Abstract

The invention concerns an optimization method for a pressure swing adsorption process for separating CO2 from a feed gas by adapting the ratio of rinse steam to purge steam at a fixed amount of total steam.

Abstract

The invention is in the field of recycling plastic waste. In particular, the invention is directed to a method separate polyolefins from plastic waste based on a dissolution/precipitation approach. The method according to the present invention may be used to separate polyolefins with a high selectivity by using at least a first and a second cooling surface. The invention is particularly suitable to at least partially separate LLDPE and LDPE or polypropylene and polyethylene from plastic waste.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 11/08 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components

Abstract

The present invention concerns an improved process for a process for the treatment of biomass, comprising (a) subjecting biomass to hydrothermal treatment in a hydrothermal reactor by immersing the biomass in a treatment liquid, wherein an effluent drained from step (b) or (c) is used as treatment liquid; (b) draining the liquid from the reactor via a liquid outlet to obtain a liquor and simultaneously or subsequently introducing another washing liquid into the reactor, wherein the washing liquid is pre-heated to a temperature 30 °C below operational temperature of step (a) or higher before being introduced into the reactor, (c) draining the reactor to obtain washed hydrothermally treated biomass and an effluent, wherein at least one of step (a) and (b) is performed at a temperature in the range of 100 - 250 °C. The invention further concerns a solid fuel and a liquor obtained by the process according to the invention, as well as a hydrothermal treatment facility to operate the process according to the invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining

Abstract

The invention provides the use of a clearing gas in the separation of a mixture comprising a light and a heavy component that are difficult to separate. The invention further concerns a process for such a separation, comprising (a) providing a product mixture containing at least a light component and a heavy component, wherein a binary system of the light component and the heavy component has a Henry's law constant of at least 0.001 mol m-3 Pa-1, and the boiling point of the light component is at least 30 °C higher than the boiling point of the heavy component, determined at ambient pressure; (b) subjecting the product mixture to a distillation step, wherein the product mixture is heated in a distillation column to a distillation temperature at a distillation pressure; (c) feeding a clearing gas at a location below the feed point of the product mixture; (d) collecting at the top of the distillation column a product gas containing the light component and the clearing gas; (e) collecting at the bottom of the distillation column a product liquid containing the heavy component.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation
• B01D 3/34 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
• C07C 41/42 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of physical state, e.g. by crystallisation by distillation
• C07C 41/58 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives

Abstract

The invention is directed to a thermochemical system such as a thermochemical heat battery that can efficiently operate at relative low temperatures. Accordingly, a system for thermochemical storage is provided which system comprises a thermochemical reactor and a water condenser for dehumidifying a gas stream comprising a condensing surface provided with a hygroscopic material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25B 15/06 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
• F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or

Abstract

The invention relates to an Entangled photons distribution and measurement system comprising: a photon source comprising two outputs, able to generate a pair of entangled photons, the first photon being emitted on the first output and the second photon on the second output, a first optical link connected to the first output of the photons source, to deliver the entangled photons to a first device, an optical switch to route photons from the second output of the photons source to the first or second output of the optical switch, a second optical link connected to the first output of the optical switch, to deliver the entangled photons to a second device, a measurement device connected to the second output of the optical switch, wherein the optical switch is configured to switch between its first and second output to switch between two operating modes.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/08 - Key distribution

Abstract

A system (100) for investigating a membrane (T) comprises with a sealing chamber (10) containing a liquid container. The liquid container (11) is configured to hold a liquid medium (M1) in open communication with a controlled atmosphere (10a) inside the sealing chamber (10). A flow cell (30) is disposed outside the sealing chamber (10) and comprises flow channels (31,32) separated by the tissue. A set of liquid ducts (L13,L31) is connected to one of the flow channels (31) and configured to carry the liquid medium (M1) from the liquid container (11), through a barrier (10b,10t) of the sealing chamber (10) to an entrance of the flow channel (31) into the flow cell (30), and carry at least part of the liquid medium (M1') exiting the flow channel (31) from the flow cell (30) back into the liquid container (11).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01L 1/02 - Air-pressure chambers; Air-locks therefor
• B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
• C12M 1/12 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with sterilisation, filtration, or dialysis means
• C12M 1/34 - Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
• C12M 3/06 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus with filtration, ultrafiltration, inverse osmosis or dialysis means

Abstract

The present invention concerns a sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) process for the formation of a CO2 product stream and an H2 product stream, comprising (a) a reaction step, wherein a feed gas comprising COx, wherein x = 1 ? 2, and H2O is fed into a SEWGS reactor containing a catalyst and sorbent material capable of adsorbing CO2, thereby forming the H2 product stream and a sorbent material loaded with CO2; (b) a rinse step, wherein steam is fed to the SEWGS reactor, thereby establishing a pressure in the range of 5 ? 50 bar; (c) a pre-blowdown step, wherein the pressure in the SEWGS reactor is reduced to establish a blowdown pressure in the range of 0.5 ? 1.5 times the partial pressure of CO and CO2 in the feed gas of step (a); (d) a blowdown step, wherein the pressure in the SEWGS reactor is reduced to the regeneration pressure in the range of 1 ? 5 bar, thereby releasing at least part of the CO2 from the loaded sorbent material, thereby forming the CO2 product stream; and (e) a purge step, wherein steam is fed to the SEWGS reactor, thereby releasing further CO2 molecules from the SEWGS reactor, wherein the off gas released from the reactor during step (c) is collected separately from the CO2 product stream released from the reactor during step (d). The separate collection of the off gas of pre-blowdown step (c) affords a highly efficient process with excellent CO2 purity and carbon capture ratio.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids

Abstract

The present invention concerns a process for the separation of a gas mixture containing CO2 and at least one inert gaseous species, comprising (a) feeding the gas mixture into an adsorption column via a first inlet located at a first side of the column, wherein the adsorption column contains a solid CO2 sorbent loaded with H2O molecules and thereby desorbing H2O molecules and adsorbing CO2 molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with CO2 and an inert product stream; and then (b) feeding a stripping gas comprising H2O into the adsorption column via a second inlet located at a second side which is opposite to the first inlet, thereby stripping the sorbent and desorbing CO2 molecules and adsorbing H2O molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with H2O and the CO2 product stream, wherein the adsorption column is re-used in step (a) after being stripped in step (b). The invention also concerns an apparatus for performing the process according to the invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• C01B 3/00 - Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for molten metal pyrolysis of a feed comprising hydrocarbons and nitrogen and/or hydrogen sulphide to produce solid carbon and one or more of liquid sulfur, hydrogen gas and ammonia gas. The molten salt layer contains two reaction zones of different temperatures, a high temperature zone for pyrolysing the hydrocarbon and a low temperature zone for pyrolysing the hydrogen sulphide and/.or forming the ammonia. Liquid salt is used to separate produced solid carbon and optionally the produced liquid sulphur from the molten metal and to facilitate isolation of produced carbon. The invention further relates to a reactor for performing the method according to the invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids

Abstract

An electromagnetic actuator (1) is disclosed herein comprising a soft- ferromagnetic yoke (10), with an at least substantially cylindrical circumferential wall (11; 11a, 11b, 11c) covered at a first end with a base (12) and at a second end with a top (13), the circumferential wall (11) defining an axis (14) in a direction (14') from said base end to said top. An intermediate yoke section (10b) holds a permanent magnet fixed (20) that leaves an inner space housing an axially movable core element (17) being flexibly restrained with at least one resilient element (18, 19). One of a base yoke section (10a) and/or a top yoke section (10c) houses an electromagnetic coil (16).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01F 7/06 - Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets

Abstract

The present invention concerns a multifunctional catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into useful products, such as CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction. The catalyst according to the invention efficiently combined a water sorption functionality with at least one catalytic functionality into a single particle, by having a solid water sorbent impregnated with at least one metal capable of converting CO2 from a gaseous mixture comprising H2 and CO2. The catalyst according to the invention allows for higher selectivity in the conversion of CO2, at more lenient conditions in terms of temperature and pressure, and improved stability of the catalyst itself. The invention also concerns a process for converting CO2, utilizing the catalyst and the use of the catalyst in the conversion of CO2.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/06 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
• B01J 29/08 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
• B01J 29/10 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
• B01J 29/12 - Noble metals
• B01J 29/14 - Iron group metals or copper
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
• B01J 29/72 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
• B01J 29/74 - Noble metals
• B01J 29/76 - Iron group metals or copper
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
• C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
• C07C 29/153 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
• C07C 41/09 - Preparation of ethers by dehydration of compounds containing hydroxy groups
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to a nucleic acid detection system, a diagnostic device, use of the nucleic acid detection system as a diagnostic agent, a kit-of-parts for detecting nucleic acids, a method for detecting nucleic acids, and a method for diagnosing a disease state of a subject. The nucleic acid detection system comprises a CRISPR-Cas system which comprises an effector protein and one or more guide RNAs having a guide sequence, the guide sequence being capable of targeting the effector protein to a target sequence of a target, and the effector protein exhibiting target-activated nucleic acid cleavage activity capable of cleaving nucleic acid reporter molecules to generate nucleic acid fragments; and a polymerase exhibiting catalytic activity capable of transferring nucleotides to the fragments to form polynucleotide tails, wherein preferably the detection system is a nucleic acid fluorescence detection system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12Q 1/6804 - Nucleic acid analysis using immunogens
• C12Q 1/6816 - Hybridisation assays characterised by the detection means

Abstract

In an aspect of the invention there is provided a blast protection panel, comprising a package of fibre-reinforced resin sheets, each sheet having a dominant unidirectional fibre orientation, said package of fibre-reinforced resin sheets formed in packed stacks, each stack comprising at least four fibre-reinforced resin sheets with dominant unidirectional fibres oriented, within said each stack, alternatingly at about right angles relative to each other; and said each stack packed against adjacent stacks, said adjacent stacks comprising sheets with dominant unidirectional fibres oriented at acute angles relative said each stack thereby forming a delamination interface.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 5/04 - Plate construction composed of more than one layer

Abstract

In an aspect of the invention there is provided a plasma thruster device comprising: an electrically insulating substrate, said substrate comprising one or more feed channels for feeding an electrically conductive liquid to a bridge structure; said substrate further provided with electrical terminals; said bridge structure configured to form, when provided with the electrically conductive liquid, an electrical conducting bridge; said bridge structure configured to form contact areas in electrical contact with said electrical terminals, said bridge structure thereby connecting the contact areas, said bridge structure arranged for forming a plasma of said electrically conductive liquid, when the electrically conductive liquid is ionized by a current peak flow circuit that contacts the contact areas via said electrical terminals.

IPC Classes  ?

• F03H 1/00 - Use of plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust

Abstract

The present invention concerns a reactor and a process for the hydrothermal treatment of an aqueous mixture, such as watery biomass. The reactor according to the invention comprises (31) an inlet for receiving the aqueous mixture, (32) a tube-shaped reactor interior, which is inclined at an angle in the range of 1 45°; (33) a first zone in the reactor interior (32) comprising means (5) for heating the aqueous mixture; (34) a second zone in the reactor interior (32) for keeping the aqueous mixture at the predetermined temperature; (35) a third zone in the reactor interior (32) for cooling the aqueous mixture; (38) an outlet for discharging a hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture, and (43) an outlet for discharging gas, wherein inlet (31) and outlet (43) are positioned at the top part of the reactor and outlet (38) at the bottom part of the reactor. The inclined nature of the reactor ensures that all gases are efficiently removed from the liquid effluent, and the CO2 formed during the process is used to improved efficacy of the hydrothermal treatment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• C02F 11/13 - Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases

Abstract

The invention is directed to a method for the preparation of an energetic material product such as a propellant or explosive charge or grain, wherein said method comprises additive manufacturing comprising co-extrusion of at least two materials to form a multi-layered filament and layer-by-layer deposition of said multi-layered filament, wherein said multi-layered filament comprises a first material layer and a second material layer of which at least one comprises an energetic material. In another aspect, the invention is directed to an apparatus for use in this method, said apparatus comprising a co-extrusion nozzle

IPC Classes  ?

• C06B 21/00 - Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
• B29C 64/10 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/209 - Heads; Nozzles
• C06B 45/12 - Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component or product having contiguous layers or zones

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for molten metal pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen gas and carbon. Liquid salt is used to separate produced carbon from the molten metal and to facilitate isolation of produced carbon.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
• C01B 32/00 - Carbon; Compounds thereof
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids

Abstract

The present invention concerns a device and process for capturing CO 2 from air. The device comprises (a) a membrane at least partly permeable for air comprising a solid state CO 2 sorbent; (b) at least one sorption chamber;(c) at least one regeneration chamber;(d) means for transporting the membrane from the sorption chamber to the regeneration chamber and back;(e) an inlet for receiving air located on one end of the membrane and an outlet for discharging air depleted in CO 2 located on the other end of the membrane in the sorption chamber, wherein the device is configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the outlet through the membrane;(f) means for flowing stripping gas through the membrane into the regeneration chamber;(g) at least one outlet for discharging CO 2, located in the regeneration chamber; and(h) heating means for heating the regeneration chamber.The device according to the invention provides an efficient and low-cost solution for capturing CO 2 directly from air.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/06 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents

Abstract

Inner explosion resistant membrane door for a marine vessel An inner membrane door (31) for a marine vessel comprises a first plate (32) with an opening (34) enclosed by a peripheral edge; a door connected to this first plate by a hinge construction; the door sealingly co-acting with said peripheral edge (33). The peripheral edge comprises a plate part (51) having a wave shape with at least one wave. The door (37) comprising a second plate or door leaf (45) of stainless steel, in particular of 316L, which second plate or door leaf is received in a framework (46) which co-acts sealingly with the peripheral edge in a closed position. The peripheral edge is deformable under the influence of an air pressure load acting on the membrane door in the closed position such that at least the door can be pressed out of the main plane it occupies when at rest while maintaining the co-action between the framework and the peripheral edge, and while providing mechanical integrity and fracture resistance to the inner membrane door for a marine vessel

IPC Classes  ?

• B63B 43/32 - Arrangements of watertight doors in bulkheads of non-sliding type
• B63B 19/00 - Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a membrane reactor for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, said membrane reactor comprising a reaction compartment (2) comprising a catalyst bed, a permeate compartment (4) and a membrane separating the reaction compartment and the permeate compartment, wherein said permeate compartment comprises a condensing surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C07C 1/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
• C07C 41/01 - Preparation of ethers

Abstract

The invention is directed to a propellant charge for guns, to a combination of a propellant charge and a primer, to a firearms cartridge, and to a method for modifying the surface of a propellant charge. The propellant charge of the invention comprises multiple propellant grains, wherein an exterior part of part of the propellant grains has been subjected to a surface modification treatment comprising the successive steps of - suspending propellant grains in water to prepare a slurry, - adding an organic solvent to the propellant grains before, after and/or during the preparation of the slurry, - mixing the slurry that comprises water and organic solvent for a period of 120 minutes or less, - lowering the concentration of organic solvent, - removing organic solvent, and - drying the propellant grains to remove water; wherein part of the propellant grains has not been subjected to the surface modification treatment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C06B 21/00 - Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying

Abstract

The invention relates to a cementitious powder blend comprising, based on total weight - 45 - 90 wt% Portland cement; pref. 50 - 80 wt% - 0 - 25 wt% siliceous fly ash; pref. 5 - 20 wt% - 0 - 25 wt% limestone; pref. 5 - 20 wt% - 5 - 30 wt % polyvinylalcohol, pref. 5 - 15 wt%. The PVA preferably has - a size distribution with D10 =170-270 µm, D50 =370-450 µm. D90 = 690-850 µm and D100 =1000-1300 µm; and - an ester value in the range of 1-250 mg KOH/g, as determinable by EN-ISO 3681:1998 and/or wherein the polyvinyl alcohol has a viscosity of a 4% aqueous solution at 20°C in the range of 1-40 mPa*s, as determinable by EN-ISO 12058-1:2002. A substantial part of the PVA may be present in the form of hybrid particles composed of Portland cement and the polyvinylalcohol. Further, the invention relates to concrete composed of the cementitious powder blend, water and aggregate as well as flexible concrete products made therefrom. The cementitious powder blend is used for - for the preparation of a paving of a road or other infrastructural element; - for the preparation of a base course for a road or other infrastructural element; - for the manufacture of a floor of a building; - for the repair of a concrete structure; for grouting; or - as an injection into a concrete structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 28/04 - Portland cements

Abstract

The invention is directed to a radiation curable energetic composition, to a method of forming a three-dimensional energetic object, to a three-dimensional energetic object, and to uses of the radiation curable energetic composition. The radiation curable energetic composition of the invention comprises (a) one or more polymerisable components, (b) one or more polymerisation photoinitiators, and (c) one or more energetic components.

IPC Classes  ?

• C06B 45/00 - Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component or product
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
• B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
• C06B 21/00 - Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying

Abstract

The invention is directed to a propellant charge, to a method of preparing a propellant charge, and to uses of the propellant charge. The propellant charge or grain of the invention comprises two or more energetic materials with different linear burn rate, wherein the two or more energetic materials are distributed within the charge or grain such that two perpendicular cross-sections of said propellant charge or grain have at least two linear burn rate gradients in non-parallel directions, wherein said propellant charge or grain is layered with layers having a layer thickness in the range of 1-10 000 µm, wherein, if the propellant charge or grain has a longitudinal axis, at least one of said perpendicular cross-sections is along said longitudinal axis, and wherein said propellant charge or grain further comprises one or more perforations.

IPC Classes  ?

• F42B 5/16 - Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge or powder
• C06B 45/00 - Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component or product
• C06B 45/12 - Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component or product having contiguous layers or zones

Abstract

The invention is in the field of propellants. In particular the invention is directed to a propellant for ammunition, such as medium and large caliber gun ammunition, having improved performance. In accordance with the present invention a propellant charge comprises one or more longitudinally extending, progressive-externally burning grains having a number of perforations passing through the grains in the length direction and having a cross-sectional shape (perpendicular to the grain's length direction) that is elongated.

IPC Classes  ?

• F42B 5/16 - Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge or powder

Abstract

In an aspect of the invention there is provided an integrated circuit initiator device that comprises a circuit substrate provided with an electrical insulating layer; an electrical conducting bridge circuit deposited on the insulating layer; said bridge circuit patterned as contact areas and a bridge structure connecting the contact areas, said bridge structure arranged for forming a plasma when the bridge structure is fused by a initiator circuit that contacts the contact areas; and a polymer layer that is spin-coated on the bridge structure, for forming a flyer that is propelled away from the substrate.

IPC Classes  ?

• F42B 3/13 - Bridge initiators with semiconductive bridge
• F42B 3/198 - Manufacture of electric initiator heads
• F42C 19/08 - Primers; Detonators

Abstract

The invention relates to an armoured object having one or more sides that are at least partially formed of a layered armouring system comprising at least an inner layer and an outer layer (which at least during use- is closer to a strike face than the inner layer), which inner layer is a projectile-resisting layer having an E-modulus of 1 GPa or more, and the outer layer is a projectile-destabilising layer having a lower E-modulus than the projectile-resisting layer, which projectile-destabilising layer has a Hooke number (?.v2 /E) of at least 1.0 at a velocity (v) of 800 m/sec.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 5/04 - Plate construction composed of more than one layer
• B32B 7/022 - Mechanical properties
• F41H 5/007 - Reactive armour; Dynamic armour

Abstract

The invention pertains to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds. In particular the invention is directed to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds which may be used in the production of compounds that are used to stabilize nitrocellulose. The method of the invention comprises preparing a carbamate or urea derivative comprising reacting an amine and a carbonate or carbamate in the presence of an ionic liquid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 269/04 - Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
• C07C 273/18 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas

Abstract

A process for altering the composition of a feed gas containing H2S equivalents is disclosed, wherein said feed gas comprises CO2 and H2S equivalents, wherein the molar ratio of H20 to H2S equivalents is in the range of 0 ¨ (5 + X), wherein X is a factor that takes into account the consumption of H20 during conversion of an equivalent of H2S to H2S. The process comprises (a) contacting the feed gas with a solid adsorbent at a temperature of 250 ¨ 500 C, to obtain a loaded adsorbent, (b) purging the loaded adsorbent with a purge gas comprising steam, thus producing a product stream which typically contains substantially equal levels of CO2 and H2S. The process further comprises a step (c) of regenerating the purged adsorbent by removal of water. The adsorbent comprises alumina and one or more alkali metals.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• C01B 17/04 - Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides

Abstract

The invention pertains to a method of spatially resolved detection of a gas substance in an area, comprising: imaging the area on a first image sensor, in a wavelength spectrum including an absorption wavelength peak corresponding to said gas substance; imaging the area on a second image sensor, to provide for each pixel of the first image a corresponding pixel of the second image for respective on- and off-peak wavelengths relative to the absorption wavelength; and providing a difference image as a function of the two pixel values of first and second image sensors to produce an image of the spatially resolved absorption wavelength corresponding to said gas substance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01J 3/36 - Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
• G01N 21/3504 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
• G01J 3/42 - Absorption spectrometry; Double-beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
• G01J 3/447 - Polarisation spectrometry
• G01J 3/453 - Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes

Abstract

The invention is directed to a bitumen composition, to a paving, to a roofing, to a method for preparing a bitumen composition, to a method for increasing the stiffness of a bitumen composition, to a method of adjusting the physical properties of a bitumen composition, and to the use of a bitumen composition. The bitumen composition of the invention comprises a lignin compound or derivative thereof, wherein 10 wt.% or more by weight of said lignin compound or derivative thereof is molecularly dissolved in said bitumen composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
• C04B 24/34 - Natural resins, e.g. rosin
• C04B 26/26 - Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• C08L 97/00 - Compositions of lignin-containing materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of evaluating intelligibility of a degraded speech signal received from an audio transmission system conveying a reference speech signal. The method comprises sampling said signals into reference and degraded signal frames, and forming frame pairs by associating reference and degraded signal frames with each other. For each frame pair a difference function representing disturbance is provided, which is then compensated for specific disturbance types for providing a disturbance density function. Based on the density function of a plurality of frame pairs, an overall quality parameter is determined. The method provides for compensating the overall quality parameter for the effect that the assessment of intelligibility of CVC words is dominated by the intelligibility of consonants.

IPC Classes  ?

• G10L 25/69 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups specially adapted for particular use for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals
• G10L 25/21 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being power information

Abstract

A protective wall for use in a structure such as a ship comprises a first and second metal layer, with an armor plate in between and layers of elastomeric material between the armor plate and the first and second metal layer respectively. The first and second metal layer having a higher ductility than the armor plate, the armor plate being mounted between the first and second metal layer in a way that allows the first and second metal layers to stretch relative to armor steel plate at least in response to forces resulting from impact by fragments from an explosion. When an explosion occurs in a space bounded by the protective wall, the first and second metal layer deflect under the pressure pulses due to blasts, stretching relative to the armor plate. The armor plate blocks high speed fragments. The elastomeric material has a double function: it increases the resistance of the armor plate to fragments and it allows for separation of the armor plate from the first and second metal layer, allowing them to stretch.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 5/04 - Plate construction composed of more than one layer
• B32B 15/06 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of rubber

Abstract

The invention is directed to a protective armour element (2), to body armour comprising one or more of such elements, and to a preventive method of reducing behind armour blunt trauma of an individual. The protective armour element (2) of the invention comprises a fabric and/or a fibre based composite, wherein said armour element, prior to impact of a projectile, has a concave strike face.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 1/04 - Protection helmets
• F41H 5/04 - Plate construction composed of more than one layer

Abstract

A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising: - a charge housing; - a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising a) 40-60 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon di - oxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, other carbonates, magnesium oxalate and other oxalates, b) 20-50 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates, c) 1-20 wt. % of carbon or another fuel, d) 1-10 wt. % binder, said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge; - an ignition device for igniting the charge; - a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products - which may have been formed by the charge - in the generated carbon dioxide, and/or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and - an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• C06D 5/06 - Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Abstract

The invention provides a catalyst for the production of hydrogen by steam reforming. The catalyst is a porous catalyst which is based on at least aluminium oxide and preferably magnesium oxide, and further comprises boron and nickel. The porous catalyst comprises pores having an average pore size in the range of 0.1-50 nm. The activity of the catalyst may be further enhanced by addition of a noble metal such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir or Pt. The catalyst can be broadly used in hydrogen production processes, and is especially suitable for reforming using a membrane which is selective for a predetermined reaction product. Such process can be operated at relatively low temperatures of about 450-700 ºC.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/02 - Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 21/00 - Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• B01J 21/10 - Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/03 - Precipitation; Co-precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts

Abstract

A process of producing transition metal-based membranes or other layers on a porous support is provided. The layers are suitable for hydrogen separation, oxygen separation, or protective or decorative purpose sand are produced by pretreating the porous support by coating with a solution of a transition metal salt, drying the seeded support, reducing the transition metal salt to transition metal metal, and electroless plating with a complex of a transition metal (palladium, silver or other)and optionally other metals. The membranes can be tubular with a transition metal layer of 1-10 µm on its outside.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23C 18/31 - Coating with metals
• B01D 63/00 - Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/04 - Tubular membranes
• C23C 18/18 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated

Abstract

Helmet element (1) for, as a component of a helmet which is provided with a helmet shell (7) and a cranium strap (9) for enclosing the user's cranium, providing a connection between said cranium strap and helmet shell, which helmet element comprises a leave springs connected to the helmet shell and the cranium strap. Ends of the leave springs are connected together, leaving an eye between the leave springs. The leaf springs are connected to the helmet shell (13) and the cranium strap (11) respectively. A buffer member (3) may be provided as a spacer in the eye between the leaf springs. The buffer member (3) may be made of foam material.

IPC Classes  ?

• A42B 3/14 - Suspension devices
• A42B 3/12 - Cushioning devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a disinfecting wound dressing for the protection of wounds, such as burn wounds, ulcers and cuts. The process comprises the steps of providing a yarn-based substrate, subjecting a surface of the substrate to a plasma environment, thereby providing non-leaching and biocidal features to the substrate surface by exposing the substrate surface to an antimicrobial active compound reaction.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61L 15/46 - Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
• D06M 10/08 - Organic compounds

Abstract

The invention concerns an illumination system (30) for use in a stereolithography apparatus (1), comprising a planar support supporting a two dimensional array (32) of individually controllable wide-angle light- emitting diodes (LEDs) (34); and a multilens projector array (40, 42) arranged relative to the array, and adapted to project a focussed image of the LEDs onto a work area (16). The multilens projector array is arranged to project light from the LED array having a light emitting edge area image spot size which is smaller than or equal to a light emitting central area image spot size.

IPC Classes  ?

• G03F 7/20 - Exposure; Apparatus therefor
• B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
• B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
• B29C 64/129 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
• B29C 64/264 - Arrangements for irradiation

Abstract

The invention concerns an illumination system (30) for use in a stereolithography apparatus (1), comprising: a planar support (31); a multilens projector array (40) mechanically supported on the planar support 31 over the array 32 on a piano side 46, and having a work surface (451) arranged to receive a resin applying device (60) for applying a resin layer 16, the projector array 40 comprising a stack of optical elements, including a plurality of lenslets (44) adapted to project the LEDs onto the work surface (451), and a two-dimensional array (32) of individually controllable light- emitting diodes (LEDs) (34) arranged between the planar support (31) and the multilens projector (40). According to an aspect, the planar support (31) and the piano side 46 are supported on contact zones (33, 400) arranged over substantially the entire piano side 46; the illumination system thus forming a rigid body 30.

IPC Classes  ?

• G03F 7/20 - Exposure; Apparatus therefor
• B29C 64/129 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
• B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing

Abstract

An illumination system (30), comprising: - a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (34), each LED having at least a first, light-emitting surface (36) and a second surface (37), at least one of the first and the second surface being substantially flat; - a plurality of electrical pathways (56), selectively connected to the respective LEDs, such that each LED can be individually controlled; and -a levelling surface (46, 52), wherein the levelling surface is substantially flat and in levelling contact with the at least one substantially flat surface (37, 36) of each LED, such that a two- dimensional array of LEDs extends in a plane parallel to the levelling surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 64/277 - Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
• B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• B41J 2/45 - Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using light-emitting diode arrays

Abstract

A system and method for layerwise production of a tangible object (5), the system comprising: a construction shape (6) to form a liquid layer to be brought in contact with the tangible object; solidifying means (9) for solidifying a predetermined area of a layer (10) of the liquid (3), so as to obtain a solid layer (14) of the tangible object (5), the solid layer thus having a predetermined shape; separating means (18; 19'; 19") for separating said solid layer from said construction shape; moving means (18) for moving, relative to one another, the construction shape (6) to a predetermined position relative to the tangible object (5), for carrying out a successive such method cycle for solidifying a predetermined area of a successive such liquid layer; the system is arranged to provide a limited volume of liquid adhered to the construction shape to form a liquid layer of limited height that does not contact the tangible object; wherein said moving of said construction shape and said solidifying of said predetermined area are carried out to take place simultaneously.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
• B29C 64/223 - Foils or films, e.g. for transferring layers of building material from one working station to another

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor system comprising a waveguide, which waveguide comprises a grating in at least a part of the waveguide, which waveguide further comprises a coating, the coating comprising a polymer, which polymer comprises a chain, in which chain are present an aromatic group and a chemical group selected from the group of sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, carbonate groups, fluorocarbon groups, siloxane groups, pyridine groups and amide groups.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/02 - Optical fibres with cladding
• G01D 5/353 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
• G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator

Abstract

There is disclosed a method for the catalytic decomposition of N2O in an N2O- and NOx- containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the N2O- and NOx_containing gas is brought into contact with a catalyst, the catalyst contains a zeolite that has been loaded with a first metal chosen from a group of noble metals, wherein the first metal is one or more of ruthenium and platinum, and with a second metal comprising iron, wherein the zeolite is FER and/or BEA, and the loading of the zeolite with the metals is effected by loading the zeolite with the noble metal and the second metal simultaneously.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids

Abstract

Ballistic collar comprising a bellows shaped member (1) which is arranged to surround a human's neck, comprising bellows plies (2,3) being mainly perpendicular to the axis of the collar or of the human's neck. Free standing, the structure stands up around the neck to provide ballistic protection. The structure may be formed by folding a sheet of ballistic rated body armor fabric comprising strong synthetic fibers, e.g. from aromatic polyamide fibers, or ultra high molecular weight polyolefin, e.g. polyethylene polypropylene, fibers. For manufacturing the ballistic collar a plurality of sheets may be piled-up and the whole may be submitted to transformation in a mold (5,6) at a temperature and pressure at which the sheets remain mainly loose from each other. Preferably parts of the collars or bellows shaped members are made, which are assembled afterwards e.g. by stitching, welding etc.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 1/02 - Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
• B64G 6/00 - Space suits

Abstract

A method of modelling a surface of an object by using ultrasonic waves transmitted along the surface comprises the steps of: transmitting the ultrasonic waves along paths along the surface, and determining travel times of the ultrasonic waves along the paths. At least some of the ultrasonic waves exhibit an S0 mode and have a frequency- dependent velocity. This velocity (c) is relatively high for frequencies up to a first bending point (BP1), decreasing relatively rapidly for frequencies between the first bending point (BP1) and a second bending point (BP2), and relatively low for frequencies beyond the second bending point (BP2). The ultrasonic waves have a frequency range which lies at or below the first bending point (BP1).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/04 - Analysing solids
• G01N 29/07 - Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
• G01N 29/34 - Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal

Abstract

A microporous organic-inorganic hybrid membrane based on silica of the invention has an average pore diameter of less than 0.6 nm, and comprises bridging organosilane moieties of the formula .ident.O1.5Si-CHR-SiO1.5.ident. or .ident.O1.5Si-CH(CH3)- SiO1.5.ident.. The membrane can be used in the separation of hydrogen from mixtures comprising hydrogen and CH4, CO2, CO, N2, and the like, and in the separation of water from alcohols having 1-3 carbon atoms, optionally in the presence of an inorganic or organic acid

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• B01D 69/14 - Dynamic membranes
• B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
• C08G 77/50 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
• C08L 83/14 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the catalytic decomposition of N2O in an N2O- and NO x-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst contains a zeolite that has been loaded with a first metal chosen from a group of noble metals consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, and with a second metal chosen from a group of transition metals consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, and in that the loading of the zeolite with these metals is effected by loading the zeolite with the noble metal and the transition metal simultaneously, also relating to a catalyst for this method and to a method for the preparation of said catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 23/42 - Platinum
• B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
• B01J 29/76 - Iron group metals or copper

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid composition comprising polymer chains and particles of an inorganic material in a liquid, an article comprising said liquid composition, a gel obtained from said liquid composition, an article comprising said gel, and the use of said liquid composition. The liquid composition comprises polymer chains and particles of an inorganic material in a liquid, wherein the polymer chains are linked to particles of the inorganic material by means of a functional group that is present in the polymer chains, wherein the polymer used has a lower critical solution temperature in the liquid used, and wherein the liquid composition exhibits thermo-induced gelation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 3/34 - Silicon-containing compounds
• C08L 33/26 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide

Abstract

The invention relates to a waveguide, comprising a grating in at least a part of the waveguide, which waveguide comprises a coating, the coating comprising a polymer, which polymer comprises an aliphatic chain, which aliphatic chain is pro-vided with hydrophilic side-chains. The invention further relates to a sensor system comprising a waveguide according to any one of the preceding 10 claims, a light source, and a photo-detector.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator

Abstract

The invention is directed to a solid, porous material, suitable for generating nitrogen gas, said material having a porosity of 20 to 75 vol.%, and a composition comprising, based on the weight of the material of 60 to 90 wt.% of sodium azide, 0.1 to 20 wt.% of an inert chemical coolant based on at least one inorganic salt having a heat capacity of at least 1400 J/K/kg, 0.1 to 20 wt.% of modifying agent selected from metal oxides and metal carbonates, and a binder, selected from the group consisting of at least one alkali metal silicate, preferably waterglass, or a poly-tetrazole, in an amount of between 3 and 15 wt.%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 21/02 - Preparation of nitrogen
• C06B 23/04 - Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases
• C06D 5/06 - Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for protecting objects (O) against rocket-propelled grenades (G) having a hollow nose cone (4). A netting (5) of knotted and coated superstrong fibres is disposed in front of the object, in such a manner that the nose cone of a rocket caught in the netting will penetrate one of the meshes of the netting and be deformed through strangulation, thereby disabling the detonator. A device to be used with said method comprises a netting of knotted superstrong fibres provided with a flexible coating, formed with a plurality of meshes having a stretched mesh length of maximally about 8 cm.

IPC Classes  ?

• F41H 11/02 - Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile defence installations or systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for armouring a window of an existing object comprising applying a transparent polymer layer to a surface of the window. The layer is usually applied to a surface facing the inside of the object. In particular, the invention may be employed to a conventional glazing of a building or vehicle.

IPC Classes  ?

• E06B 5/10 - Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for other protective purposes

Abstract

A method cycle of a method for layerwise production of a tangible object (5) comprises the steps of: - solidifying a predetermined area of a layer (10) of a liquid (3) when said liquid layer (10) is adjoining a construction shape, so as to obtain a solid layer (14) of the tangible object (5); - separating said solid layer from said construction shape; and - moving, relative to one another, the separated solid layer and the construction shape to a predetermined position relative to one another for carrying out a successive such method cycle, so as to obtain a successive such solid layer adhered to the solid layer. For at least one of said method cycles, said solidifying and said separating are carried out such that solidifying of certain parts of the layer (14) takes place simultaneously with separating of other, already solidified parts of the layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified

Abstract

A system for producing a tangible object. The system has a space which can be filled with a fluid. A reference platform at least partially defines at least one side of the space. The system further has a phase-transformer which can form a layer of the object by selectively transforming the fluid into a solid in a predetermined area of the space. An actuator can separate the layer from the reference platform by moving the layer relative to the reference platform or vice versa. The system has a controller connected with an actuator control output to the actuator and/or with a transformer control output to the phase transformer. The controller can control the production of the object based on a determined value of the force exerted on the reference platform or the solid or of a parameter related to the force.

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified

Abstract

A method of providing access to both a first and a second network (1, 2) comprises the steps of: a terminal (4) requesting (RQ1), via the first network (1), access to the first network while providing a first identification (ID1), the first network verifying the first identification and, if the verification is successful, issuing a second identification (ID2), the terminal (4) requesting (RQ2), via the first network (1), access to the second network (2) while providing the second identification (ID2), an authentication server (112) verifying the second identification and, if the verification is successful, issuing a third identification (ID3), the first network (1) transmitting the third identification (ID 3) to the terminal (4), and the terminal (4) using the third identification (ID3) to obtain access to the second network (2). The first identification (ID1) may be a SIM card identification, the second identification (ID2) may be a network address, while the third identification (ID3) may be constituted by a one-time password.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical system for providing on-axis destructive interference of light received from an object along a predetermined system optical axis. The system comprises a receiving and guiding optical structure and a combining optical structure. The receiving and guiding optical structure is for receiving and guiding at least three beams of light received from said object, the receiving and guiding optical structure arranged to provide a relative optical path difference between the at least three beams; the combining optical structure is for combining the at least three beams. According to the invention, a polarization varying optical structure is arranged between the receiving and guiding optical structure and the combining optical structure, for varying a polarization state of the beams relative to each other in order to provide on-axis destructive interference.

Abstract

A process for treating biomass comprises the provision of a material that contains an amount of residual moisture. The material is heated to a torrefying temperature in a low-oxygen atmosphere in the torrefaction reactor, the material being converted into a torrefied material. The material with the contained residual moisture is essentially fully dried in a drying chamber by evaporation of residual moisture. The torrefaction reactor comprises a torrefying chamber, in which the torrefaction of this dried material is essentially carried out. The material is conveyed through the torrefaction reactor in a transport direction. The drying of the material in the drying chamber is carried out by introducing into it a hot drying gas that flows through the drying chamber in co-current with the material. The torrefaction of the material in the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor is carried out by introducing into it a hot torrefying gas that flows through the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor in counter-current with the material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 7/06 - Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
• F23G 5/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment drying
• F26B 15/00 - Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
• F26B 17/00 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
• F26B 21/00 - Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
• F26B 25/06 - Chambers, containers, or receptacles
• F27B 9/04 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
• F27B 9/12 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
• F27D 13/00 - Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges

Abstract

An amplifier circuit has an amplifier stage (10), comprising an amplifier transistor (104) with a gate coupled to an input (100) of the amplifier stage (10), a source coupled to a reference connection (gnd) and a drain coupled to a positive power supply connection (V+). A bias stage (12) is provided comprising a bias transistor (120), a drain resistance (124) and a source resistance (122), the bias transistor (120) having a gate coupled to a negative power supply connection (V-), a source coupled to the negative power supply connection (V-) via the source resistance (122) and a drain coupled to the reference connection (gnd) via the drain resistance (124) and to the gate of the amplifier transistor (104). The bias stage comprises a further resistance (20, 22), coupled from a node between the source of the bias transistor and the source resistance of the bias transistor (120) to a circuit node that carries a voltage higher than the voltage at the negative power supply connection.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03F 1/30 - Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage

Abstract

Radar system for providing an aircraft with a facility for in use at least detecting another aircraft in at least one monitorable zone within a region surrounding of that aircraft, wherein the system comprises for each monitorable zone at least one subsystem comprising one transmitter for sending an electro-magnetic probe signal and at least one receiver for receiving a reflection of that probe signal, wherein the transmitter is arranged to send the probe signal in a direction that is static with respect to that aircraft.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
• G01S 13/42 - Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates
• G01S 13/536 - Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves
• G01S 13/56 - Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds for presence detection
• G01S 13/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• G01S 13/72 - Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
• H01Q 21/06 - Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
• H01Q 21/20 - Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a curvilinear path

Abstract

The invention provides a softscaled frequency compensation function that allows the evaluation of a first quality measure indicating a global impact of all distortions in an audio transmission system, including linear frequency response distortions and second quality measure that only takes into account the impact of linear frequency response distortions .The softscaled frequency compensation function is derived from a softscaled ratio between a time integrated output and a time integrated input power density functions. The first quality measure is derived from the difference loudness density function as function of time and frequency, using the frequency compensated input loudness density function and the gain compensated output loudness density function both as a function of time and frequency, in the same manner as carried out in ITU standard P.862.The second measure is established from a difference loudness density function as function of frequency only that is derived from a time integration of a second frequency compensated input loudness density function and the gain compensated output loudness density function both as a function of time and frequency.

IPC Classes  ?

• G10L 19/00 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the catalytic decomposition of N2O in a gas containing N2O in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite that has been loaded with a first metal selected from the group of noble metals consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, and with a second metal selected from the group of transition metals consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, and wherein the loading of the zeolite with metals has been obtained by the first loading the zeolite with the noble metal and then with the transition metal, as well as a catalyst for this method and a method for the preparation of this catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 29/06 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
• B01J 29/10 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
• B01J 29/20 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper

Abstract

On the basis of a series of reflection measurements on a liquid, parameters are calculated which describe a particle size distribution of particles in the liquid. In each reflection measurement, a signal beam is generated in the liquid and a value of a property such as the amplitude of a reflection on a particle in the signal beam is measured. Using maximum likelihood estimation, the parameters of the particle size distribution are estimated, on the basis of an expression for a probability of the measured values as a function of the measured values. The expression used contains a first factor for the probability of a reflection measurement of which a reflection with the measured value forms part, corrected with a second factor for the probability that there is not also a reflection with a dominating value of the property, which would mask the measured values, forming part of the reflection measurement.

Abstract

Turbine farm comprising at least a first turbine (1) and at least a second turbine (2) by means of which energy can be extracted from a flowing fluid, wherein when the second turbine is on the lee side of the first turbine, under nominal power, the axial induction of the first turbine is lowered with respect to the second turbine, to reduce turbulence mainly at the location of the at least second turbine.

IPC Classes  ?

• F03B 15/06 - Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
• F03D 7/04 - Automatic control; Regulation

Abstract

Throughput between nodes such as personal computer and a subnetwork such as the Internet is increased by using inverse multiplexing over multiple intersubnetwork connections such as local loop telephone lines of different users. The different nodes share the multiple intersubnetwork connections with each other, so that the efficiency of the use of the intersubnetwork connections is increased. Each of the nodes is capable of receiving and/or transmitting inverse -multiplexed data signals over the same plurality of intersubnetwork connections. Preferably, to this end, at each node, use is made of a separate connecting device which is, on the one side, locally coupled to the node and an intersubnetwork connection and is, on the other side, remotely coupled to one or more other such connecting devices. Such connecting devices are, for instance, placed in different housings, each with, for instance, a regular connection with a local computer and, for instance, a wireless transmission connection to corresponding connecting devices in neighboring housings. The interchanged data are inverse -multiplexed and transmitted via the intersubnetwork connections as inverse multiplex data.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/28 - Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
• H04L 12/46 - Interconnection of networks
• H04M 11/06 - Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors