C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C02F 11/04 - Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
A method of producing hydrogen that uses at least two batches of biomethane, where at least two of the biomethanes are from different sources, are produced from different feedstocks, are produced from different processes, and/or have different carbon intensities. The at least two batches of biomethane are distributed such that at least a portion of the first batch distributed to the feedstock, at least a portion of the second batch distributed to the fuel, and such that at least one of the biomethanes is distributed disproportionally between feedstock and fuel and/or such that biomethane in the feedstock has a different fractional make-up than biomethane in the fuel.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
A process and/or system for producing hydrogen or fuel, fuel intermediate, and/or chemical product produced using the hydrogen. The hydrogen is produced from a feedstock containing biomethane, where the biomethane is produced from biomass. The hydrogen production includes methane reforming a feed comprising biomethane, where at least part of the reforming is conducted in one or more electrically heated reactors (e.g., direct or indirect). Carbon-containing material derived from part of the biomass not converted to hydrogen is stored as part of one or more CCS processes.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
A process and/or system for producing biomethane, hydrogen, or fuel, fuel intermediate, and/or chemical product from the biomethane or hydrogen. The biomethane and/or hydrogen is produced in a process that converts biomass to biomethane. In certain embodiments, the biomethane production process includes anaerobic digestion, which produces biogas and digestate. Carbon-containing material (e.g., derived from the biomass) is stored and/or used as part of at least one carbon capture and storage process, where the carbon-containing material includes (i) carbon dioxide produced from the biomethane production process (e.g., produced from anaerobic digestion), and (ii) carbon-containing material obtained or derived from residue of the biomethane production process, and optionally includes (iii) carbon dioxide produced from the hydrogen production process.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
A method for upgrading biogas wherein biogas is provided in one or more pressurized vessels. A plurality of pressurized feeds are produced in a process comprising decompressing biogas from at least one of the one or more vessels and as the biogas is decompressed providing portions of the biogas at successively lower pressures. The plurality of pressurized feeds, which have different average pressures, are provided to a pressure swing adsorption process wherein an adsorbent bed is pressurized by successively feeding gas from each of the pressurized feeds in the plurality into the adsorbent bed in order of increasing average pressure. Accordingly, compression costs can be reduced.
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
A method for upgrading biogas comprising methane and nitrogen, where the biogas is provided in at least one pressurized vessel at a pressure of at least 65 atm (6586 kPa). The method includes a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle having a feed phase, where biogas is fed into a first adsorbent bed when the inlet end is open and the outlet end is closed, followed by a first depressurization phase, where a gas enriched in methane is withdrawn through the outlet end with the inlet end being closed. This gas enriched in methane can be pipeline quality and at pipeline pressures. A methane recovery phase is provided, which can improve methane recovery, wherein gas is withdrawn and the pressure drops to one or more lower values, and where this gas can be recycled for use in the feed phase, used in a regeneration phase, and/or fed to a second bed.
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
8.
PRODUCTION OF FUEL HAVING RENEWABLE CONTENT FROM A LOW CARBON NUMBER FRACTION
Disclosed is a method for producing a fuel that has renewable content, the method comprising: providing renewable hydrogen sourced at least partially from causing renewable methane from a low carbon number fraction resulting from a conversion process to be fed, or co-fed with fossil material, to a hydrogen production unit to produce the renewable hydrogen, the feed to the conversion process being a carbon-containing renewable feedstock, the low carbon number fraction comprising carbon-containing molecules having 3 carbon atoms or less, the conversion process from which the hydrogen is sourced comprising a separation that fractionates the low carbon number fraction from a high carbon number fraction comprising carbon-containing molecules having 3 carbon atoms or more; and feeding the renewable hydrogen to at least part of a fossil fuel production facility to supply the renewable hydrogen thereto and produce the fuel that has renewable content.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
A process for converting cellulosic biomass to fuel includes loading bales of cellulosic biomass into an enclosure, at least partially filling the enclosure with an aqueous liquid, wherein the aqueous liquid is filled to a level selected to at least partially submerge the bales of cellulosic biomass once loaded into the enclosure, and subjecting the bales loaded within the enclosure to an anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The biogas, which contains methane, is provided as a fuel, is upgraded to provide a fuel. The biogas or upgraded biogas can be used to produce a fuel, chemical, or product. A process for converting biomass to fuel includes subjecting cellulosic biomass to anaerobic digestion, and feeding at least a portion of the digestate to hydrothermal liquefaction to produce bio-oil.
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
A process and/or system for producing fuel using renewable hydrogen having a reduced carbon intensity. The renewable hydrogen is produced in a hydrogen production process comprising methane reforming, wherein at least a portion of the feedstock for the hydrogen production process comprises upgraded biogas sourced from a plurality of biogas plants. Each of the upgraded biogases is produced in a process that includes collecting biogas comprising methane and carbon dioxide, capturing at least 50% of the carbon dioxide originally present in the collected biogas and producing the upgraded biogas. Storage of the captured carbon dioxide reducing a carbon intensity of the fuel, without having to provide carbon capture and storage of carbon dioxide from hydrogen production.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C02F 11/04 - Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
A process and/or system for processing a pressurized gas mixture comprising methane and at least one non-methane component by selective membrane separation. Portions of the pressurized gas mixture are withdrawn and provided as a plurality of pressurized gas streams at successively lower pressures. Each portion, provided as a respective pressurized gas stream, is provided for processing in a respective membrane system, each of which is at a different pressure level. Partially purified streams produced by one or more membrane systems are provided for processing at lower pressure levels (e.g., where they are combined with one of the pressurized gas streams). Accordingly, costs associated with recycle compression are reduced and/or eliminated.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A method for providing a fuel includes providing biogas from a plurality of biogas sources, the biogas from each biogas source produced in a process comprising filling a vessel with raw biogas or partially purified biogas to a pressure of at least 1500 psig and transporting the filled vessel to a centralized processing facility by vehicle. A fuel is produced in a fuel production process that includes feeding the biogas transported to the centralized processing facility to a biogas upgrading system that is configured to provide a carbon dioxide removed from the biogas. The removed carbon dioxide is provided for transport by vehicle and/or pipeline and/or sequestered to offset greenhouse gas emissions attributed to compressing the biogas for transport.
A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuel, wherein lignocellulosic feedstock is soaked in a sulfuric acid solution to demineralize the feedstock, the demineralized feedstock is pretreated at a temperature between 150ºC and 230ºC and a pH between 1 and 2.5, at least part of the pretreated material is converted to a fermentation production such as ethanol, and at least a portion of a secondary stream, such as still bottoms from the distillation of ethanol, is converted to biogas by anaerobic digestion. Soaking the lignocellulosic feedstock in sulfuric acid solution reduces the amount of sulfuric acid required for the pretreatment, and thus the amount of sulfate carried downstream to the anaerobic digestion. This increases the biogas yield and/or xylose yield. A recycling process, wherein mineralized soaking liquid produced in the soaking process is fed to cation exchange to remove minerals, reduces excess waste of the sulfuric acid and water usage.
A method of producing fuel that includes providing a feed comprising natural gas, a portion of which is renewable natural gas, to a steam methane reformer in a hydrogen production unit. The feed includes a first portion that is converted to syngas and a second portion that passes through the steam methane reformer unconverted. The unconverted feed is directed to one or more burners of the steam methane reformer as fuel. The renewable natural gas is apportioned such that the first portion of the feed, which is feedstock, has a larger renewable fraction than the second portion, which is fuel. Apportioning a higher renewable fraction to the portion of the feed that is converted increases the yield of renewable content.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
16.
PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING BIOFUELS WITH REDUCED CARBON INTENSITY
A process and/or system for producing one or more biofuels, wherein biogas (e.g., partially purified biogas produced by removing water, hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from raw biogas) is transported by vehicle in one or mobile vessels. Depressurization of the mobile vessels provides a change in pressure that can be used to provide work, cooling, and/or increased pressure for the production process. Combustion of the biogas produces heat and/or power used to reduce a carbon intensity of the biofuel or biofuel intermediate.
A method of providing a fuel includes providing renewable hydrogen, selectively directing at least a portion of the renewable hydrogen to one or more hydroprocessing units in a fuel production facility, and hydrogenating crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon in the one or more hydroprocessing units using the renewable hydrogen. The renewable content of a product produced by the one or more hydroprocessing units can be determined by measuring a flow of the hydrogen feedstock, a flow of the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, and/or a relative amount of hydrogen and carbon in the product. The selective direction of the renewable hydrogen can increase the volume of renewable content in liquid transportation fuels.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
A method of producing one or more fuels having a renewable content from a fuel production process that includes one or more processing steps wherein hydrogen is reacted with crude oil derived liquid hydrocarbon, where the hydrogen is produced by a plurality of hydrogen production units based on steam methane reforming. The method includes selecting one or more hydrogen production units from the plurality of hydrogen production units which have one or more hydrogen-producing characteristics, and allocating renewable methane such that a renewable fraction of feedstock for the selected hydrogen production units is greater than a renewable fraction of feedstock for other hydrogen production units. The selected hydrogen production units are selected to increase a yield of renewable content of one or more of the fuels produced by the fuel production process and/or reduce a carbon intensity of such fuels for a given quantity of renewable methane.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
A method for producing a fuel includes transporting one or more pressure vessels containing pressurized biogas from a first location to a second location, and removing biogas from the one or more pressure vessels at the second location. The fuel production process is improved by controlling the decanting flow rate to provide a total decant time greater than 30-40 minutes, by actively heating biogas contained within the one or more pressure vessels, or some combination thereof.
F17C 13/00 - VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
20.
PRETREATMENT WITH SULFUR DIOXIDE AND PH ADJUSTMENT
A process for producing a fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is disclosed. The process includes obtaining a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass, pretreating a slurry containing the lignocellulosic feedstock, sulfur dioxide, and optionally a bisulfite salt, at temperatures between 110°C and 160°C for at least 30 minutes. The pretreatment includes subjecting the slurry to a pH adjustment, which includes adding alkali to the slurry, removing lignosulfonic acid from the slurry, or a combination thereof.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
A process for producing a fuel from a softwood. A feedstock containing softwood is pretreated, where the pretreating includes heating the feedstock in a pretreatment liquor containing sulfur dioxide and bisulfite salt. The heating is conducted between 1 10°C and 160°C. The pretreatment liquor has a sulfur dioxide concentration that is greater than 6.5 wt% on liquor and a pH at 25°C that is less than 1.3. The cellulose in the pretreated material is hydrolysed to glucose. The glucose may be fermented to a fermentation product such as ethanol.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
A process for processing lignocellulosic biomass that includes pretreating lignocellulosic biomass, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is heated in a pretreatment liquor containing sulfur dioxide and bisulfite salt, at a temperature between 120°C and 150°C, for at least 30 minutes. The pH of the pretreatment liquor at 25°C is less than 1.3, the concentration of sulfur dioxide is greater than 9.4 wt% (on liquor), and the concentration of alkali is between 0 wt% and 0.42 wt% (expressed as hydroxide, on liquor).
A method of processing biogas that includes obtaining a mobile tank containing biogas at a pressure greater than 1000 psig, connecting the mobile tank to a pressure let down system, and depressurizing the mobile tank to remove biogas therein. The depressurization includes removing gas from the mobile tank using the pressure let down system, and introducing a warming gas into the mobile tank.
A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
A method for providing renewable natural gas (RNG) includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which may be stored in a mobile storage tank. The partially purified biogas is transported to a biogas upgrading facility, at least partially by truck, rail, or ship. At the biogas upgrading facility, the partially purified biogas is further purified to provide the RNG, which can be injected into a distribution system (e.g., natural gas grid) and/or provided for use in transportation.
C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to glucose or ethanol includes subjecting the lignocellulosic biomass to a lignosulfonic acid pretreatment, wherein the lignosulfonic acid has a concentration of sulfonate groups in acid form that is greater than 0.02 mol/L and a total amount of sulfur dioxide is greater than 15 wt% based on dry weight of lignocellulosic biomass.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 1/02 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
A process for producing a fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is disclosed. The process includes obtaining a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass, feeding the feedstock and sulfur dioxide into a pretreatment reactor, wherein a total amount of sulfur dioxide in the pretreatment reactor is greater than 70 wt% based on dry weight lignocellulosic biomass, and heating the feedstock and sulfur dioxide in the pretreatment reactor at one or more temperatures between 110°C and 150°C for more than 60 minutes.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
A method for providing upgraded biogas includes feeding a stream of biogas into a biogas upgrading system in order to remove carbon dioxide from the stream of biogas. The biogas upgrading system, which may be based on absorption, adsorption, membrane permeation, and/or cryogenics, provides a stream of upgraded biogas and a tail gas stream. The tail gas stream, which may be CO2-rich, is enriched with natural gas so that it is combustible in medium-BTU equipment. The upgraded biogas is used for transportation use and/or the generation of fuel credits. Accordingly, both the tail gas and the upgraded biogas are used effectively and at lower cost.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A process for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass includes feeding lignocellulosic biomass into a pretreatment reactor, wherein the pretreatment reactor has a headspace charged with sulfur dioxide previously used in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, acid comprising sulfur dioxide and/or sulfurous acid is fed into the pretreatment reactor (e.g., with the lignocellulosic biomass, separate from the lignocellulosic biomass, or a combination thereof) and the lignocellulosic biomass is heated. As the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass is discharged from the pretreatment reactor, at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide used in the pretreatment is retained in the headspace.
A process for producing alcohol from lignocellulosic biomass includes adding at least one of sulfur dioxide and sulfurous acid to the lignocellulosic biomass to provide an effective sulfur dioxide dosage and/or effective sulfur dioxide slurry concentration, each of which is calculated using the ratio of the volume of the slurry in the pretreatment reactor to the total volume of the pretreatment reactor, within a predetermined range.
A process for producing a transportation fuel from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising subjecting a stream comprising lignin to a wet oxidation that produces low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These carboxylic acids and/or the corresponding esters are fed to a hydrogenation reaction or gas fermentation wherein they are converted to an alcohol. Heat from the wet oxidation may be supplied to any stage of the process in which heat is introduced.
Provided herein is a process for producing a fermentation product from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process comprises soaking a lignocellulosic feedstock in an aqueous solution to produce a soaked feedstock. The soaked feedstock is at least partially dewatered and the at least partially dewatered feedstock is subjected to pretreating. The pretreatment chemical is sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid or a combination thereof and can be added to the process at any stage prior to and/or during pretreatment. The pretreated feedstock composition is fed to an enzymatic hydrolysis conducted at a temperature that is higher than 58ºC. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock composition is hydrolyzed with cellulase enzymes in the presence of the dissolved solids to produce glucose. The glucose is fermented to produce the fermentation product.
A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass includes adding at least one of sulfur dioxide and sulfurous acid to the lignocellulosic biomass to provide an equivalent sulfur dioxide loading of at least 10 wt% sulfur dioxide to dry lignocellulosic biomass. The acidified lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated at a temperature above about 185°C and for a pretreatment time less than about 10 minutes, to provide a pretreated biomass composition wherein the biomass is readily hydrolyzed by enzymes. Advantageously, sulfur dioxide from at least one of the flash stream and a stream derived from the flash is recovered and recycled back into the process.
Provided herein is a process for producing one or more products from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process comprises treating the lignocellulosic feedstock by contacting the feedstock at least sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, or a combination thereof to produce a pretreated feedstock comprising one or more sulfonic acids. A process stream comprising one or more sulfonic acids is subsequently treated in a wet oxidation step to produce a stream comprising at least soluble oxidized phenolic compounds. The soluble oxidized phenolic compounds are then fed to an anaerobic digestion to produce methane. Optionally, hydrogen sulfide is produced during the anaerobic digestion. The hydrogen sulfide may then be converted to an acid selected from sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid or a combination thereof in one or more steps. The acid may then be re-used in treatment as desired.
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C12P 7/02 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C02F 11/04 - Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
36.
PROCESS FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK COMPRISING WET OXIDATION
A process for producing one or more products from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising treating the lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar in one or more stages comprising addition of acid, base or a combination thereof and introduction of heat. The addition of the acid, base, or a combination thereof produces a salt. The sugar is fermented to produce a fermentation product and the fermentation product is recovered. A stream comprising the salt is treated by wet oxidation with the introduction of heat. A stream comprising salt resulting from the wet oxidation is provided for use as a salt product or a process chemical for introduction within the process. Heat from the wet oxidation may be supplied to any stage of the process in which heat is introduced.
C01D 5/00 - Sulfates or sulfites of sodium, potassium, or alkali metals in general
C05C 3/00 - Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
C05D 1/02 - Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
The present invention provides a process for producing a fermentation product from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process comprises soaking a lignocellulosic feedstock in an aqueous solution to produce a soaked feedstock. The soaked feedstock is at least partially dewatered and the at least partially dewatered feedstock is subjected to pretreating in the presence of sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid or a combination thereof to produce a pretreated feedstock composition. The pretreated feedstock composition is fed to an enzymatic hydrolysis in which the concentration of dissolved solids fed to the enzymatic hydrolysis is at least 50% (w/w) of the concentration of dissolved solids in the pretreated feedstock composition. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock composition is hydrolyzed with cellulase enzymes in the presence of the dissolved solids to produce glucose. The glucose is fermented to produce the fermentation product.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
Embodiments the invention provide a process in which a gas comprising biomethane having a heating value of less than about 925 BTU/cubic foot is introduced to a pipeline system that is connected lo at least one source of natural gas having a heating value of at least about 950 B TU/cubic fool. The gas comprising biomethane combines with natural gas in the pipeline system to produce a mixed gas having a heating value below about 925 BTU/cubic foot. An amount of natural gas at least equal lo the amount of gas comprising biomethane is withdrawn from the pipeline system for use as a transportation fuel, a fuel intermediate or as a feedstock for producing a fuel. The process can enable fuel credit generation and/or reductions in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions.
The present invention provides an integrated process for producing a fermentation product from fossil carbon and hydrogen present in a purge gas stream resulting from a hydrogen production process. According to one embodiment of the invention, a purge gas stream obtained from a hydrogen production process is fermented with microorganisms in one or more bioreactors to produce the fermentation product. A fermentation exhaust gas stream from the one or more bioreactors comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or methane is then obtained and heat is generated therefrom to provide energy for the hydrogen production process.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C12N 1/04 - Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
40.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS
A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
C12P 3/00 - Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10L 3/00 - Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; Liquefied petroleum gas
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymes; General processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock, in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. Λ solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process, A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation.
The present invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock. The process comprises hydrolyzing the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock with an enzyme mixture comprising at least cellulase enzymes to produce a hydrolyzed slurry comprising glucose and lignin solids. The hydrolyzing is conducted in the presence of a polymer, such as for example an aliphatic polyether. A solids-liquid separation is conducted to recover lignin solids from a process stream comprising the lignin solids and the polymer. A process stream is then obtained comprising recovered lignin solids resulting from the solids-liquid separation. Also provided are processes for recovering the polymer from the lignin solids and/or from solution.
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