating agents. The biaxially oriented film has very good optical properties.
A biaxially oriented polyethylene film structure comprises at least three layers, at least one layer comprising a polyethylene composition, the polyethylene composition having a density of from 0.941 to 0.962 g/cm3; a melt index, I2 of from 0.5 to 5.0 g/10min; and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn, of from 3.0 to 8Ø The biaxially oriented film has good optical properties.
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
An apparatus for hydrocarbon conversion, the apparatus including a reactor and a reactor insert secured and disposed within an interior cavity of the reactor, is described. The reactor is configured to permit addition of a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon at an upstream end of the reactor and to permit discharge of a product stream at a downstream end of the reactor. The reactor insert is configured to provide heat to the interior cavity to promote conversion of hydrocarbons as the feed stream moves from the upstream end of the reactor to the downstream end of the reactor. The products of the conversion reaction are discharged at the downstream end as part of the product stream. A method for hydrocarbon conversion using the apparatus is also described.
A polyethylene composition has a density of from 0.941 to 0.962 g/cm3; a melt index, I2 of from 0.5 to 5.0 g/10min; a melt flow ratio, I21/I2 of = 40; a Z-average molecular weight distribution, Mz/Mw of = 2.5; a comonomer distribution breadth index, CDBI50 of > 50 wt%; and a long chain branching factor, LCBF of > 0.0010. In a temperature rising elution fractionation (CTREF) analysis, the polyethylene composition has greater than 70 weight percent of material eluting at a temperature of greater than 90°C.
A polyethylene composition has a density of = 0.945 g/cm3, a melt index,I2 of from 0.8 to 4.0 g/10min, an environmental stress crack resistance, an ESCR of greater than 400 hours as determined by ASTM D1693 in 100% IGEPAL CO-630 under conditions A or B, and a melt strength of = 3.0 cN.
Ethylene copolymer compositions having a density of 0.902 g/cm3 or less exhibit rapid crystallization behavior. The ethylene copolymer compositions comprise a first ethylene copolymer, a second ethylene copolymer and optionally a third ethylene copolymer, where the number average molecular weight of the first ethylene copolymer is greater than the number average molecular weight of the second ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer compositions are useful in the formation of monolayer and multilayer films.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
Ethylene copolymer compositions having a density of from 0.860 to 0.910 g/cm3 exhibit rapid crystallization behavior. The ethylene copolymer compositions comprise a first ethylene copolymer, a second ethylene copolymer and a third ethylene copolymer, where the number average molecular weight of the first ethylene copolymer is greater than the number average molecular weight of the second ethylene copolymer and the third ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer compositions are useful in the formation of monolayer and multilayer films.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
A flexible package includes a multilayer film including a first skin layer comprising a high density polyethylene having a density of about 0.950 g/cm3 to about 0.970 g/cm3 and a melt index, I2, of about 0.5/10 minutes to 10 g/10 minutes, a core layer comprising polyethylene, and a second skin layer comprising a sealant polyethylene having a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of 2 to 4, a density of 0.880 g/cm3 to 0.920 g/cm3, and a melt index, I2, of 0.3 g/10 minutes to 5 g/10 minutes; wherein the multilayer film is at least 90 wt.% polyethylene; and a fitment that includes an ethylene-alpha-olefin co-polymer having a density of 0.880 g/cm3 to 0.930 g/cm3.
B32B 3/08 - Layered products essentially comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products essentially having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
B32B 27/18 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
Catalysts and Methods for large-scale production of the catalysts are provided. An exemplary catalyst composition includes molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium, niobium, oxygen. In the catalyst composition, the molar ratio of molybdenum to vanadium is from 1:0.05 to 1:0.60, the molar ratio of molybdenum to tellurium is from 1:0.01 to 1:0.30, and the molar ratio of molybdenum to niobium is from 1:0.01 to 1:0.40. Oxygen is present at least in an amount to satisfy the valency of any present metal oxides, and composition includes less than 1.0 wt. % of sulfur.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A catalyst material includes molybdenum (Mo); vanadium (V), the molar ratio of Mo:V being between 1:0.12 and 1:0.49; tellurium (Te), the molar ratio of Mo:Te being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; niobium (Nb), the molar ratio of Mo:Nb being between 1:0.01 and 1:0.30; and beryllium (Be), the molar ratio of Mo:Be being from 1:1 to 1:50.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A bimodal polyethylene composition has a density of from 0.940 to 0.949 g/cm3, a melt index, I2 of greater than 5 g/10min and an environmental stress crack resistance, ESCR of greater than 1000 hours as determined by ASTM D1693 in 100% IGEPAL CO-630 under condition B. The bimodal polyethylene composition which comprises a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer is relatively easy to process and may be used to make molded articles.
A catalyst, useful for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium, tantalum, and oxygen, prepared using a stage hydrothermal synthesis procedure, is provided. The catalyst comprises from 30 to 50 wt. % amorphous content and may be combined with a support/carrier material to form a catalyst material. The described catalysts and catalyst materials demonstrate high selectivity for ethylene at higher temperatures, show little to no decline in conversion and selectivity over time, and do not appear to be sensitive to low residual oxygen concentrations.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
The copolymerization of ethylene with vinylcyclohexane is carried out with a catalyst system comprising a bridged hafnocene. When relatively low levels of vinylcyclohexane are incorporated, the ethylene-vinylcyclohexane copolymers have high degrees of crystallinity as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (Xc in%). These copolymers have good thermoformability.
The copolymerization of ethylene with vinylcyclohexane (VCH) is carried out with a catalyst system comprising a bridged hafnocene. High levels of vinylcyclohexane incorporation can be achieved affording ethylene-vinylcyclohexane copolymers having low degrees of crystallinity as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (Xc in %). These copolymers have good barrier properties when made into film.
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
A fixed bed reactor system for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising a catalyst bed wherein the catalyst capacity profile increases along the length of catalyst bed from the upstream end to the downstream end. The catalyst bed may include one or more sections, across one or more fixed bed reactors, that are identified by a change in catalyst capacity. Catalyst capacity, or the ability to convert ethane into ethylene, may be altered by changing the dilution ratio, void fraction, and or the 35% conversion temperature. A method for loading a fixed bed reactor with an increasing catalyst capacity is also described.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
26.
INTEGRATION OF OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS WITH CATALYTIC MEMBRANE DEHYDROGENATION REACTOR PROCESS
This disclosure relates to a process of converting one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes that includes providing a first stream containing one or more alkanes and oxygen to an oxidative dehydrogenation process which converts at least a portion of the one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes in an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, a second stream exiting the oxidative dehydrogenation process comprising one or more alkanes, and one or more alkenes; and providing at least a portion of the alkanes in the second stream to a catalytic membrane dehydrogenation process containing a catalyst loaded into a catalytic dehydrogenation membrane reactor which converts at least a portion of the alkanes to the corresponding alkenes and hydrogen.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A chemical complex to perform oxidative dehydrogenation of C2-C4 alkanes, to C2-C4 alkenes, the chemical complex involving at least one oxidative dehydrogenation reactor containing one or more mixed metal oxide catalysts and designed to accept, optionally in the presence of a heat removal diluent gas, an oxygen containing gas and a C2-C4 alkane containing gas, and to produce a product stream including a corresponding C2-C4 alkene and one or more of: an unreacted C2-C4 alkane; oxygen; heat removal diluent gas; carbon oxides, including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; oxygenates, including but not limited to, one or more of acetic acid, acrylic acid and maleic acid; and water; and involving a combustion chamber for combusting a product stream and at least one fuel stream and optionally at least one stream including oxygen, the combustion chamber producing a flue gas at a temperature of 850°C to 1500°C.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by distillation
C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
C07C 7/11 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
The product distribution from an oxidative dehydrogenation process can be altered by co-feeding different ratios of ethanol to steam, in the range of 0.01 to 0.50 ethanol:steam to an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor. Increasing the ethanol to steam ratio was found to: increase ethylene yield; decrease acetic acid yield; increase, or decrease, or cause no effect on CO or CO2 yield; and have negligible effect on ethane conversion. The feed ethanol is converted to carbonaceous products without negatively effecting the catalyst activity.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
C07C 51/235 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of —CHO groups or primary alcohol groups
A thermoformable film comprises a polyethylene composition. The polyethylene composition comprises a first polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 70,000 to 250,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of < 2.3, a second polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer or homopolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 15,000 to 100,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of < 2.3, and a third polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer or homopolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 70,000 to 250,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of > 2.3, where the first polyethylene has more short chain branching than the second polyethylene or the third polyethylene. The polyethylene composition has a melt flow ratio (121/12) of 50 and an area Dimensional Thermoformability Index (aDTI) at 105 C of less than 15.
A thermoformable film comprises a polyethylene composition. A polyethylene composition comprises a first polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 70,000 to 250,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of < 2.3, a second polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer or homopolymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 75,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of < 2.3, a third polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer or homopolymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 75,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of < 2.3, and a fourth polyethylene which is an ethylene copolymer or homopolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 250,000 and a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of > 2.3, where the first polyethylene has more short chain branching than the second polyethylene or the third polyethylene. The polyethylene composition has a melt flow ratio (121/12) of 55 and an area Dimensional Thermoformability Index (aDTI) at 105 C of less than 15.
Compositions for forming rotationally molded (rotomolded) parts, methods for forming the rotomolded parts, and the rotomolded parts are provided. An exemplary rotomolding composition includes a virgin resin, including a polyethylene polymer, and a postconsumer recycle (PCR) resin.
This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer products comprising a Melt Flow-Intrinsic Viscosity Index value, MFIVI, of from = 0.05 to = 0.80; a first derivative of a melt flow distribution function, formula (I) of form = -1.85 to = -1.51; an unsaturation ratio, UR, of from > 0.06 to = 0.60; and a residual catalytic metal of from = 0.03 to = 5 ppm of hafnium. Ethylene interpolymer products comprise at least two ethylene interpolymers. Ethylene interpolymer products are characterized by a melt index (I2) from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.855 to 0.975 g/cc and from 0 to 25 mole percent of one or more a-olefins. Ethylene interpolymer products have polydispersity, Mw/Mn, from 1.7 to 25; and CDBI50 values from 1% to 98%. These ethylene interpolymer products have utility in flexible and rigid applications.
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
Embodiments described in examples herein provide methods and systems for increasing a yield from an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactor. An exemplary method includes controlling a temperature of a feed gas composition at less than 250ºC. The feed gas composition is flowed through a feed preheater to form a heated feed gas, wherein in the feed preheater the feed gas composition is heated to between 150ºC and 250ºC. The heated feed gas is flowed into the ODH reactor less than 15 seconds after leaving the feed preheater.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A medium pressure solution phase polymerization process is provided in which the amount of long chain branching present in an ethylene/1-octene copolymer is controlled with a bridged hafnocene polymerization catalyst in the presence of different polymerization process conditions.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
35.
ETHYLENE INTERPOLYMERS CATALYZED USING MIXED HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST FORMULATIONS
An ethylene interpolymer product comprises a first component with an undetectable level of long-chain branches and a second component with a detectable level of long-chain branches wherein said first component has a weight-average molecular weight higher than said second component. The ethylene interpolymer product is characterized as having (a) an Arrhenius type flow activation energy E a greater than or equal to 33 kJ/mol and less than or equal to 45 kJ/mol; and (b) a number-average relaxation time t n measured at 190°C greater than or equal to 2 ms and less than or equal to 15 ms, wherein said number-average relaxation time is calculated using zero-shear viscosity ? 0 at 190°C in kPa.s and plateau modulus Formula (I) at 190°C in MPa, according to Formula (II). Film made from the ethylene interpolymer product may be characterized by a hot-tack peak strength from about 12 N to about 20 N and a lubricated puncture resistance from about 100 J/mm to about 150 J/mm.
An ethylene copolymer comprising ethylene and at least one alpha olefin having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms has a density of from 0.940 to 0.960 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 9 to 12, and a Z-average molecular weight, Mz of greater than 500,000. The ethylene copolymer is made in a multi-zone reactor system under solution phase polymerization conditions and is useful in the preparation of biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE) films.
C08F 4/16 - Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
C08F 4/20 - Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen of antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a methane feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
The present disclosure relates to limiting the production of acetic acid in an oxidative dehydrogenation process to convert ethane to ethylene. The process of oxidative dehydrogenation includes feeding acetic acid, along with ethane and oxygen into an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor where contact with a catalyst leads to conversion of the ethane into ethylene and acetic acid. By including acetic acid in the feed, the amount of acetic acid produced may be limited and the ratio of ethylene produced to ethane consumed may increase.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a light hydrocarbon feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
Provided in this disclosure is an ethylene interpolymer composition. The ethylene interpolymer composition includes a first ethylene interpolymer, a second ethylene interpolymer, and a third ethylene interpolymer. Further, the ethylene interpolymer composition has a density of at least 0.945 g/cm3; an environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR), measured according to ASTM D1693, Condition B, 10% IGEPAL CO-360, of at least 90 hours; and an Izod impact strength of at least 80 J/m, as measured according to ASTM D256.
A system for mitigating naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in an oxidative dehydrogenation process includes a feed stream, an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactor, an effluent stream, a processing unit, and a NORM reduction unit. The feed stream includes oxygen, a hydrocarbon, and NORM. The ODH reactor is configured to receive the feed stream and react the hydrocarbon with the oxygen to form a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and water. The effluent stream includes the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, water, unreacted hydrocarbon, and NORM. The processing unit is configured to process the effluent stream to form a product stream and a recycle stream. The product stream includes the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon. The recycle stream includes unreacted hydrocarbon and NORM. The NORM reduction unit is configured to reduce an amount of the NORM in the recycle stream to produce a NORM-reduced recycle stream. The ODH reactor is configured to receive the NORM-reduced recycle stream.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
A polyethylene homopolymer composition having a weight average molecular weight Mw, of from 75,000 to 95,000; an Mz of from 200,000 to 325,000; a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of from 6 to 12 and a melt index, I2 of from 1.5 to 2.8 grams per 10 minutes can be used to prepare films having a good balance of optical properties and resistance to moisture transmission.
An ethylene interpolymer product comprises from 40 to 80 weight % of a first ethylene interpolymer having a molecular weight distribution index of Formula (I), and, from 20 to 60 weight % of a second ethylene interpolymer having a molecular weight distribution index of Formula (II), wherein said ethylene interpolymer product is characterized by a dilution Index, Y d , greater than 0, and, a solid-to-liquid transition temperature not greater than 112°C. The ethylene interpolymer product may be further characterized as having a weighted Rheological Adhesion Parameter, Rh adh , greater than 1.5. Films made from the ethylene interpolymer product composition have a hot tack seal onset temperature less than 90°C and a hot tack window at 2.5N measured on a 2mil blown film no less than 30°C.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
44.
ETHYLENE INTERPOLYMER PRODUCTS HAVING UNIQUE MELT FLOW-INTRINSIC VISCOSITY (MFIVI) AND LOW UNSATURATION
This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer products comprising a Melt Flow-Intrinsic Viscosity Index value, MFIVI, from = 0.05 to = 0.80; a first derivative of a melt flow distribution function, formula (I) at a loading of 4000 g, from > -1.51to = -1.15; a sum of unsaturation, SUM U , from = 0.005 to < 0.047 unsaturations per 100 carbon atoms; and a residual catalytic metal from = 0.03 to = 5 ppm of hafnium. Ethylene interpolymer products comprise at least two ethylene interpolymers. Ethylene interpolymer products are characterized by a melt index (I2) from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.855 to 0.975 g/cc and from 0 to 25 mole percent of one or more a-olefins. Ethylene interpolymer products have polydispersity, Mw/Mn, from 1.7 to 25; and CDBI50 values from 1% to 98%. These ethylene interpolymer products have utility in flexible as well as rigid applications.
B32B 7/00 - Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical propert; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
C08F 4/659 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond
45.
ETHYLENE INTERPOLYMER PRODUCTS HAVING UNIQUE MELT FLOW-INTRINSIC VISCOSITY (MFIVI) AND HIGH UNSATURATION
This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer products comprising a Melt Flow-Intrinsic Viscosity Index value, MFIVI, of from = 0.05 to = 0.80; a first derivative of a melt flow distribution function, formula (I) at a loading of 4000 g, of from = -1.85 to = -1.51; a sum of unsaturation, SUM U , from = 0.047 to = 0.100 unsaturations per 100 carbon atoms; and a residual catalytic metal of from = 0.03 to = 5 ppm of hafnium. Ethylene interpolymer products comprise at least two ethylene interpolymers. Ethylene interpolymer products are characterized by a melt index (I2) from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.855 to 0.975 g/cc and from 0 to 25 mole percent of one or more a-olefins. Ethylene interpolymer products have polydispersity, Mw/Mn, from 1.7 to 25; and CDBI50 values from 1% to 98%. These ethylene interpolymer products have utility in flexible as well as rigid applications.
B32B 7/00 - Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical propert; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
C08F 4/659 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond
In the manufacture of extruded polymers there are a number of surface defects referred to as sharkskin, snakeskin and orange peel which all generally relate to the rheology of the polymer melt. A severe form of surface defect is "melt fracture" which is believed to result when the shear rate at the surface of the polymer is sufficiently high that the surface of the polymer begins to fracture. That is, there is a slippage of the surface of the extruded polymer relative to the body of the polymer melt. The surface generally can't flow fast enough to keep up with the body of the extrudate and a fracture in the melt occurs generally resulting in a severe loss of surface properties for the extrudate. A polymer extrusion process is disclosed wherein these undesirable surface defects are eliminated.
C08L 27/12 - Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
47.
ROTOMOLDING COMPOSITIONS WITH LOW RELATIVE ELASTICITY
High density polyethylene compositions having a high flow index and a bimodal composition provides an outstanding combination of processability, stiffness and ductility in rotomolded articles. The compositions have a low relative elasticity (G'/G", measured at 0.05 rad/sec) of less than 0.03.
Provided in this disclosure are titanium complexes that contain 1) a cyclopentadienyl ligand; 2) an adamantyl-phosphinimine ligand; and 3) at least one activatable ligand. The use of such a complex, in combination with an activator, as an olefin polymerization catalyst is demonstrated. The catalysts are effective for the copolymerization of ethylene with an alpha olefin (such as 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene) and enable the production of high molecular weight copolymers (Mw greater than 25,000) at high productivity under solution polymerization conditions.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
49.
CYCLOPENTADIENYL/ADAMANTYL PHOSPHINIMINE ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM COMPLEXES
Provided in this disclosure are zirconium and hafnium complexes that contain 1) a cyclopentadienyl ligand; 2) an adamantyl-phosphinimine ligand; and 3) at least one other ligand. The use of such a complex, in combination with an activator, as an olefin polymerization catalyst is demonstrated. The catalysts are effective for the copolymerization of ethylene with an alpha olefin (such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene).
A composition comprising a high molecular weight, chromium catalyzed ethylene copolymer (also referred to as a polyethylene resin), a nucleating agent and zinc oxide.
A new olefin polymerization catalyst is ligated with a tetradentate ligand having a phenoxy/amino/ether/phenoxy (O/N/O/O) atom donor set. The new polymerization catalyst which is based on zirconium or hafnium produces an ethylene copolymer with high molecular weight and high comonomer incorporation levels.
An all polyethylene multilayer film structure having alternating layers of (A) a linear low density polyethylene and (B) a high density polyethylene has improved performance properties relative to a film structure in which the (A) and (B) layers are arranged in a block like or random manner.
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
B32B 27/18 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
A rotomolding composition comprises a blend of two polyethylenes: 1) a well stabilized polyethylene; and 2) a poorly stabilized polyethylene having a very low flow rate. The poorly stabilized polyethylene is further characterized by having a large particle size (from 500 to 3000 microns). Rotomolded parts prepared from the composition have a rough inner surface. Polyurethane foam adheres well to this rough surface.
A polyethylene composition suitable for rotomolding and comprising a blend of a stabilized polyethylene, and optionally a substantially non-stabilized polyethylene, with a recycled polymer (PCR), is described. By using a PCR with a higher density and lower melt flow as compared to the stabilized polyethylene, a higher portion of the recycled polymer is present on the interior surface of the rotomolded part. Oxidation of the recycled polymer results in formation of oxidized species, such as carbonyl groups, on the interior surface of the part, which along with higher surface roughness enhances adhesion between the interior surface and coatings or fillings, such as polyurethane, used to provide a layer of insulation or improve structural strength or buoyancy.
In chemical processes for cracking hydrocarbons, reactors are subject to coking. During the decoke process carburization of the metal substrate can occur, negatively impacting reactor life. Decokes are also costly due to down-time where costs are incurred without production of commercial products. Reducing the frequency of decokes provides an opportunity to reduce the financial impacts of downtimes. A start-up procedure is described herein that limits initial coke deposition, leading to a reduced tendency for carburization of the metal substrate, improving reactor life, and more importantly, extending reactor run length.
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Providing a secured-access, members' only interactive web-based non-downloadable software used to predict multilayer film properties; providing training and technical consulting services relating to an interactive web-based software model used to predict multilayer film properties
57.
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING POLYETHYLENE CONTAINING RECYCLED NON-POLAR POLYMERIC MATERIAL
Disclosed herein are processes for producing blends of recycled polymeric material and virgin polyethylene. Post-consumer recycled plastic (PCR) can vary widely with respect to composition which includes mixtures of variable amounts of different polar and non-polar polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, and polyamide. Mixing PCR and virgin polyethylene is inconsistent, partially due to variability, and frequently results in a final product with poor mechanical and optical properties. The process described herein of adding PCR to a solution polymerization process provides another option for blending PCR and virgin polyethylene that offers an ability to exert greater control on the properties of the final product, independent of the composition of the PCR.
Disclosed herein are the design and construction methods for a specialized structure, or "cabinet", to house compressed gas cylinders such that they may be kept within an ordinary building.
A62C 3/06 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
A method of converting one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes that includes providing a first stream containing one or more alkanes and oxygen to an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor; converting at least a portion of the one or more alkanes to one or more alkenes in the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor to provide a second stream exiting the oxidative dehydrogenation reactor containing one or more alkanes, one or more alkenes, and one or more of oxygen, carbon monoxide and acetylene; and providing the second stream to a second reactor containing a catalyst that includes CuO and ZnO and reacting the second stream to provide a third stream exiting the second reactor containing one or more alkanes, one or more alkenes, and lower or undetectable levels of oxygen and acetylene compared to the second stream.
C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
60.
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING POLYETHYLENE CONTAINING RECYCLED POLYMERIC MATERIAL
Disclosed herein are polymerization processes where recycled polymeric material is fed to polymerization process to produce a blend of virgin polymer with recycled polymeric content.
An interpolymer product comprising: a first ethylene interpolymer comprising ethylene and an a-olefin having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of greater than 250,000 and a density of less than 0.930 g/cm3, and a second ethylene interpolymer comprising ethylene and an a-olefin wherein the second ethylene interpolymer comprises a Mw of less than 70,000 and a density of greater than 0.930 g/cm3; and wherein the interpolymer product comprises an environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR), measured according to ASTM D1693, Condition B, 10% IGEPAL CO-630, of greater than 90 hours. The interpolymer product may be manufactured in a continuous solution polymerization process utilizing at least two reactors employing at least one single site catalyst formulation and at least one heterogeneous catalyst formulation.
A Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene (BOPE) process uses a selected polyethylene having a medium density and a very broad molecular weight distribution. The use of this selected polyethylene facilitates stretching in the BOPE process in comparison to previously used polyethylene resins having a higher density and / or a narrower molecular weight distribution.
Polyethylene blends made from recycled polyethylene and a bimodal polyethylene composition are disclosed. The polyethylene blends are suitable for compression molding or injection molding applications and are particularly useful in the manufacture of caps and closures for bottles.
A system and method for converting carbon dioxide into products by contacting the carbon dioxide with catalyst in the presence of hydrogen in a reactor.
C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
65.
CONTROL OF UNSATURATION IN POLYMERS PRODUCED IN SOLUTION PROCESS
The copolymerization of ethylene with an optional comonomer is conducted in the presence of a catalyst having a specific aryloxy ether ligand structure. The process enables very high conversions of ethylene to polyethylene at very short residence times when conducted under conditions of pressures of at least 10.3 MPa and high ethylene feed concentrations of from 70 to 150 grams per liter. Using these polymerization conditions, the level of unsaturation may be controlled by the polymerization temperature: for example, a level of 0.09 vinyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms was observed at a polymerization temperature of 160°C and a level of 0.22 vinyls per 1000 carbon atoms was observed at 220°C.
Rotomolded articles, especially flexible rotomolded articles are made from an ethylene interpolymer product having a melt index, 12 of from 2.5 to 8.0 g/10min, a density of from 0.905 to 0.920 g/cm3; and a Dilution Index, Yd, greater than 0. The ethylene interpolymer product comprises: (I) a first ethylene interpolymer; (11) a second ethylene interpolymer, and; (III) optionally a third ethylene interpolymer.
B29C 39/04 - Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds
C08F 4/16 - Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
A system and method for oxidative dehydrogenation including a first reactor having a first ODH catalyst to dehydrogenate an alkane to a corresponding alkene at a first temperature and facilitate generation of steam, a second reactor having a second ODH catalyst to dehydrogenate alkane in a first-reactor effluent to the corresponding alkene at a second temperature that may be greater than the first temperature and facilitate generation of steam, and a third reactor having a third ODH catalyst to dehydrogenate alkane in a second-reactor effluent to the corresponding alkene at a third temperature that may be greater than the first temperature or the second temperature and facilitate generation of steam.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
In some embodiments a Stand Up Pouch (SUP) is prepared using a polyethylene structure having a first web and a second web. The webs are laminated together to form the polyethylene structure that is used to prepare the SUP. One web contains a layer of recycled polyethylene (r.PE). In some instances, the use of r.PE has been observed to reduce the effectiveness of the sealant layer of the overall structure. In some embodiments, the SUP disclosed herein has a two layer sealant system to mitigate this problem.
B32B 7/02 - Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, and iron; oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, and aluminum; and oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, iron, and aluminum.
B01J 37/10 - Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A system and method for coproduction in the production of ethylene, including contacting ethane with an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) catalyst in presence of oxygen in a first reactor to dehydrogenate ethane to ethylene, and contacting a first-reactor effluent with an ODH catalyst in a second reactor to form ethanol and acetaldehyde.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 29/04 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C07C 45/28 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of —CHx-moieties
C07C 51/215 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Providing a secured-access, members' only interactive web-based software model used to predict multilayer film properties; Providing training and technical consulting services relating to an interactive web-based software model used to predict multilayer film properties.
The use of a flow conditioner improves the performance of an electromagnetic system to detect metal contamination in a polymer stream at high flow rates.
A method of safely mixing a hydrocarbon with an oxidant is provided. The hydrocarbon and oxidant are saturated with a non-flammable liquid in pre-mix zones that are flooded with the non-flammable liquid and fluidly connected to a common mixing zone that is partially flooded with the non-flammable liquid. The saturated hydrocarbon and oxidant combine within the common mixing zone forming bubbles of a homogeneous gas mixture of hydrocarbon and oxidant, preferably in a ratio of hydrocarbon to oxidant that is outside of the flammability limit, that can exit the non-flammable liquid into a headspace where it can be retrieved for use in an oxidative reaction process such as oxidative dehydrogenation.
An ethylene copolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.855 to 0.913 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 1.7 to 2.3, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.1 to 20 g/10min; a second ethylene copolymer having a density of from 0.875 to 0.936 g/cm3, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 2.3 to 6.0, and a melt index, 12 of from 0.3 to 100 g/10min; and optionally a third ethylene copolymer; where the first ethylene copolymer has more short chain branches per thousand carbon atoms than the second ethylene copolymer and the density of the second ethylene copolymer is equal to or higher than the density of the first ethylene copolymer. The ethylene copolymer composition has a density of from 0.865 to 0.913 g/cm3; a melt index, 12 of from 0.5 to 10 g/10min; and a fraction eluting at from 90 to 105°C, having an integrated area of greater than 4 weight percent in a CTREF analysis; and at least 0.0015 parts per million (ppm) of hafnium. Blown film made from the ethylene copolymer composition has a hot tack window (HTW) of at least 45°C (at a film thickness of about 2 mil) and a seal initiation temperature (SIT) of less than 95°C (at a film thickness of about 2 mil).
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
76.
ROTOMOLDED PARTS PREPARED FROM BIMODAL POLYETHYLENE
A dual reactor solution process gives high density polyethylene compositions containing a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer and which have good processability, toughness, and environmental stress crack resistance. The polyethylene compositions are suitable for the preparation of rotomolded parts.
The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane comprises contacting a mixture of ethane and oxygen in an ODH reactor with an ODH catalyst under conditions that promote oxidation of ethane into ethylene. Conditions within the reactor are controlled by the operator and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as 5 temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Conditions will vary and can be optimized for a specific catalyst, or whether an inert diluent is used in the mixing of the reactants. Disclosed herein is a catalyst consisting of: Mo0-1W0.3-1V0.2-0.4Te0.06-0.10Fe0.0-0.10Nb0.08-0.18Ox where X is determined by the valance of the metals.
B01J 37/10 - Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
A polyethylene composition having a high flow index and a bimodal composition provides an outstanding combination of environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) and ductility in rotomolded articles. The composition is easy to process/mold.
Large volumes of recycled polyethylenes are available for reuse. It would be desirable to prepare films from recycled polyethylene, however, the technical demands for many types of films can make this very difficult. Provided herein are films, for example, stretch films; shrink films; films for vacuum packages and films for dunnage packaging, that may be prepared from a blend of recycled polyethylene with "virgin" polyethylene.
A phosphinimide catalyst system comprises: i) a phosphinimide pre-polymerization catalyst having a cyclopentadienyl ligand and a phosphinimide ligand which is substituted with a guanidinate type group and ii) a catalyst activator. The catalyst system polymerizes ethylene with an alpha-olefin to give high molecular weight ethylene copolymer.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
A phosphinimide catalyst system comprises: i) a phosphinimide pre- polymerization catalyst having two phosphinimide ligands, at least one of which is substituted by a phosphinimide moiety and ii) a catalyst activator. The catalyst system polymerizes ethylene with an alpha-olefin to give high molecular weight ethylene copolymer.
A one pot synthetic method for making a bridged cyclopentadienyl/fluorenyl type ligand and the corresponding ansa metallocene polymerization catalyst. In a key step, a cyclopentadienide/fluorenide dianion is prepared by combining a fluorene compound, a fulvene compound, and at least 2 molar equivalents of KN(SiMe3)2 in any order in the presence of an ether solvent under ambient conditions. Reaction of the cyclopentadienide/fluorenide dianion with a Group IV transition metal chloride, followed by alkylation gives a metallocene polymerization catalyst in good yields.
The present invention is a method to treat an external layer on a steel or stainless steel substrate. More particularly the disclosure provides a method to increase the amount of manganochromite spinel (Cr2MnO4) in the outer most surface of a steel or a stainless steel. The present disclosure seeks to provide a process to prepare a treatment of an external surface on a steel or stainless steel substrate by subjecting the surface to an atmosphere of steam and air or synthetic air (a combination of oxygen and other inert gases such as nitrogen or argon) while subjecting the substrate to a static electrical charge from + 7.0 to +14.0 kV. The present disclosure also seeks to provide the coated substrate.
A method is presented of thermal decomposition to crack ethane and/or higher alkane hydrocarbon feed or the mixture of any of these hydrocarbons to break down into component elements or simpler constituents using heat from a hot metal agent from a chemical looping combustion process.
C10G 9/30 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid material according to the "moving bed" technique
C10G 11/16 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "moving bed" technique
In chemical processes for cracking hydrocarbons, reactors are subject to coking. This results in carburization of the metal substrate for the reactor leading to a reduced reactor life. If the reactor is subject to a decoke process, followed by a steam scour and nitrogenating there is a reduced tendency to carburization of the metal substrate improving the reactor life.
A dual reactor solution polymerization process gives polyethylene compositions containing a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer and which has a balance of barrier properties, toughness and environmental resistance. The polyethylene compositions are suitable for end use applications which may benefit from low oxygen transmission rates such as closures for bottles or barrier film.
This disclosure relates to ethylene interpolymer product having intermediate branching. Intermediate branching was defined as branching that was longer than the branch length due to comonomer and shorter than the entanglement molecular weight (Me). Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were produced in a continuous solution polymerization process employing an intermediate branching catalyst formulation. Intermediately branched ethylene interpolymer products were characterized by a Non-Comonomer Index Distribution (NCIDi), a melt index from 0.3 to 500 dg/minute, a density from 0.858 to 0.965 g/cm3, a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) from about 2 to about 25 and a CDBI50 from about 10% to about 98%. A method based on triple detection cross fractionation chromatography (3D-CFC) was disclosed to measure NCIDi.
A process, a system, and an apparatus are provided for converting a lower alkane to an alkene. Oxygen and a lower alkane are provided to an ODH reactor. At least a portion of the lower alkane is converted to an alkene and an ODH stream comprising the alkene, an oxygenate, water, and carbon monoxide is produced. The ODH stream is provided to a water gas shift/hydrogenation (WGS/H) reactor including a WGS/H catalyst. The ODH stream is reacted within the WGS/H reactor and hydrogen and carbon dioxide are generated from the carbon monoxide and water. At least a portion of the oxygenate and hydrogen are converted to an alcohol. Additionally, the alcohol may be dehydrated to form additional alkene and water.
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 29/147 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
Multilayer films are prepared from an ethylene interpolymer product having a density of from 0.905 to 0.914 g/cc and a melt index, I2, of from 2.5 to 4.5 g/10 minutes, wherein the ethylene interpolymer product comprises: (i) a first ethylene interpolymer; (ii) a second ethylene interpolymer, and; (iii) optionally a third ethylene interpolymer; and wherein the ethylene interpolymer product has a Dilution Index, Yd, of greater than 0 degrees. In an embodiment, the first ethylene interpolymer is made with a single site catalyst and the second ethylene interpolymer is made with a heterogeneous Ziegler Natta catalyst. This ethylene interpolymer product is used in the preparation of multilayer films, especially: A) a film having from 3 to 15 layers, wherein the film has a two layer seal structure in which the primary seal layer is prepared with this ethylene interpolymer product; B) a multilayer stretch wrap film having from 3 to 15 layers wherein at least one layer is prepared with this ethylene interpolymer product.
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
A dual reactor solution polymerization process gives high density polyethylene compositions containing a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer. The polyethylene compositions can be used in the manufacture of injection molded closures or cast film having good barrier properties.
A dual reactor solution polymerization process gives high density polyethylene compositions containing a first ethylene copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer. The polyethylene compositions can be used in the manufacture of injection molded closures or cast film having good barrier properties.
A polyethylene homopolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene homopolymer having a density, d1 of from 0.943 to 0.975 g/cm3, a melt index, l21 of from 0.01 to 10 g/10min, and a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of less than 3.0; and a second ethylene homopolymer having a density, d2 of from 0.950 to 0.985 g/cm3, a melt index, l22 of at least 500 g/10min, and a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of less than 3.0; wherein the ratio of the melt index, l22 of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index, l21 of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 50. The polyethylene homopolymer compositions which may be nucleated have a weight average molecular weight, Mw of <= 75,000, a high load melt index, l21 of at least 200 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of from 4.0 to 12.0 and may be usefully employed in molding applications, such as, for example, in compression molded closures.
A polyethylene homopolymer composition comprises: a first ethylene homopolymer having a density, d1 of from 0.930 to 0.975 g/cm3, a melt index, I2 1 of from 0.01 to 10 g/10min, and a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of less than 2.5; and a second ethylene homopolymer having a density, d2 of from 0.945 to 0.980 g/cm3, a melt index, I2 2 of at least 1.0 g/10min, and a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of less than 2.5; wherein melt index, I2 2 of the second ethylene homopolymer is greater than the melt index, I2 1 of the first ethylene homopolymer. The polyethylene homopolymer compositions which may be nucleated have a weight average molecular weight, Mw of 5 75,000, a molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn of less than 4.0 and may be usefully employed in molding applications, such as, for example, in compression molded closures.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes employs a catalyst, usually a mixed metal oxide, to convert, in the presence of oxygen, a lower alkane into its corresponding alkene. Continuous operation of an oxidative dehydrogenation process may result in a gradual decrease of catalyst activity and or selection, requiring downtime for regeneration. Provided herein is a process for regeneration of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst including initiating regeneration by passing a regeneration gas over the catalyst, monitoring regeneration by comparing the oxygen concentration of the regeneration gas before and after being passed over the catalyst, and ceasing regeneration when the oxygen concentration of the regeneration gas after passed over the catalyst is at least 90% of the concentration of the regeneration gas before being passed over the catalyst.Oxidative Dehydrogenation Catalyst Regeneration and Integration with an Air Separation Unit
Barrier films are prepared from a composition comprising 1) a blend of two high density polyethylene HDPE blend components, 2) zinc glycerolate and 3) a dispersion aid/synergist. The two high density polyethylene blend components have substantially different melt indices. It is difficult to properly mix the zinc glycerolate into this HDPE blend. The use of the dispersion aid/synergist improves the water vapor transmission rate (M/TR) of polyethylene film (in comparison to barrier films made with zinc glycerolate, in the absence of the dispersion aid/synergist). The resulting barrier films are suitable for the preparation of packaging for dry foods such as crackers and breakfast cereals.
Oxidative dehydrogenation is an alternative to the energy intensive steam cracking process presently used for the production of olefins from paraffins, but has not been implemented commercially partially due to the unstable nature of hydrocarbon/oxygen mixtures, and partially due to the cost involved in the construction of new facilities. A process to remove residual oxygen from the last of a series of oxidative dehydrogenation reactors by adding a mixture of alcohol and steam is herein provided.
C07C 5/50 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with an organic compound as an acceptor
The copolymerization of ethylene with a cyclic mono olefin (such as norbornene) is conducted in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a bridged hafnocene catalyst and a three part activator. The catalyst system provides excellent activity at high polymerization temperatures. Copolymers produced according to this invention have unique microstructure (with methyl branching being observed) and unique rheology.
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 232/08 - Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having condensed rings
98.
OXYGENATE SEPARATION FOLLOWING DEHYDROGENATION OF A LOWER ALKANE
A process, a system, and an apparatus are provided for converting a lower alkane to an alkene. Oxygen and the lower alkane are provided to an ODH reactor to convert at least a portion of the lower alkane to an alkene. An ODH stream comprising the alkene, an oxygenate, steam, and a carbon-based oxide is produced. The bulk of the oxygenate is removed from the ODH outlet stream by non-dilutive cooling, with residual oxygenate being removed using dilutive quenching with a carbonate. Subsequently, separation of the carbon-based oxide from the alkene is achieved using a caustic tower, which also produces spent caustic in the form of a carbonate, which is then used as the carbonate for dilutive quenching. Dilutive quenching using a carbonate allows conversion of the oxygenate to an acetate, which can then be used to simplify separation of the oxygenate from water.
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
C07C 51/42 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
A process, a system, and an apparatus for separation of an oxygenate from a stream is provided. More specifically, a stream comprising the oxygenate is introduced to a quench tower along with a caustic outlet stream comprising a metal salt. Contact between the oxygenate and the metal salt results in conversion of a portion of the oxygenate into a derivative salt. The derivative salt and unconverted oxygenate are condensed by quenching and substantially removed from the quench tower as an oxygenate outlet stream. The gaseous components of the stream, minus a substantial portion of the oxygenate, are removed from the quench tower as a quench outlet stream.
C07C 51/41 - Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
100.
DOUBLE PEROXIDE TREATMENT OF OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST
Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts comprising MoVNbTeO having improved consistency of composition and a 25% conversion of ethylene at less than 420°C and a selectivity to ethylene above 95% are prepared by treating the catalyst precursor with H2O2 in an amount equivalent to 0.30 ¨ 2.8 mL H2O2 of a 30% solution per gram of catalyst precursor prior to calcining and treating the resulting catalyst with the equivalent amount of peroxide after calcining.-++
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
