A gateway for connection to a host processor and multiple slaves, which are organized in a point-to-point (P2P) topology, is provided. The gateway has an independent channel for each of the slaves, and the gateway can receive multiple control signals, each including at least one control signal for a particular predetermined slave from the multiple slaves, from the host processor. The host processor determines whether the slaves for which the at least one control signal has been received are in an operational state; and to simultaneously output the control signals received from the host processor to the slaves for which the at least one control signal has been received only when all of the slaves for which the at least one control signal has been received are in the operational state.
In a safety switch off of an electric consumer in a vehicle, the current consumption of the consumer is monitored in its active state by a main monitoring unit with respect to a safety switch off threshold which, when reached or exceeded, results in switching off the electronic switch. In a further operating state, in which the current consumption of the line leading to the consumer is lower than in its active state, the current consumption is monitored by an auxiliary monitoring unit with respect to the rate of changes. When the consumer is in the further operating state, the main monitoring unit is deactivated or operated in standby mode. When the consumer is in the further operating state, the main monitoring unit is activated, when the rate of changes in the current consumption reaches a threshold value and/or falls short of or exceeds a voltage range.
H01H 71/74 - Means for adjusting the conditions under which the device will function to provide protection
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
3.
LIDAR RECEIVER CIRCUIT FOR RECEIVING OPTICAL SIGNALS BY MEANS OF PHOTODETECTORS
A lidar receiver circuit for receiving optical signals using photodetectors to detect events or objects in the surrounding area, with a redundancy of receiver circuits for reducing failure probability, including a photodetector array for receiving optical signals and outputting a measurement signal, wherein the photodetectors are arranged as a two-dimensional matrix, a plurality of receiver circuits for receiving the measurement signal; a plurality of multiplexers, which are electrically arranged between the array and circuits and are connected thereto; wherein at least one of the multiplexers is connected to a column of photodetectors and at least two receiver circuits; each circuit is configured to receive and process the measurement signals of a column; a column of photodetectors is assigned to each receiver circuit by default; and the multiplexers connect a column to a receiver circuit other than the receiver circuit, which is assigned to the column of photodetectors by default.
A method and a device perform data communication between a superordinate computer system of an ultrasonic measurement system and an associated ultrasonic sensor via a modified UART data interface. The method and device exit the UART protocol and use a special signaling protocol and a modification of the UART data interface for the duration of an ultrasonic measurement phase to transmit the arrival of echoes at the ultrasonic sensor promptly to the superordinate computer system and return to the UART protocol for the data transmission from the ultrasonic sensor to the superordinate computer system after the end of the ultrasonic measurement phase.
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 15/10 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
5.
LIGHT RECEIVER CIRCUIT AND LIGHT SENSOR ARRAY COMPRISING A LIGHT RECEIVER CIRCUIT
A light receiver circuit with compensation of propagation times has at least one light sensor, one control circuit, one connecting line to a TDC circuit, and a test circuit. The test line is connected to a test signal source. The test circuit connects the test line to the control circuit and forwards the test signal to the control circuit. The control circuit routes a measurement signal of the light sensor to the TDC circuit and a test signal to the connecting line and to the TDC circuit to evaluate the test signal and propagation time of test signal from test circuit to TDC circuit. The light sensor array further includes a plurality of light receiver circuits of such kind. The invention also relates to a Lidar receiver for capturing optical events with a light sensor array with a TDC circuit and a test signal source and with a timecode generator.
A timing generator as master clock for an electronic circuit includes a coarse code and a plurality of fine codes, has a ring oscillator with an uneven number n of delay elements, each of which has a delay output at which clock signal is present; clock dividers which are connected to the delay outputs and at whose output a clock divider output signal is output; start circuit for generating initialization signal to trigger clock dividers, and clock generator that further processes clock signal and generates a coarse code, and an output at which generated timestamp is output, wherein the fine codes of timestamp are formed from clock divider output signals of the clock dividers, and the coarse code and the fine codes contain redundant information that a time shift of the fine codes relative to the coarse code by at most (n−1)/2 time differences results in a correct timestamp.
A control device includes a data bus interface, which can be a CAN bus data bus interface, a computer core (microcontroller) and a number nLED of a plurality of driver circuits, wherein nLED is a positive integer greater than 1. Each driver circuit is designed to be able to supply at least one lamp group with electrical power. The nLED driver circuits are thus designed to be able to supply at least nLED lamp groups with electrical power. Each lamp group comprises one or more lamps, which can comprise one or more light-emitting diodes. The data bus interface and the computer core (microcontroller) and the nLED driver circuits are accommodated on a common semiconductor substrate.
A device includes a voltage regulator, circuits, and a current bus. Each of the circuits includes at least one LED driver. The voltage regulator supplies electrical energy to a plurality of LED groups. Each of the circuits includes a voltage measuring circuit for detecting voltage drops across the LED drivers. The LED drivers set the currents through the LED groups. Each of the circuits includes a local controller. The local controller withdraws a current from the control bus in dependence on the detected voltage drops of the LED drivers included in the circuit. A bias current source injects a bias current into the control bus. The control bus sums the currents in the current bus. The output of the regulator is controlled based on the summed current.
An ultrasonic measuring device includes an ultrasonic transducer without voltage converter having two transducer terminals to which an alternately reversible control voltage can be applied for emitting an ultrasonic burst signal in a control phase and to which an evaluation voltage is applied in a reception phase. The ultrasonic transducer decays in a decay phase between the control phase and the reception phase. A control unit generates the control voltage. The control unit comprises a full bridge circuit with two half bridge circuits, each comprising two semiconductor driving switches, which are connected to the two terminals of the ultrasonic transducer. An evaluation unit is provided with two input terminals, each of which is connected to the terminals of the ultrasonic transducer via a connection line. Voltage limiting elements in the two terminal lines limit the voltage applied to the input terminals of the amplifier.
G01S 7/523 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group - Details of pulse systems
A scalar magnetometer includes a sensor element, a circuit carrier, a pump radiation source, a radiation receiver and evaluation means. The pump radiation source emits pump radiation. The sensor element preferably includes one or more NV centers in diamond as paramagnetic centers. This paramagnetic center emits fluorescence radiation when irradiated with pump radiation. The radiation receiver converts a intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation into a receiver output signal. The evaluation means detects and/or stores and/or transmits the value of the receiver output signal. The material of the circuit carrier is preferably transparent for the pump radiation in the radiation path between pump radiation source and sensor element and transparent for the fluorescence radiation in the radiation path between sensor element and radiation receiver. The components sensor element, pump radiation source, radiation receiver and evaluation means are preferably mechanically attached to the circuit carrier .
G01R 33/00 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
G01R 33/36 - Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
G01R 33/32 - Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radiofrequency signals
G01R 33/26 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using optical pumping
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
A method for transmitting data from an ultrasonic sensor to a computer system includes forming a feature vector signal from an electric reception signal; recognizing signal objects in the reception signal and classifying the signal objects according to predetermined signal object classes. The signal objects are forms or sequences of forms. At least one object parameter allocated to the signal object and one symbol for the signal object class are allocated to each signal object, or for each signal object, at least one signal object parameter and a symbol object are determined. The method further includes transmitting the symbol and the at least one signal object parameter to the computer system as data of a recognized signal object. One of the forms in the signal object belonging to the signal object class includes a peak, and one of the transmitted signal object parameters is an amplitude of the peak.
G01S 7/00 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , ,
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 7/539 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
G01S 13/86 - Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
A method and a device examine an environment of a vehicle by analyzing echo signals generated by reflection of transmitted ultrasonic signals at an object. Two different ultrasonic burst signals are transmitted in a same direction and into a same area of the environment. Timely offset echo signals are created at an object by reflection of the two ultrasonic burst signals. The two echo signals are evaluated to determine different parameters of an object. The distance of the object is calculated based on the echo signal of the ultrasonic burst signal with the lower number of ultrasonic pulses. Based on the echo signal of the ultrasonic burst signal with the higher number of ultrasonic pulses, the velocity can be calculated at which the vehicle and the object move relative to each other in the direction of transmission of both ultrasonic burst signals or opposite thereto.
A device and a method evaluate signals from one or more Wheatstone bridges. The requirements of ISO 26262 are taken into account by mixing a test signal with the measurement signal before amplification and before analog-to-digital conversion. After amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, the measurement signal and the test signal are unmixed again. If the test signal does not meet the expectation, the amplifier and/or the analog-to-digital converter is determined to be faulty.
G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
G01L 9/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
14.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INHIBITING A SUBSTRATE CURRENT IN AN IC SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE
Devices and methods prevent injection of a substrate current into the substrate Sub of a CMOS circuit. The devices detect the potential of a contact of the integrated CMOS circuit, compare the value of the potential detected with a reference value and connect the contact to a leakage circuit node for discharging the current such that same does not flow to ground via the parasitic bipolar lateral structure. The leakage circuit node can be connected to the reference potential line or to another line that has a higher potential than the reference potential line. This electrical connection is activated when the value of the potential of the contact is lower than or equal to a reference value.
A light module has a carrier with a circuit die. On the top side of the carrier, a light-emitting diode die, and a charge store component are electrically connected to the conduction path terminal fields of a transistor by means of die-to-die bondings. The electrical connection between the two dies and the conduction path of the transistor is as short as possible. A terminal field is situated in each case on the top side of the two dies, which terminal fields are connected to one another using a first bonding wire. The charge store component is charged by means of a charging circuit which is electrically connected to the charge store component via a second bonding wire. The second bonding wire is longer than the first bonding wire. The light module may be part of a LIDAR apparatus.
A sensor system includes a quantum dot including one or more paramagnetic centers. It comprises a control and evaluation device including a pump radiation source, a radiation receiver and which irradiates the quantum dot depending on a transmission signal. The quantum dot emits fluorescence radiation upon irradiation with the pump radiation, which depends on the magnetic flux density and/or on another physical parameter. The control and evaluation device generates an output signal including a measured value as a function of the fluorescence radiation. The control and evaluation device compensatingly readjusts the sensitivity of the quantum dot for the magnetic flux density and/or the other physical parameter by means of one or more compensation coils.
G01D 5/26 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
G01D 5/245 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
G01D 5/30 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication the beams of light being detected by photocells
17.
Method for controlling an electric motor having a mechanical commutator
A method for controlling an electric motor including a mechanical commutator, includes determining points in time at which commutation takes place by a sensor or without a sensor. The method further includes controlling the electric motor by a supply voltage signal having a sequence of pulses. The method further includes modulating the supply voltage signal by a modulation signal to reduce the magnitude of the supply voltage signal at the commutation points in time.
H02P 7/06 - Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
H02P 25/10 - Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors
A laser module comprises a plurality of laser submodules with a respective plurality of lasers. Each laser submodule has a driver IC. Each driver IC controls several lasers. The driver ICs of the laser module can use the received signals of photodetectors to homogenize and readjust the real emission amplitude of the laser pulses for all lasers of the laser module and regulate the emission point in time of the respective real laser pulses to a synchronization signal. The driver IC can detect a failure of a laser by the photodetector belonging to it and output an error signal. The lasers directly coupled with the photodetectors in a compact design.
A device comprises a voltage regulator, circuits, a voltage-to-current converter, a control bus, a resistor and a resistor network. Each of the circuits has at least one LED connector and one LED driver. Each of the circuits has a measuring circuit for detecting voltage differences between the potentials of LED terminals and a reference potential. Further, each of the circuits includes a local controller. The local controller withdraws a current from the control bus in dependence on the detected voltage differences. Bias current sources inject bias currents into the control bus in form of a sum current of the injected bias currents. The resistor performs a current-to-voltage conversion of the sum current to a control voltage. The voltage-to-current converter converts the control voltage into a current. The resistor network converts the current into a voltage value. An output voltage of the voltage regulator depends on the voltage value.
A method supplies a lighting device with electrical energy, wherein the lighting device includes at least two integrated circuits with at least one LED group by a current source associated with this LED group. The method includes generating a supply voltage by a voltage regulator, adjusting a LED group current passing the LED groups by one of the respective current sources , detecting the voltage drops across the current sources, selecting one voltage drop of each integrated circuit as a characteristic voltage drop, generating a control value of the respective integrated circuit, according to the characteristic voltage drop, reducing the control voltage when the control voltage is greater than a control value of the respective integrated circuit, and controlling the output voltage in accordance with the control voltage and/or in accordance with a control bus voltage derived from the control voltage.
H05B 45/46 - Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] - Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
A control signal for controlling a light emitting device is PWM modulated in time, the PWM modulation comprising PWM pulses and PWM periods. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of a PWM pulse is the reciprocal of the instantaneous PWM period of the PWM pulse. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency depends on the PWM duty cycle of the PWM pulses of the control signal. The PWM pulse instantaneous frequency of the PWM pulses is a first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a first PWM duty cycle of the control signal, and is a second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency at a second PWM duty cycle of the control signal. In an operating condition, the first PWM duty cycle is less than the second PWM duty cycle and the first PWM pulse instantaneous frequency is less than the second PWM pulse instantaneous frequency.
An apparatus for analyzing currents in an electric load is provided with a current measuring circuit, which can be connected in series with the parallel circuit of the load branches, and a detector for detecting a change in the current when the switching element in a load branch is switched on or off. The apparatus also has an analysis unit which is connected to the control unit and to the detector and
analyzes the temporal correlation of a control signal for switching a switching element in a load branch on or off with the detection of the change in the current and/or
analyzes the change in the current at a plurality of times of switching a relevant switching element in a load branch or the switching elements in a plurality of load branches.
G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
H03K 17/16 - Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
G01R 29/027 - Indicating that a pulse characteristic is either above or below a predetermined value or within or beyond a predetermined range of values
23.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE FOR A SAFETY-RELEVANT LOAD
Control circuitry for the load voltage of a safety-relevant load is sensitive to values of the load voltage outside a safe voltage range. The control circuitry includes a seventh node, a reference potential, a dominant main control circuit, and a non-dominant emergency control circuit. The seventh node is part of the dominant main control circuit, and not part of the non-dominant emergency control circuit. The load voltage of the safety relevant load drops between the seventh node and the reference potential. The dominant main control circuit includes the load voltage as a control parameter, whereas the non-dominant emergency control circuit does not. In the event of an uninterrupted dominant main control circuit, the load voltage depends on the load voltage, and in the event of an interrupted dominant main control circuit, does NOT depend on the load voltage but is controlled nevertheless.
B60R 21/017 - Electrical circuits for triggering safety arrangements in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to the safety arrangements
G05F 1/56 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
24.
Device for initiating a protective function in a vehicle
A safety-related device for use in vehicles, includes a microcomputer, a micro-electronic circuit, a first data bus interface, a second data bus interface, a safety unit (Safety-Agent), a PSI5 sensor link, and a sensor signal simulation unit which can simulate a sensor. The safety unit (Safety-Agent) is controlled via the first data interface by the microcomputer. The sensor signal simulation unit and the sensor interface and the switching between same via the second data interface is controlled via the microcomputer.
B60R 21/017 - Electrical circuits for triggering safety arrangements in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to the safety arrangements
Disclosed is a driver stage for activating a first ultrasonic transducer and a method for the operation thereof. The driver stage comprises a first charge pump or power source and a first capacitor. The driver stage also comprises first means for charging the first capacitor with electrical energy from the charge pump and second means for connecting the first capacitor and ultrasonic transducer to different polarities. The first means do not charge the first capacitor with energy from the charge pump or power source when the first capacitor is connected to the ultrasonic transducer by the second means.
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
B06B 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
H03K 17/51 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components
A method for identifying bus nodes in a bus system makes it possible to be able to operate bus slaves of two different types in mixed systems. The detection of which bus slave has not yet been allocated an address in an addressing phase is carried out differently depending on a type of the bus slave. In all cases, however, the bus slave connected to the bus line farthest away from the bus master is identified as that bus slave to which an address is to be allocated.
A method to operate an ultrasonic sensor includes the step of sending an ultrasonic burst as a series of ultrasonic pulses that have a pulse length and a pulse spacing. The sum of the pulse length and pulse spacing represents the pulse period length. The ultrasonic burst starts at a first time and ends at a second time. The current pulse frequency corresponds to an inverse of the current pulse length. The current pulse frequency, during a first time period passes through a first frequency range, in a following middle time period a middle frequency range and in a following second time period a second frequency range. The length of time of the middle time period is equal to or longer than the sum of the first time period and the second time period.
A self-testing measuring system includes at least three modes: an operating mode and at least two test modes. In a third test mode, a digital signal generating unit stimulates the digital input circuit directly by means of test signals. In a second test mode, the digital signal generating unit stimulates the analogue signal string and the digital input circuit by means of test signals. In a first test mode, the digital signal generating unit stimulates the analogue signal string, the measuring unit (typically an ultrasound transducer) and the digital input circuit by means of test signals, thereby allowing this signal string to be tested. In the operating mode, the digital signal generating unit stimulates the analogue signal string, the measuring unit (typically an ultrasound transducer) and the digital input circuit by means of output signals, thereby allowing the signal string to be monitored for parameter compliance.
G01S 15/931 - Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
A device for supplying at least two LED chains with electricity detects and then signals an interruption in the current path through the LED chains. A sub-device, in the event of a short circuit of an LED within a first LED chain, brings about a detection and/or a subsequent signalling of an interruption of the current path within another LED chain of these at least two LED chains. The associated method comprises the steps of detecting the short circuit of an individual LED in a first LED chain and of interrupting, as a result, the flow of current through at least one other LED chain and subsequently detecting this interruption of the flow of current through the other LED chain by means of the interruption detection system already existing as required.
H05B 45/46 - Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] - Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
H05B 45/50 - Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
Disclosed is a light module and a matching housing for a bus node. The light module is provided to be used in a data bus system for transmitting data for light-emitting components via a differential two-wire data bus. The data bus transmits data between a bus master and at least two bus nodes. The data bus is divided by the bus nodes into at least two two-wire data bus sections. The housing comprises at least two rows of connections arranged opposite each other. Each row comprises one negative supply voltage connection and one positive supply voltage connection, which are arranged to be connected in pairs without intersection. The two connections for each of the respective two-wire data bus sections are arranged between the connections for the supply voltages in each row. A light-emitting component is arranged in a recess of the housing.
Disclosed is a method for transmitting data via a vehicle data bus from an ultrasonic system, which comprises at least one ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver, to a data processing device, wherein predetermined signal profile characteristics are extracted from the echo signal received by the at least one ultrasonic receiver of the ultrasonic system. Echo signal data, which represent signal profile characteristics extracted from the echo signal, is created. Said echo signal data is transmitted from the ultrasonic system via the vehicle data bus to the data processing device.
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 7/00 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , ,
G01S 7/539 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
G01S 13/86 - Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
Data transmission method for a two-wire data bus from a transmitter having ports to a receiver having ports. The method comprises the steps of: detecting a first common-mode voltage swing on the ports and forming a first common-mode signal. Detecting a second common-mode voltage swing on the ports and forming a second common-mode signal. The transmitter sending data via the two-wire data bus. The receiver receiving the data. The voltage difference on the ports being compared with a lower and an upper reception threshold, wherein an output of an apparatus element assumes a first or second level on the basis of this comparison. Raising the differential send level if the absolute value of the first common-mode signal is greater than a first threshold value. Raising the upper reception threshold and/or lowering the lower reception threshold if the absolute value of the second common-mode signal is greater than a second threshold value. The method allows the transmission of a datum from the transmitter to the receiver. On the basis of the result of the comparison of the absolute value of the detected first common-mode signal with a first threshold value, the upper reception threshold is raised and/or the lower reception threshold is lowered whenever this absolute value of the first common-mode signal is greater than this first threshold value.
The disclosure relates to a watchdog for monitoring a processor. The watchdog sends messages to the processor which subsequently sends back its own status information and optionally the status information of system components and the test results thereof at predetermined times as answers to the watchdog. The watchdog comprises at least one result memory in the form of, e.g., a shift register in which the watchdog records the history of the answers and examines patterns in erroneous answers. The recording is generated by a trigger event which can be the reception of individual answers and/or the end of scheduled reception time periods. According to the patterns, signalizations are carried out on the processor and/or other system components, which optionally introduce measures and adapt their structure and/or the implemented programs and/or the priority of said implementations.
In a method for generating a blocking moment in a standstill state of an electrically commutated electric motor having at least two windings, on which electric motor a possibly varying load moment acts from outside in the standstill state, first, a blocking current is supplied at a maximum value into a first winding. This blocking current is successively reduced to, possibly, a minimum value. From that moment the inductivity of the electric motor is controlled, namely by controlling the blocking current if the control deviation between the actual value and the set value of the inductivity exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Thereby, it is possible to control the blocking current in an adaptive manner insofar as, despite a varying load moment, the standstill state of the electric motor can be maintained by varying the blocking current.
B60L 50/16 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
H02P 6/185 - Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using inductance sensing, e.g. pulse excitation
H02P 3/08 - Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
The disclosure relates to a light module and the matching housing for a bus node. The light module is provided to be used in a data bus system for transmitting data for light-emitting components via a differential two-wire data bus. The data bus transmits data between a bus master and at least two bus nodes. The data bus is divided by the bus nodes into at least two two-wire data bus sections. The housing comprises at least two rows of connections arranged opposite each other. Each row comprises one negative supply voltage connection and one positive supply voltage connection, which are arranged to be connected in pairs without intersection. The two connections for each of the respective two-wire data bus sections are arranged between the connections for the supply voltages in each row. A light-emitting component is arranged in a recess of the housing.
A method for detecting an obstacle utilizing reflected ultrasonic waves, comprises transmitting an ultrasonic burst transmission signal by an ultrasonic transmitter to a detection area to be observed and receiving an ultrasonic signal reflected by an obstacle in the detection area by an ultrasonic receiver as an ultrasonic reception signal. In the ultrasonic reception signal at least one echo is detected resulting from an obstacle. The echo section of the ultrasonic reception signal belonging to the echo is transformed from the time domain into the frequency domain. The frequency spectrum of the echo section is then examined for the presence of at least one of a plurality of predetermined spectral characteristics, wherein each spectral characteristic is representative of a predetermined obstacle type or a plurality of predetermined obstacle types. The echo section is allocated to a predetermined obstacle type based on the examination.
The disclosure relates to a method and an associated device for detecting uneven surfaces in vehicle environments. The method comprises emitting a first ultrasonic pulse or first ultrasonic burst and emitting a second ultrasonic pulse or second ultrasonic burst, and receiving a first reflection signal of the first ultrasonic pulse or a first reflection signal of the first ultrasonic burst and receiving a second reflection signal of the second ultrasonic pulse or a second reflection signal of the second ultrasonic burst. In the further course of the method, a comparison is made of the first reflection signal with the second reflection signal, and the presence of a surface unevenness in the vehicle's environment, or the presence of a surface curvature in the vehicle's environment, is determined.
B60W 40/02 - Estimation or calculation of driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit related to ambient conditions
38.
Faulty load detection for multi-phase electric motor
An electric motor is electrically commutated with the aid of circuitry, in which the phase current experiences a zero crossing at certain time points per motor phase. Owing to the inductive load portion, the time of said zero crossing of a phase current occurs at different times to the time of the zero crossing that would arise with purely ohmic loads. Without a faulty load condition, the time of said zero crossing is within an expected value range (e.g., expected time window) which can be determined by the circuitry, the ambient conditions and by diverse motor parameters. During occurrence of the a high-side and/or low-side phase connection, it is determined whether and when the current through the switched-on high-side of low-side switch becomes greater or smaller than a predeterminable threshold wherein said time measurement can extend over one or more PWM cycles.
A method for obtaining an indication of a faulty load condition of a multi-phase electric motor includes: (a) starting, a time measurement unit, (b) measuring a recirculation time interval for as long as a current that continues to flow has a magnitude larger than a threshold value, (c) continuing, in case the recirculation time interval is not terminated during the switch-off interval, the time measurement at least in a next switch-off interval, (d) repeating, for additional switch-off intervals the steps (a), (b), and (c) for respective motor phases, (e) comparing (1) the measured recirculation time intervals for respective motor phases with each other and/or (2) for one motor phase in sequential succession with each other and/or (3) with the expectation value of the respective motor phase, and (f) determining, based on a deviation, the indication of the faulty load condition.
G01K 11/22 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using measurement of acoustic effects
G01K 11/26 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using measurement of acoustic effects of resonant frequencies
G10K 11/02 - Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
G01H 11/04 - Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by magnetic means, e.g. reluctance using magnetostrictive devices
G01K 7/20 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit
A61B 8/00 - Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
G01K 7/34 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using capacitative elements
B06B 1/06 - Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
A bus node is capable of performing a method, for the assigning of bus node addresses to bus nodes of a serial data bus. The method is performed with the aid of bus shunt resistors in the individual bus nodes of the data bus system in an assignment time period. After the assigning of bus node addresses to the bus nodes in the assignment time period, there follows an operating time period. For this purpose, the bus node comprises such a bus shunt resistor. The bus node is characterized by a bus shunt bypass switch which, prior to assigning a bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is opened and which after the assignment of bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is closed, and which is closed in the operating time period.
G06F 3/00 - Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
H04L 29/12 - Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups characterised by the data terminal
G06F 13/42 - Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
A bus node is capable of performing a method for the assigning of bus node addresses to bus nodes of a serial data bus. The method is performed with the aid of bus shunt resistors in the individual bus nodes of the data bus system in an assignment time period. After the assigning of bus node addresses to the bus nodes in the assignment time period, there follows an operating time period. For this purpose, the bus node comprises such a bus shunt resistor. The bus node is characterized by a bus shunt bypass switch which, prior to assigning a bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is opened and which after the assignment of bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is closed, and which is closed in the operating time period.
G06F 3/00 - Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
H04L 29/12 - Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups characterised by the data terminal
G06F 13/42 - Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
A bus node is capable of performing a method, for the assigning of bus node addresses to bus nodes of a serial data bus. The method is performed with the aid of bus shunt resistors in the individual bus nodes in an assignment time period. After assigning bus node addresses to the bus nodes of the serial data bus system in the assignment time period, there follows an operating time period. For this purpose, the bus node comprises such a bus shunt resistor. The bus node is characterized by a bus shunt bypass switch which, prior to assigning a bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is opened and which after the assignment of bus node address to the bus node in the assignment time period is closed, and which is closed in the operating time period.
G06F 3/00 - Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
G06F 13/42 - Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
H04L 29/12 - Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a single one of groups characterised by the data terminal
G01S 7/48 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 7/4865 - Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
G01S 17/10 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
45.
Method for transmitting data representing ultrasonic measurement signals, in particular in a vehicle
In the method for transmitting data representing an ultrasonic measurement signal of an ultrasonic measuring device, in particular for a vehicle, from a transmitter to a receiver a digitized analog ultrasonic measurement signal is provided in the transmitter. On the transmitter side the ultrasonic measurement signal is sampled at a multiple of its frequency and divided into individual successive blocks of sampling values. The sampling values of the sampled ultrasonic measurement signal are transformed in blocks into the frequency range. Those frequency portions of the spectrum whose amplitude is smaller than a presettable threshold value, or the frequency portions of the spectrum above an upper frequency limit value and/or below a lower frequency limit value are removed. The amplitude range covered by the remaining frequency spectrum is scaled by a scaling factor for further reduction of the data. The data of each block with the scaling factor assigned to the respective block are transmitted to the receiver. On the receiver side the scaling of the amplitude range of the frequency spectrum of each block is reversed using the respective scaling factor and the frequency spectrum is transformed back into the time range.
G01S 7/53 - Means for transforming co-ordinates or for evaluating data, e.g. using computers
G01S 15/93 - Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
H03M 7/30 - Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
G01S 7/00 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , ,
The invention relates to an ultrasonic measuring system (10), in particular for measuring distance and/or as a parking aid in vehicles, having an electroacoustic ultrasonic transducer (12) which has a oscillating element (14), does not have a voltage converter, can be alternately operated as an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver and has a signal connection (16), which is used either as an input or as an output of the ultrasonic transducer (12), and an earth connection (18) which is connected to earth, and a control and evaluation unit (20) for exciting the oscillating element (14) of the ultrasonic transducer (12) to emit ultrasonic waves for operating the ultrasonic transducer (12) during a transmission interval for the purpose of subsequently deactivating the excitation of the oscillating element (14) and attenuating the latter during a decay phase and for receiving and processing ultrasonic waves in a reception interval. The control and evaluation unit (20) has a bridge circuit (28) which is connected to a DC supply voltage (80) and has controllable switches (30 to 40) and a charge storage capacitance (42), the polarity of which can be reversed and which is intended to alternately output a positive and a negative excitation voltage for the signal connection (16) of the ultrasonic transducer (12) during the transmission interval. The control and evaluation unit (20) outputs a voltage pulse of substantially 0 V at the end of the transmission interval for the signal connection (16) of the ultrasonic transducer (12).
G01S 15/931 - Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
G01S 7/523 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group - Details of pulse systems
B06B 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
B60Q 9/00 - Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
An apparatus for measuring the capacitance to be measured is proposed. It comprises a first sine-wave oscillator, the measuring oscillator, and a second sine-wave oscillator, the reference oscillator. The frequency of the output signal of the measuring oscillator, hereinafter also referred to as measuring frequency, is dependent on the capacitance to be measured. The frequency of the output signal of the reference oscillator, hereinafter also referred to as reference frequency, is dependent on a reference capacitance. The apparatus comprises a sub-apparatus which produces the ratio of the frequency value of the frequency of the output signal of the reference oscillator and the frequency value of the frequency of the output signal of the measuring oscillator and subsequently squares this ratio to provide the result of this squaring as a measured value.
G01R 27/26 - Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants
H03B 5/20 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator
48.
Communication network for transmission of messages
The communication network for transmission of messages at different transmission rates comprises a bus line and a plurality of bus participants each of which includes a bus transceiver connected to the bus line and a control unit coupled with said bus transceiver, inter alia, for converting messages received via the bus line and for generating messages to be sent via the bus line, wherein each message includes control data and payload. The messages include first messages whose payload is transmitted via the bus line at a first rate and second messages whose payload is transmitted via the bus line at a second rate which is higher than the first rate, wherein the control data of each message contain a coding representing the transmission rate of the payload of the respective message. The bus participants include first bus participants which can exclusively process a first payload and second bus participants which can process both first and second messages, wherein the bus transceiver of each first bus participant, upon detection of the coding indicating the second payload transmission rate when receiving a second message, substitutes the payload of this second message by a substitute payload and transmits this substitute payload at the first rate to the control unit.
A system for measuring a sensor having two terminals includes first and second transistors with first and second control signal inputs connected to the sensor terminals. The system further includes a current divider including a reference current input, a current divider control input and first and second current outputs connected to the first and second transistors. First and second load circuits are connected to the first and second transistors at first and second differential output nodes. First and second integrating circuits are connected to the first and second differential output nodes. A comparator is driven by first and second differential output nodes. The comparator output controls a digital integrator. A value of a current divider control signal driving the current divider control input depends at least indirectly from the digital integrator.
H03M 3/00 - Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
G08B 13/191 - Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems using pyroelectric sensor means
H03B 5/12 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
50.
Faulty load detection for multi-phase electric motor
An electric motor is electrically commutated with the aid of circuitry, in which the phase current experiences a zero crossing at certain time points per motor phase. Owing to the inductive load portion, the time of said zero crossing of a phase current occurs at different times to the time of the zero crossing that would arise with purely ohmic loads. Without a faulty load condition, the time of said zero crossing is within an expected value range (e.g., expected time window) which can be determined by the circuitry, the ambient conditions and by diverse motor parameters. During occurrence of the a high-side and/or low-side phase connection, it is determined whether and when the current through the switched-on high-side of low-side switch becomes greater or smaller than a predeterminable threshold wherein said time measurement can extend over one or more PWM cycles.
The apparatus for supplying at least one consumer with electrical energy or for providing electrical power for at least one consumer from an on-board motor vehicle electrical system is provided with a control circuit, which is designed as an IC and has an input by means of which electrical energy can be supplied to the control circuit from the on-board motor vehicle electrical system, and having at least a first output and a second output, wherein a consumer can be supplied with electrical energy from the on-board motor vehicle electrical system by the control circuit by means of each of said two outputs, or the control circuit can provide electrical power for a consumer by means of said outputs, at least one external resistor, which is arranged outside the IC, for emitting possible lost electrical power outside the IC, wherein firstly the external resistor is connected to the second output of the control circuit, and secondly the consumer can be connected to the external resistor. The setpoint value for the electrical power of the consumer, which electrical power can be controlled by the control circuit, can be specified. Distributing the electrical energy for the consumer or the electrical power which is provided for said consumer between the at least two outputs of the control circuit can be controlled by said control circuit depending on at least one distribution parameter. Said distribution parameter can be supplied to the control circuit or determined in the control circuit.
B60R 16/03 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems
H05B 33/08 - Circuit arrangements for operating electroluminescent light sources
B60Q 11/00 - Arrangement of monitoring devices for devices provided for in groups
52.
Device for supplying light sources with energy in a manner extending service life
A circuit is disclosed for supplying energy to a sequential circuit of typically non-linear loads by a current source. The load is preferably a series circuit of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Said current-operated load, preferably a LED series circuit, consisting of one to N elements is partially short-circuited and thus dimmed.
A method for measuring transmission characteristics of a transmission path between a transmitter and a receiver. A first transmitter sends a first signal into a first transmission path. The first signal is detected by the receiver. A second transmitter sends a second signal into a second transmission path having known characteristics or characteristics that can be predetermined. The second signal is superimposed with the first signal. A transmission signal is intermittently distributed between the first and second transmitters in a controlled manner. The signal received by the receiver comprises first and second signal components to be assigned to the first and second transmitters, respectively. The first signal component averaged over a predefined time period essentially is exactly as large as the averaged second signal component and the deviation between the averaged signal components is at least intermittently used as control signal for the switching between the first and second transmitters.
A measurement device relates to a Halios system for measuring an optical transmission path, in which at least one receiver and a compensation transmitter are optically separated from each other by an optical barrier in such a matter that a direct irradiation of said receiver by said compensation transmitter is not possible. Said compensation transmitter and a transmitter are of the same type and/or have at least a common electric optical working point in an optical working point. Said optical barrier has a compensation path, characterized by a compensation window, which attenuates the light of the compensation transmitter before it hits the receiver in such a manner that the compensation transmitter and said transmitter are operated at least in an optical working point by a controller in said identical electro-optical working point.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
G01S 17/02 - Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
A system for measuring a sensor having two terminals includes first and second transistors with first and second control signal inputs connected to the sensor terminals. The system further includes a current divider including a reference current input, a current divider control input and first and second current outputs connected to the first and second transistors. First and second load circuits are connected to the first and second transistors at first and second differential output nodes. First and second integrator circuits are connected to the first and second differential output nodes. A comparator is driven by first and second differential output nodes. The comparator output controls a digital filter. A value of the a current divider control signal driving the current divider control input depends at least indirectly from the digital filter output.
G08B 13/191 - Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems using pyroelectric sensor means
H03M 3/00 - Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
56.
Device and method for generating and evaluating ultrasound signals, particularly for determining the distance of a vehicle from an obstacle
In the device and method for generating and evaluating ultrasound signals, particularly for determining the distance of a vehicle from an obstacle, an ultrasound received signal is received by at least one ultrasound receiver subscriber of a data bus, after a burst transmission signal comprising a plurality of ultrasound pulses and having a burst length has been transmitted by at least one ultrasound transmitter subscriber of the data bus. The ultrasound received signal is subdivided into time sections which are substantially equal to half the burst length. The peak value for each time section of the ultrasound received signal is transmitted via the data bus to a central control and evaluation unit. On the basis of the peak values of the received signal for each time section, taking into account threshold value tracking, it is determined in the control and evaluation unit whether the ultrasound received signal has time sections in which the ultrasound received signal is greater than the tracked threshold value or equal to the tracked threshold value.
G01S 15/10 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
G01S 15/02 - Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
G01S 7/52 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 13/93 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
57.
Method for operating a transceiver of a bus participant connected to a data bus
The method is used for operating a transceiver of a bus participant connected to a data bus, the arrangement additionally having a control unit, wherein the transceiver is connected between the data bus and the control unit and obtains commands and operating data for its operation in accordance with the bus protocol, and receives and transmits useful data via the data bus. For its operation in this method, the transceiver receives, at its inputs and/or outputs provided for the useful data and connected to the data bus and the control unit, commands from the control unit or transmitted via the data bus, and is operated accordingly if such a command is received.
The apparatus for selectively transmitting the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation within a predefined wavelength range is provided with a carrier (115), a pinhole diaphragm which is arranged above the carrier (115) and is made of a material that is substantially impermeable to the radiation of interest, wherein the pinhole diaphragm has at least one radiation passage opening with a size for allowing through radiation at a wavelength which is less than or equal to a predefinable upper limit wavelength, and an electrically insulating and optically transparent dielectric layer (103) which is formed on the carrier (115) inside the radiation passage opening and extends, in a manner adjoining the radiation passage opening, between the carrier (115) and at least one section below the pinhole diaphragm. The dielectric layer (103) has a thickness which is less than or equal to half a predefinable lower limit wavelength which is less than the upper limit wavelength.
A device for measuring a measured optical transmission path includes a first optical transmitter transmitting into the measured optical tramsmission path and a compensation transmitter transmitting into a compensation optical transmission path. The device includes an optical receiver for receiving transmissions from each of the first optical transmitter and the compensation transmitter. A controller controls the compensation transmitter and provides a controller output signal representative of a measured value of the first transmission path. A nose piece separates the optical transmitter from the optical receiver. The compensation transmitter is placed in a first cavity. The receiver is placed in a second cavity. A filter in the measured optical transmission path has a transmissivity for the wavelength of the light of the first optical transmitter of at least 50% and an absorption factor for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter of at least 25%.
H04B 10/08 - Equipment for monitoring, testing or fault measuring
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
G01S 17/02 - Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
The communication network for transmission of messages at different transmission rates comprises a bus line (10) and a plurality of bus participants (14, 16) each of which includes a bus transceiver (22) connected to the bus line (10) and a control unit (18) coupled with said bus transceiver, inter alia, for converting messages received via the bus line (10) and for generating messages to be sent via the bus line (10), wherein each message includes control data and payload. The messages include first messages whose payload is transmitted via the bus line (10) at a first rate and second messages whose payload is transmitted via the bus line (10) at a second rate which is higher than the first rate, wherein the control data of each message contain a coding representing the transmission rate of the payload of the respective message. The bus participants (14, 16) include first bus participants (14) which can exclusively process a first payload and second bus participants (16) which can process both first and second messages, wherein the bus transceiver (22) of each first bus participant, upon detection of the coding indicating the second payload transmission rate when receiving a second message, substitutes the payload of this second message by a substitute payload and transmits this substitute payload at the first rate to the control unit (18).
Method and sensor system for measuring the transmission properties of a first transmission path based on feedback compensation between a first transmitter and a receiver, a compensation signal of a compensation transmitter being received in a superimposed manner in the receiver in addition to the emitted transmission signal of the first transmitter. A supply signal for the first transmitter and a receiver output signal each form a vector in a pre-Hilbert space. A Hilbert projection is performed between the receiver output signal and the supply signal so that a projection image signal is generated. An output signal is formed from the projection image signal. A pre-signal is generated by an inverse transformation of the output signal with the supply signal. A compensation signal for supplying the compensation transmitter is generated from the pre-signal formed in order to achieve feedback control of the receiver output signal.
A receiver compensation system and method to operate the receiver compensation system are disclosed. The compensation sensor system includes at least one receiver and at least one control loop. The method to operate the receiver compensation system is characterized in that the receiver is adjusted in its sensitivity by a control signal such that in the case of changes of an input received by the receiver, a control signal of the control loop resets an associated receiver output signal, except for a control error. Further, at least one other signal of the control loop represents or contains a measurement of the change of the input received by the receiver.
The method for operating a UWB device having at least one transmitting antenna and/or at least one receiving antenna comprises the following steps: controlling the transmitting antenna (12) or the receiving antenna (12′) with a control pulse signal (13,13′) having a sequence of substantially sinusoidal pulses of alternating polarity and differing amplitudes and particularly having the waveform of a fifth-order Gaussian pulse signal, wherein the transmitting antenna (12) can be alternately supplied with current pulses of differing polarity and differing magnitude by switching on and off first electronic switch units (16) that are coupled to the transmitting antenna (12) and have resistances associated with the amplitudes of the pulses to be generated, wherein each first switch unit (16) has a specifiable, particularly equal, number of first switching transistors (18,19), each having substantially identical on-state resistance values (R), wherein the resistance of a first switch unit is adjusted either by using only one of the first switching transistors (18,19) or by using a plurality of first switching transistors (18,19) connected in parallel, and wherein the first switch units (16) are controlled sequentially according to a specifiable temporal schema and each for a control time interval of a predetermined length.
H04B 1/00 - TRANSMISSION - Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
H04B 1/707 - Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
G01S 7/03 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group - Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
G01S 13/02 - Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
G01S 13/28 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses
The device for ambient light compensation for use in optical sensors exposed to both useful light and ambient light comprises at least one first photodiode and at least one second photodiode, the at least one first photodiode being adapted to be exposed to substantially the same useful light and ambient light as the at least one second photodiode. The device further comprises a current mirror circuit having an input and an output, the at least one first photodiode being connected to the input of the current mirror circuit, and the at least one second photodiode being connected to the output of the current mirror circuit. The current mirror circuit comprises a lowpass filter connected between the input and the output of the current mirror circuit. The output of the current mirror circuit provides an output signal representing the useful signal compensated for ambient light.
G01J 1/32 - Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detector, e.g. by varying incidence angle using variation of intensity or distance of source using electric radiation detectors adapted for automatic variation of the measured or reference value
65.
Method and device for compensating for load factors in permanently excited motors
The invention relates methods and devices for compensating for load factors in permanently excited motors, wherein the rotor position is determined from the inductivities of the phases. The methods and devices are characterized by a stabilization of the inductivity-based signals for the determination of the position of the rotor in permanently excited motors against load factors. To this end, advantageously current-dependent faults of the angular values determined during the operation of the motor are corrected. For this purpose, in order to correct the inductivity-based determination of the position of the rotor, in a measuring device either the phase currents are measured or the intermediate circuit current is captured. Furthermore, including at least one motor-specific characteristic value, at least one current-dependent correction value, which is determined from said characteristic value, is applied in a correction device against the inductivity-based signals, which result from the inductivity-based determination of the position of the rotor, of a device for determining the inductivities such that switch states, which are loaded with the correction value by a control device and thus are corrected, are present at a converter for actuating the motor.
A method for detecting blockages of unipolar stepper motors by analyzing the motor current supply, comprising impressing a current into one or more motor windings using a controllable switch, wherein the switch selectively connects a respective motor winding connection to a supply voltage connection and wherein the connections of each motor winding lying at a common potential are permanently connected to a second supply voltage connection, wherein a current feed variant has phases between the switching of the motor windings, in which phases the motor winding connections are switched with high resistance; detecting the voltage at a motor winding connection at least for the high-resistance phase and comparing the voltage to a threshold; detecting a time interval for which the voltage is greater than the threshold; comparing interval lengths for several motor winding connections, and detecting a blockage based on the comparisons of interval lengths.
H02P 8/36 - Protection against faults, e.g. against overheating or step-out; Indicating faults
H02P 6/00 - Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
H02P 6/18 - Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
A method for the switching of participants of a bus system from a first state with reduced energy consumption to a second state with increased energy consumption relative to the first state, wherein, for communication between the participants of the bus system, data frames are transmitted which comprise, inter alia, a message identification field (e.g. CAN message) and a useful-data field (e.g. CAN payload), wherein, according to said method, each participant, for switching from the first state to the second state, reacts on data frames with respectively predetermined data contents in the message identification field as well as in the useful-data field. Further, in the bus system, for selective switching of a participant from the first state to the second state, those data frames will be transmitted on whose message-identification-field contents and useful data-field-contents the selectively addressable participant reacts.
The interference-compensated sensor for detecting an object located in a detection area in a contactless manner, particularly a rain sensor, is provided with a first and a second measuring channel each having a control device and an output, wherein both measuring channels are substantially identical. The sensor further comprises a main subtractor having an output for outputting the difference of the signals at the outputs of the measuring channels. The sensor is provided with a controller unit having an input that is connected to the output of the main subtractor and with an output for outputting a controller signal, by means of which the two measuring channels can be controlled in such a way that the signal at the output of the main subtractor can be controlled to zero. By means of the magnitude of the signal at the output of the controller, it can be determined if an object is located in the detection area.
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
B60S 1/08 - Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
In an inductive position sensor for determining the position, particularly the rotation angle, of a movable element, at least two subsystems are provided, which each have second transmitting units with an actuating unit, an oscillating circuit on the movable element, and a receiving unit with an evaluating unit. According to the invention, it is provided that the operation of the individual subsystems is carried out alternately. Thus, if one subsystem is operating, all other subsystems are deactivated. In this way, all subsystems are individually operated in a consecutive manner. The synchronization required to do so is provided by a non-galvanic coupling of the subsystems, and in particular by an inductive coupling by way of preferably existing inductances of the subsystems.
G01B 7/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
70.
Digital optimal filter for periodically alternating signals
A digital optimal filter having an especially sinusoidal pulse response uses a filter structure with a recursive and a transversal portion. The transversal portion comprises filter coefficients for the representation of scan results of half a period of the sinusoidal pulse response signal. The recursive filter structure is used to change the sign after generation of the scan results for half a period and to mark the start and the end of the pulse response. A plurality of periods can lie in between the start and the end of the pulse response, this is why the digital optimal filter can be used to extract especially sinusoidal burst signals from an original signal, namely in digital technology, which is advantageous for the implementation of IC's.
An inductive position sensor, which in particular is a rotational angle sensor, is provided with two first transmitter units for the generation of two site-dependent first alternating fields having the same carrier frequency, and at least one oscillating circuit arranged in or on an element which may be moved within the alternating field and the position of which is to be determined. The oscillating circuit can be energized by the total alternating field and generates a oscillating-circuit alternating field having the same carrier frequency as the first alternating fields. The position sensor is further provided with at least one receiver unit which receives the oscillating-circuit alternating field, and an analysis unit for determining the phase shift between the oscillating-circuit alternating field and at least one of the two first alternating fields, wherein the two first alternating fields may each be generated by a carrier frequency signal on which substantially identical, substantially 90° phase-shifted modulation signals are modulated. Each carrier frequency signal may be generated by application of a square-wave alternating voltage to the first transmitter units, the repetition frequency of said voltage being equal to the carrier frequency. The modulation signal is a pulse density signal having a pulse density changing over time for generation of a signal development having a substantially sine or cosine wave form. The square wave signal is applied to the first transmitter units for the duration of the pulse density signal.
G01B 7/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
72.
Method for addressing the participants of a bus system
In the method for addressing the participants of a bus system, the central control unit connects the bus line to one potential of the operating voltage, while each participant tries to pull the bus line to a reference potential, normally the operating voltage, wherein, due to the current source behavior of the switch placing the bus to the operating voltage, a current is detectable by a detector arranged in the bus line and associated with the participant. When the participant detects this decrease of current, said participant switches off its switch. Due to time-defined slow connection of the switched current sources, this process takes place sequentially within a group of participants until the last participant is reached. The detector associated with this participant does in no case detect a current, such that, after elapse of a predeterminable on-period, the switch of this participant is still open. Thus one of the participants from the group of all participants is specified such that an address can now be allocated to this participant. During further addressing cycles the remaining participants are subjected to the same process, wherein the switch of the participant already addressed remains open all the time.
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