Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus (1) for separating a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10), the apparatus (1) at least comprising: - a cyclone separator (2) having an inlet (21) for a solids-containing and molten salt containing stream (10) to be separated, a bottom dipleg outlet (22) for a wet solids stream and an overhead outlet (23) for a gas stream; - a hopper (3) containing an overhead inlet (31), an overhead outlet (32) and a bottom outlet (33), wherein the overhead inlet (31) of the hopper (3) is fluidly connected with the bottom dipleg outlet (22) of the cyclone separator (2); and - a heater (5) for heating wet solids (34) in the hopper (3); wherein a pressure reducing pump (4) is connected to an overhead space (36) in the hopper (3) defined by the walls of the hopper and the surface level (35) of wet solids in the hopper (3).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 45/16 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream
• B04C 5/00 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
• B04C 5/20 - Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed with heating or cooling, e.g. quenching, means

Abstract

1122n2n233 group is a hydrogen atom. The fuel compositions of the present invention provide improved engine power and reduced burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition used in the reduction gearbox or transmission of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, wherein the lubricating oil contains a base oil, and the aromatic ring content of the base oil is from 3,500 to 15,000 ppm in terms of the mass of the base oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• C10M 101/02 - Petroleum fractions
• C10M 107/02 - Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• C10M 111/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives

Abstract

An unleaded gasoline fuel composition for improving engine performance in spark ignition internal combustion engines, wherein the unleaded a gasoline fuel composition comprises: a major amount of gasoline base fuel, and a detergent additive package, wherein the detergent additive package comprises a quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the quaternary ammonium internal salt is obtained from amines or polyamines that is substantially devoid of any free anion species, wherein the Mannich base detergent mixture comprises a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine, wherein the weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1, and wherein the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and the Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups

Abstract

This invention provides a method for assessing the copper corrosion potential of a lubricant fluid comprising the steps of: a) placing a sample of said lubricant fluid in a vial, wherein said sample partially fills said vial, such that a space exists in the vial above the sample suitable for sampling vapour phase materials in said space; b) sealing the vial; c) heating the sample in said sealed vial for greater than 12 hours at a temperature of at least 80 °C; and d) analysing the vapour phase portion using headspace GC-MS with full scan and selected ion monitoring.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 17/00 - Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion or to light
• G01N 33/28 - Oils

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1) at least comprising: —an electrically heated furnace (2) having walls (2A, 2B) defining a space (3); —a first row (4) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); —a second row (14) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); —a first set (5) of electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), wherein the first set (5) comprises electrical radiative heating elements (20) located between the first (4) and second rows (14) of tubes (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• F27D 11/02 - Ohmic resistance heating

Abstract

A method for predicting a CO2 storage risk assessment includes determining a set of well integrity rules and determining a classification process based on the set of well integrity risks. Data relevant to the set of well integrity rules is extracted from data for a well located in a subsurface formation. The extracted data is provided to the classification process. A prediction for a subsurface CO2 storage tisk assessment is computed for the well. In a preferred embodiment, subsurface CO2 storage risk assessment for two or more wells in the subsurface formation are used to compute a prediction of a formation CO2 storage risk assessment.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 10/0635 - Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
• G06Q 50/02 - Agriculture; Fishing; Mining

Abstract

22222 storage risk assessment.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth

Abstract

A method for inferring a well integrity criterion used for a CO2 storage site risk assessment of a subterranean formation uses a training well data set having a set of associated training labels. A backpropagation-enabled process is dependency-trained to identify contextual relationships between elements of the training well data set. The dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process is label-trained using the training well data set and the associated training labels to assess a training well integrity criterion. The label-trained backpropagation-enabled process is used to compute a well integrity criterion in a non-training well data set.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition with improved octane properties has 20-35 vol. % toluene having a MON of at least 107; 2-10 vol. % aniline; from above 30 to 55 vol % of at least one alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins 4-9 carbon atoms, 3-20 vol % C5 isoparaffins, 3-15 vol % C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol % C8 isoparaffins, and less than 1 vol % C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; at least 8 vol % isopentane, 0.1-10 vol %, straight chain alkyl acetate; and 0.1-10 vol % branched chain alcohol having 4-8 carbon atoms, provided that the branched chain does not contain any t-butyl groups. The volume ratio of straight chain alkyl acetate to branched chain alcohol is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3 and the fuel composition contains less than 1 vol % of C8 aromatics.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/185 - Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

A downhole tool, which includes a tool housing having a longitudinal axis, is equipped with a sting for punching a hole in a casing wall and injecting a sealant through the hole. The tube has a fluid channel to establish fluid communication from within the tool housing to an exterior of the tool housing through the fluid channel. A press device acts on the sting to force the sting in a radially outward direction from the tool housing. A check valve is arranged in the fluid channel, which allows fluid communication in a direction from within the tool housing to an exterior of the tool housing and which blocks fluid flow in an opposite direction. In use, the sting can perforate a casing wall and the sealant can be injected into an annular space around the casing.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 34/10 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
• E21B 43/112 - Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means

Abstract

The invention provides a gas distribution system comprising a plurality of flow passages in fluid communication with a gas source, each flow passage having disposed therein a number of nozzles, wherein at least a portion of said nozzles are fitted with a sintered metal filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 29/90 - Regeneration or reactivation
• B01J 38/30 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
• B01F 25/314 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
• B01F 25/431 - Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 8/20 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

A method for determining a relative permeability of a porous medium uses a segmented structural image generated from a 3D image to produce a pore-scale output from a pore-scale flow simulation. A Darcy-scale flow model is generated by simulating fluid flow on boundary conditions of the pore-scale flow simulation and an initial relative permeability model. The Darcy-scale output is compared to the pore-scale output to determine a degree of match. The initial relative permeability model is updated and the Darcy-scale simulation and inverse modeling steps are repeated until the degree of match falls within a pre-determined tolerance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive composition, wherein the additive composition comprises anti-oxidants and an asphaltene dispersant, wherein the anti-oxidants are tris (2,4-ditert butyl) phenyl phosphite and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the asphaltene dispersant is polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The invention additionally relates to a bituminous composition comprising anti-oxidants and an asphaltene dispersant, wherein the anti-oxidants are tris (2,4-ditert butyl) phenyl phosphite and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the asphaltene dispersant is polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The invention also relates to an asphalt composition comprising the bituminous composition with resistance to short-term and long-term chemical ageing. The invention further relates to the use of an additive composition to reduce short-term and long-term chemical ageing of the bituminous compositions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 5/526 - Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
• C08K 5/372 - Sulfides

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a lubricating oil composition. The composition comprising (a) from 45 to 75 mass % of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s; (b) from 3 to 35 mass % of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol; and (c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant. The mass % of the composition is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• C10M 107/30 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10M 105/34 - Esters of monocarboxylic acids
• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 155/02 - Monomer containing silicon

Abstract

In a heating space of an electrically heated apparatus, elongate electrical radiative heater elements, which each stretch between a proximal end and a distal end of each elongate electrical radiative heater element, are mechanically secured to a wall peripheral to the heating space. The electrically heated apparatus can be used in methods of heating a fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 3/64 - Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating grease composition for use in a bearing, and a preparation process therefor, said lubricating grease composition comprising: - (i) a mineral base oil containing one or more of fatty ammonium carboxylate salts of formula (I): R1X– (R233+ n (¯OOCR3) wherein R1122020 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain hydrocarbyl groups; X is selected from NH, +22 and N-(R433+; R2and R4288 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain hydrocarbyl groups, and may be the same or different; R3122626 saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain hydrocarbyl groups; and n is 1 or 2; and - (ii) a simple lithium soap thickener.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
• C10N 10/02 - Groups 1 or 11
• C10N 10/04 - Groups 2 or 12
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 40/02 - Bearings
• C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
• C10N 70/00 - Special methods of preparation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for estimating hydrocarbon saturation of a hydrocarbon-bearing rock from a measurement for an electrical property a resistivity log and a rock image. The image is segmented to represent either a pore space or solid material in the rock. An image porosity is estimated from the segmented image, and a corrected porosity is determined to account for the sub-resolution porosity missing in the image of the rock. A corrected saturation exponent of the rock is determined from the image porosity and the corrected porosity and is used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation. A backpropagation-enabled trained model can be used to segment the image. A backpropagation-enabled method can be used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation using an image selected from a series of 2D projection images, 3D reconstructed images and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01N 23/046 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• G01N 23/083 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06T 7/11 - Region-based segmentation
• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a stream having a pH above 7 and comprising a washing solvent, preceded and/or followed by contacting with a stream having a pH below 7 and comprising a washing solvent; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids

Abstract

A process for the epoxidation of ethylene comprising: contacting an inlet feed gas comprising ethylene, oxygen and one or more reaction modifiers consisting of organic chlorides with an epoxidation catalyst comprising a carrier, and having silver, a rhenium promoter, and one or more alkali metal promoters deposited thereon; wherein the inlet feed gas has an overall catalystchloriding effectiveness value (Cleff) represented by the formula (I): wherein [MC], [EC], [EDC], and [VC] are the concentrations in ppmv of methyl chloride (MC), ethylchloride (EC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and vinylchloride (VC), respectively, and [CH4], [C2H6] and [C2H4] are the concentrations in mole percent of methane, ethane, and ethylene, respectively, in the inlet feedgas; wherein at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEO1 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m3 catalyst, said process is operating at a reaction temperature having a value T1 and with the inlet feed gas having an optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of Cleff1 to produce ethylene oxide with an ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO1; and characterised in that the carrier is a fluoride-mineralized alpha-alumina carrier and said process is subsequently operated such that at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEOx, wherein cumEOx is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m3 catalyst greater than cumEO1, the reaction temperature 5 has an increased value Tx to maintain said ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO1 whilst the optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of the inlet feed gas Cleffx is controlled such that the ratio of Cleffx/Cleff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2. A process for the epoxidation of ethylene comprising: contacting an inlet feed gas comprising ethylene, oxygen and one or more reaction modifiers consisting of organic chlorides with an epoxidation catalyst comprising a carrier, and having silver, a rhenium promoter, and one or more alkali metal promoters deposited thereon; wherein the inlet feed gas has an overall catalystchloriding effectiveness value (Cleff) represented by the formula (I): wherein [MC], [EC], [EDC], and [VC] are the concentrations in ppmv of methyl chloride (MC), ethylchloride (EC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and vinylchloride (VC), respectively, and [CH4], [C2H6] and [C2H4] are the concentrations in mole percent of methane, ethane, and ethylene, respectively, in the inlet feedgas; wherein at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEO1 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m3 catalyst, said process is operating at a reaction temperature having a value T1 and with the inlet feed gas having an optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of Cleff1 to produce ethylene oxide with an ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO1; and characterised in that the carrier is a fluoride-mineralized alpha-alumina carrier and said process is subsequently operated such that at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEOx, wherein cumEOx is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m3 catalyst greater than cumEO1, the reaction temperature 5 has an increased value Tx to maintain said ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO1 whilst the optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of the inlet feed gas Cleffx is controlled such that the ratio of Cleffx/Cleff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2. Cl eff = ( 0.1 * [ MC ] + [ EC ] + 2 * [ EDC ] + [ VC ] ) ( 0.002 * [ CH 4 ] + [ C 2 ⁢ H 6 ] + 0.01 * [ C 2 ⁢ H 4 ] ) ( I )

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/03 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 23/68 - Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium

Abstract

Systems and method for production of furfural comprising combining a xylose-containing solution with an extraction solution comprising water-insoluble boronic acid to provide a first combined solution comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, said non-aqueous phase comprising xylose-diboronate ester (BA2X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with a conversion solution to form a second combined solution, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural to a temperature at or above which the second combined solution consists essentially of a homogeneous liquid phase, cooling down the heated second combined solution to a temperature wherein the cooled second combined solution comprises an aqueous phase comprising water and furfural and (ii) a non-aqueous phase comprising water-insoluble boronic acid and furfural.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation

Abstract

Fuel composition comprising: (a) a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in a spark ignition internal combustion engine; and (b) a polybutene polymer; wherein the polybutene polymer has a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 10,000 g/mol, wherein greater than 30% of the polymer molecules in the polybutene polymer have a terminal vinylidene group and wherein the polybutene polymer is present at a level from 500ppm to 5000ppm, by weight of the fuel composition. The fuel compositions of the present invention provide improved engine power and reduced burn duration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

2222222222222-loaded solvent (80) in the electrochemical device (4) to an electrochemical reaction thereby obtaining a gas/liquid mixture (100); (g) separating the gas/liquid mixture (100) obtained in step (f) in a gas/liquid separator (5) thereby obtaining a gas stream (130) and a first liquid stream (140); (h) temporarily storing the first liquid stream (140) obtained in step (g) in a second tank (6); (i) recycling first liquid (160) from the second tank (6) to the contactor (2) for use as the liquid solvent (30) in step (b).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; and b) cooling at least a portion of the reaction zone using a heat exchange medium having an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst; the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of greater than 70° C.; and the difference between the reaction zone temperature and the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium is from 0.5 to 15° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process includes a.) supplying a biomass feedstock, a fluidizing gas having hydrogen, and a catalyst recirculation stream having deoxygenating catalyst to a mixing zone of a fluidized bed reactor; b.) allowing the biomass feedstock, the fluidizing gas and the deoxygenating catalyst to move upwards through the fluidized bed reactor from the mixing zone to a bulk reactor zone; c.) allowing the biomass feedstock to contact the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to produce a hydropyrolysis reactor output including at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; and d.) withdrawing at least a portion of the deoxygenating catalyst from the bulk reactor zone to form the catalyst recirculation stream that is supplied to the mixing zone in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique

Abstract

An unloading valve, which allows fluid flow in a flow direction through the unloading valve up to a predetermined maximum flow rate, and which blocks fluid flow in a blocking direction. The unloading valve is specifically suited for use in a continuous gas lift system. It can be installed in a wellbore tubular by punching it into the wall of the wellbore tubular using a punch tool run within the tubular bore.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 34/08 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
• E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
• F16K 1/14 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with ball-shaped valve members
• F16K 15/04 - Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for producing ethylene, the process at least comprising the steps of: (a) providing a CO-containing stream (10); (b) converting the CO-containing stream (10) provided in step (a) in an electrolyzer (2) thereby producing an ethylene-containing vapour stream (30) and an ethanol-containing liquid stream (40); (c) subjecting at least a part of the ethylene-containing vapour stream (30) obtained in step (b) to hydration thereby obtaining a first ethanol-enriched stream (90); (d) separating the first ethanol-enriched stream (90) obtained in step (c) thereby obtaining a second ethanol-enriched stream (110) and a water-enriched stream (120); and (e) subjecting the second ethanol-enriched stream (110) to dehydration thereby obtaining ethylene (140).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 3/03 - Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
• C25B 15/027 - Temperature
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C25B 3/25 - Reduction

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a lubricant base oil including at least one type selected from mineral oil, PAO, and GTL (gas-to-liquid) base oils; (B) a compound having a structure obtained by independently subjecting propylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol or a structure obtained by subjecting a combination of propylene oxide with ethylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol, and being configured so that polyalkylene glycol (PAG) with an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.35 or more and less than 0.45 and/or one or both terminal hydroxyl groups in the polyalkylene glycol (PAG) are blocked; and (C) a fatty acid ester having an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.05 to 0.35.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 145/30 - Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 3 carbon atoms only
• C10M 145/32 - Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 4 or more carbon atoms
• C10M 107/02 - Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 129/70 - Esters of monocarboxylic acids

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a lubricating composition for use as a transmission fluid in an electric vehicle. The lubricating composition may include at least 70 wt %, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in the range of 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s. The ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301. The composition may also include at least 0.5 wt % and no more than 10 wt %, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 1000 mm2/s; an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives. Also disclosed is a process for lubricating an electric vehicle drive train comprising a transmission by applying the lubricating composition to the transmission.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 105/34 - Esters of monocarboxylic acids
• C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxyl
• C10M 129/70 - Esters of monocarboxylic acids
• C10M 155/02 - Monomer containing silicon
• C10M 145/14 - Acrylate; Methacrylate
• C10M 157/10 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups
• C10M 161/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential

Abstract

A method for producing syngas that comprises providing a feed stream comprising H2 and CO2; heating the feed stream in a first heat exchanger to obtain a first heated feed stream; introducing the first heated feed stream into a first RWGS reactor to obtain a first syngas containing stream; cooling the first syngas containing stream in the first heat exchanger against the feed stream to obtain a first cooled syngas stream; separating the first cooled syngas stream in a first gas/liquid separator to obtain a water-enriched stream and a water-depleted syngas stream; heating the water-depleted syngas stream in a second heat exchanger to obtain a heated water-depleted syngas stream; introducing the heated water-depleted syngas stream into a second RWGS reactor to obtain a second syngas containing stream; and cooling the second syngas containing stream in the second heat exchanger against the water-depleted syngas to obtain a cooled syngas product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide

Abstract

A process for improving yield of kerosene and/or diesel from a renewable feedstock involves hydrotreating a renewable feedstock and hydroisomerizing the hydrotreated liquid. The isomerized effluent is separated to produce an offgas stream, at least one fuel stream having a desired boiling point range, and a heavy fraction having a boiling point greater than the desired boiling point range. The heavy fraction is passed to a hydrocracking zone to produce a hydrocracked effluent. The hydrocracked effluent is passed to the hydroisomerization zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
• C10G 47/02 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for estimating a total porosity of rock from a 3D image. The image is segmented to identify primary and secondary porosity. For primary porosity, segmentation identifies resolved pores and solid material having dimensions greater than or equal to voxel size. For secondary porosity, the impact of partial pores having a dimension less than voxel size and/or porous materials are determined. An image porosity based on the resolved pores of the segmented image is determined and a non-wetting liquid capillary pressure curve produced for calculating a resolved porosity correction factor. Secondary porosity system corrections are determined using a partial pore porosity correction factor and/or a porous matrix correction factor from a volume fraction of partial pores and/or porous material, respectively, identified in the segmented image. Saturation is calculated using the image porosity, the resolved porosity correction factor, and the secondary porosity correction factor(s).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06T 7/11 - Region-based segmentation
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06T 7/136 - Segmentation; Edge detection involving thresholding
• G06T 7/62 - Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; b) withdrawing the product stream from the oligomerization reaction zone wherein the product stream further comprises oligomerization catalyst system; c) contacting the product stream with a catalyst deactivating agent to form a deactivated product stream that contains deactivated catalyst components; and d) heating the deactivated product stream to separate one or more components from the deactivated product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• B01J 31/40 - Regeneration or reactivation
• B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomeriation reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of at least 115° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the molar ratio of oxygen to iron being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is of from 1:1 to 200:1. Alternatively, the molar ratio of oxygen to aluminum in MMAO being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is less than 1:5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
• B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
• C07C 2/30 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond; Metal hydrides

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for capture of carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed stream. The process may include a direct air capture (DAC) unit comprising: a first and second inlet faces located on opposite sides of the DAC unit. A sorbent material may be located inside the DAC unit and at or behind each of the inlet faces. An outlet may be located at the top of the DAC unit and may provide an exit gaseous outlet stream. The exit gaseous outlet stream may have a flow that is produced by at least one fan. The process may include receiving a gaseous feed stream at the inlet faces. The gaseous feed stream may have an average CO2 concentration greater than 95% of the CO2 concentration of ambient air, by minimizing reingestion of the exit gaseous outlet stream, for any wind direction and any wind speed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for capture of carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed stream. The process may include a direct air capture unit comprising an inlet air section, a sorbent section, and an outlet air section. A gaseous feed stream may be received at the inlet air section and the feed stream may be contacted with a sorbent material in the sorbent section. An exit gaseous outlet stream may be provided from the outlet air section. The total pressure loss across the inlet and outlet air sections may be maintained at less than 200 Pa. The feed stream may have a volumetric flow within the sorbent section having a maximum and a minimum flow. The unit may include at least one structural element for maintaining the minimum flow to be within a range of 0-20% lower than the maximum flow over the entire sorbent section.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

22233 ratio of at least 25 and a group VIII metal.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins

Abstract

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to abiological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/84 - Biological processes
• B01D 53/047 - Pressure swing adsorption
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

22213222133 gases, and the dust filter cake is disposed on an outer surface of the plurality of filter elements and includes the char and catalyst fines.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10K 1/02 - Dust removal
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• B01D 46/24 - Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock. The process includes passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone to produce an effluent which is passed to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing. The reaction zone includes at least one moving bed reactor, having at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst configured for catalyst addition and removal. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system and sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity and any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is removed from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor. The removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps

Abstract

A method for calibrating a direct flow simulation of a rock sample involves providing a 3D image of a rock sample and generating a segmented structural image of the rock sample from the 3D image by selecting voxels to represent either a pore space or a solid material. Fluid flow is simulated on the segmented structural image with a direct flow simulation. A 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map is generated for one or more fluid phases at a pore-scale resolution using pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The simulated fluid flow and the 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map are compared to calibrate the direct flow simulation across the rock sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 24/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
• G01N 23/046 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G01N 23/083 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam, comprising reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyether polyol component a) in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein polyether polyol component a) comprises: a1) a first polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 300 to 1,500 g/mol, a hydroxyl value of from 100 to 650 mg KOH/g and a propylene oxide content above 50 wt.%; and a2) a second polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 1,700 g/mol, a hydroxyl value of from 50 to 650 mg KOH/g, an ethylene oxide content above 30 wt.%, a propylene oxide content below 50 wt.% and a primary hydroxyl content below 40%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
• C09D 175/04 - Polyurethanes
• C09D 175/08 - Polyurethanes from polyethers

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the residence time in the reaction zone is in the range of from 2 to 40 minutes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes

Abstract

222222222222222222222222222S- enriched gas stream (90) is used as the suction fluid (50) in the ejector (3) in step (d).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for replacing a catalyst of a reactor train of an operating hydroprocessing system comprising a plurality of reactor trains comprising a catalyst and each configured to receive a feed fluid and combine a portion of the feed fluid with a hydrogen stream over the catalyst to generate a hydrotreated fluid, the method comprising activating a valving system of the operating hydroprocessing system to disrupt operation of a select reactor train comprising a spent catalyst to form a disrupted reactor train while maintaining operation of at least one other reactor train; activating the gas processing system to form a decontaminated catalyst, removing the decontaminated catalyst from the disrupted reactor train to form a catalyst free reactor train; loading the catalyst free reactor train with a fresh catalyst to produce a charged reactor train; and restoring operation of the catalyst charged reactor train.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/10 - Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using elemental hydrogen
• B01J 23/90 - Regeneration or reactivation
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside

Abstract

A method involving automated salt body boundary interpretation employs multiple sequential supervised machine learning models which have been trained using training data. The training data may consist of pairs of seismic data and labels as determined by human interpretation. The machine learning models are deep learning models, and each of the deep learning models is aimed to address a specific challenge in the salt body boundary detection. The proposed approach consists of application of an ensemble of deep learning models applied sequentially, wherein each model is trained to address a specific challenge. In one example an initial salt boundary inference as generated by a first trained first deep learning model is subject to a trained refinement deep learning model for false positives removal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G06N 3/0464 - Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]
• G06N 3/08 - Learning methods

Abstract

A process for the production of glycol from a saccharide-containing feedstock involves catalytically converting the saccharide-containing feedstock in the presence of a heterogenous hydrogenation catalyst and a homogeneous retro-aldol catalyst resulting in a glycol product. Effluent from the conversion zone is contacted with an ion exchange material to adsorb transition metal anions from the retro-aldol catalyst present in the effluent. Adsorbed transition metal anions are then desorbed from the ion exchange material and recycled to the conversion zone. After the contacting step, the effluent is separated into a product stream and a heavies fraction. The product stream is passed to a glycol recovery zone for recovering a purified glycol product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/80 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 29/76 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A piston having a chamber and a barrel disposed in and that may translocate within the chamber. The barrel includes a terminal end having a seal, and the seal has an annular ring having a first wall and a second wall, the second wall is orthogonal to and extends from the first wall such that a first portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a first direction and a second portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a second direction that is substantially opposite to the first direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 4/00 - Feed devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes

Abstract

222133 gases, char, and fines. The hydropyrolysis reactor includes one or more deoxygenation catalysts. The system also includes a solid feedstock feeding system disposed upstream from and fluidly coupled to the hydropyrolysis reactor. The solid feedstock feeding system includes a piston feeder having an inlet, an outlet, at least one piston disposed between the inlet and the outlet, the at least one piston includes a chamber and a barrel disposed in and that may translocate within the chamber, the barrel includes a terminal end having a seal, and the seal includes an annular ring having a first wall and a second wall, the second wall is orthogonal to and extends from the first wall such that a first portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a first direction and a second portion of the first wall protrudes away from the second wall in a second direction that is substantially opposite from the first direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• F04B 53/14 - Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
• F16J 15/32 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings

Abstract

This invention provides a method for the analysis of deposits on a machine part during its use while lubricated with a lubricating composition, said method comprising the steps of: i) using a 3D scanner to create a 3D model of the machine part after use; ii) mounting the machine part on a means for rotation; iii) obtaining a digital microscope image of an initial section of the external surface of said machine part; iv) rotating the machine part about its central axis by a specific amount; v) obtaining a digital microscope image of a further section of the external surface of said machine part, said further section of the external surface overlapping with the initial section of the external surface of the machine part; vi) repeating steps iii) to v) until the whole external surface of the machine part has been imaged; vii) removing the overlapping sections of the digital microscope images and creating a single continuous image of the external surface of the machine part; viii) processing said single continuous image by assigning a value to each pixel in the image related to the presence of deposits therein and, optionally, the thickness of the deposits; and ix) applying the dataset obtained in step viii) to the 3D model created in step i) to produce an accurate 3D representation for visualisation and quantification of the deposits on the machine part.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a process for generating a stripped fluid having reduced chloride content, the process comprising stripping chloride from a hydroprocessing effluent using a hot high pressure stripper to generate the stripped fluid and a vapour, wherein the stripped fluid comprises a lower chloride content than the hydroprocessing effluent, and wherein the vapour comprises chloride.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 7/00 - Distillation of hydrocarbon oils

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; wherein heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a washed stream resulting from step a) and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step b), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 67/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including a sorption process as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition meets the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification. Furthermore, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions of the present invention exhibit reduced bladder delamination, improved materials compatibility such as reduced elastomer swelling and reduced paint staining, and improved engine endurance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

This invention provides a water-glycol hydraulic fluid comprises from 0.2 to 0.6% by mass of a dimer acid as a fatty acid lubricant, and more than 0.10% by mass and 0.20% by mass or less of a phosphoric acid ester of Formula (1), wherein the sum of the dimer acid and the phosphoric acid ester is more than 0.35% by mass wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X1, X2, X3 and X4 may be the same or different, each representing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. This invention provides a water-glycol hydraulic fluid comprises from 0.2 to 0.6% by mass of a dimer acid as a fatty acid lubricant, and more than 0.10% by mass and 0.20% by mass or less of a phosphoric acid ester of Formula (1), wherein the sum of the dimer acid and the phosphoric acid ester is more than 0.35% by mass wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X1, X2, X3 and X4 may be the same or different, each representing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• C10M 105/14 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms polyhydroxy
• C10M 129/93 - Carboxylic acids having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• C10M 137/10 - Thio derivatives
• C10M 141/10 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound

Abstract

Presented is a catalyst composition having exceptional properties for converting sulfur, sulfur compounds, and carbon monoxide contained in gas streams by catalyzed hydrolysis, hydrogenation and water-gas shift reactions. The catalyst comprises underbedded molybdenum and cobalt with an overlayer of molybdenum and cobalt. These metals are present in the catalyst within certain concentration ranges and relative weight ratios. The underbedded metals are present in the catalyst within a specified range relative to the overlayer and total metals. The underbedded metals are formed by co-mulling an inorganic oxide with the catalytically active metals of molybdenum and cobalt. The co-mulled mixture is calcined and then impregnated with overlaid molybdenum and cobalt.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing middle distillates from a feedstock comprising a residual hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and a hydrogen deficient feedstock. The process includes the steps of (a) deasphalting the residual hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to obtain a deasphalted product of which at least 50 wt% has a boiling point above 550 °C and an asphaltic product; (b) combining the deasphalted product with the hydrogen deficient feedstock to produce a mixed deasphalted product, wherein the hydrogen deficient feedstock has a hydrogen (H) content of at least 6 wt% to at most 11.3 wt%; (c) hydrodemetallizing at least part of the mixed deasphalted product from step (b) to produce a hydrodemetallized product; (d) hydrotreating at least part of the hydrodemetallized product from step (c) to produce a hydrotreated product; (e) hydrocracking at least part of the hydrotreated product from step (d) to produce a hydrocracked product; and (f) subjecting at least part of the hydrocracked product from step (e) to a separation treatment to produce at least a middle distillate fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
• C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• C10G 47/16 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 55/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural parallel stages only

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream, wherein before and/or after step c) additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons are removed from that remaining stream and/or from a stream resulting from step c), respectively, by contacting the latter stream (s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent, wherein before and/or after step a) heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step a), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
• C10G 67/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including a sorption process as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising: a housing having an interior space; at least one heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and a working fluid disposed within the interior space such that at least part of the heat-generating component is in direct contact with the working fluid; wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one phase change material selected from micro- encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof. The present invention also provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising the steps of directly contacting at least part of the heat-generating component with a working fluid; and transferring the heat away from the heat-generating component using the working fluid wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one encapsulated phase change material selected from micro-encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 5/06 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice-versa
• H01M 10/6567 - Liquids

Abstract

An outer wellbore tubular, in which an inner tubular is arranged with an open annulus extending between the inner wellbore tubular and the outer wellbore tubular, is locally plastically expanded. Before expansion, a dilatant material is provided in the open annulus. When subsequently activating an energetic expander from within the inner wellbore tubular, at a location where the surrounding annulus is filled with the dilatant material, a local radial plastic deformation of the outer wellbore tubular can be effectuated. The dilatant material can subsequently be disposed from the annulus.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 29/02 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for generating a hydrogel from a CO2 gas stream. The method for converting a CO2 gas stream comprising a CO2 into an ester, comprises the conversion of CO2 into a (COOH)2 preferably by passing the CO2 through a water bath to produce a carbonated water; and passing the carbonated water through a metal ion exchange bubble column comprising a M2(COO)2 to produce the (COOH)2 and a MHCO3; reacting the (COOH)2 with a mono-alcohol to obtain the ester. The invention further relates to a system for converting CO2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 64/30 - General preparatory processes using carbonates
• B01J 23/44 - Palladium
• B01J 27/053 - Sulfates

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock. The process includes passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor. The at least one moving bed reactor includes at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst configured for catalyst addition and removal. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system and sulphidic activation before entering at a top portion of the moving bed reactor. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity and any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is removed from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock. The spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina molar ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) contacting the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity; c) shaping the zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity as obtained in step b) thereby obtaining a shaped 10 catalyst carrier; d) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier as obtained in step c) in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; e) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step d) with a noble metal component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 29/12 - Noble metals
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/20 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof

Abstract

222222222222222-enriched stream can exit.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

A method is provided for directly providing electrical power from a photovoltaic (PV) installation to electrical consumer. The method comprises (a) providing electrical power from the PV installation directly to the electrical consumer, where the PV installation comprises a first portion and a second portion; (b) determining whether current (I) output of the PV installation is below a threshold; and (c) if it is below the threshold, connecting at least one segment of the second portion of the PV installation to the electrical consumer; or (d) if it is determined that the current (I) output of the PV installation exceeds the threshold, disconnecting at least a connected segment of the second portion of the PV installation from the electrical consumer; and repeating steps (b) through (d) to maintain the current (I) output of the PV installation within a range of the threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Abstract

The invention provides a process for the separation of a diol from a product stream. The process includes the steps of: i) separating the product stream comprising three or more C2 to C6 diols, C3 to C6 sugar alcohols, and C4 to C6 polyhydric alcohols with at least 3 hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and a catalyst, to produce a first stream comprising the three or more C2 to C6 diols; ii) separating the first stream comprising the three or more C2 to C6 diols into a) a second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group and b) a third stream comprising two or more diols; iii) hydrogenating the second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group to provide a purified diol stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/84 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
• C07C 29/82 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation by azeotropic distillation
• C07C 29/17 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic com-pounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction vent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen

Abstract

2222 2222222222222222-depleted monolith sorbent block (2) obtained in step (g).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam having a density lower than 30 kg/m3 which process comprises reacting, in the presence of a blowing agent: a) a polyisocyanate component; b) a polyether polyol component having a molecular weight of at least 1,000 g/mol and a functionality which is higher than 1.5 and lower than 2.5; and c) a chain extender component having a molecular weight of at most 500 g/mol and a functionality which is higher than 1.5 and lower than 2.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 18/66 - Compounds of groups , , or
• C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic

Abstract

A reactor system, which is active in pyrolyzing methane at effective conditions, comprising a molten salt medium and a reaction vessel, the molten salt being contained within the reaction vessel using various methods of catalyst distribution within the vessel such that when methane passes through the vessel, it comes into contact with said catalyst causing a pyrolysis reaction thereby producing molecular hydrogen with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The catalyst may be placed within the reaction vessel either as suspended particles or in a structured packed form.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive composition comprising primary anti-oxidants and a secondary anti-oxidant, wherein the primary anti-oxidants are a phenyl phosphite and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the secondary anti-oxidant is epoxidized soybean oil. The invention additionally relates a bituminous composition comprising primary anti-oxidants and a secondary anti-oxidant, wherein the primary anti-oxidants are a phenyl phosphite and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester; and wherein the secondary anti-oxidant is epoxidized soybean oil. The invention also relates to an asphalt composition comprising the bituminous composition with resistance to short-term and long-term chemical ageing. The invention further relates to the use of an additive composition to reduce short-term and long-term chemical ageing of a bituminous composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 5/526 - Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
• C08K 5/372 - Sulfides
• C08K 5/1515 - Three-membered rings

Abstract

This invention provides a process for improving the sustainability of a dual-fuel engine system operated with a first liquid fuel and a second gaseous fuel, said process comprising providing to the engine system an EN15940 compliant paraffinic gasoil as the first liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel selected from ammonia, methanol, hydrogen and methane based gas as the second gaseous fuel, and combusting said fuels in an internal combustion engine system, wherein exhaust gases from combusting said fuels are contacted with a methane oxidation catalyst provided in the exhaust system of said internal combustion engine system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• F02D 19/10 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
• F02B 69/04 - Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in group ; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
• F02D 19/06 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed

Abstract

An energetics tool is inserted downhole in a wellbore tubular, which has a string of at least two axially separated shaped charges. With this tool N axially separated circumferential dents are created, using a string of only M = (N+1)/2 axially separated charges. N is an odd number of 3 or higher. Two additional axially separated dents may be created for each additional axially separated shaped charge that is added to the string. For example, by simultaneously detonating two shaped charges, it is possible to create three axially separated dents. By simultaneously detonating three shaped charges that are axially separated from each other, it is possible to create five axially separated dents. The shaped charges are contained in charge housings that are mechanically interconnected with a longitudinal connecting rod. The shaped charges are simultaneously detonated, whereby pressure waves from neighboring shaped charges interact to cause the additional dents.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 29/02 - Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
• E21B 43/11 - Perforators; Permeators
• E21B 29/10 - Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• F42B 1/00 - Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
• B21D 26/08 - Shaping without cutting otherwise than by using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, e.g. shaping by applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a structural feature in a core image using a backpropagation-enabled process trained by inputting a set of training images of a core image, iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of the structural feature for the set of training images and adjusting the parameters in the backpropagation-enabled model until the model is trained. The trained backpropagation-enabled model is used to predict the occurrence of the structural features in non-training core images. The set of training images may include non-structural features and/or simulated data, including augmented images and synthetic images.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis
• G06V 10/764 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using classification, e.g. of video objects
• G06V 10/774 - Generating sets of training patterns; Bootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
• G06V 10/82 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
• G06T 7/11 - Region-based segmentation

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene by oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane, comprising: a) supplying ethane and oxygen to a first ODH zone which is formed by multiple reactor tubes containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; b) contacting the ethane and oxygen with the catalyst resulting in multiple effluent streams, wherein the multiple reactor tubes are cooled by a coolant; c) mixing at least a portion of the multiple effluent streams from step b) resulting in a mixture comprising ethylene, unconverted ethane and unconverted oxygen; d) supplying at least a portion of the mixture from step c) to a second ODH zone containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; e) contacting at least a portion of the mixture from step c) with the catalyst in the second ODH zone resulting in a stream comprising ethylene and unconverted ethane.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 27/057 - Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides an engine oil composition including 70 to 95 percent by weight of a base oil and 0.01 to 15 percent by weight of a dispersant comb polymer, based on the overall weight of the engine oil composition. The dispersant comb polymer consists of 13.7% by weight of a macromonomer, which is an ester of methacrylic acid and a hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene with Mn of 4750 g/mol; 51.5% by weight of n-butyl methacrylate; 17.3% by weight of LMA; 11.2% by weight of styrene; 0.2% by weight of methyl methacrylate; and 6.10% by weight of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The modified dispersant inhibitor package contains 30 wt % or less of succinimide type dispersant based on the overall weight of the modified dispersant inhibitor additive package, and the engine oil composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-X, wherein X is 30 or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 107/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
• C10M 141/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential
• C10M 133/56 - Amides; Imides

Abstract

A computer-implemented approach has been developed to estimate corrosion rate (100) in a section of a pipe transmitting a corrosive substance. A trained surrogate model (60) is provided to output an estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) of the substance in the pipe section. The estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) is then fed into a computerized electrochemical model (80), together with electrochemical parameters (90) associated with the corrosive substance, which electrochemical model then determines an estimated corrosion rate (100) imposed on the pipe section by the corrosive substance. The surrogate model is trained using results of a full physics-based simulation. Once it has been trained, the surrogate model can generate the estimated value of maximum near-wall velocity (70) much faster than the full physics-based simulation can.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
• G06F 30/28 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
• G06F 113/08 - Fluids
• G06F 113/14 - Pipes
• G06F 119/04 - Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing

Abstract

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in geophysical data sets involves dependency-training a first b ackpropagation-enabled process, followed by interdependency-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships for each input channel of a geophysical data set. Interdependency -training computes inter-feature and spatial relationships between each of the featurized input channels. The output conditional featurized input channels are fused to produce a combined representation of the conditional featurized input channels. The combined representation is inputted to a second backpropagation-enabled process to compute a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/09 - Supervised learning
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06N 3/045 - Combinations of networks
• G06N 3/0464 - Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]

Abstract

A process for producing styrene converts Z-phenylalanine using a first biocatalyst comprising a PAL enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodorotula glutinis EC 4.3.1.24) and a second biocatalyst comprising a Fdc1 enzyme (ferulic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger EC 4.1.1.102). The first and second biocatalysts are provided as whole-cell pellets or derivatives thereof. Styrene is produced by converting the L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid with the first biocatalyst and converting the trans-cinnamic acid to styrene with the second biocatalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 1/20 - Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• C12R 1/19 - Escherichia coli
• C12R 1/685 - Aspergillus niger

Abstract

A system and method for the automatic and continuous high-speed measurement of color and geometry characteristics of solid shaped particles. The system includes a shaped particle feeder that sorts and aligns singularized particles and feeds them onto a means for moving the singularized shaped particles to a color inspection station and a shape inspection station. The color inspection station provides for measuring the color of each singularized shaped particle and the shape inspection station provides for measuring the geometry characteristics of each singularized shaped particle. This information is analyzed by a master computer with the statistical information displayed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• G01B 11/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
• G01N 21/25 - Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands

Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: a base oil; and coated particles made of nanoparticles and phosphonic acid coating at least a portion of the surface of the nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 125/10 - Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 125/24 - Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony

Abstract

A process for the production of glycol from a saccharide-containing feedstock in the presence a catalyst system having a retro-aldol catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst has a conditioning step for the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst is conditioned with a treatment solution comprising a conditioning retro-aldol catalyst in the absence of the saccharide-containing feedstock. Thereafter, the saccharide-containing feedstock and a catalytic retro-aldol catalyst are introduced to the reactor containing the conditioned hydrogenation catalyst, and glycol is produced by hydrogenolysis of the saccharide-containing feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 25/02 - Raney nickel

Abstract

This invention provides a method for extending the life of a lubricant composition, said lubricant composition comprising one or more base oils and one or more additives, wherein at least one of the additive is a depleting additive, said method comprising: i. determining the amount of the one or more depleting additives required for a desired extended lifetime of the lubricant composition, wherein said extended lifetime is longer than the standard lifetime of said lubricant composition; ii. providing a first portion of said one or more depleting additives to the fresh lubricant composition; and iii. providing the remainder of the amount of the one or more depleting additives in two or more portions spread over the standard lifetime of the lubricant composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
• F01M 9/02 - Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having means for introducing additives to lubricant

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for purification of a polyether polyol which is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide in the presence of an initiator having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms and a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst, has a number average molecular weight of at most 10,000 g/mol and contains ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) components having molecular weights of at least 3 times the number average molecular weight, said process comprising filtering the polyether polyol with a membrane having an average pore size of from 0.5 to 80 nm to produce a permeate comprising a purified polyether polyol containing a reduced amount of UHMW components. Further, the invention relates to a process for preparing a polyether polyol from the purified polyether polyol; and to a process for preparing a polyurethane foam.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/30 - Post-polymerisation treatment, e.g. recovery, purification, drying
• C08G 18/48 - Polyethers
• C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds

Abstract

An HVDC system comprising an AC/DC converter sub-system electrically connected to a renewable energy equipment and a VSC sub-system is provided. A method comprises operating the renewable energy equipment to function as a voltage source to energize an HVDC link between the AC/DC converter sub-system and the VSC sub-system; operating the VSC sub-system as a voltage source to energize at least one electrical load electrically connected thereto; if it is determined that the power production rate of the renewable energy equipment is not within a designated parameter, operating the equipment to follow the VSC sub-system such that controlling the AC electric power output influences the power production rate. If it is within the designated parameter, operating the VSC sub-system to follow the renewable energy equipment such that the VSC sub-system adjusts the properties of its AC electric output to match the properties of the electric power generated by the renewable energy equipment.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Abstract

