JOHNSON MATTHEY PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY (United Kingdom)
GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC (USA)
Inventor
Aydin, Ceren
Bannon, Patrick
Markatou, Penelope
Mital, Rahul
Murray, Dennis
Thomas, Eric, Darvin
Abstract
Methods and systems related to an exhaust gas treatment system including, in order: (i) a first means for injecting a nitrogenous reductant; (ii) a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst; (iii) an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC); and (iv) a second selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, wherein the ASC comprises an SCR catalyst and a supported palladium (Pd) component.
B01J 29/72 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
2.
THREE-WAY CATALYST WITH REDUCED PALLADIUM LOADING AND METHOD OF MAKING THE THREE-WAY CATALYST
Fluorinated ionomers (i.e., ion conducting polymers) that include a fluorinated polymer backbone with covalently bound pendent groups that include heteropolyacid (HP A) groups, or salts thereof, and perfluorosulfonic acid (PF SA) groups, or salts thereof, as well as polymer electrolyte membranes, fuel cells, and methods..
H01M 8/1027 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
A flange connector assembly for connecting trim pieces of a vehicle. A first male portion having an end portion connected to a first trim part and a second female portion connected to a trim part end to be attached to the first trim part. The first male portion has a connection portion with a T-shaped cross section and the second portion has a second connecting portion with a T-shaped cavity. The first male connecting portion and the second female connecting portion fit to precisely engage each other and retain the trim portion to be attached. The protruding T-shaped portion includes raised tuning flanges and is capable of adjusting up/down, inboard/outboard or twist fine tuning for providing alignment adjustment to the trim pieces via adjustment of the flange heights in the mold and providing new precisely adjusted T-flanges for providing a tuned butt connection of a trim strip for instance.
A window regulator may include a first guide rail assembly, that may be coupled to the door panel and including a first guide rail, a first pulley and a second pulley. The first slider may be configured to receive the window pane and translate along the first guide rail to move the window pane between an open position and a closed position. The first cable may be coupled to a drive and engaged with the first pulley and may be fixed to the first slider such that actuation of the drive moves the first slider and the window pane into the opening. The spring may be disposed between an end of the first cable and a portion of the first slider. The spring may be configured to bias the slider and an edge of the window pane towards the A-side beam or the B-side beam.
E05F 11/48 - Man-operated mechanisms for operating wings, including those which also operate the fastening for sliding windows, e.g. vehicle windows, to be opened or closed by vertical movement operated by cords or chains
6.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE CONTROL BASED UPON OBSERVED ACCELERATION
Described herein are various technologies that pertain to controlling an AV based upon forward-looking observations of road surface behavior. With more specificity, technologies described herein pertain to controlling maneuvering of an AV in a region of a driving environment based upon an observed acceleration of an object in that region of the driving environment. A plurality of positions of an object in the driving environment are determined from output of sensors mounted on the AV. An acceleration of the object is computed based upon the positions. The AV is subsequently controlled based upon the computed acceleration.
An autonomous vehicle including a sensor system that outputs a sensor signal indicative of a condition of the autonomous vehicle. The vehicle also includes a user interface device with a display. A computing system determines, based upon a profile of the passenger, that support is to be provided textually to the passenger when the support is provided to the passenger. The computing system further detects occurrence of an event that has been identified as potentially causing discomfort to the passenger. The computing system yet further sets a predefined support message defined in an account corresponding to the event maintained in a database prior to occurrence of the event as a support message to be presented to the passenger. The computing system additionally causes the display to present the support message textually, wherein the textual support message solicits feedback from the passenger of the autonomous vehicle.
A battery maintenance system includes an enclosure including a plurality of walls. A plurality of battery cells are located in the enclosure and surrounded by electrolyte. An electrolyte agitator such as a piezoelectric device is attached to at least one of the walls of the enclosure and is configured to selectively agitate the electrolyte.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Various technologies described herein pertain to controlling an autonomous vehicle to provide indicators that signal a driving intent of the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle includes a plurality of sensor systems that generate a plurality of sensor signals, a notification system, and a computing system. The computing system determines that the autonomous vehicle is to execute a maneuver that will cause the autonomous vehicle to traverse a portion of a driving environment of the autonomous vehicle. The computing system predicts that a person in the driving environment is to traverse the portion of the driving environment based upon the plurality of sensor signals, and then controls the notification system to output a first indicator indicating that the autonomous vehicle plans to yield to the person or a second indicator indicating that the autonomous vehicle plans to execute the maneuver prior to the person traversing the portion of the driving environment.
B60Q 1/00 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
B60Q 1/26 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
B60Q 1/50 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking
B60Q 5/00 - Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
G05D 1/02 - Control of position or course in two dimensions
G08G 1/005 - Traffic control systems for road vehicles including pedestrian guidance indicator
G08G 1/01 - Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
Various technologies described herein pertain to multiple beam, single mirror lidar. A multiple beam, single mirror lidar system can include a 2D MEMS mirror and a photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit includes a plurality of lidar channels, each including a transmitter and a receiver. In the photonic integrated circuit, the lidar channels are directed at a common point on the 2D MEMS mirror. The lidar channels are oriented with relative offset angles. Thus, the lidar channels output beams that are directed at the common point on the 2D MEMS mirror and are oriented with relative offset angles.
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
G02B 26/12 - Scanning systems using multifaceted mirrors
G01S 7/48 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 17/32 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
G01S 17/42 - Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates
Various technologies described herein pertain to controlling an autonomous vehicle to provide indicators to distinguish the autonomous vehicle from other autonomous vehicles in a fleet. The autonomous vehicle includes a vehicle propulsion system, a braking system, a notification system, and a computing system. The notification system outputs an indicator that is perceivable external to the autonomous vehicle. The computing system receives data specifying an identity of a passenger to be picked up by the autonomous vehicle. Moreover, the computing system controls at least one of the vehicle propulsion system or the braking system to stop the autonomous vehicle for passenger pickup. Further, the computing system controls the notification system to output the indicator; a characteristic of the indicator outputted by the notification system is controlled based on the identity of the passenger to be picked up and whether the autonomous vehicle is stopped for passenger pickup.
B60W 30/16 - Control of distance between vehicles, e.g. keeping a distance to preceding vehicle
B60Q 1/50 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking
A service latch assembly for a vehicle is disclosed. The latch assembly includes a striker member and a latch mechanism configured to selectively engage and release the strike member. The latch mechanism includes a frame plate defining a guideway configured to receive the striker member, a striker guard inserted into the guideway, a latch member pivotally connected to the frame plate, a stop tab extending from a closed end of the guideway, a stop bumper inserted onto the stop tab, and an over-mold fitted over the latch member. The over-mold includes a pivot limiter bumper configured to cooperate with the stop bumper to limit the pivot of the latch member in an open position and a striker retention feature nested onto an edge retention surface of a first lever arm of the latch member.
E05B 79/10 - Connections between movable lock parts
E05B 77/04 - Preventing unwanted lock actuation, e.g. unlatching, at the moment of collision
E05B 85/26 - Cooperation between bolts and detents
E05B 83/24 - Locks for luggage compartments, car boot lids or car bonnets for car bonnets
E05B 77/38 - Cushion elements, elastic guiding elements or holding elements, e.g. for cushioning or damping the impact of the bolt against the striker during closing of the wing
E05B 77/40 - Lock elements covered by silencing layers, e.g. coatings
An autonomous vehicle including a vehicle propulsion system, a braking system, a steering system, and a computing system that is in communication with the vehicle propulsion system, the braking system, and the steering system. The computing system includes a processor and memory that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform acts including setting as a destination for a trip of the autonomous vehicle. The destination for the trip of the autonomous vehicle being set as a location of a second autonomous vehicle at a specific time. The processor is further configured to select a route to the destination for the trip of the autonomous vehicle. The processor is yet further configured to control at least one of the vehicle propulsion system, the braking system, or the steering system to move the autonomous vehicle along the route as selected for the trip.
An autonomous vehicle is described herein. The autonomous vehicle includes several sensor systems that asynchronously generate sensor system outputs. A batch generator system, executed by a processor, identifies batches of sensor system outputs to provide to an object classifier system, wherein the batches of sensor system outputs are identified based upon timing estimates, wherein the timing estimates include first timing estimates and second timing estimates. The first timing estimates include estimates of amounts of time needed by the object classifier system to complete processing of batches of different sizes. The second timing estimates includes estimates of when sensor system outputs are expected to be received from the several sensor systems.
Various technologies described herein pertain to controlling an autonomous vehicle (100) to suppress data corresponding to predefined static objects (304, 606) in a radar output generated by a radar sensor system (102). A computing system (112) of the autonomous vehicle retrieves prior data for a geographic location from a prior radar space map (120). The prior radar space map includes prior data for geographic locations in an environment corresponding to whether predefined static objects to be suppressed in radar outputs are located at the geographic locations. The computing system generates a score representative of a likelihood of a tracked object being at the geographic location based on data from the radar output for the geographic location, data from an output of a second sensor system (104) for the geographic location, and the prior data for the geographic location from the prior radar space map. An engine (106), braking system (108), and/or steering system (110) are controlled based on the score.
An autonomous vehicle is described herein. The autonomous vehicle comprises a first sensor and a second sensor having limited fields of view, an articulation system, and a computing system. The computing system determines a first region and a second region external to the autonomous vehicle based on a sensor prioritization scheme comprising a ranking of regions surrounding the autonomous vehicle. The computing system then causes the articulation system to orient the first sensor towards the first region and the second region towards the second region. Responsive to receiving a sensor signal from the first sensor indicating that an object has entered a field of view of the first sensor, the computing system determines a third region having a higher ranking than the second region within the sensor prioritization scheme. The computing system then causes the articulation system to orient the second sensor towards the third region.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
18.
LOW DENSITY PRESS-HARDENING STEEL HAVING ENHANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
A method of forming a shaped steel object is provided. The method includes cutting a blank from an alloy composition including 0.05-0.5 wt. %carbon, 4-12 wt. %manganese, 1-8 wt. %aluminum, 0-0.4 wt. %vanadium, and a remainder balance of iron. The method also includes heating the blank until the blank is austenitized to form a heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a press, forming the heating blank into a predetermined shape to form a stamped object, and decreasing the temperature of the stamped object to a temperature between a martensite start (Ms) temperature of the alloy composition and a martensite final (Mf) temperature of the alloy composition to form a shaped steel object comprising martensite and retained austenite.
A hybrid lithium ion capacitor battery and method of making the same is disclosed. The hybrid lithium ion capacitor battery includes a positive electrode separated from a negative electrode by a separator layer. A first activated carbon layer is disposed between the separator layer and one of the positive and negative electrodes. The first activated carbon layer is coated on a first surface of the separator layer. A second activated carbon layer is disposed between the separator layer and the other of the positive and negative electrodes. The second activated carbon layer is coated on a second surface of the separator layer. A first current collector coextensively contacts the first electrode and a second current collector coextensively contacts the second electrode. An electrolytic solution carries lithium cations between the positive and negative electrodes through the activated carbon coated separator layer.
4xyz2244; host material includes graphite, silicon, silicon-Li/Sn/Cu alloys, Si/Co/Fe/TiSn oxides, and low-surface area carbon; and capacitor material includes activated carbon, metal oxides, and metal sulfides.
A hybrid lithium-ion battery/capacitor cell(10) comprising at least a pair of graphite anodes(14,18) assembled with a lithium compound cathode(12) and an activated carbon capacitor electrode(16) can provide useful power performance properties and low temperature properties required for many power-utilizing applications. The initial formation of the graphite anodes(14,18) of this hybrid cell(10) combination is enhanced by including particles of a selected lithium compound with the activated carbon particles used in forming the capacitor electrode(16). The composition of the lithium compound is selected to produce lithium ions in the liquid electrolyte of the assembled cell(10) to enhance the in-situ lithiation of the graphite particles of the anodes(14,18) during formation cycles of the assembled hybrid cell(10).
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
H01G 11/08 - Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
23.
STEEL FOR HOT STAMPING WITH ENHANCED OXIDATION RESISTANCE
An alloy composition is provided. The alloy composition includes chromium (Cr) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt. %to less than or equal to about 9 wt. %, carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.15 wt.%to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt. %, manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt. %to less than or equal to about 3 wt. %, silicon (Si) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt. %to less than or equal to about 2 wt. %, and a balance of the alloy composition being iron. Methods of making shaped steel objects from the alloy composition are also provided.
Presented herein are intrusion detection systems and algorithms for networked vehicle controllers and devices, methods for making/using such systems and algorithms, and motor vehicles with a network of ECUs and network-profiling intrusion detection capabilities. A method for detecting intrusions into an onboard network of vehicle controllers includes determining the current state of operation of a vehicle, and identifying a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the vehicle's current state of operation. Network traffic flow for one of the in- vehicle controllers is monitored when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation. The method then determines if a traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary that is determined from the network traffic pattern table. Responsive to the monitored network traffic flow characteristic being outside the calibrated boundary, the method executes a remedial action response.
A method of laser welding together two or more overlapping metal workpieces (12, 14, or 12, 150, 14) included in a welding region (16) of a workpiece stack-up (10) involves advancing a beam spot (44) of a laser beam (24) relative to a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up along a first weld path (72) in a first direction (74) to form an elongated melt puddle (76) and, then, advancing the beam spot (44) of the laser beam (24) along a second weld path (78) in a second direction (80) that is opposite of the first direction while the elongated melt puddle is still in a molten state. The first weld path and the second weld path overlap so that the beam spot of the laser beam is conveyed through the elongated melt puddle when the beam spot is advanced along the second weld path.
A method for joining together metal workpieces (12, 14, 150) includes advancing a beam spot (44) of a laser beam (24) relative to the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) along a primary beam travel pattern (78) to create a molten metal portion (70) within the workpiece stack-up and, thereafter, reducing a power density of the laser beam and moving the beam spot of the laser beam relative to an upper surface (82) of the molten metal portion along a secondary beam travel pattern (84) to introduce heat into the molten metal portion such that the molten metal portion is prevented from fully solidifying and at least an upper region (86) of the molten metal portion that includes the upper surface is maintained in a molten state. The laser beam is then removed from the molten metal portion to allow the molten metal portion to solidify into a laser weld joint (66). The laser weld joint have a smooth top surface.
Lithium-based and sodium-based batteries and capacitors using metal foil current collectors, coated with porous layers of particles of active electrode materials for producing an electric current, may adapted to produce heat for enhancing output when the cells are required to periodically operate during low ambient temperatures. A self-heating cell may be placed in heat transfer contact with a working cell that is temporarily in a cold environment. Or one or both of the anode current collector and cathode current collectors of a heating cell may be formed with shaped extended portions, uncoated with electrode materials, through which cell current may be passed for resistance heating of the extended current collector areas. These extended current collector areas may be used to heat the working area of the cell in which they are incorporated, or to contact and heat an adjacent working cell.
H01M 10/654 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
An electrolyte can be pretreated by contacting with an oxide species (e. g., SiO2, SiOx, where 1≤x≤2, TiO2). The electrolyte comprises LiPF6 and a carbonate solvent. A reaction occurs to form a pretreated electrolyte comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: MaPx'OyFz, MaPx'OyFzCnHm, and combinations thereof, where when P in the formula is normalized to 1 so that x' is equal to about 1, 0
Methods of pretreating an electroactive material comprising lithium titanate oxide (LTO) include contacting a surface of the electroactive material with a pretreatment composition. In one variation, the pretreatment composition includes a salt of lithium fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), and combinations thereof, and a solvent. In another variation, the pretreatment composition includes an organophosphorus compound. In this manner, a protective surface coating forms on the surface of the electroactive material. The protective surface coating comprises fluorine, oxygen, phosphorus or boron, as well as optional elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and listed metals, and combinations thereof.
An aluminum alloy consisting essentially of from greater than 6 wt% to about 12.5 wt% silicon; iron present in an amount up to 0.15 wt%; from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.4 wt% chromium; from about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt% copper; from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt% magnesium; from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.1 wt% titanium; less than 0.01 wt% of strontium; and a balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The aluminum alloy contains no vanadium. A method for increasing ductility and strength of an aluminum alloy without using vacuum and a T7 heat treatment, the method comprising: casting the molten aluminum alloy by a high pressure die-cast process to form a cast structure. The structural castings formed of the aluminum alloy composition disclosed herein exhibit desirable mechanical properties, such as high strength and high ductility/elongation.
A method of laser welding together two or more overlapping light metal workpieces (12, 14, or 12, 150, 14) involves advancing a laser beam (24) relative to the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) multiple times along a closed-curve weld path (72). The conductive heat transfer associated with such advancement of the laser beam (24) grows and develops a larger melt puddle (76) that penetrates into the workpiece stack-up (10) and intersects each faying interface (34 or 160, 162) established within the stack-up (10). Upon halting transmission of the laser beam (24) or otherwise removing the laser beam (24) from the closed-curved weld path (72), the melt puddle (76) solidifies into a laser weld joint (66) comprised of resolidified composite workpiece material (78).
A method for joining together metal workpiece (12,14 or 12,150, 14) includes forming a laser weld joint (66) in a workpiece stack-up (10) that fusion welds two or more overlapping metal workpiece (12,14 or 12,150 or 14) together. The laser weld joint (66) has an initial top surface (76). Once the laser weld joint (66) is formed, the method calls for impinging the laser weld joint (66) with a laser beam (24) and moving the laser beam (24) along the initial top surface (76) of the laser weld joint (66) to melt an upper portion (78) of the joint (66) including the initial top surface (76). The laser beam (24) is eventually removed from the laser weld joint (66) to allow the melted upper portion (78) of the joint (66) to resolidify and provide the laser weld joint (66) with a modified top surface (84) that is smoother than the initial top surface (76). By providing the laser weld joint with a smoother modified top surface, residual stress concentration points are removed and the laser weld joint is less liable to damage seal strips.
Provided is a particulate electrode material for an electrode of a hybrid battery /capacitor, in which the battery constituent is a lithium-ion battery. The electrode material comprises: a group of hybrid particle structures, each hybrid particle structure consisting of electrode material and capacitor material, each hybrid particle structure being characterized by a core particle composed of active anode material or of active cathode material for a lithium-ion battery, each core particle being covered by a porous shell of smaller carbon particles, the carbon particles being porous and serving as capacitor material in the group of hybrid particle structures, the porosity of the shells of capacitor material particles enabling lithium ions in a selected non-aqueous solution of a lithium electrolyte salt to interact with both the active anode material or the active cathode material of the core particle and the porous carbon capacitor particles of the shell. Also provided is a method of forming hybrid particle structures.
An adhesive composition includes an epoxy component and an additive component reactive with the epoxy component. The additive component includes an imidazole present in an amount of less than or equal to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the adhesive composition, and an amine present in an amount of less than or equal to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the adhesive composition. The epoxy component and the additive component are present in the adhesive composition in a ratio of from 1: 1 to 15: 1. A method of forming a component includes curing the adhesive composition at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ℃ for less than or equal to 30 minutes to thereby join the first substrate and the second substrate.
An alloy composition comprises that carbon at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 0.15% by weight to less than or equal to about 0.5% by weight of the alloy composition, manganese at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 0.1% by weight to less than or equal to about 3% by weight of the alloy composition; silicon at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 0.1% by weight to less than or equal to about 0.5% by weight of the alloy composition; either: chromium at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 2% by weight to less than or equal to about 10% by weight of the alloy composition and aluminum at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 0% by weight to less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the alloy composition, or aluminum at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 2% by weight to less than or equal to about 10% by weight of the alloy composition and chromium at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 0% by weight to less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the alloy composition; and a balance of the alloy composition being iron. Also discloses an alloy composition and a method of producing a press hardening steel object.
Provided is a method of heat treating a die cast aluminum alloy component. A die cast component has at least one thin walled region with a thickness of ≤ 5 mm. The alloy has silicon at ≥ 6.5 mass ％ to ≤ 15.5 mass ％, copper at ≥ 0.1 mass ％ to ≤ 3.5 mass ％, magnesium at ≤ 0.5 mass ％, manganese at ≤ 0.6 mass ％, and chromium at ≤ 0.6 mass ％. The method includes quenching the die cast component at a cooling rate of ≥ about 100℃/second to a first temperature of less than 50℃ and age hardening by heating the die cast component to a second temperature of ≥ about 150℃ for a predetermined duration of time to facilitate formation of particles of Mg 2Si in an aluminum alloy matrix. The aluminum alloy treated by the method can form lightweight, high strength, high ductility components.
According to aspects of the present disclosure, a method includes obtaining a first amount of magnesium, a second amount of manganese, and a third amount of a cathodic poison and combining the magnesium, the manganese, and the cathodic poison to thereby form a kinetically hindered magnesium alloy includes less than 1 part by weight of manganese and less than about 5 parts by weight of cathodic poison based on 100 parts of the kinetically hindered magnesium alloy. The cathodic poison is configured to inhibit a cathodic reaction when combined with the magnesium.
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10, 10') that includes at least two overlapping metal workpieces (12, 150, 14) comprises advancing a beam spot (44) of a laser beam (24) relative to a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10, 10') and along a beam travel pattern (66) to form a laser weld joint (64) that fusion welds the metal workpieces (12, 150, 14) together. While the beam spot (44) is being advanced between a first point (76) and a second point (78) of one or more weld paths (74) of the beam travel pattern (66), the position of a focal point (52) of the laser beam (24) is oscillated relative to the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10, 10') along a dimension (68) oriented transverse to the top surface (20).
A lithium-ion battery is disclosed which uses lithium titanate as the anode material in the discharge of the cell (s) of the battery and a mixture of lithium manganese oxide (LMO) with a minor portion of a selected lithium-additional metal element-oxygen compound as the cathode material. The selected lithium compound is compatible with the lithium manganese oxide as a cathode material and has a lower and useful discharge potential than the LMO at the end of the discharge cycle of the cell. The electrode materials are used in combination with a non-aqueous solution of a lithium salt electrolyte. Damage to the electrode materials by over-discharge of the cell can be minimized by utilizing a predetermined portion of the selected lithium compound in mixture with lithium manganese oxide which provides additional capacity for self-discharge of the cell after it has reached a predetermined degree of discharge.
A method of laser spot welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces (12, 14, 150) is disclosed. The method includes directing a plurality of laser beams (24, 24', 24'') at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack- up to create a molten steel weld pool (92) that penetrates into the stack-up. The molt-en steel weld pool is then grown to penetrate further into the stack-up by increasing an overall combined irradiance of the laser beams while reducing the total projected sectional area (88) of the laser beams at a plane of the top surface of the workpiece stack-up. Increasing the overall combined irradiance of the laser beams may be acco-mplished by moving the focal points (66, 66', 66'') of the laser beams closer to the top surface or by reducing the mean angle of incidence (86) of the laser beams so as to reduce the eccentricity of the individual projected sectional areas of the laser beams.
The electrical performance and structural integrity of lithium battery electrodes, formed of particles of active electrode materials, are improved by mixing electrically conductive wires (metal wires, carbon fibers, and/or the like, including chemically-reduced metal oxide particles) with the particles of active electrode material. For example, copper wires may be intimately mixed with anode particles in porous anode layers which are resin-bonded to sides of a copper current collector foil. And aluminum wires may be mixed with cathode particles in porous cathode layers resin bonded to an aluminum current collector. The wires may be used to increase both the conductivity of electrons and lithium ions and the flexibility of the electrode layer when the electrodes are infiltrated with a solution of a lithium salt electrolyte. The workable thickness of each electrode layer can thus be increased and its performance enhanced to produce a lower cost and better forming battery.
A variety of methods and arrangements are described for controlling transitions between firing fractions during operation of an engine. In general, cam first transition strategies are described in which the cam phase is changed to, or close to a target cam phase before a corresponding firing fraction change is implemented. When the cam phase change associated with a desired firing fraction change is relatively large, the firing fraction change is divided into a series of two or more firing fraction change steps - with each step using a cam first transition approach. A number of intermediate target selection schemes are described as well. The described techniques are well suited for use in managing firing fraction transitions during skip fire, dynamic firing level modulation and/or other types of engine operation where the effective displacement of the engine may change.
F01L 1/344 - Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
F02D 13/02 - Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
An aluminum-magnesium alloy is disclosed which provides superior properties for casting in steel dies and good ductility for forming castings of complex shapes, including thin-wall portions. The aluminum-based alloy contains, in weight percent, about 2-15 percent magnesium, 0.2 to 3 percent silicon, 0.05 to 0.5 percent chromium, 0.05 to 0.5 percent manganese, 0.05 to 0.2％titanium, and a minimal content of iron. In its molten state this aluminum-magnesium-chromium alloy can be pushed into the molding cavities of iron-based dies in a high pressure die casting procedure and conform to complexly-shaped die surfaces with thin cavity portions without dissolving appreciable amounts of iron or experiencing die soldering on the die surfaces. The resulting castings display good strength and ductility and can be further enhanced by an artificial aging process after solution heat treatment.
At least one of the anode and cathode of a lithium-ion processing electrochemical cell are prepared with a layer of mixed particles of both active lithium battery electrode materials and lithium ion adsorbing capacitor materials, or with co-extensive, contiguous layers of battery electrode particles in one layer and capacitor particles in the adjoining layer. The proportions of active battery electrode particles and active capacitor particles in one or both of the electrodes are predetermined to provide specified energy density (Wh/kg) and power density (W/kg) properties of the cell for its intended application.
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces, at least one of which includes a surface coating of a zinc-based material. The method includes forming at least one preliminary weld deposit (74) in the workpiece stack-up (10) and, thereafter, forming a principal laser weld joint. The formation of the principal laser spot weld joint involves advancing a principal welding laser beam (90) relative to a plane of the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) along a beam travel pattern (104) that lies within an annular weld area (92). The beam travel pattern (104) of the principal welding laser beam (90) surrounds a center area (98) on the plane of the top surface (20) that spans the at least one preliminary weld deposit (74) formed in the workpiece stack-up (10).
A number of variations may include placement of germicidal ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light treatments within vehicle interiors/exteriors to minimize material surface microbial growth and contamination, and sanitizes vehicle surfaces. A number of variations may include vehicles including UV-C light devices mounted in or on the vehicle to treat interiors/exteriors of the vehicle to minimize material surface microbial growth and contamination, and sanitize vehicle surfaces.
A method involves contacting a material for a lithium-based energy storage device with a supercritical substance maintained at or above its critical point. A lithium-based energy storage device is also provided, in which at least one of the various component parts (battery separator, lithium salt, negative electrode, negative current collector, positive electrode, and positive current collector) is substantially free of residual water by contact with the supercritical substance maintained at or above its critical point.
H01G 11/00 - Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
Methods for forming zinc coated steel alloys are provided via austenitizing and quenching. A conventional step of partitioning is eliminated and the zinc coated steel alloys may have an ultimate tensile strength of at least about 1000 MPa. The zinc coated steel alloy may have a multiphase microstructure at≥about 50 to≤about 65% ferrite; ≥about 15 to≤about 40% martensite; and≥about 10 to≤about 20% metastable retained austenite. The zinc coated steel alloy preferably comprises carbon at≥0.35 to≤about 0.45 wt. %; silicon at≤about 0.5; manganese at≥about 0.5 to≤about 1.5 wt. %; aluminum at≥about 3 to≤about 5 wt. %; chromium at≤about 1 wt. %; and a balance of iron and impurities.
Methods are provided for forming low density zinc-coated TRIP-assisted steel having a multiphase bainitic microstructure produced by austenitization, quenching, and zinc coating. A conventional step of isothermal bainitic holding is eliminated and the zinc coated steel alloy may have an elongation of ≥ about 30% to ≤ 45%. The zinc coated steel alloy may have a multiphase microstructure of ≥ about 40 to ≤ about 60% ferrite; ≥ about 15 to ≤ about 30% metastable retained austenite; and ≥ about 10 to ≤ about 45% bainite. The zinc coated steel alloy preferably comprises carbon at ≥ about 0.35 to ≤ about 0.45 wt. %; silicon at ≤ about 0.5 wt. %; manganese at ≥ about 0.2 to ≤ about 1 wt. %; aluminum at ≥ about 3 to ≤ about 5 wt. %; chromium at ≤ about 0.5 wt. %; and a balance of iron and impurities.
An aluminum alloy composition is provided. The aluminum alloy composition includes silicon at a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 9.5% (wt. /wt. ) to less than or equal to about 11.5% (wt. /wt. ); manganese at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.5% by weight to less than or equal to about 0.8% by weight of the alloy composition; copper at a concentration of less than or equal to about 2% (wt. /wt. ); and a balance of the alloy composition being aluminum. The aluminum alloy composition has a superior strength and ductility relative to traditional aluminum alloys.
Methods of casting lightweight, high-strength aluminum cast structural components are provided wherein the casting is accomplished by low-pressure die casting or gravity casting. The aluminum cast structural component is preferably composed of an aluminum-based alloy comprising silicon at ≥ about 4 to ≤ about 7 wt. ％; iron at ≤ about 0.15 wt. ％; manganese at ≤ about 0.5 wt. ％; chromium at ≥ about 0.15 to ≤ about 0.5 wt. ％; magnesium at ≤ about 0.8 wt. ％; zinc at ≤ about 0.01 wt. ％; titanium at ≥ about 0.05 to ≤ about 0.15 wt. ％; phosphorus at ≤ about 0.003 wt. ％; strontium at ≤ about 0.015 wt. ％ and a balance of aluminum.
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping aluminum workpieces comprises advancing a laser beam (24) relative to a plane of a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and along a beam travel pattern (74) that lies within an annular weld area (82) defined by an inner diameter boundary (86) and an outer diameter boundary (84) on the plane of the top surface (20). The beam travel pattern (74) of the laser beam (24) surrounds a center area encircled by the annular weld area (82) on the plane of the top surface (20) so as to force entrained porosity inwards into a region of the weld joint (72) beneath the center area on the plane of the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10).
A method of laser spot welding a workpiece stack-up (10) includes initially forming at least one hole (74) in the workpiece stack-up and, thereafter, forming a laser spot weld joint (86). The formation of the laser spot weld joint involves directing a welding laser beam (24) at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up to create a molten steel weld pool (98) that penetrates into the stack-up, and then advancing the welding laser beam relative to a plane of the top surface of the workpiece stack-up along a beam travel pattern (102) that lies within an annular weld area (90). The beam travel pattern of the welding laser beam surrounds a center area (96) on the plane of the top surface that spans the at least one hole formed in the workpiece stack-up. The workpiece stack-up includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces, at least one of which includes a surface coating of a zinc-based material. This method can minimize porosity within the weld joint.
B23K 26/57 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
B23K 26/32 - Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
B23K 26/211 - Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
54.
CAR AUDIO OUTPUT CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD THEREFOR
A car audio output control device and a method therefor are disclosed. The control device stores, in advance, an identification code for each output mode with respect to a plurality of output modes and receives a device acoustic source and an identification code defining an attribute of the device acoustic source from a peripheral device. When an acoustic source is generated by the peripheral device, the control device controls a car audio output such that when a device acoustic source and an identification code are received while a source acoustic source self-generated by a car audio is outputted, the control device selects one output mode matched with the received identification code from among the plurality of output modes and controls the source acoustic source and the device acoustic source according to the selected output mode so as to change the car audio output. An acoustic source path and acoustic source state of a car audio output are controlled so as to be different with respect to each of the plurality of output modes. Therefore, a car audio output change can be optimally controlled so as to be suitable for an acoustic source attribute, and a user can clearly recognize important information provided as an acoustic source in any situation.
B60R 11/02 - Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
G11B 5/02 - Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
A transmission includes a continuously variable unit (CVU) (20) arranged in parallel with an expansion gearset (120). The CVU (20) includes a first pulley (22) that is rotatably coupled to a second pulley (24) and an input member (12). The expansion gearset (120) includes a planetary gearset (130) that is arranged in series with a coplanar second gearset (140), and the second gearset (140) includes a first gear (142) engaged with a layshaft gear (144). The second pulley (24) is rotatably couplable to the first gear (142) of the second gearset (140). The layshaft gear (144) is engaged with a ring gear (136) and a carrier member (134) which is rotatably couplable to an output member (14). The first pulley (22) is rotatably couplable to the sun gear (132) via a first clutch (115). The transmission operates in a continuously variable mode when the first clutch (115) is deactivated, and operates in a power split mode when the first clutch (115) is activated.
F16H 37/08 - Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
56.
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION INCLUDING A LAYSHAFT GEARSET
A torque transmission device (100) includes a variator of a continuously variable unit (CVU) (20) arranged in parallel with a layshaft gearset (30). The CVU (20) includes a first pulley (22) rotatably coupled to a second pulley (24), and the layshaft gearset (30) includes a first gear element (32) meshingly engaged with an intermediate gear element (34) meshingly engaged with a second gear element (36). A transmission input member (12) is rotatably coupled to the first pulley (22) of the CVU (20), and is selectively rotatably coupled to the first gear element (32) of the layshaft gearset (30) by activation of a first clutch (37). A transmission output member (14) is rotatably coupled to the second pulley (24) of the CVU (20) and rotatably coupled to the second gear element (36) of the layshaft gearset (30). The transmission is disposed to operate in a continuously variable mode when the first clutch (37) is disengaged, and to operate in a fixed gear mode when the first clutch (37) is engaged.
F16H 37/06 - Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
F16H 37/08 - Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) of overlapping steel workpieces (12, 14) involves heat-treating a region (64) of the stack-up (10) followed by forming a laser weld joint (66) that is located at least partially within the heat-treated region (64). During heat-treating, one or more pre-welding laser beams (68) are sequentially directed at a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and advanced along a pre-welding beam travel pattern (70) so as to reduce an amount of vaporizable zinc within the stack-up(10). Thereafter, the laser weld joint (66) is formed by directing a welding laser beam (82) at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and advancing the welding laser beam (82) along a welding beam travel pattern (84) that at least partially overlaps with a coverage area of a pre-welding beam travel pattern (70) or a shared coverage area portion of multiple pre-welding beam travel patterns (70). The method can help reduce an amount of vaporizable zinc within the stack-up (10).
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (100) including overlapping steel workpieces (102,104), at least one of which includes a surface coating of zinc or a zinc-based alloy. The method involves directing a first laser beam (132) at the workpiece stack-up (100) to produce a first molten steel pool (136) and advancing the first laser beam (132) relative to a plane of a top surface (114) of the stack-up (100) along a first beam travel pattern to heat treat the stack-up (100). Thereafter, a second laser beam (176) is directed at the top surface (114) of the workpiece stack-up (100) to produce a second molten steel pool (178) within the workpiece stack-up (100). The second laser beam (176) is optionally advanced relative to the plane of the top surface (114) of the workpiece stack-up (100) along a second beam travel pattern. The second laser beam (176) operates to fusion the overlapping steel workpieces (102,104) together.
The present invention relates to an operation control method for a vehicle infotainment system for enabling phone projection to be automatically executed during a connection between a head unit of a vehicle and a smart device, and it is preferred that the method comprises: a phone projection setting step of allowing any one of a plurality of phone projections mounted on a head unit of a vehicle to be set; a step of connecting a first smart device to the head unit of a vehicle; a step of determining whether the first smart device connected to the head unit of a vehicle supports the phone projection set in the phone projection setting step; and a step of executing the set phone projection if the first smart device supports the set phone projection, according to the determination result. Therefore, since a user does not have to carry out a separate setting when the head unit of a vehicle is connected to the smart device, convenience of use can be provided.
B60R 16/02 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
60.
ENCAPSULATED LITHIUM TITANATE FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
A lithium ion battery including an electrolyte and a lithium titanate negative electrode is provided. The lithium titanate negative electrode includes structures of a lithium titanate core and a conformal layer surrounding each lithium titanate core. The conformal layer either includes titanium oxide with substantially no lithium or has a concentration of lithium ranging from a lower concentration at a surface portion of the layer to a higher concentration at an interior portion of the layer adjacent to the lithium titanate core. A method of preparing the lithium titanate structures and a method of preparing an electrode for a lithium ion battery, wherein the electrode includes lithium titanate structures, are also provided.
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
61.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND METHOD OF IGNITING A FUEL
An internal combustion engine includes a fuel nozzle for injecting a fuel into a combustion chamber, and a plasma igniter for generating one or more pluralities of free radicals within the chamber, and initiating a flame to ignite the fuel. The igniter protrudes into the chamber. A method of igniting a fuel within a combustion chamber and controlling combustion phasing includes injecting a first portion of the fuel into the combustion chamber, energizing the plasma igniter to generate one or more pluralities of free radicals, each plurality having a known voltage, subsequently injecting a second portion of the fuel into the combustion chamber, and closely coupling activation of the plasma igniter with the second injection to ignite the fuel. Combustion phasing of the ignition event is controlled by controlling the number and voltage of the pluralities of free radicals generated by the plasma igniter.
F02P 15/08 - Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
F02P 9/00 - Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
H01T 13/20 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
62.
REMOTE LASER WELDING OF OVERLAPPING METAL WORKPIECES AT FAST SPEEDS
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping metal workpieces (12, 14) comprises advancing a laser beam (24) relative to a plane of a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) from a start point (84) to an end point (86) along a beam travel pattern (78) at a high laser beam travel speed of greater than 8 meters per minute. The two or more overlapping metal workpieces (12, 14) may be steel workpieces or they may be aluminum workpieces, and at least one of the metal workpieces (12, 14) includes a surface coating (40). Advancing the laser beam (24) along the beam travel pattern (78) forms a weld joint (76), which includes resolidified composite workpiece material derived from each of the metal workpieces (12, 14) penetrated by a molten weld pool (80), that fusion welds the metal workpieces (12, 14) together. The relatively high laser beam travel speed contributes to improve strength properties of the weld joint (76).
Some lithium-ion batteries are assembled using a plurality of electrically interconnected battery pouches to obtain the electrical potential and power requirements of the battery application. Such battery pouches may be prepared to contain a stacked grouping, or a wound grouping, of inter-layered and interconnected anodes, cathodes, and separators, each wetted with a liquid electrolyte. A reference electrode, an optional auxiliary reference electrode, and adjacent enclosing modified working electrodes are combined in a specific arrangement and inserted within the stack structure, or the wound structure, of other cell members to enable accurate assessment of both anode group and cathode group performance, and to validate and regenerate reference electrode capability.
A torque transmitting device (10) includes a clutch housing (14) rotatable about an axis (A), a first set of clutch plates (20A) splined to the clutch housing (14), and a second set of clutch plates (20B) interleaved with the first set and rotatable about the axis (A) of rotation. A push plate assembly (28) is splined to the clutch housing (14) for rotation therewith. A roller assembly (42) includes a roller housing (48) splined to the clutch housing (14), a roller supporter (54) housed in the roller housing (48), and a roller element (62) supported by the roller supporter (54). A wedge assembly (12) includes a wedge housing (64) connected to a wedge block (24). The wedge housing (64) includes a ramp member (70) defining a ramp surface (16) with the roller element (62) contacting the ramp surface (16). A motion converter (71) is disposed between the push plate assembly (28) and the wedge housing (64) such that axial movement of the push plate assembly (28) causes rotation of the wedge assembly (12) relative to the roller assembly (42).
Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling an air quality within a passenger cabin (38). The method includes outputting one or more control signals, by a processor (20), to activate a motor (32) to generate an airflow stream for observation by a fine particulate matter sensor (36), the fine particulate matter sensor (36) generating sensor signals based on the observation; determining a concentration level of fine particulate matter in the airflow based on the sensor signals; and outputting one or more control signals to an air quality system (16) associated with the passenger cabin (38) to generate an airflow into the passenger cabin (38) based on the determined concentration level, the airflow into the passenger cabin (38) flowing through a fine particulate matter filter (50).
Methods and apparatus are provided for determining a particulate concentration level with a portable component (12). The method includes outputting one or more control signals, by a processor, to active a motor (80) to generate an airflow stream through a cavity (66) of the portable component (12); determining a concentration level of fine particulate matter in the airflow; determining an air quality level of the airstream through the cavity (66) based on the determined concentration level; and outputting the determined concentration level with a graphical indicator (136) of the air quality level of display on a display (86) associated with the portable component (12).
A method of controlling pre-primary ignitions of an internal combustion engine includes accessing data corresponding to an exhaust gas recirculation error and data corresponding to at least one of a rotational speed of the engine, a throttle position of a throttle, and a combustion mode of the engine. A voltage of the electrical power to be applied to an ignition source and a number of pre-primary ignitions to be applied are calculated based on the data corresponding to the exhaust gas recirculation error and the data corresponding to at least one of the rotational speed of the engine, the throttle position, and the combustion mode of the engine.
F02P 5/04 - Advancing or retarding electric ignition spark; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
A method of laser spot welding a workpiece stack-up(10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces(12,14), at least one of which includes a surface coating(40), is disclosed. The method includes directing a laser beam(24) at the top surface(20) of the workpiece stack-up(10) to create a molten steel weld pool(90) that penetrates into the stack-up(10). The molten steel weld pool(90) is then grown to penetrate further into the stack-up(10) by increasing an irradiance of the laser beam(24) while reducing the projected sectional area(86) of the laser beam(24) at a plane of the top surface(20) of the workpiece stack-up(10). Increasing the irradiance of the laser beam(24) may be accomplished by moving a focal point(62) of the laser beam(24) closer to the top surface(20) or by reducing an angle of incidence(82) of the laser beam(24) so as to reduce the eccentricity of the projected sectional area(86) of the laser beam(24).
A method of manufacturing a pin(46) for a mold(28) includes forming the pin(46) to include a substantially uniform initial hardness throughout the entire structure of the formed pin(46). The formed pin(46) is then processed with a hardening process, such that the processed pin(46) exhibits a hardness defining a hardness gradient that gradually increases from the initial hardness at a central interior region(56) of the pin(46) to an increased surface hardness at an exterior surface(60) of the pin(46). After processing the pin(46) with the hardening process, a coating(64) maybe deposited onto the exterior surface(60) of the pin(46) with a physical vapor deposition process. The coating(64) exhibits a hardness that is greater than the hardness of the increased surface hardness of the exterior surface(60) of the pin(46). The pin(46) may include, for example, a core pin, a squeeze pin, or an ejector pin.
C21D 8/00 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
B29C 33/00 - SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
A non-aqueous electrolyte includes a solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive selected from: formulas, and combinations thereof. R1, R2, and R3 are independently selected from: a linear or branched alkyl having a formula CnH2n+1 (n ranges from 1 to 20); a linear or branched alkoxyl having a formula CnH2n+1O (n ranges from 1 to 20); a linear or branched either having a formula CnH2n+1OCmH2m (n and m each range from 1 to 10); phenyl; a mono-substituted phenyl with one linear or branched alkyl having a formula CnH2n+1 (n ranges from 1 to 20); a di-substituted phenyl with two linear or branched alkyls, each alkyl having a formula CnH2n+1 (n ranges from 1 to 20); a tri-substituted phenyl with three linear or branched alkyls, each alkyl having a formula CnH2n+1 (n ranges from 1 to 20); and combinations thereof. X, Y, and Z are halides.
High power lithium-ion batteries are disclosed. Such batteries may be used, for example, as the sole electric starter motor power sources for automotive vehicles powered by multi-cylinder engines with reciprocating pistons when the vehicles are to be operated in an engine start-stop mode to conserve fuel. Such batteries typically utilize non-aqueous solutions of lithium salts, such as LiPF 6 or LiBF 4, in combination with durable lithium intercalating electrodes. In accordance with this disclosure the performance of the battery's electrolyte and cells over a wide ambient temperature range is enhanced by a mixture of five miscible solvents formed of lower alkyl moieties. The quinary solvent mixture comprises two cyclic alkyl carbonates, two linear alkyl carbonates, and with a major portion of an alkyl ester.
B60K 6/28 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
A joint member (100) includes a metal component (12) and a composite component (14) which are joined by a joint (10) formed at a non-planar joint interface (18) defined by a textured surface portion (28) of the metal component (12) and a solidified melted area (24) of the composite component (14). The solidified melted area (24) adjacent to the joint interface (18) is characterized by a plurality of non-contiguous solidification boundaries (22) and a non-contiguous dispersion of porosity (16). A method includes forming a textured surface portion (28) on the metal component (12), pressing the textured surface portion (28) into the surface of the composite component (14) to form depressions (32) in the composite component (14), such that a joint interface (18) is defined by the surfaces of the textured surface portion (28) and the composite depressions (32), heating the joint interface (18) to melt an area of the composite component (14) adjacent to the joint interface (18), and solidifying the melted area (24) to the form a joint (10) at the joint interface (18).
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B29C 65/02 - Joining of preformed parts; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
The present invention relates to a vehicular headlamp driving control device comprising: an AFL function on/off check unit; a headlamp driving controller that reads an AFL function execution initiation message and then controls operations of a left/right driving actuator, an up/down driving actuator, and a beam pattern changing actuator, which have been connected to the headlamp, so as to correspond to a sensing value from a sensor; and an AFL function detailed adjustment controller configured such that the AFL function can be distinguished as belonging to an AFL detailed level of an upper level, a middle level, or a lower level according to AFL detailed distinction particulars, which have been preset in AFL function detailed setting particulars, and controlled accordingly.
B60Q 1/08 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle automatically
B60Q 1/115 - Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle automatically due to vehicle inclination, e.g. due to load distribution by electric means
An active quadrature generation circuit configured to provide an in-phase output signal and a quadrature output signal based on an input signal and a method of fabricating the active quadrature generation circuit on an integrated circuit are described. The circuit includes an input node to receive the input signal and a first transistor including a collector connected to a power supply pin. The circuit also includes a second transistor including a base connected to the power supply pin, the second transistor differing in size from the first transistor by a factor of K, wherein the in-phase output signal and the quadrature output signal are generated based on an inherent phase difference of 90 degrees between a current at a collector of the first transistor and a current at a base of the second transistor.
H03B 27/00 - Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
75.
APERTURE CODING FOR TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE BEAMFORMING
A frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) coded aperture radar (CAR) implemented on an integrated circuit (IC) to step through a range of frequencies in each sweep and a method of assembling the FMCW CAR implemented on an IC are described. The CAR implemented on the IC includes an antenna element to transmit or receive at a given time duration, a transmit channel to process a signal for transmission, the transmit channel including a transmit switch configured to change a state of a transmit phase shifter between two states based on a first code, and a receive channel to process a received signal, the receive channel including a receive switch configured to change a state of a receive phase shifter between two states based on a second code. A switch controller controls the first code and the second code and controls the first code to remain constant within the sweep.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing mal-operation of an automatic transmission, which is formed as one body including a plurality of parts whereby it is possible to simplify the structure and the manufacturing process thereof .
An internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection system including a fuel injector disposed to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, and a plasma ignition system including a groundless barrier discharge plasma igniter that protrudes into the combustion chamber. A controller includes an executable instruction set to control the engine in a compression-ignition mode when the output torque request indicates a low load condition, including instructions to control a variable valve actuation system and control the plasma ignition system to execute plasma discharge events subsequent to controlling the fuel injection system to execute a fuel injection event, wherein the fuel injection event achieves a cylinder charge having a lean air/fuel ratio.
F02D 43/00 - Conjoint electrical control of two or more functions, e.g. ignition, fuel-air mixture, recirculation, supercharging or exhaust-gas treatment
F02D 41/04 - Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
F02M 26/00 - Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
78.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder bore in a cylinder block, a cylinder head and a piston. A groundless barrier discharge plasma igniter including an electrode is embedded in a casing fabricated from a dielectric material and is disposed in a mounting boss. The groundless barrier discharge plasma igniter has a tip portion that protrudes through an opening in the cylinder head into the combustion chamber. A controller having an electrical ground connection to the cylinder head is configured to apply a high frequency electrical pulse to the groundless barrier discharge plasma igniter. An electrical ground path is formed between the mounting boss and the cylinder head. A plurality of plasma discharge streamers is generated on the casing between the tip portion and the mounting boss when the controller applies the high frequency electrical pulse to the groundless barrier discharge plasma igniter.
A lithium ion battery is provided that includes: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a polymer separator soaked in an electrolyte solution, the polymer separator being disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode includes an active material of lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, or combinations thereof. The negative electrode includes lithium titanate. A method of making the lithium ion battery is also provided.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
80.
LASER SPOT WELDING OF OVERLAPPING ALUMINUM WORKPIECES
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping aluminum workpieces (12, 14) comprises advancing a laser beam (24) relative to a plane of a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and along a spot weld travel pattern (74) that includes one or more nonlinear inner weld paths and an outer peripheral weld path that surrounds the one or more nonlinear inner weld paths. Such advancement of the laser beam (24) along the spot weld travel pattern (74) translates a keyhole (78) and a surrounding molten aluminum weld pool (76) along a corresponding route relative to the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10). Advancing the laser beam (24) along the spot weld travel pattern (74) forms a weld joint (72), which includes resolidified composite aluminum workpiece material derived from each of the aluminum workpieces (12, 14) penetrated by the surrounding molten aluminum weld pool (76), that fusion welds the aluminum workpieces (12, 14) together.
A pressure balanced valve for an expander of a Rankine cycle heat recovery system includes a valve body that extends along a longitudinal axis. The valve body includes a valve head and an intermediate flange structure spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal axis. The valve body defines an internal flow channel having at least one output port and at least one inlet port. The at least one output port of the internal flow channel is defined by a cylinder chamber side of the valve head. The at least one inlet port of the internal flow channel is defined by a valve stem side of the intermediate flange structure. The internal flow channel is operable to communicate fluid pressure between the cylinder chamber side of the valve head and the valve stem side of the intermediate flange structure.
F01K 23/10 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
82.
ULTRA-VACUUM HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTING PROCESS, AND SYSTEM THEREFORE
A method of casting an article includes closing a die set (22), which defines a casting cavity (30) and a gate cavity (32). A pressure actuated valve (54) is closed to block fluid communication between the casting cavity (30) and the gate cavity (32). A vacuum system (34) is engaged to remove air and form a vacuum in the casting cavity (30). A molten material (46) is introduced into the gate cavity (32). The molten material (46) is compressed in the gate cavity (32) to increase a fluid pressure of the molten material (46). The pressure actuated valve (54) is opened when the fluid pressure of the molten material (46) in the gate cavity (32) reaches a predefined pressure level, to allow fluid communication between the gate cavity (32) and the casting cavity (30). The molten material (46) is pushed through the gate cavity (32) and into the casting cavity (30) under pressure to form the article (28). A die casting system (20) is also disclosed. The method allows the vacuum system (34) to remove more air and gasses from the casting cavity (30), prior to the molten material (46) being introduced into the casting cavity (30), thereby reducing porosity in the final cast article (28).
A bonding system (100), comprising a first substrate (10), a second substrate (20), an adhesive (40), in contact with a first contact surface (15) and a second contact surface (25), and a plurality of solder elements (30) positioned in the adhesive (40). Each solder element (30) has a plurality of indentations (130) located on the perimeter of the solder element (30) and the plurality of indentations (130) receiving a portion of the adhesive (40). Also, a bonding method to produce a solder-reinforced adhesive bond joining the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20).
H01L 23/28 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L 23/488 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
H01L 23/31 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings characterised by the arrangement
H01L 23/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H01L 21/56 - Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L 21/50 - Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the groups
H01L 21/04 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer
84.
MODIFICATION OF LITHIUM TITANATE ELECTRODE PARTICLES TO ELIMINATE GAS FORMATION IN CELL OPERATION
Lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12, particles containing surface hydroxyl groups are susceptible to unwanted gas generation (such as hydrogen) in the presence of water contamination when the particles are used as active anode electrode material in lithium-ion cells operating with an anhydrous liquid electrolyte. In accordance with this disclosure, the hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the particles are reacted with one of a group of selected agents containing organic alkoxy groups to form hydrophobic moieties on the surfaces of the particles which effectively block water molecules from the surfaces of lithium titanate particles in the anode of the cell.
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
85.
CHAIN COMPOSED OF DIFFERENT PITCH LINKS WITH REPEATED SEQUENCE
A number of variations may include a product that may include a linking member that may have links arranged in rows that have multiple pitch lengths. Each of the rows may have at least one link. Each of the multiple pitch lengths may be a discrete length that may be different from others of the multiple pitch lengths. The rows may be arranged along the linking member in a repeating sequence of the multiple pitch lengths.
F16G 5/18 - V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section consisting of several parts in the form of links
F16H 9/24 - Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using chains, toothed belts, belts in the form of links; Chains or belts specially adapted to such gearing
86.
ACTIVATED CARBON POWDERS FOR HYBRID SUPERCAPACITOR-BATTERY SYSTEMS
Activated carbon powders for hybrid supercapacitor-battery systems may be formed from a corncob or an egg white. In an example of a method for making an example of the activated carbon powder, a corncob is dried and ground to form a precursor powder. The precursor powder is heat treated under an inert gas flow until a predetermined temperature is reached. While the predetermined temperature is maintained, the inert gas flow is replaced with an ammonia gas (NH3) flow. With this method, a nitrogen-doped activated carbon powder is formed.
A vehicle having an electronic parking brake system is provided. The vehicle includes a braking system having a first rotor and a first caliper. An electric motor is coupled to operate the first caliper. At least one sensor coupled to the vehicle to determine a braking characteristic. A controller electrically is coupled to the electric motor and the at least one sensor, the controller transmitting a first signal to the electric motor in response to receiving a second signal from the at least one sensor and determining that the braking system is performing below a predetermined level, the electric motor actuating the first caliper to apply a clamping force on the first rotor in response to the first signal.
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulation; Measuring values used in the regulation
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
B60T 13/66 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
88.
TRACTION MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE HAVING INDEPENDENTLY DRIVEN AXLES
A vehicle includes a first axle system operatively connected to a first set of wheels, a second axle system operatively connected to a second set of wheels, a first drive system operatively connected to the first set of wheels, a second drive system operatively connected to the second set of wheels independent of the first set of wheels, and a traction management control module electrically coupled to at least one of the first and second drive systems. The traction management control module calculates a torque capability of the corresponding one of the first and second axle systems and selectively transmits an axle torque command to the corresponding one of the first and second axle systems based on the torque capability.
B60K 17/34 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
B60K 17/35 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speeds including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
B60K 17/22 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
89.
DETERMINING TORQUE MODIFICATION VIA INTEGRATING VEHICLE DYNAMICS INFLUENCING SUBSYSTEMS
The disclosure herein relates to a method, system, and/or a computer program product for determining an allowable propulsion torque modification. Determining an allowable propulsion torque modification can be performed by a vehicle dynamics influencing controller that modifies first and second axle torques based on a vehicle dynamics condition to generate modified first and second axle torques and utilizes the modified first and second axle torques to calculate a maximum request torque modification yaw disturbance. Further, the vehicle dynamics influencing controller can, in accordance with whether a vehicle dynamics allowed yaw propulsion target is greater than or equal to maximum request torque modification yaw disturbance, set a plurality of overrides to generate a resultant acceleration. The vehicle dynamics influencing controller can determine the allowable propulsion torque modification based on whether the resultant acceleration from the plurality of overrides is greater than a reduction to balance a yaw disturbance.
A method of operating a vehicle handling management system includes the determination of whether a torque capability of a first axle is greater than a prescribed value. If greater than the prescribed value, the system establishes a first value for a first axle slip threshold and a first value for a second axle slip threshold that is associated with a second axle. If the torque capability is greater than the prescribed value, the system establishes a second value for the first axle slip threshold and a second value for the second axle slip threshold.
B60K 17/22 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
B60K 17/02 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
91.
NON-HYDRAULIC FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE HAVING A SIMULATED BRAKE PEDAL
A vehicle includes a chassis, a power system supported by the chassis, and a plurality of wheels supported by the chassis. At least one of the plurality of wheels is operatively connected to the power system. A plurality of brakes is operatively associated with corresponding ones of the plurality of wheels, and a simulated brake pedal is operatively associated with the plurality of brakes. The simulated brake pedal is hydraulically isolated from the plurality of brakes. A non-hydraulic braking feedback controller is operatively connected to the plurality of brakes and the simulated brake pedal. The non-hydraulic braking feedback controller selectively provides at least one of a tactile, an audible, and a visual feedback to a driver based on an activation of the simulated brake pedal.
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulation; Measuring values used in the regulation
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
A vehicle and method is provided. The vehicle includes systems and method for limiting the slip of the wheels. In an embodiment, the system holds the brakes based on an acceleration characteristic measured by a sensor. In another embodiment, the system includes a transmission controller that applies an adjustment to limit an amount of clutch slip as the clutch temperature to change in clutch performance to reduce wheel slip. In another embodiment, the system monitors wheel slip signal from a sensor and compares the wheel slip to a target slip value and controls clutch slip of the transmission clutch based to maintain engine output torque during acceleration. In another embodiment, in response to an anticipated vehicle launch event, a drive motor applies a first torque to the input shaft to adjust a gear lash of the differential unit.
B60T 8/32 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulation; Measuring values used in the regulation
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60K 17/02 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
B60K 26/02 - Arrangement or mounting of propulsion-unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements
B60K 17/16 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
The disclosure herein relates to a method, system, and/or a computer program product for determining at least one yaw rate modification. Determining the at least one yaw rate modification can be performed by receiving a set of inputs associated with a first actuator of a plurality of vehicle dynamics influencing actuators, calculating a yaw overhead response time modification based on the set of inputs, and utilizing the yaw overhead response time modification to determine the yaw rate modification. The yaw overhead response time corresponds to the actuator and corresponds to the set of inputs associated with the actuator.
B60W 10/06 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
B60W 10/08 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
B60W 10/18 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces (12, 14), at least one of which is a zinc-coated steel workpiece, is disclosed. The disclosed method includes advancing the laser beam (56) relative to the top surface (26) of the workpiece stack-up (10) in a way that imposes bidirectional movement of the laser beam (56). In particular, as it is being advanced relative to the top surface (26) of the workpiece stack-up (10), the laser beam (56) moves in a forward direction (80) while also moving back and forth in a lateral direction (82) oriented transverse to the forward direction. Such bidirectional movement is believed to minimize zinc vapor entrapment within the molten steel weld pool (74), thus leading to a laser weld joint (68) that contains less weld defects derivable from zinc vapors that may be generated by the heat of the laser beam (56).
A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping aluminum workpieces (12, 14), at least one of which includes a protective anti-corrosion coating (38), is disclosed. The disclosed method includes advancing the laser beam (56) relative to the top surface (26) of the workpiece stack-up (10) along a travel path (78, 78', 78'', 78''') that imposes bidirectional movement of the laser beam (56). In particular, the laser beam (56) moves in a forward direction (80) while also moving back and forth in a lateral direction (82) oriented transverse to the forward direction (80) as it is being advanced relative to the top surface (26). Such bidirectional movement is believed to help disturb the protective anti-corrosion coating (38) in and around the molten aluminum weld pool (74), thus leading to a laser weld joint (68) that contains less weld defects derivable from the protective anti-corrosion coating(s) (38).
A number of variations may include a vehicle which may have a vehicle body and a vehicle hub operably coupled to the vehicle body. A vehicle wheel may be operably coupled to the vehicle hub. The vehicle wheel may be isolated from the vehicle hub by at least one isolation feature selected from the group consisting of: an extended flange portion of the vehicle wheel may be disposed between a pilot hole and the vehicle hub, a multiple piece cover portion may fully cover the pilot hole, a drain slot may be disposed on the vehicle wheel and the drain slot may have a slope of at least five degrees, or an enhanced bushing may create a non-flat profile between the vehicle wheel and a fixation device.
A number of variations may involve a method that may include providing a non-conductive layer. A conductive layer may be provided overlying the non-conductive layer with the conductive layer to form a sensor device. An opposition to electrical current through the conductive layer may be monitored. The location of a status of the non-conductive layer or of the conductive layer may be determined through a change in the opposition.
A method for reducing residual water content in a battery material includes placing the battery material having residual water adsorbed therein in a channel substantially sealed from an ambient environment. A gaseous mixture is caused to flow through the battery material in the channel. The gaseous mixture includes an organic solvent vapor present in an amount effective to hydrogen bond with at least some water molecules from the battery material. The gaseous mixture is caused to flow through the battery material for a predetermined amount of time, at a predetermined temperature, and at a predetermined pressure. The organic solvent vapor having at least some water molecules bonded thereto is removed from the battery material. The removing takes place for a predetermined amount of time, at a predetermined temperature, and at a predetermined pressure, thereby forming the battery material having reduced residual water content.
A number of variations may include a product including a substrate and a sensor device including a non-conductive layer and a conductive layer overlying the non-conductive layer wherein the sensor device is constructed and arranged to measure or monitor a variable comprising at least one of temperature, pressure, VOC concentration, state of charge, or state of health of a substrate.
A number of variations may involve a method that may include providing a non-conductive layer. A conductive layer may be provided and may overlie the non-conductive layer to form a sensor device. The presence of a volatile organic compound may be determined by monitoring the conductive layer. The sensor device may comprise at least one lead. When electrical current passes through the leads and into the conductive layer, the changes in an opposition to the current through the conductive layer are monitored.
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