The quantum process-based generator (28) for real random numbers (411, 418) has an entropy source (401), and the quantum process-based generator (28) for real random numbers (411, 418) evaluates a signal (405) of the entropy source (401) using a time-to-pseudo random number converter (TPRC) (404.3) and generates one or more random bits (411) and optionally random numbers (418).
The invention provides a method (300) for initializing a power assembly (100) having an installed switching element (104). The method (300) comprises providing (302) a plurality of predetermined drive parameter sets and characteristic values for a plurality of different predetermined switching element types, wherein the switching element (104) installed in the power assembly (100) corresponds to a switching element type of the plurality of different switching element types. The method also comprises ascertaining (304) a measurement value in the power assembly (100), said measurement value being dependent on a gate charge of the switching element (104) and/or on a threshold voltage of the switching element (104). The method furthermore comprises comparing (306) the ascertained measurement value with the characteristic values of the plurality of different switching element types. In addition, the method comprises selecting (308) a drive parameter set of the plurality of predetermined drive parameter sets for driving the switching element (104) on the basis of the comparison of the ascertained measurement value with the characteristic values of the plurality of different switching element types. Moreover, the method (300) comprises setting (310) the selected drive parameter set for driving the switching element (104) during operation of the initialized power assembly (100).
H03K 17/14 - Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature
G01R 31/26 - Testing of individual semiconductor devices
G01R 31/27 - Testing of devices without physical removal from the circuit of which they form part, e.g. compensating for effects due to surrounding elements
H03K 17/0412 - Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
H03K 17/16 - Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
4.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION IN A VEHICLE BETWEEN AN ACTUATION APPARATUS AND MULTIPLE UNITS
In the case of the method and the apparatus for data communication in a vehicle between an actuation apparatus and multiple units, which may be sensors and/or actuators, there are multiple communication channels (22 to 28), by way of each of which at least one unit (14 to 20) is communicatively connected to the actuation apparatus (12). The communication between the actuation apparatus (12) and the units (14 to 20) is performed by transmitting signal pulse sequences (22' to 28') of pulses (30) with the same repetition rate, which have rising edges (32). Signal pulse sequences (22' to 28') transmitted via at least two of the communication channels (22 to 28) are transmitted with a phase shift in relation to one another, and so the rising edges (32) of the pulses (30) of one transmitted signal pulse sequence (22' to 28') have a time offset with respect to the rising edges (32) of the pulses (30) of the or each other transmitted signal pulse sequence (22' to 28') within the period defined by the repetition rate.
The invention relates to a light module comprising a VCSEL laser array die (VCSELA) for emitting laser pulses for LIDAR applications, wherein the parasitic inductances are low due to a particular construction and connection technique and thus a high switching speed is achieved. The VCSEL laser array die (VCSELA) and a capacitor array (CAP) are mounted on a support in a stacked die arrangement for this purpose.
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
The invention relates to an electronic safeguard for a vehicle, by means of which operating parameters, for example of the supply network of the vehicle, can be monitored in order to, for example, carry out reconfigurations to the supply network or to detach electronic loads of the vehicle when it is foreseeable that the electric power which can currently be provided will be insufficient to supply electricity, for example, to all operated loads or to individual loads.
B60R 16/03 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
G01R 33/032 - Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday
H02H 3/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current
7.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FREE SPACE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION
The invention relates to a single-photon transmitter for enabling secure authentication, comprising a plurality of single-photon sources, a controller which is configured to actuate each one of the single-photon sources separately, and an optical sub-device which is configured to combine single-photon streams of photons emitted by the at least one single-photon source to form a QKD coupling beam consisting of a common stream of single-photons. The invention also relates to a single-photon receiver for receiving a QKD coupling beam transmitted by a single-photon transmitter. The invention also relates to a method for generating a common quantum key for a single-photon transmitter and a single-photon receiver. The invention also relates to an integrated QKD circuit. The invention also relates to a car key comprising a single-photon transmitter and/or a single-photon receiver. The invention also relates to a car comprising a single-photon transmitter and/or a single-photon receiver. The invention also relates to the use of a single-photon transmitter and/or a single-photon receiver for data exchange. The invention also relates to a SPAD diode for a sensor element of a single-photon detector for a single-photon transmitter and/or for a single-photon receiver.
The invention relates to a secure microcontroller (1) for controlling devices in a car, having a semiconductor substrate, storage elements, at least one internal bus (2), at least one 8/16/32/64-bit microcontroller core, one or more data interfaces, and at least one quantum-process-based generator (15) for genuine random numbers. The storage elements, the data interface, the quantum-process-based generator (15), and the microcontroller core (16) are connected to the internal bus (2). The quantum-process-based generator (15) generates a random number and makes it available at the request of the microcontroller core (16). The microcontroller core (16) generates a key with the aid of a program from one or more of its storage elements and with the aid of the random number. With the aid of a program from one or more of its storage elements and with the aid of the key, the microcontroller core (16) encrypts and decrypts data that it exchanges via the data interface with devices outside the secure microcontroller (1). The semiconductor substrate comprises the part-devices of the secure microcontroller (1) listed here in one piece.
The invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor system (USSS), wherein the ultrasonic sensor system (USSS) determines distances on the basis of ultrasonic echos acquired by at least four ultrasonic sensors, and determines ultrasonic sensor system (USSS) solutions by way of a trilateral method from these distances and filters each of the solutions to filtered solutions by way of a Kalman filtering method and clusters the filtered solutions to accepted solutions by way of a clustering method.
o,0u,0o,iu,iu,i of the commutation interval is adjusted in proportion with the square of the operating current (i) and/or a shift of the commutation interval is adjusted in linear proportion with the operating current. The present invention also relates to a method for determining magnetization parameters of a three-phase electric motor (210) having a rotor and a stator. The present invention additionally relates to a method for determining an initial rotor position of a three-phase electric motor (310) having a control circuit (3100).
In the case of the method and the subscribers and the communication bus system for transmitting data, in addition to the possibility from the bus master to the subscribers using differential electrical signals, a binary data transmission from the subscribers to the bus master is implemented by analysing the effect of changes to the common-mode level. For this purpose, a data transmission current is fed in or drawn at the input (12) of a subscriber (10), this being identified at the output (16) of a neighbouring subscriber (10), specifically based on the draw or the infeed of a compensation current in order to keep the common-mode level at the target value. A data transmission from the bus master (28) to the subscribers (10) using non-differential signals may take place in addition to the data transmission using differential electrical signals through a deliberate change in the common-mode level made by the bus master (28), this being identified at the input (12) of the first subscriber (10). This change in the common-mode level at the input (12) of a subscriber (10) is conveyed to a reference voltage source (42) at the output (16) of the subscriber (10), such that the same common-mode level shift as was sensed at the input (12) of the subscriber (10) is then generated at the output (16) of the subscriber (10).
The subscriber (10') for a communication bus system with a two-wire line having a plurality of two-wire line portions as differential communication bus for connecting a plurality of subscribers in series connection to a bus master and for communicating by means of differential voltage signals, the two-wire line having a first line and a second line and each two-wire line portion comprising a portion of the first line and a portion of the second line, has a receiver (24) and a transmitter (26), to which two-wire line portions (20, 22) are connected in each case. A terminating resistor (30), which is arranged in series with a test switch (32), is located at the input. Two bridging resistors (34, 36) are located between the receiver (24) and the transmitter (26). In addition, a further switch lies parallel to the receiver (24) of the subscriber (10') and is used in the automatic address assignment.
The subscriber (10) for a communication bus system with a two-wire line having a plurality of two-wire line portions as differential communication bus for connecting a plurality of subscribers in series connection to a bus master and for communicating by means of differential electrical signals, the two-wire line having a first line and a second line and each two-wire line portion comprising a portion of the first line and a portion of the second line, has a receiver (24) and a transmitter (26), to which two-wire line portions (20, 22) are connected in each case. A terminating resistor (30), which is arranged in series with a test switch (32), is located at the input. Two bridging resistors (34, 36) are located between the receiver (24) and the transmitter (26).
An embodiment relates to a housing (10) for an ultrasonic transducer (100), the housing (10) comprising a bottom wall (14), which is adapted to act as an oscillation membrane; and an essentially cylindrical side wall (12) extending from the bottom wall (14), wherein the side wall (12) comprises an enhancement structure (18) enhancing the elasticity of the cylindrical side wall (12). Further embodiments relate to an ultrasonic transducer (100), a vehicle (30), the use of an enhancement element (18) and methods for designing or manufacturing a housing (10).
The invention relates to a method for operating a safety-related control device for vehicles, in particular for an airbag control device. The control device has a power reserve and receives signals from sensors and/or other systems. It has a first and a second operating state. The power consumption of the safety-related control device is quantitatively higher in the first operating state than in the second operating state. The method comprises detecting a safety-critical event on the basis of the signals from the sensors and/or from the other systems, followed by switching over to the second operating state if a safety-critical event occurs, and performing the safety-related function of the safety-related control device in the second operating state. The special feature is that the safety-related control device is supplied with power from the power reserve if the safety-related control device is in the second operating state, and therefore the solution reduces or avoids the potentially safety-critical ground offset.
B60R 21/017 - Electrical circuits for triggering safety arrangements in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to the safety arrangements
17.
METHOD FOR ISO 26262-COMPLIANT EVALUATION OF A PRESSURE-SENSOR SIGNAL
The invention relates to a device and a method for evaluating signals from one or more Wheatstone bridges. According to the invention, requirements of ISO 26262 are taken into account by mixing a test signal with the measurement signal before amplification and before analog-to-digital conversion. After amplification and after analog-to-digital conversion, the measurement signal and the test signal are separated again. If the test signal is not as expected, then the amplifier and/or the analog-to-digital converter is defective. The advantage of the method is that it can be used during, but without interfering with, normal operation.
G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
G01M 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
G01R 17/02 - Arrangements in which the value to be measured is automatically compared with a reference value
G01R 31/28 - Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
G01R 17/10 - Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge ac or dc measuring bridges
G01D 18/00 - Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups
G01D 3/08 - Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups of this group with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
ooo) of the object (O) by quantity and direction on the basis of Doppler frequencies; 3. Increasing a probability value that the object (O) is an animate object if the quantity of the velocity vector (I) of the movement of the object (O) lies below a first threshold value; and 4. Decreasing the probability value that the object (O) is an animate object if the quantity of the velocity vector (I) of the movement of the object (O) lies above a second threshold value, which can be equal to the first threshold value, wherein the probability value can depend on further parameters; and 5. Evaluating the object (O) as an animate object if said probability value lies above a third threshold value.
The invention relates to different devices and methods for inhibiting the injection of a substrate current into the substrate Sub of a CMOS circuit. The devices carry out methods for inhibiting an injection of this type in different manners. They detect the potential of a contact (PDH, PDL) of the integrated CMOS circuit, compare the value of the potential detected in this way with a reference value, and connect the contact (PDH, PDL) with a leakage circuit node (ABK) for discharging the current, such that same does not flow to earth via the parasitic bipolar lateral structure, i.e. not in the substrate. The leakage circuit node can be connected, e.g. to the reference potential line (GND) or with another line, which has a higher potential than that of the reference potential line (GND). This electrical connection is then activated or initiated, if the value of the potential of the contact (PDH, PDL) is lower than or equal to a reference value, wherein said reference value is lower than the value of the potential of the substrate Sub and/or lower than the value of the potential of the reference potential line (GND) or the above-mentioned other line.
H01L 27/02 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
H03K 17/16 - Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES UG (HAFTUNGSBESCHRÄNKT) (Germany)
Inventor
Burchard, Bernd
Meijer, Jan
Rönisch, Arthur
Staacke, Robert
Abstract
The invention relates to a scalar magnetometer comprising a sensor element (NVD), a circuit carrier (GPCB), a pumping radiation source (PLED), a radiation receiver (PD), and analysis means (ADC, IF). The pumping radiation source (PLED) emits pumping radiation (LB). The sensor element (NVD) comprises preferably one or more NV centers in diamond as paramagnetic centers. The aforementioned paramagnetic center of the sensor element (NVD) emits a fluorescence radiation (FL) upon being irradiated with pumping radiation (LB), the intensity of said fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic center being based on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the paramagnetic center. The radiation receiver (PD) converts the intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation (FL) into a receiver output signal (SO), and the analysis means (ADC, IF) is suitable for and designed to detect, store, and/or forward the value of the receiver output signal (SO) as a measurement value. The material of the circuit carrier (GPCB) is preferably transparent to the pumping radiation (LB) in the radiation path between the pumping radiation source (PLED) and the sensor element (NVD) and to the fluorescence radiation (FL) in the radiation path between the sensor element (NVD) and the radiation receiver (PD). The sensor element (NVD), pumping radiation source (PLED), radiation receiver (PD), and analysis means (ADC, IF) components are preferably mechanically secured to the circuit carrier (GPCB).
G01R 33/032 - Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday
G01R 33/26 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using optical pumping
H05K 1/09 - Use of materials for the metallic pattern
C03C 8/14 - Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions
F21V 8/00 - Use of light guides, e.g. fibre optic devices, in lighting devices or systems
22.
LIGHT MODULE AND LIDAR APPARATUS HAVING AT LEAST ONE LIGHT MODULE OF THIS TYPE
G01S 17/14 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein a voltage or current pulse is initiated and terminated in accordance with the pulse transmission and echo reception respectively, e.g. using counters
23.
METHOD AND DEVICES FOR MEASURING THE MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY AND OTHER PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF A PLURALITY OF NV CENTRES, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
The invention relates to a sensor system (NVMS) with a quantum dot, which can comprise a paramagnetic centre (NV1). The sensor system comprises a control and analysis device (AWV), which has a first pumped radiation source (PL1), a radiation receiver (PD1), and which irradiates the quantum dot with pumped radiation (LB) by means of the first pumped radiation source (PL1). The quantum dot emits fluorescence radiation (FL) as it is irradiated with the pumped radiation (LB), the fluorescence radiation being dependent on a physical parameter. Depending on the fluorescence radiation (FL), the control and analysis device (AWV) generates a first output signal (out) having a signal component that represents a measurement value. The measurement value is dependent on the value of the physical parameter. By means of one or more compensation coils (LC), the control and analysis device (AWV) controls the sensitivity of the quantum dot for the physical parameter in a compensatory manner, such that the receiver output signal (SO) of the radiation receiver (PD1) then no longer has any substantial component of the transmission signal (S5).
G01D 5/26 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
G01D 21/00 - Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
G01D 5/14 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
G01D 5/245 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
G01R 33/032 - Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday
G01N 24/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
24.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR HAVING A MECHANICAL COMMUTATOR
The invention relates to a method for controlling an electric motor (10) having a mechanical commutator (12), wherein in the method the points in time at which a commutation occurs are determined by means of a sensor (36) or without a sensor. Furthermore, the electric motor (10) is controlled by means of a supply voltage signal (16) comprising a sequence of pulses. Finally, the supply voltage signal (16) is modulated by means of a modulation signal (28) in order to reduce the size thereof at the commutation times (24).
H02P 25/10 - Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors
H02P 7/29 - Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
H02P 7/00 - Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
25.
METHOD FOR RECOGNISING OBSTACLES AND FOR PREDICTING THE CHANGE OF POSITION OF KNOWN OBSTACLES BY MEANS OF SIGNALS FROM A PLURALITY OF SENSORS AND FOR COMPRESSING AND DECOMPRESSING SENSOR SIGNALS USED FOR THE ABOVE PURPOSES
The invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor, the associated sensor, the transmission of data to a computer system, and the associated decompression method in the computer system which controls the ultrasonic sensor. The compression method comprises the steps of detecting an ultrasonic received signal of an ultrasonic transducer, providing a signal-free ultrasonic echo signal model (610), carrying out at least once and optionally repeating a number of times the following steps of subtracting a reconstructed ultrasonic echo signal model (610) from the ultrasonic received signal (1) and forming a residual signal (660), the step of carrying out a method for recognising signal objects in the residual signal (660), supplementing the ultrasonic echo signal model (610) by the parameterised signal curve of a recognised signal object (600 to 605); and also ending the repetition of these steps if the values of the residual signal are below the values of a predetermined threshold signal. This is followed by transmitting at least some of the recognised signal objects in the form of symbols for these recognised signal objects to the computer system and using at least some of the recognised signal objects therein. These are preferably reconstructed in the computer system to give a reconstructed ultrasonic echo signal model.
G01S 7/00 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , ,
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 7/539 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
G01S 13/86 - Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
G01S 7/41 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
G01S 17/66 - Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
G01S 13/931 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
G01S 13/72 - Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
patents