The present invention provides a process to prepare middle distillates and base oils from a Fischer-Tropsch product, by (a) subjecting the Fischer-Tropsch product to a hydroprocessing step in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve with a pore size between 5 and 7 angstrom and a SiO2/AlO3 ratio of at least 25, preferably from 50 to 180 and a group VIII metal to obtain a mixture comprising one or more middle distillate fractions and a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction; (b) separating the mixture as obtained in step (a) by means of atmospheric distillation into one or more middle distillate fractions, a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction; (c) separating the first residual fraction by means of vacuum distillation into at least a distillate base oil fraction and a second residual fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including at least two different refining steps in the absence of hydrogen
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 29/74 - Noble metals
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation
• B01D 3/10 - Vacuum distillation

Abstract

A gasoline fuel composition for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising (a) gasoline blending components, (b) renewable naphtha at a level of 10 to 30% v/v and (c) oxygenated hydrocarbon at a level of 20% v/v or less, wherein the gasoline blending components comprise (a) 0-30% v/v alkylate, (b) from 0 to 15% v/v isomerate; (c) 0 to 20% v/v catalytic cracked tops naphtha; and (d) 20% to 40% v/v of heavy reformate, wherein the total amount of alkylate, isomerate, catalytic cracked tops naphtha and heavy reformate is at least 50% v/v based on the total fuel composition, and wherein the gasoline fuel composition meets the EN228 specification. While the low octane number of renewable naphtha would normally severely restrict its blendability in gasoline to low levels, it has now been found that renewable naphtha can be included in, for example, ethanol-containing gasoline fuel compositions, in surprisingly and significantly high blend ratios of renewable naphtha to ethanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/185 - Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a geological feature in a borehole image log using a backpropagation-enabled process trained by inputting a set of training images (12) of a borehole image log, iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of the geological feature for the set of training images and adjusting the parameters in the backpropagation-enabled model until the model is trained. The trained backpropagation-enabled model is used to predict the occurrence of the geological features in non-training borehole image logs. The set of training images may include non- geological features and/or simulated data, including augmented images (22) and synthetic images (24).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06V 10/774 - Generating sets of training patterns; Bootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G06V 10/82 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen is used in many different chemical and industrial processes. Hydrogen is also an important fuel for future transportation and other uses as it does not generate any carbon dioxide emissions when used. The invention provides for a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon to obtain a synthesis gas, providing the synthesis gas to a reactor in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide, removing the carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen. The carbon dioxide is used in a chemical process and/or stored in a geological reservoir.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• B01D 53/047 - Pressure swing adsorption

Abstract

A system for removing methane oxidation catalyst (MOC) poisons from an exhaust gas including a methane abatement unit that may receive the exhaust gas having methane (CH4)and the MOC poisons. The methane abatement unit includes a guard bed that may remove the MOC poisons from the exhaust gas and may generate an intermediate exhaust gas having the CH4 and devoid of the MOC poisons. The guard bed includes a MOC poisons capturing component having a first transition metal oxide, an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) support material, and a dolomite-derived support material. The methane abatement unit also includes a MOC bed fluidly coupled to and positioned downstream from the guard bed. The MOC bed includes a MOC and may remove CH4 from the intermediate exhaust gas to generate a treated exhaust gas having less than approximately 200 parts per million volume (ppmv) CH4.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• F01N 3/28 - Construction of catalytic reactors
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 23/34 - Manganese
• B01J 23/72 - Copper
• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/755 - Nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons by pyrolytic cracking of the hydrocarbons in an autothermal reactor, said process comprising: pre-heating an oxygen containing stream and a hydrogen and/or methane containing stream outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated oxygen containing stream and the pre-heated hydrogen and/or methane containing stream into a burner of the autothermal reactor; generating steam in a combustion zone of the autothermal reactor; pre-heating a waste plastics pyrolysis oil feed stream containing hydrocarbons outside the autothermal reactor; feeding the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the autothermal reactor; mixing the steam generated in the combustion zone with the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons in a mixing and cracking zone of the autothermal reactor, by feeding the steam and the pre-heated feed stream containing hydrocarbons into the mixing and cracking zone from substantially opposite directions, and pyrolytically cracking the hydrocarbons to provide an effluent containing olefins.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for separating unsaturated hydrocarbons from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which process comprises the steps of (a) contacting the mixture with a solvent;(b) allowing to form two phases in equilibrium, a first phase comprising solvent and unsaturated hydrocarbons and a second phase comprising the remainder of the mixture; (c) removing the phases separately; and (d) removing from at least one of the phases the hydrocarbons to obtain at least one product stream and regenerated solvent for use in step (a),wherein the solvent comprises dihydrolevoglucosenone or a derivative of dihydrolevoglucosenone.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) mixing the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base, water and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a slurry of the zeolite Y; c) reducing the water content of the slurry obtained in step b) thereby obtaining solids with reduced water content, wherein the reducing of the water content in step c) involves the addition of a binder; d) shaping the solids with reduced water content obtained in step c) thereby obtaining a shaped catalyst carrier; e) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier obtained in step d) at a temperature above 300° C. in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; f) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step e) with a hydrogenation component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst; wherein no heat treatment at a temperature of above 500° C. takes place between the mixing of step b) and the shaping of step d).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/16 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 23/888 - Tungsten
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 37/04 - Mixing
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/20 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for converting feed streams selected from (1) a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and a hydrogen rich gas stream; (2) a methane rich gas stream; and (3) a combination of feed streams (1) and (2) into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen. The process may include introducing feed streams selected from (1), (2) or (3) and oxygen into a reaction vessel and switching modes between performing method I or method II in the reaction vessel wherein no catalyst is present. The reaction vessel may be provided with a burner located at the top of the reaction vessel, the burner may include coaxial channels for the separate introduction of the different gas streams. Method I may be a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature. Method II may be a partial oxidation reaction at elevated temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/14 - Handling of heat and steam
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A method for operating an adsorption-based system for removing water and potentially other components from a feed stream. The system includes at least two dehydration units each comprising an adsorption bed. The method includes the steps of: i) obtaining process data from one or more sensors at a predetermined time resolution, the sensors at least comprising at least one moisture sensor at a specified location in each of the dehydration units; ii) dehydrating the feed stream by operating the adsorption-based system in regenerative mode, wherein at least one active unit of the at least two dehydration units is in an adsorption cycle, and wherein at least another one of the at least two dehydration units is being regenerated; iii) estimating an adsorption bed water adsorption capacity during every adsorption cycle; and iv) using the process data to update the estimated adsorption bed water adsorption capacity.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas