Abstract

A method of controlling a permeability zone in a reservoir includes introducing a diverter agent comprising a morpholinium based zwitterionic surfactant including a sulfonate terminal moiety, an ammonium-based zwitterionic surfactant, and an activator in a wellbore. Once introduced, the diverter agent contacts a high permeability zone in the reservoir. The diverter agent heats and gels to form a gelled diverter agent in the high permeability zone, subsequently forming a zone of decreased permeability

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation

Abstract

A method includes preparing an alkyl-modified graphene oxide, injecting the modified graphene oxide into a well, and inhibiting acid-induced corrosion of a steel surface in the well with the modified graphene oxide. A composition includes an alkyl-modified graphene oxide having one or more alkyl functional group covalently bonded to a graphene core through an oxygen-containing linking group. A method of preparing modified graphene oxide includes mixing graphite powder with an oxidant to provide a mixture, adding the mixture to an acid solution including H2SO4, H3PO4, or a combination thereof to provide graphene oxide, and reacting the graphene oxide with an alkyl halide by nucleophilic substitution to provide the alkyl-modified graphene oxide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/54 - Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
• C01B 32/194 - After-treatment
• C01B 32/198 - Graphene oxide
• C01B 32/23 - Oxidation
• E21B 37/06 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting the deposition of paraffins or like substances

Abstract

A diverter agent includes a morpholinium based zwitterionic surfactant having a sulfonate terminal moiety; and an ammonium based zwitterionic surfactant.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/14 - Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants

Abstract

An adsorption composition that includes a treatment agent including a material having an oxidized surface functionality and a carrier fluid are described. A method of preparing an adsorption composition including processing a material derived from at least one component of a date tree to provide a processed date tree material, treating the processed date tree material with a first treatment to produce a treated date tree material, reacting the treated date tree material with one or more oxidizing agents to form a treatment agent, and suspending the treatment agent in a carrier fluid is also described. Further, a method of adsorbing one or more compounds from a water-based fluid including introducing an adsorption composition to a water-based fluid containing one or more organic compounds contacting the adsorption composition with the one or more organic compounds and adsorbing the one or more organic compounds on the treatment agent is also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• C01B 32/324 - Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
• C01B 32/342 - Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• C01B 32/36 - Reactivation or regeneration
• C02F 101/32 - Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Abstract

An adsorption composition that includes a treatment agent including a material having an oxidized surface functionality and a carrier fluid are described. A method of preparing an adsorption composition including processing a material derived from at least one component of a date tree to provide a processed date tree material, treating the processed date tree material with a first treatment to produce a treated date tree material, reacting the treated date tree material with one or more oxidizing agents to form a treatment agent, and suspending the treatment agent in a carrier fluid is also described. Further, a method of adsorbing one or more compounds from a water-based fluid including introducing an adsorption composition to a water-based fluid containing one or more organic compounds contacting the adsorption composition with the one or more organic compounds and adsorbing the one or more organic compounds on the treatment agent is also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating
• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption

Abstract

A dendrimeric carbon dot-polyamide membrane, a method for making the dendrimeric carbon dot-polyamide membrane, and a method for producing purified water are provided. An exemplary carbon dot-polyamide membrane includes polyamidoamine dendrimeric carbon dots and a polyamide membrane. The polyamidoamine dendrimeric dots are dispersed throughout the polyamide membrane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 71/60 - Polyamines
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
• B01D 71/56 - Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
• C08G 83/00 - Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups

Abstract

A composition includes a polymer having a structure as shown in Formula (I): A composition includes a polymer having a structure as shown in Formula (I): A composition includes a polymer having a structure as shown in Formula (I): where x is from 20 to 70, y is from 20 to 30, z is from 1.0 to 10, and p is from 1.0 to 10. A method of making the polymer is also provided. The polymer composition may be used as a wellbore fluid. Also provided is a method of treating a hydrocarbon bearing formation. The method includes introducing the polymer-containing wellbore fluid into a high permeability zone of a hydrocarbon bearing formation such that it blocks at least a portion of the high permeability zone of the hydrocarbon bearing formation, stimulating the hydrocarbon bearing formation thereby creating pathways for hydrocarbon production, and recovering hydrocarbons.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/508 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
• C08F 220/56 - Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
• C09K 8/76 - Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes for preventing or reducing fluid loss
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• E21B 43/27 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures by use of eroding chemicals, e.g. acids

Abstract

A multi-stage direct contact membrane distillation (MS-DCMD) system and a process for using the MS-DCMD are provide. The MS-DCMD includes a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a feed chamber fluidically coupled to a feed line and a carrier gas line, wherein the feed line introduces a liquid feed into the feed chamber from a liquid feed tank, and wherein the carrier gas line introduces a carrier gas into the feed chamber. Each module includes a cold chamber fluidically coupled to a cold-water feed line and a cold-water return line, wherein cold water is circulated through the cold chamber. Each module further includes a membrane separating the feed chamber from the cold chamber, wherein the membrane allows transportation of vapor from the feed chamber to the cold chamber while blocking liquid from moving from the feed chamber to the cold chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties

Abstract

A method for purifying a liquid is described. A liquid feed is fed to a feed chamber. A carrier gas is fed through the liquid feed in the feed chamber to form a humidified carrier gas. A coolant is fed to a coolant chamber. The coolant chamber is separated from the feed chamber by a permeate gap chamber. The permeate gap chamber is separated from the feed chamber by a membrane that allows vapor to pass while blocking liquid flow across the membrane. The coolant chamber is separated from the permeate gap chamber by a thermally conductive plate. At least a portion of the vapor from the feed chamber that transported through the membrane is condensed by the coolant in the coolant chamber and the thermally conductive plate to form a first distillate. At least a portion of the humidified carrier gas is condensed to form a second distillate.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties

Abstract

A multi-stage sweeping gas membrane distillation (MS-SGMD) system and a method of use are provided. The MS-SGMD includes a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a feed chamber fluidically coupled to a feed line and a carrier gas line, wherein the feed line introduces a liquid feed into the feed chamber from a liquid feed tank, and wherein the carrier gas line introduces a carrier gas into the feed chamber. Each module includes a sweeping gas chamber fluidically coupled to a sweeping gas line and a sweeping gas return line, wherein a sweeping gas is passed through the sweeping gas chamber. Each module further includes a membrane separating the feed chamber from the sweeping gas chamber, wherein the membrane allows transportation of vapor from the feed chamber to the sweeping gas chamber while blocking liquid from moving from the feed chamber to the sweeping gas chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

A method for purifying a liquid is described. A liquid feed is fed to a feed chamber. A carrier gas is fed through the liquid feed in the feed chamber to form a humidified carrier gas. A coolant is fed to a coolant chamber. The coolant chamber is separated from the feed chamber by an air gap chamber. The air gap chamber is separated from the feed chamber by a membrane that allows vapor to pass while blocking liquid flow across the membrane. The coolant chamber is separated from the air gap chamber by a thermally conductive plate. At least a portion of the vapor from the feed chamber that transported through the membrane is condensed by the coolant in the coolant chamber and the thermally conductive plate to form a first distillate. At least a portion of the humidified carrier gas is condensed to form a second distillate.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

A multistage vacuum membrane distillation (MS-VMD) system including a plurality of modules is provided along with a method for using the MS-VMD. The MS-VMD system includes a feed chamber coupled to a feed line and a carrier gas line, wherein the feed line introduces a liquid feed into the feed chamber from a liquid feed tank, and wherein the carrier gas line introduces a carrier gas into the feed chamber. The MS-VMD system also includes a vacuum chamber coupled to a vacuum line, wherein the vacuum line pulls a vacuum on the vacuum chamber, and a membrane separating the feed chamber from the vacuum chamber, wherein the membrane allows transportation of vapor from the feed chamber to the vacuum chamber while blocking liquid from moving from the feed chamber to the vacuum chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties

Abstract

A method for condensing a vapor uses a multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser that includes at least a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, each with a carrier-gas inlet and outlet as well as a condensing bath and a volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath. The carrier-gas inlet of the second and third stages is in the form of a sieve plate. The first-stage condensing bath is at a temperature of 60° C. to 90° C. Carrier gas flows at a temperature above 60° C. and up to 93° C. into and through the carrier-gas inlet of the first stage, then into and through the condensing bath in the first stage, and then into and through the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in the first stage. The carrier gas then similarly flows through the second- and third-stage condensing baths, each of which is at least 5° C. cooler than the temperature of the condensing bath in the preceding stage. Additional carrier gas is injected through an intermediate-exchange inlet into the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in at least one of the first and second stages to control the heat and mass profile of the carrier gas flowing through the stages of the multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser and to thereby maintain the temperature differentials between the condensing baths in the first, second, and third stages.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
• B01F 23/231 - Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
• B01F 23/232 - Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
• B01D 3/18 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal bubble plates
• F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 3/20 - Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid
• C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation

Abstract

The disclosure relates to compositions containing alumina nanoparticles. Each alumina nanoparticle is covalently bonded to polyurethane and two different functional groups. One of the functional groups contains a fluorocarbon. The other functional group is capable of undergoing protonation. The wettability of the compositions can be altered by changes in pH. The disclosure also provides methods for synthesizing the compositions and using the compositions in oil-water separation applications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 3/22 - Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
• C08K 9/08 - Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
• C08K 9/06 - Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds

Abstract

Disclosed is a composition for a Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) including cementitious materials, water, and fine aggregate. The cementitious materials include powdered basaltic lava and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). In the composition, the basaltic lava replaces some of the ordinary Portland cement in the CLSM as compared to a conventional CLSM. The basaltic lava replaces 25% to 90% of the OPC in a conventional CLSM. The CLSM can be used as a compacted fill for structural and non-structural construction applications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 7/34 - Hydraulic lime cements; Roman cements
• C04B 7/02 - Portland cement
• C04B 14/06 - Quartz; Sand

Abstract

A composition for a fracturing fluid may include a chelating agent, a polymeric gelling agent, and a base fluid. The base fluid in the fracturing fluid composition may be a produced fluid having a hardness content of at least 7,000 ppm. Method for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation may include introducing a fracturing fluid in the hydrocarbon-bearing formation. The fracturing fluid contains a chelating agent, a polymeric gelling agent, and a base fluid. The base fluid may be a produced fluid that has a hardness content of at least 7,000 ppm. The fracturing fluid may have a viscosity of at least 200 cp at 150° F., 100 1/s shear rate, and 300 psia when tested using model 5550 HPHT rheometer. After contacting the hydrocarbon-bearing formation, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid may drop near a range of 1 cP to 5 cP.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

Multi-dimensional Rydberg fingerprint spectroscopy can be used for chemical sensing in gaseous mixtures. A pulsed laser beam having a first wavelength can be delivered to a sample using a tunable pulsed excitation laser; and a pulsed laser beam having a second wavelength can be delivered to the sample point using a tunable pulsed transition laser. The pulsed laser beam having the first wavelength and the pulsed laser beam having the second wavelength have energy sufficient to excite an electron of a sample molecule to a Rydberg state. A level of ionization or light absorption can be detected at the sample point. The level of ionization or light absorption detected and the first and second wavelengths are used to determine the presence and identity of one or more chemicals in the sample of the gaseous mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 27/66 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber and measuring current or voltage
• G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
• G01R 29/08 - Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics

Abstract

A method of treating a carbonate formation includes introducing a stimulation fluid into the carbonate formation at a pressure greater than a fracture pressure of the formation and creating openings in the carbonate formation via the stimulation fluid. Then, a fluoride salt solution, optionally including a proppant, may be introduced into the carbonate formation such that it at least partially penetrates into the openings. The fluoride salt may then be reacted with a carbonate surface in the carbonate formation to form fluorite on a surface of the formation thereby increasing a hardness of the carbonate formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/84 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents

Abstract

Compositions containing a first reactant; an emulsion comprising a surfactant and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles; and a carrier fluid containing a second reactant and methods of making. When the first and second reactants react, they generate heat. At a first time, the emulsion surrounds the first reactant, and the carrier fluid with the second reactant surrounds the emulsion. At a second time, the emulsion surrounds a first portion of the first reactant; and a second portion of the first reactant surrounds the emulsion.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 23/54 - Silicon compounds
• C09K 23/18 - Quaternary ammonium compounds
• C01B 21/02 - Preparation of nitrogen
• B01J 13/02 - Making microcapsules or microballoons
• C09K 23/38 - Alcohols, e.g. oxidation products of paraffins

Abstract

A composition and method for the removal of water from a water-containing hydrocarbon stream, and a method for the production of a metal/water-soluble polymer composite are provided. The composite includes a water-soluble polymer, such as guar gum, and a metal salt, such as aluminum nitrate or copper sulfate. The ratio of the metal salt to the water-soluble polymer is in the range from about 1:1 to about 5:1 by mass. The water-soluble polymer and the metal salt form a crosslinked material. The method for producing the metal/water-soluble polymer composite includes mixing a non-crosslinked water-soluble polymer with a metal salt and water to form a paste. The paste is then dried.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 33/04 - De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with chemical means
• C10G 25/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• C08B 37/00 - Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups ; Derivatives thereof
• B01D 15/20 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the conditioning of the sorbent material
• B01J 20/24 - Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives

Abstract

A composition and method for the removal of water from a water-containing hydrocarbon stream, and a method for the production of a metal/water-soluble polymer composite are provided. The composite includes a water-soluble polymer, such as guar gum, and a metal salt, such as aluminum nitrate or copper sulfate. The ratio of the metal salt to the water-soluble polymer is in the range from about 1 : 1 to about 5: 1 by mass. The water-soluble polymer and the metal salt form a crosslinked material. The method for producing the metal/water-soluble polymer composite includes mixing a non- crosslinked water-soluble polymer with a metal salt and water to form a paste. The paste is then dried.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/24 - Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives

Abstract

Drilling fluid compositions may include a weighting agent, a nitrite-containing compound, and an ammonium-containing compound, where the nitrite-containing compound and the ammonium-containing compound may be encapsulated together in copolymer micro-particles forming encapsulated thermochemical compounds, and where at least one property selected from the group consisting of the density, the plastic viscosity, the yield point, the gel strength, and the pH, of the drilling fluid composition may be substantially similar to the at least one property of a comparable drilling fluid composition devoid of the encapsulated thermochemical compounds. Methods for reducing a filter cake from a wellbore surface in a subterranean formation are also provided. The methods may include introducing into the wellbore the drilling fluid compositions, allowing the drilling fluid composition to reach a temperature in the wellbore sufficient for the encapsulated thermochemical compounds to react, where the reaction of the encapsulated thermochemical compounds generates heat and nitrogen gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• C09K 8/84 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 23/18 - Quaternary ammonium compounds

Abstract

A method, system, and drilling fluid for treating a wellbore for filter cake removal, including providing the drilling fluid having thermochemical reagents that are encapsulated and acid-generating material that is encapsulated into a wellbore in a subterranean formation to attack filter cake in the wellbore, and attacking the filter cake via the drilling fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/536 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• C09K 8/528 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
• C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
• C09K 8/035 - Organic additives
• E21B 37/06 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting the deposition of paraffins or like substances
• E21B 21/00 - Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor

Abstract

A method of treating a carbonate formation includes introducing a stimulation fluid into the carbonate formation at a pressure greater than a fracture pressure of the formation and creating openings in the carbonate formation via the stimulation fluid. Then, a fluoride salt solution, optionally including a proppant, may be introduced into the carbonate formation such that it at least partially penetrates into the openings. The fluoride salt may then be reacted with a carbonate surface in the carbonate formation to form fluorite on a surface of the formation thereby increasing a hardness of the carbonate formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/504 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

A method for stabilizing a wellbore includes introducing a hardening agent into the wellbore, mixing the hardening agent with a carrier fluid in the wellbore to produce a wellbore stabilizing fluid, and treating a wellbore wall of the wellbore by contacting the wellbore stabilizing fluid to a surface of the wellbore wall for at least 48 hours. A wellbore stabilizing fluid includes a hardening agent and a carrier fluid. The hardening agent is selected from one of 10 to 100 g/L of the calcium hydroxide nanocrystals, 5 to 99.9% by volume of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and 10 to 50 g/L of zinc sulfate. A stabilized wellbore includes a wellbore having a wellbore wall treated with a wellbore stabilizing fluid comprising a hardening agent. The Young's modulus of the treated wellbore wall is at least 5% higher than a Young's modulus of a non-treated wellbore wall.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/46 - Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
• C09K 8/44 - Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing organic binders only
• C04B 2/02 - Lime
• C04B 7/345 - Hydraulic cements not provided for in one of the groups
• C04B 26/32 - Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages containing silicon
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

A method, wellbore, and pill for treating a region of a subterranean formation adjacent a wellbore zone of the wellbore, including injecting a gellable treatment composition (e.g., as the pill) through the wellbore zone into the region of the subterranean formation adjacent the wellbore zone, allowing the gellable treatment composition to form nanoparticles in-situ in the region and gel in the region via heat provided by the region to prevent or reduce flow of an unwanted fluid from the region into the wellbore zone. The gellable treatment composition may include a zwitterionic gemini surfactant (ZGS).

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/508 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

Atomically thin layers including pores, their method of manufacture, and their use are disclosed. In some embodiments, pores may be formed in an atomically thin layer by growing the atomically thin layer on exposed portions of a substrate that includes islands comprising a material that is different than the material of the substrate. In some embodiments, pores and/or defects may be formed in an atomically thin layer by employing growth conditions that promote the formation of defects and/or pores. In certain embodiments, pores and/or defects may be etched to enlarge their size.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/186 - Preparation by chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
• C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
• C23C 16/26 - Deposition of carbon only
• C23C 16/56 - After-treatment

Abstract

An acid mixture includes hydrochloric acid, a monoamine corrosion inhibitor, and at least one of a diamine corrosion inhibitor and an acid additive. A method for inhibiting corrosion in an acid treatment operation includes introducing an acid mixture comprising hydrochloric acid and a monoamine corrosion inhibitor into at least one of a subterranean formation and subterranean wellbore. The method also includes maintaining the amount of the monoamine corrosion inhibitor in the acid mixture in the subterranean formation and/or the subterranean wellbore in a range of 10 ppm to 400 ppm for the duration of the acid treatment operation. The corrosion rate of steel parts of an acidic fluid circulation system in the acid mixture may be within an acceptable corrosion rate in a temperature range of 20° C. to 135° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/74 - Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes
• C09K 8/54 - Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
• E21B 37/06 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting the deposition of paraffins or like substances
• E21B 43/27 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures by use of eroding chemicals, e.g. acids

Abstract

Provided herein are compositions comprising a plurality of nanoparticles and methods of preparing the same.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• C07F 7/04 - Esters of silicic acids

Abstract

Provided herein are coated articles comprising a foam and a coating comprising silanized nanoclay, and methods of preparing the same.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/26 - Synthetic macromolecular compounds
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating
• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• C02F 1/40 - Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material

Abstract

A fracturing fluid may include a first surfactant and a second surfactant. The first surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I): wherein m is an integer ranging from 2 to 3, and n, o, and k are each, independently, integers ranging from 2 to 10. The second surfactant having a structure represented by Formula (II): 10 hydrocarbon group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. Methods of treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation include injecting the fracturing fluid in the hydrocarbon-bearing formation, the fracturing fluid being configured to transport a proppant in fractures of the hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open

Abstract

A wellbore fluid including a first surfactant, a second surfactant, an activator and an aqueous base fluid is provided. The first surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (I): 4 are each, independently, a sulfonate, a carboxylate, an ester or a hydroxyl group, m is an integer ranging from 2 to 3, and n, o, and k are each, independently, integers ranging from 2 to 10. The second surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (III): 10 hydrocarbon group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. A method of using the wellbore fluid for treating a hydrocarbon-containing formation is also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• E21B 43/27 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures by use of eroding chemicals, e.g. acids

Abstract

A wellbore fluid including a first surfactant, a second surfactant, an activator and an aqueous base fluid is provided. The first surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (I): 4 are each, independently, a sulfonate, a carboxylate, an ester or a hydroxyl group, m is an integer ranging from 2 to 3, and n, o, and k are each, independently, integers ranging from 2 to 10. The second surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (III): 10 hydrocarbon group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. A method of using the wellbore fluid for treating a hydrocarbon-containing formation is also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• C09K 8/84 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents

Abstract

A wellbore fluid including a first surfactant, a second surfactant, an activator and an aqueous base fluid is provided. The first surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (I): where m is an integer ranging from 2 to 3, and n, o, and k are each, independently, integers ranging from 2 to 10. The second surfactant has a structure represented by Formula (III): 10 hydrocarbon group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. A method for treating a hydrocarbon-containing formation with the wellbore fluid is also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• C09K 8/84 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents

Abstract

2-n-dodecylamine)]. Trace amounts of an oxygen and nitrogen functional group may be coupled to the graphene core. Further provided is a method that may include introducing alkylamine modified graphene into a hydrocarbon-contaminated water. The method may further include separating a hydrocarbon-absorbed alkylamine modified graphene from the recovered water. Further provided is a system that may include a holding tank, a pump, a membrane housing, and a collection tank. The membrane housing may include membranes and a filtration media.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/194 - After-treatment
• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• C02F 101/32 - Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
• C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds

Abstract

A composition for inhibiting corrosion in hydrocarbon wells includes a pyranopyrazole derivative. The pyranopyrazole derivative includes a pyrazole moiety, a dihydropyran moiety, and a phenyl moiety. The dihydropyran moiety is bound to the pyrazole moiety. The phenyl moiety is bound to the dihydropyran moiety. The composition can be flowed into a wellbore formed in a subterranean formation, thereby inhibiting corrosion in the wellbore.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/52 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning

Abstract

A composition for inhibiting corrosion in gas wells includes a pyrazolopyridine derivative. The pyrazolopyridine derivative includes a pyridyl moiety, a first pyrazole moiety, a second pyrazole moiety, and a phenyl moiety. The first pyrazole moiety is bound to the pyridyl moiety. The second pyrazole moiety is bound to the pyridyl moiety. The phenyl moiety is bound to the pyridyl moiety. The composition can be flowed into a wellbore formed in a subterranean formation, thereby inhibiting corrosion in the wellbore.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23F 11/14 - Nitrogen-containing compounds
• C07D 471/14 - Ortho-condensed systems
• C09K 8/54 - Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells

Abstract

A system for a first digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit may include an OP-AMP, a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA), a voltage buffer, two resistors, and a capacitor. The first digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit allows adjustment of an equivalent inductance value (CR1R2/A) through programming a digitally controlled current gain (A) of the DCCA. A system for a second digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit includes an OP-AMP, a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA), a dual output current follower (CF), an active current division network (CDN), two resistors, and a capacitor. The second digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit allows adjustment of an equivalent inductance value (CR1R2/αA) via programming the active CDN and the DCCA.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/3308 - Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking using simulation
• G01R 31/72 - Testing of electric windings

Abstract

Compositions and methods of forming compositions for a controlled low strength material (CLSM) comprising heavy oil fuel ash (HOFA) and recycled concrete powder (RCP) waste with natural and recycled aggregates and water are provided. In some embodiments, small quantities of Portland cement are also utilized. The recycled concrete powder contains primarily calcite and quartz. The CLSM can be used as a flowable compacted fill in structural and non-structural construction applications.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/08 - Flue dust
• C04B 18/16 - Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
• C04B 7/02 - Portland cement

Abstract

A controlled low strength material has constituents that include a cement, an aggregate, and a water. The aggregate includes concrete demolition waste. The controlled low strength material has a compressive strength that does not exceed 8.3 MPa, measured at 28 days. The controlled low strength material can alternately include a heavy oil fuel ash and the controlled low strength material can have a compressive strength that does not exceed 2.10 MPa, measured at 28 days.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/16 - Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases

Abstract

A method of automatic optimization of ROP. The method obtains a plurality of drilling surface parameters for a field of interest, and determines an UCS data and a MSE data for a targeted formation based on well logs. The method further trains a ML model using the drilling surface parameters as inputs, and outputs a plurality of weights for drilling parameters in a ROP equation and in a Teale's MSE equation for the field of interest. The method further combines the ML ROP equation with the Teale's MSE equation to determine a plurality of optimum drilling parameters by simultaneously solving the set of ML ROP equation and the Teale's MSE equation. Furthermore, the method generates a work order to adjust the drilling parameters and cause display of the work order and the determined optimum drilling parameters in a user interface of a client device.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• E21B 44/02 - Automatic control of the tool feed
• E21B 45/00 - Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
• G06N 20/00 - Machine learning

Abstract

According to one or more embodiments, non-agglomerated, nano-sized ZSM-22 zeolites may be synthesized by methods comprising operating a mechanical rotation drum unit at a first temperature of from 40° C. to 60° C. and a first speed of from 200 rpm to 1000 rpm for a first time period of from 1.3 hours to 2.7 hours; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a second speed of from 30 rpm to 90 rpm for a second time period of from 0.05 hours to 0.4 hours; heating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a ramping temperature of from 8° C./minute to 12° C./minute to a second temperature of from 115° C. to 185° C. at the second speed; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at the second temperature and the second speed for a third time period of from 30 hours to 90 hours; and cooling the mechanical rotation drum unit at a fourth speed of 0 rpm.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
• B01J 19/28 - Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 37/04 - Mixing
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C10G 11/05 - Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
• C01B 39/46 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition

Abstract

A current-mode Schmitt Trigger (200) includes a plurality of current output stages (201A-C) connected to a common supply voltage that powers the current-mode Schmitt Trigger, a main input on one of the current output stages (201a) that receives an input current (li), and a non-inverting output (lop) on a different one of the current output stages (201B) that is shorted to the main input (li) to establish a positive closed-loop feedback (If) and supplies a non-inverting output current (lop) as the input current. The current-mode Schmitt Trigger includes only active components.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 3/2897 - Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger with an input circuit of differential configuration

Abstract

A square wave oscillator includes a Schmitt Trigger (101) with a first output that outputs a first output current, a capacitor (103) connected to the first output of the Schmitt Trigger (101), and a resistor (105) that connects the capacitor (103) to an input of the Schmitt Trigger (101) to form a closed-loop negative feedback. The closed-loop negative feedback sustains an oscillation of the square wave oscillator and causes a frequency and an amplitude of the oscillation to be independent of a supply voltage of the Schmitt Trigger (101).

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 3/011 - Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature
• H03B 5/04 - Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
• H03B 5/24 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
• H03K 3/2897 - Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger with an input circuit of differential configuration

Abstract

A method may include obtaining, in real-time, well data regarding a wellbore and drilling fluid data regarding drilling fluid circulating in the wellbore. The method may further include determining, based on the drilling fluid data, a plastic viscosity (PV) value and a yield point (YP) value regarding the drilling fluid. The method may further include determining, based on the well data and the drilling fluid data, an equivalent circulating density (ECD) value of an annulus of the wellbore. The method may further include determining a hole cleaning efficiency (HCE) value based on a hole cleaning model, the PV value, the YP value, and the ECD value. The method may further include determining an adjusted rate of penetration (ROP) value for a drilling operation in the wellbore based on the HCE value and a current ROP value. The method may further include transmitting a command to a drilling system that produces the adjusted ROP value in the drilling operation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• E21B 47/12 - Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
• E21B 37/00 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
• E21B 21/08 - Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure

Abstract

A method may include obtaining, in real-time, well data (113) regarding a wellbore and drilling fluid data (111) regarding drilling fluid circulating in the wellbore. The method may further include determining, based on the drilling fluid data (111), a plastic viscosity, or PV, value and a yield point, or YP, value regarding the drilling fluid. The method may further include determining, based on the well data and the drilling fluid data (111), an equivalent circulating density, or ECD, value of an annulus of the wellbore. The method may further include determining a hole cleaning efficiency, or HCE, value based on a hole cleaning model, the PV value, the YP value, and the ECD value. The method may further include determining an adjusted rate of penetration, or ROP, value for a drilling operation in the wellbore based on the HCE value and a current ROP value. The method may further include transmitting a command to a drilling system (120) that produces the adjusted ROP value in the drilling operation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 21/08 - Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions

Abstract

A digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier includes: a single capacitor directly connected at one end to an input voltage and at another end to a negative input of an operational amplifier; the operational amplifier including a negative feedback loop; and a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA) connected to an output of the operational amplifier. The DCCA digitally controls the digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier. The digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier comprises only two active devices consisting of the operational amplifier and the DCCA.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03F 3/45 - Differential amplifiers

Abstract

A method for forming an atomically smooth surface on a copper electrode through electropolishing and the atomically smooth surface are provided. An exemplary method for forming an atomically smooth surface by electropolishing includes placing a copper foil in an electrolyte solution including ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid. The copper foil is coupled to a current source. Current is applied to the copper foil to electropolish the copper foil. The electropolishing is stopped when the electropolishing is completed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 3/26 - Reduction of carbon dioxide
• C25D 5/34 - Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
• C25D 5/00 - Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
• C25F 3/16 - Polishing

Abstract

A method and an electrocatalytic electrode for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to methanol are provided. An exemplary electrocatalytic electrode includes copper (I) oxide crystals electrodeposited over an atomically smooth copper electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 3/07 - Oxygen containing compounds
• C25B 3/26 - Reduction of carbon dioxide
• C25B 11/052 - Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
• C25B 11/075 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
• C25D 3/38 - Electroplating; Baths therefor from solutions of copper
• C25F 3/18 - Polishing of light metals

Abstract

A method for forming an atomically smooth surface on a copper electrode through electropolishing and the atomically smooth surface are provided. An exemplary method for forming an atomically smooth surface by electropolishing includes placing a copper foil in an electrolyte solution including ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid. The copper foil is coupled to a current source. Current is applied to the copper foil to electropolish the copper foil. The electropolishing is stopped when the electropolishing is completed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25F 3/22 - Polishing of heavy metals
• C25B 3/26 - Reduction of carbon dioxide
• C25B 11/042 - Electrodes formed of a single material

Abstract

A method and an electrocatalytic electrode for electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to methanol are provided. An exemplary electrocatalytic electrode includes copper (I) oxide crystals electrodeposited over an atomically smooth copper electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 3/26 - Reduction of carbon dioxide
• C25B 11/052 - Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
• C25B 11/055 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
• C25B 11/061 - Metal or alloy
• C25B 11/075 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
• C25D 5/34 - Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
• C25D 5/00 - Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
• C25D 7/06 - Wires; Strips; Foils
• C25D 9/00 - Electrolytic coating other than with metals
• C25F 3/16 - Polishing

Abstract

A current-mode Schmitt Trigger includes a plurality of current output stages connected to a common supply voltage that powers the current-mode Schmitt Trigger, a main input on one of the current output stages that receives an input current, and a non-inverting output on a different one of the current output stages that is shorted to the main input to establish a positive closed-loop feedback and supplies a non-inverting output current as the input current. The current-mode Schmitt Trigger includes only active components.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 3/00 - Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
• H03K 3/2897 - Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger with an input circuit of differential configuration
• G05F 1/56 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
• H03F 3/45 - Differential amplifiers
• G05F 3/26 - Current mirrors
• H03K 5/24 - Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude

Abstract

A square wave oscillator includes a Schmitt Trigger with a first output that outputs a first output current, a capacitor connected to the first output of the Schmitt Trigger, and a resistor that connects the capacitor to an input of the Schmitt Trigger to form a closed-loop negative feedback. The closed-loop negative feedback sustains an oscillation of the square wave oscillator and causes a frequency and an amplitude of the oscillation to be independent of a supply voltage of the Schmitt Trigger.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03B 5/04 - Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. power supply, load, temperature
• H03B 5/24 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
• H03K 3/011 - Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature

Abstract

Polymer-based membranes and methods for fabricating membranes are described. The methods include forming a casting solution featuring a plurality of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based solvent, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based modifying agent, dispersing the casting solution to form a first element, generating a plurality of active sites on a surface of the first element, and forming a polymer-based membrane by exposing the surface of the first element to a fluorosilane composition to form a fluorosilane layer on the surface, where the fluorosilane composition includes a silane compound having at least one alkyl substituent that includes between 9 and 21 fluorine atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• B01D 71/78 - Graft polymers
• B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 71/34 - Polyvinylidene fluoride

Abstract

Polymer-based membranes and methods for fabricating membranes are described. The methods include forming a casting solution featuring a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based solvent and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based modifying agent, dispersing the casting solution to form a first element, generating a plurality of active sites on a surface of the first element, and forming a polymer-based membrane by exposing the surface of the first element to a fluorosilane composition to form a fluorosilane layer on the surface, where the fluorosilane composition includes a silane compound having at least one alkyl substituent that includes between 9 and 21 fluorine atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
• B01D 71/34 - Polyvinylidene fluoride
• B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
• C02F 103/08 - Seawater, e.g. for desalination

Abstract

A membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing and an impeller. The housing includes a hot medium compartment, a cold medium compartment, a permeate gap compartment, a membrane, and a thermally conductive plate. The hot medium compartment includes a hot medium inlet configured to receive a hot medium stream including water. The cold medium compartment includes a cold medium inlet configured to receive a cold medium stream. The membrane defines pores that are sized to allow water vapor originating from the hot medium stream to pass from the hot medium compartment through the membrane to the permeate gap compartment. The thermally conductive plate and the cold medium stream are cooperatively configured to condense the water vapor from the hot medium stream. The permeate gap compartment includes a permeate outlet configured to discharge the condensed water vapor. The impeller is disposed within the permeate gap compartment.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation

Abstract

A membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing and an impeller. The housing includes a hot medium compartment, a cold medium compartment, an air gap compartment, a membrane, and a thermally conductive plate. The hot medium compartment includes a hot medium inlet configured to receive a hot medium stream including water. The cold medium compartment includes a cold medium inlet configured to receive a cold medium stream. The membrane defines pores that are sized to allow water vapor originating from the hot medium stream to pass from the hot medium compartment through the membrane to the air gap compartment. The thermally conductive plate and the cold medium stream are cooperatively configured to condense the water vapor from the hot medium stream. The air gap compartment is substantially filled with air and includes a permeate outlet configured to discharge the condensed water vapor. The impeller is disposed within the air gap compartment.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/36 - Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

Polymer-based membranes and methods for fabricating membranes are described. The methods include forming a casting solution featuring a plurality of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based solvent, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based modifying agent, dispersing the casting solution to form a first element, generating a plurality of active sites on a surface of the first element, and forming a polymer-based membrane by exposing the surface of the first element to a fluorosilane composition to form a fluorosilane layer on the surface, where the fluorosilane composition includes a silane compound having at least one alkyl substituent that includes between 9 and 21 fluorine atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 71/34 - Polyvinylidene fluoride
• B01D 71/44 - Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups
• B01D 69/14 - Dynamic membranes
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material

Abstract

Palladium catalysts, methods of synthesizing palladium-carbene catalysts, and methods of producing chromones and aurones using palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts are provided. In some implementations, the palladium catalysts include a bridged palladium catalyst with distorted square planar geometry around the center palladium atom. The catalysts can be used in cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira crosscoupling reactions to produce chromones and aurones at a high yield. The selectivity of the catalysts can be adjusted by adjusting reaction conditions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• C07D 311/22 - Benzo [b] pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
• C07D 307/83 - Oxygen atoms

Abstract

Methods for preparing alkenylphenone corrosion inhibiting compositions may include providing an arylacetone and reacting the arylacetone with formaldehyde in the presence of a strong base catalyst. Corrosion inhibiting compositions may include an alkenylphenone, which may be prepared by a method including providing an arylacetone and reacting the arylacetone with formaldehyde in the presence of a strong base catalyst. Methods of inhibiting corrosion of a steel surface of an oilfield equipment component may include contacting the steel surface with an aqueous solution comprising a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor may include a composition containing an alkenylphenone prepared by reacting an arylacetone with formaldehyde in the presence of a strong base catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/54 - Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
• C23F 11/04 - Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in markedly acid liquids

Abstract

Polymer-based membranes and methods for fabricating membranes are described. The methods include forming a casting solution featuring a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based solvent and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based modifying agent, dispersing the casting solution to form a first element, generating a plurality of active sites on a surface of the first element, and forming a polymer-based membrane by exposing the surface of the first element to a fluorosilane composition to form a fluorosilane layer on the surface, where the fluorosilane composition includes a silane compound having at least one alkyl substituent that includes between 9 and 21 fluorine atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
• B01D 69/14 - Dynamic membranes
• B01D 71/34 - Polyvinylidene fluoride
• B01D 71/44 - Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material

Abstract

A membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing and an impeller. The housing includes a hot medium compartment, a cold medium compartment, a permeate gap compartment, a membrane, and a thermally conductive plate. The hot medium compartment includes a hot medium inlet configured to receive a hot medium stream including water. The cold medium compartment includes a cold medium inlet configured to receive a cold medium stream. The membrane defines pores that are sized to allow water vapor originating from the hot medium stream to pass from the hot medium compartment through the membrane to the permeate gap compartment. The thermally conductive plate and the cold medium stream are cooperatively configured to condense the water vapor from the hot medium stream. The permeate gap compartment includes a permeate outlet configured to discharge the condensed water vapor. The impeller is disposed within the permeate gap compartment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

Systems for generating stable emulsions may employ one or more liquid-liquid ejectors for mixing the oil with water through motive and suction streams to produce the emulsion as a discharge stream. One or more motive tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more motive tanks may supply the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors with a motive fluid. One or more suction tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more suction tanks may supply the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors with a suction fluid. One or more discharge tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more discharge tanks may collect an emulsion from the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors. Additionally, a flow line coupled to the one or more discharge tanks may feed the emulsions into a formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• B01F 23/41 - Emulsifying
• B01F 23/451 - Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting one liquid into another
• B01F 25/30 - Injector mixers

Abstract

Systems for generating stable emulsions may employ one or more liquid-liquid ejectors for mixing the oil with water through motive and suction streams to produce the emulsion as a discharge stream. One or more motive tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more motive tanks may supply the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors with a motive fluid. One or more suction tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more suction tanks may supply the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors with a suction fluid. One or more discharge tanks may be fluidly coupled to the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors; the one or more discharge tanks may collect an emulsion from the one or more liquid-liquid ejectors. Additionally, a flow line coupled to the one or more discharge tanks may feed the emulsions into a formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/58 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons

Abstract

Multi-dimensional Rydberg fingerprint spectroscopy can be used for chemical sensing in gaseous mixtures. A pulsed laser beam having a first wavelength can be delivered to a sample using a tunable pulsed excitation laser; and a pulsed laser beam having a second wavelength can be delivered to the sample point using a tunable pulsed transition laser. The pulsed laser beam having the first wavelength and the pulsed laser beam having the second wavelength have energy sufficient to excite an electron of a sample molecule to a Rydberg state. A level of ionization or light absorption can be detected at the sample point. The level of ionization or light absorption detected and the first and second wavelengths are used to determine the presence and identity of one or more chemicals in the sample of the gaseous mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
• G01N 21/39 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
• H01J 27/24 - Ion sources; Ion guns using photo-ionisation, e.g. using laser beam
• H01J 49/16 - Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission

Abstract

This disclosure relates to N-substituted Pd(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Sonogashira coupling reactions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07B 41/06 - Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of carbonyl groups
• C07D 235/00 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System

Abstract

This disclosure relates to bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System

Abstract

This disclosure relates to N-substituted Pd(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Sonogashira coupling reactions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/49 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
• C07C 201/12 - Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
• C07D 307/58 - One oxygen atom, e.g. butenolide
• C07F 15/06 - Cobalt compounds
• B01J 31/22 - Organic complexes
• C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System

Abstract

A fracture geometry mapping method includes determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in a first direction in a first rock sample from a subterranean formation with one or more hardware processors; determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in a second direction in the first rock sample from the subterranean formation with the one or more hardware processors, the second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the first rock sample; determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in third direction in the first rock sample from the subterranean formation with the one or more hardware processors, the third direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction in the first rock sample; comparing the values of the diffusive tortuosities in the in the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction; and based on the comparison, generating a first fracture network map of the subterranean formation, the first fracture network map including a first plurality of anisotropic fracture pathways.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• E21B 49/02 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
• G01V 3/32 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
• E21B 47/002 - Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
• E21B 47/26 - Storing data down-hole, e.g. in a memory or on a record carrier
• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

A fracture geometry mapping method includes determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in a first direction in a first rock sample from a subterranean formation with one or more hardware processors; determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in a second direction in the first rock sample from the subterranean formation with the one or more hardware processors, the second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the first rock sample; determining a value of a diffusive tortuosity in third direction in the first rock sample from the subterranean formation with the one or more hardware processors, the third direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction in the first rock sample; comparing the values of the diffusive tortuosities in the in the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction; and based on the comparison, generating a first fracture network map of the subterranean formation, the first fracture network map including a first plurality of anisotropic fracture pathways.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 3/32 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• G01N 24/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract

A thrust balancing apparatus for a pump includes a housing, a balancing chamber, a connecting tube, a balancing disk, a bushing, a washer, and a pair of upthrust washers. The balancing chamber defines an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The connecting tube is configured to establish fluid communication between the balancing chamber and an exterior of the housing. A first portion of the balancing disk is disposed within the upper cavity. A second portion of the balancing disk passes through the lower cavity. A third portion of the balancing disk is external to the balancing chamber. The washer is disposed between the balancing disk and the bushing. The pair of upthrust washers are disposed between the balancing disk and the balancing chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04D 29/041 - Axial thrust balancing
• F04D 29/043 - Shafts

Abstract

A thrust balancing apparatus for a pump includes a housing, a balancing chamber, a connecting tube, a balancing disk, a bushing, a washer, and a pair of upthrust washers. The balancing chamber defines an upper cavity and a lower cavity. The connecting tube is configured to establish fluid communication between the balancing chamber and an exterior of the housing. A first portion of the balancing disk is disposed within the upper cavity. A second portion of the balancing disk passes through the lower cavity. A third portion of the balancing disk is external to the balancing chamber. The washer is disposed between the balancing disk and the bushing. The pair of upthrust washers are disposed between the balancing disk and the balancing chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04D 29/041 - Axial thrust balancing
• E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
• F04D 13/08 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use
• F04D 13/10 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes
• F04D 29/043 - Shafts

Abstract

Palladium catalysts, methods of synthesizing palladium-carbene catalysts, and methods of producing chromones and aurones using palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts are provided. In some implementations, the palladium catalysts include a bridged palladium catalyst with distorted square planar geometry around the center palladium atom. The catalysts can be used in cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions to produce chromones and aurones at a high yield. The selectivity of the catalysts can be adjusted by adjusting reaction conditions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
• B01J 31/30 - Halides
• B01J 37/22 - Halogenating

Abstract

A wellbore fluid may include a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, an activator, and an aqueous base fluid. The gemini surfactant may have a stmcture represented by formula (I) where R1110nn is an integer ranging from 8 to 12.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

In one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to wellbore fluids that include a surfactant, calcium chloride, and an aqueous base fluid. The surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I) where R1152727 hydrocarbon group, R211010 hydrocarbon group, and n and m are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4. The wellbore fluid may contain the calcium chloride in an amount of 5 % by weight (wt.%) or more, relative to the total weight of the wellbore fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/74 - Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes

Abstract

A wellbore fluid may include a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant; an activator, and an aqueous base fluid. The gemini surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I) where R1166 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R2110mm is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Abstract

A wellbore fluid may include a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, an activator, and an aqueous base fluid. The gemini surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I): 10 hydrocarbon group, m and o are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4, and n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 33/04 - Acyclic alcohols with carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
• C09K 8/584 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
• C09K 8/74 - Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes
• E21B 43/27 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures by use of eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons

Abstract

A wellbore fluid may include a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant; an activator, and an aqueous base fluid. The gemini surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I): 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/60 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
• E21B 43/27 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures by use of eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
• C09K 8/74 - Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes

Abstract

This disclosure relates to bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes, methods of preparing the complexes, and methods of using the complexes in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System

Abstract

A method for stimulating a well includes mixing at least one thermochemical with fracturing fluid to create a fracturing fluid mixture, injecting the fracturing fluid mixture into the well, creating an exothermic reaction with the fracturing fluid mixture, generating a pressure pulse in the well from the exothermic reaction, and fracturing a formation around the well with pressure from the pressure pulse and a hydraulic pressure source.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/66 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents

Abstract

A method for stimulating a well includes mixing at least one thermochemical with fracturing fluid to create a fracturing fluid mixture, injecting the fracturing fluid mixture into the well, creating an exothermic reaction with the fracturing fluid mixture, generating a pressure pulse in the well from the exothermic reaction, and fracturing a formation around the well with pressure from the pressure pulse and a hydraulic pressure source. A method for stimulating a well includes mixing at least one thermochemical with fracturing fluid to create a fracturing fluid mixture, injecting the fracturing fluid mixture into the well, creating an exothermic reaction with the fracturing fluid mixture, generating a pressure pulse in the well from the exothermic reaction, and fracturing a formation around the well with pressure from the pressure pulse and a hydraulic pressure source.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection

Abstract

A method for the simultaneous removal of filter cake from a wellbore and fracturing of the wellbore using a mixture including a chelating agent and a thermochemical. The method including feeding a mixture into the wellbore, contacting the filter cake with the mixture, reacting the chelating agent and the thermochemical to produce heat and pressure, removing the filter cake from the wellbore, and creating microfractures in the wellbore using pressure produced from the reacting.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/536 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• C09K 8/66 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• E21B 37/00 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells

Abstract

A method for the simultaneous removal of filter cake from a wellbore and fracturing of the wellbore using a mixture including a chelating agent and a thermochemical. The method including feeding a mixture into the wellbore, contacting the filter cake with the mixture, reacting the chelating agent and the thermochemical to produce heat and pressure, removing the filter cake from the wellbore, and creating microfractures in the wellbore using pressure produced from the reacting.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/52 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
• C09K 8/66 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
• C09K 8/84 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 8/86 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds

Abstract

A water-based wellbore fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group. One of the one or more substituents may be a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/22 - Synthetic organic compounds

Abstract

A water-based wellbore fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group. One of the one or more substituents may be a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/22 - Synthetic organic compounds

Abstract

A water-based wellbore fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a modified graphene shale inhibitor that comprises one or more substituents that are covalently bonded to graphene via a linking group. One of the one or more substituents may be a hydrocarbon group that has a number of carbon atoms in the range from 8 to 14.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/22 - Synthetic organic compounds
• C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
• C01B 32/23 - Oxidation

Abstract

A pump assembly includes multiple impeller stages, each impeller stage including at least one impeller vane. At least one impeller stage includes at least one impeller vane with at least one perforation disposed therethrough.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04D 19/02 - Multi-stage pumps
• F04D 25/06 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
• F04D 1/06 - Multi-stage pumps
• F04D 13/10 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes
• F04D 29/68 - Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration, or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
• F04D 29/24 - Vanes

Abstract

A method for ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of introducing an ammonia stream to a reactor, wherein the ammonia stream comprises ammonia, wherein the reactor comprises a cobalt-based catalyst, the cobalt-based catalyst comprising 15 wt% and 70 wt% of cobalt, 5 wt% and 45 wt% of cerium, and 0.4 wt% and 0.5 wt% barium, wherein a remainder of weight of the cobalt-based catalyst is oxygen; contacting the ammonia in the ammonia stream with the cobalt-based catalyst, wherein the cobalt-based catalyst is operable to catalyze an ammonia decomposition reaction; catalyzing the ammonia decomposition reaction to cause the ammonia decomposition in the presence of the cobalt-based catalyst to produce hydrogen; and withdrawing a product stream from the reactor, the product stream comprising hydrogen.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
• B01J 23/75 - Cobalt
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/03 - Precipitation; Co-precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C01G 51/00 - Compounds of cobalt
• C01B 21/02 - Preparation of nitrogen
• B01J 37/06 - Washing

Abstract

A method for producing a hydrogen rich gas from a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of introducing the hydrocarbon feed to a reactor, the reactor comprising a low temperature reforming catalyst, the low temperature reforming catalyst comprising an amount of praseodymium, 12 wt % nickel, and an aluminum oxide component, contacting the low temperature reforming catalyst with the hydrocarbon feed in the reactor, wherein the reactor operates at a temperature between 500° C. and 600° C., wherein the reactor operates at a pressure between 3 bar and 40 bar, and producing the hydrogen rich gas over the low temperature reforming catalyst, wherein the hydrogen rich gas comprises hydrogen.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst

Abstract

A process for producing a hydrogen-rich gas stream from a liquid hydrocarbon stream, the process comprising the steps of introducing the liquid hydrocarbon stream to a dual catalytic zone, the liquid hydrocarbon stream comprises liquid hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and combinations of the same, the dual catalytic zone comprises: a combustion zone comprising a seven component catalyst, and a steam reforming zone, the steam reforming zone comprising a steam reforming catalyst; introducing steam to the dual catalytic zone, introducing an oxygen-rich gas to the dual catalytic zone; contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream, steam, and oxygen-rich gas with the seven component catalyst to produce a combustion zone fluid; and contacting the combustion zone fluid with the steam reforming catalyst to produce the hydrogen-rich gas stream, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas stream comprises hydrogen.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
• B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
• B01J 23/89 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts

Abstract

Processes for aromatizing hydrocarbons include contacting the hydrocarbons with a catalyst composition comprising a metal oxide dispersed on a surface of a zeolite support, where contacting the hydrocarbons with the catalyst composition causes at least a portion of the hydrocarbons to undergo a chemical reaction to form aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst composition is prepared by a synthesis process that includes combining the zeolite support with a hydrocarbon solvent to form a zeolite mixture, where the hydrocarbon solvent pre-wets the pores of the zeolite support. The synthesis process further includes combining a polar solvent comprising a metal salt with the zeolite mixture to form an impregnated zeolite support. The synthesis process also includes drying the impregnated zeolite support and calcining the impregnated zeolite support to convert the metal salt to the metal oxide, thereby forming the catalyst composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/76 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
• B01J 23/08 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of gallium, indium or thallium
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment

Abstract

Compositions, systems, and methods for hydraulically fracturing a hydrocarbon-bearing formation, a method including injecting into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation under increased pressure a heavy oil fracturing fluid; allowing the heavy oil fracturing fluid to remain in situ for a period of time suitable to create fractures in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir, the heavy oil fracturing fluid operable to undergo an at least about 70% viscosity decrease in situ; and flowing back the heavy oil fracturing fluid to the surface without damaging the hydrocarbon-bearing formation or reducing production of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/64 - Oil-based compositions
• G01N 3/12 - Pressure-testing

Abstract

A system and method for storing molten sulfur includes a reinforced concrete vessel, the reinforced concrete vessel being subterranean. The vessel has a floor (104) that is a raft footing formed of reinforced concrete and has a floor interior surface. The vessel also has a ceiling that is a slab (108) of reinforced concrete and has a ceiling interior surface. Sidewalls (112) of the vessel extend between the floor and the ceiling and are formed of reinforced concrete, each sidewall having a sidewall interior surface. A liner (130) is bonded to the floor interior surface, the ceiling interior surface, and each sidewall interior surface. The liner formed of an epoxy vinyl ester resin, and a glass fiber sheet embedded in the epoxy vinyl ester resin.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04H 7/18 - Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
• B65D 90/02 - Wall construction

Abstract

Systems and methods for production of consistently- sized ZSM-22 zeolite catalyst crystals, a method including preparing an aluminate solution; preparing a silica solution; mixing the aluminate solution and the silica solution to form a zeolite-forming solution; heating the zeolite solution with microwave irradiation in a first, a second, a third, and a fourth distinct isothermal stage to produce the consistently- sized ZSM-22 zeolite catalyst crystals within a pre-selected crystal size range using a non-ionic surfactant.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties

Abstract

Methods and systems for production of consistently- sized BEA zeolite nano-crystals, the method including mixing an emulsion, the emulsion comprising a surfactant and an organic solvent; heating the emulsion; mixing a zeolite solution, the zeolite solution comprising a silicon-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound; heating the zeolite solution; adding the emulsion to the zeolite solution drop-wise over time to create an zeolite emulsion solution mixture; heating the zeolite emulsion solution mixture; and precipitating the consistently-sized BEA zeolite nano-crystals.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent

Abstract

Systems and methods for production of externally-pore-blocked, internally-pore-opened modified zeolite crystals, the method including mixing zeolite crystals with an organic pore blocking agent; heating the zeolite crystals mixed with the organic pore blocking agent to block internal pores of the zeolite crystals and produce internally-pore-blocked zeolite crystals; mixing the internallypore- blocked zeolite crystals with an external pore blocking agent; and calcining the internallypore- blocked zeolite crystals mixed with the external pore blocking agent, to re-open internal pores via decomposition of the organic pore blocking agent and to block external pores via formation of a silica layer over external pores of the zeolite crystals, forming the externally-pore-blocked, internally-pore-opened modified zeolite crystals.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
• B01J 29/00 - Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
• C07C 4/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms

Abstract

Methods and systems for production of consistently- sized BEA zeolite nano-crystals incorporating at least one metal oxide, the method including removing an organic template from a BEA zeolite comprising an organic template via calcination; desilicating the BEA zeolite following the step of removing the organic template; incorporating at least one metal oxide into the structure of the BEA zeolite after the step of desilicating; protonating the BEA zeolite after the step of incorporating the at least one metal oxide; and calcining the BEA zeolite after the step of protonating to form a modified BEA zeolite product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
• C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent

Abstract

Two-dimensional material based filters, their method of manufacture, and their use are disclosed. In one embodiment, a membrane may include an active layer including a plurality of defects and a deposited material associated with the plurality of defects may reduce flow therethrough. Additionally, a majority of the active layer may be free from the material. In another embodiment, a membrane may include a porous substrate and an atomic layer deposited material disposed on a surface of the porous substrate. The atomic layer deposited material may be less hydrophilic than the porous substrate and an atomically thin active layer may be disposed on the atomic layer deposited material.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 65/00 - Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
• B01D 65/10 - Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes

Abstract

Copolymers having General Formula (I): 1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/10 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
• C08G 73/02 - Polyamines
• C08G 73/10 - Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• C08K 5/01 - Hydrocarbons
• C08K 5/04 - Oxygen-containing compounds
• C08K 5/07 - Aldehydes; Ketones
• C08K 5/16 - Nitrogen-containing compounds
• C08K 5/34 - Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
• C08K 5/36 - Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds

Abstract

Copolymers having General Formula (I): 2, x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.1 to 0.9, y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.1 to 0.9, and z is a molar fraction range chosen from 0 to 0.8, where the summation of x, y, and z equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates include contacting a fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I).

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/52 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
• C08F 226/06 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
• C08F 220/54 - Amides
• C08F 220/58 - Amides containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen