Provided herein is an additive manufacturing system having a build chamber, a plurality of tools and a plurality of tool bays where each tool bay is arranged to store one tool. A gantry is arranged to select one tool and removes the selected tool from a tool bay. A tool mount is slidably arranged on the gantry and to detachably couple the selected tool to the gantry. Two guide rails extend in a first direction and are arranged to receive the selected tool. The guide rails are movable along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so as to enable alignment of the guide rails with one of the tool bays at a time. Channel seals expand or contract based on a relative movement between the tools and the sliders.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
2.
PRINT BED ASSEMBLY FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
A print bed assembly for an additive manufacturing system comprises a stage (202), a carrier plate (204) comprising an upper surface (206) extending in an X- and a Y-direction, a support structure (220) arranged on the stage and comprising a straight edge extending in the X-direction, a build plate, and at least one abutment to align the build plate relative to the carrier plate in the Y- direction. In a first state S1 when the build plate is placed on the support structure at an angle (A1) relative to the upper surface of the carrier plate, the build plate touches the straight edge of the support structure and the at least one abutment. In a second state S2 when the build plate is placed down onto the upper surface of the carrier plate, the build plate stays aligned since it still touches the at least one abutment.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
A method of printing a three-dimensional object with an additive manufacturing device. The method comprises determining (300) a nominal flow rate for a first layer. The method comprises printing (302) one or more wall traces on a build surface of the device using over extrusion, and printing (304) a number of skin traces on the build surface of the device using under extrusion. By controlling the flow of each line type in the initial layer as well as controlling the order of the line types, the pressure build up can be prevented and sufficient adhesion guaranteed, since every line type has its own requirements in terms of adhesion and required pressure.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
A method of creating instructions for an FFF printer for printing an infill structure of a 3D object is described. Instructions are created for printing a first layer (1) comprising a number of substantially parallel traces (11) that are separated by intermediate elongated first voids (12) with a first predefined width, and for printing a second layer (2) with traces (21) running substantially in parallel to the traces of the first layer, but with a first offset to the traces of the first layer, such that the traces of the second layer are arranged above the elongated first voids in the first layer, and for printing a third layer (3) with traces (31) running substantially in parallel to the traces of the second layer, but with a second offset to the traces of the second layer, wherein the traces in the third layer are separated by intermediate elongated third voids.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
A dual filament feeder assembly (110) for an additive manufacturing system (400) comprises a drive wheel (206) and a drive shaft (134) connected to the drive wheel. The dual filament feeder assembly (110) comprises a first feeder wheel (210) and a second feeder wheel (250) rotatably arranged around the drive shaft at a first side and a second side of the drive wheel (206). The dual filament feeder assembly further comprises a coupling member (270) arranged to selectively couple the drive wheel with the first feeder wheel (210) or the second feeder wheel (250). A shifting member (280) is arranged to move the coupling member between a first position and a second position. The coupling member drivably couples the drive wheel (206) with the first feeder wheel in the first position and couples the drive wheel with the second feeder wheel in the second position.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
6.
LIQUEFIER ASSEMBLY WITH A COOLED PROTECTIVE SLEEVE AROUND HOT-END
A liquefier assembly (1) for use in a fused filament fabrication system is described. The assembly comprises a liquefier tube (2) having an inlet (21) and an outlet (22), a nozzle (9) arranged at the outlet of the liquefier tube, a cooling element (3) arranged around a first section (23) of the liquefier tube, and a heating element (4) arranged around a second section (24) of the liquefier tube, the second section being located downstream the first section. The assembly comprises a heat conductive sleeve (5) arranged around the second section of the liquefier tube, wherein an inner wall of the sleeve is distant from the liquefier tube, and wherein a first outer end (51) of the sleeve is thermally coupled to the cooling element. A shield (6) is arranged to shield a space (7) between the liquefier tube and the sleeve, the shield comprising heat conductive material and being thermally coupled to a second outer end of the sleeve.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
7.
PRINT BED ASSEMBLY FOR AN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
A print bed assembly (200) for an additive manufacturing system (100) comprises a stage (202), a carrier plate (204) extending in a first direction (A1), a build plate (220) removably arranged on the carrier plate, and at least one rear clip (222) that detachably couples the build plate (220) with the carrier plate. The print bed assembly comprises a slide body (228) and at least one front clip (240) arranged to detachably couple the build plate with the carrier plate. In an embodiment, the print bed assembly comprises at least one handle (246) and at least one push element (250) arranged to move the build plate relative to the carrier plate in the first direction.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
A method of generating instructions for an additive manufacturing system to print a 3D object (1) and a brim (2). The method comprises receiving a 3D model of a 3D object and generating a temporary outer brim line (15). If one or more critical sections are found in that outer brim line, this line is divided into multiple subsections that have such a curvature and/or length that no or acceptable stress will be built up. As a result the risk of warping of the brim is decreased.
The invention relates to a method of determining toolpaths for an infill structure for a digital 3D model. The invention provides for a framework for planning toolpaths with control over the adaptive width for minimizing over- and underfill and introduce a beading scheme which reduces the bead width variation compared to the state of the art. We show that this framework supports various control schemes (so-called ‘beading schemes’) for determining the bead spacing and extrusion widths. Furthermore we present an approach to accurately realize adaptive bead width. The proposed method provides for a geometric framework allowing various adaptive bead width control schemes used to generate contour-parallel toolpaths which minimize under- and overfill.
An FFF method (70) for manufacturing a 3D object is described. The method comprises the printing (71) of the 3D object using a build material comprising a semi-crystalline polymer. A support structure is printed underneath at least one overhang. The support structure is printed using the same build material. The support structure comprises a top layer (15) contacting the 3D object. This top layer (15) has a degree of crystallinity higher than the degree of crystallinity of at least those parts of the 3D object that get into direct contact with the top layer (15). The higher degree of crystallinity enables more easy removal of the support structure after printing.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/40 - Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
A liquefier (1) for use in an FFF system is described comprising a thermally-conductive liquefier tube (2) comprising an inlet end and an outlet end, a nozzle (5) attached to the outlet end of the liquefier tube, a heater assembly (60;70;80) comprising at least one PTC resistor arranged at at least part of an outer surface of the liquefier tube to impart heat into the liquefier tube, and a number of power lines (7,8) connected to the at least one PTC resistor. The electrical resistance of the PTC resistor linearly increases with temperature over a temperature work range. Using such a configuration results in a passive temperature control over the length of the liquefier enabling faster flow of the molten filament and thus faster printing.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
12.
FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION SYSTEM WITH INTERCHANGEABLE PRINT HEADS AND FILAMENT
A fused filament fabrication system (1) is described comprising a number of print heads (31,32,33), a print head mount (4) arranged for releasable connection with any of the print heads and a gantry (5) arranged to move the print head mount (4). So-called filament modules (61,62,62) are provided that can be connected to the print heads (31,32,33). The print heads can be docked into a special print head dock (8) or they can be docked into one of the filament docks (71,72,72) if a filament module is arranged in between. A number of filament feeders (9) is arranged for feeding filament (11) to the respective filament modules. A control system (25) is arranged to control the gantry so as to select one print head from the number of print heads, to obtain a selected print head (31). The selected print head can be used for a printing job having the current filament attached, or it can be moved to another filament dock to first pickup a different filament. The selected print head can also be parked so as to select another print head. In this way multiple print heads can be combined with multiple filaments without user intervention.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
14.
Device and method for cleaning an extruder of an FFF system
A device (1) for cleaning an extruder (2) of an FFF system is described comprising an extruder mount, a filament feeder, a detection unit arranged to detect extrusion of material out of the extruder, an inspection unit to visually inspect a portion of the filament. A controller is arranged to control a heating element of the extruder and to control the filament feeder and to receive measurement data from the detection unit. If the measurement data indicates that material is not extruded out of the extruder, the filament is retracted from the extruder at a purging temperature. Otherwise, the hot-end of the extruder is cooled off to a second temperature and then the filament is retracted from the extruder. The inspection unit will then perform a visual inspection of the tip portion of the filament. If the tip portion is not yet clean, the automated cleaning procedure is repeated.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
A system (100) for processing 3D print jobs is described with a first software module (102) to receive a print job request (111) from a user application (101) running on a remote computing device, the print job request comprising a location indicator indicating a storage location of a print file to be printed. The first software module is arranged to send a print job ID (111') back to the user application. A second software module (103) receives a print request call (115) from the user application, comprising the print job ID and a printer ID. The second software module is arranged to send the print job ID (116) to the first software module, and to receive a print job response (116') back from the first software module, the print job response comprising the print job ID, the print job name and the location indicator of the print file.
A method of determining one or more printer properties of an FFF printer, comprising the steps of: a) depositing a pattern (1) of one or more lines on a support (2) using the FFF printer; b) making an image of the deposited pattern (1) on the support (2) using an imaging device; c) analysing one or more geometric features of the pattern (1) in the image; and d) determining the one or more printer properties of the FFF printer based the one or more geometric features.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/236 - Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
17.
AN FFF PRINTING SYSTEM WITH A FILAMENT PATH LENGTH MEASURING DEVICE FOR ALIGNMENT OF FEEDER AND PREFEEDER
The invention relates to an FFF printing system (100), the FFF printing system comprising a print head (105), a feeder (91;126) arranged to feed a filament (4) into the print head (105), and a container (801) for storing the filament on one or more filament spools (88). The system also comprises a prefeeder (81) arranged to feed the filament from the spools to the feeder (91;126), and a first flexible tube (D01;102;121) for guiding the filament (4). A filament path length measuring device (1) is arranged to detect a misalignment between the feeder and the prefeeder. Measurement signals are sent to a processing system to correct any misalignment.
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
A filament feeding assembly (200) comprises a plurality of filament feeders (202) arranged next to each other in a row. The filament feeding assembly (200) comprises a first guide rail (208) and a second guide rail (210), both being arranged parallel to a straight line. The filament feeding assembly (200) comprises first and second connectors (410, 424) movably coupled to the first and second guide rails (208, 210), respectively. The filament feeding assembly (200) comprises first and second suspensions (414, 428) arranged to adjustably couple the respective first and second connectors (410, 424) to the respective first and second guide rails (208, 210). The first and second connectors (410, 424) pass each other by way of adjusting the distance between the first connector (410) and the first guide rail (208) and/or adjusting the distance between the second connector (424) and the second guide rail (210).
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
19.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM WITH A SEALED BUILD CHAMBER
An additive manufacturing system (100,200) comprises a build chamber (104), a plurality of tools (110,310) and a plurality of tool bays (1201,1202,1203) wherein each tool bay is arranged to store one tool. A gantry (130,131) is arranged to select one tool (110,310) wherein the gantry (130,131) removes the selected tool (110,310) from a tool bay (120). A tool mount (132) is slidably arranged on the gantry (130) and to detachably couple the selected tool (110,310) to the gantry (130). Two guide rails (140a,140b) extend in a first direction (x) and are arranged to receive the selected tool (110,310). The guide rails are movable along a second direction (y) perpendicular to the first direction (x), so as to enable alignment of the guide rails with one of the tool bays at a time. Channel seals (154,354) expands or contracts based on a relative movement between the tools and the sliders (112,312).
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B22F 12/00 - Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
A fused filament fabrication device comprising a print head having an inlet for receiving a filament of printable material, a melt chamber and an outlet for letting out flowable printable material. A filament feeder is arranged to feed the filament into the print head and arranged to retract the filament from the print head. A controller is configured to a) order the filament feeder to retract the filament over a first distance, wherein the filament is not yet broken; b) stop heating the melt chamber; c) cooling the filament to a predefined temperature, and then d) order the filament feeder to further retract the filament over a second distance so as to break the filament. By letting the filament in the print head cool off to a temperature at which the print material hardens, a controlled breakage can be realized without the occurrence of a thread at the retracted filament.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
21.
METHOD OF DETERMINING A LOCAL HEIGHT OF A BUILD SURFACE
The invention relates to a fused filament fabrication device (1) comprising a print head (2) comprising a melt chamber (22) and a nozzle (4). The print head (2) is movably arranged relative to a build surface (10) in at least two perpendicular directions. A feeder (3) is arranged to feed filament material to the print head (2). A sensor is arranged to directly or indirectly measure a pressure in the melt chamber (22), the sensor producing pressure data. A flow sensor is arranged to measure a flow of filament into the print head (2) to obtain flow data. The device (1) also comprises a controller (7) arranged for a) controlling movement of the nozzle (4) over the build surface (10), b) controlling deposition of molten filament material on the build surface (10) during the movement of the nozzle (4), c) receiving the pressure data and the flow data, and d) determining a local height of the build surface (10) fora plurality of locations on the build surface (10), using the pressure data and the flow data.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
G01B 13/22 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
A method of creating instructions for an FFF printer for printing an infill structure of a 3D object is described. Instructions are created for printing a first layer (1) comprising a number of substantially parallel traces (11) that are separated by intermediate elongated first voids (12) with a first predefined width, and for printing a second layer (2) with traces (21) running substantially in parallel to the traces of the first layer, but with a first offset to the traces of the first layer, such that the traces of the second layer are arranged above the elongated first voids in the first layer, and for printing a third layer (3) with traces (31) running substantially in parallel to the traces of the second layer, but with a second offset to the traces of the second layer, wherein the traces in the third layer are separated by intermediate elongated third voids.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
A dual filament feeder assembly (110) for an additive manufacturing system comprises a drive wheel (206) and a drive shaft (134) connected to the drive wheel. The dual filament feeder assembly (110) comprises a first feeder wheel (210) and a second feeder wheel (250) rotatably arranged around the drive shaft at a first side and a second side of the drive wheel (206). The dual filament feeder assembly further comprises a coupling member (270) arranged to selectively couple the drive wheel with the first feeder wheel (210) or the second feeder wheel (250). A shifting member (280) is arranged to move the coupling member between a first position and a second position. The coupling member drivably couples the drive wheel (206) with the first feeder wheel in the first position and couples the drive wheel with the second feeder wheel in the second position.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
14 Abstract An extruder head for an FFF printing system is described comprising an extruder channel and a heating element (7) for heating part of the extruder channel so as to melt a printing material. The extruder channel comprises a first cylinder (2) and a second cylinder (4) connected to the first 5 cylinder, optionally via an intermediate transition part (3), wherein the extruder head further comprises a Peltier device (10;30) arranged to locally cool a region (11) of the second cylinder so as to make the printing material in the region (11) less or non-flowable. The Peltier device comprises a first heat conductive element (12;32), a second heat conductive element (13;33), and a plurality of thermo-electric units (14;34) arranged between the first and second heat conductive 10 element. [Figure 1]
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
25.
Magnetically actuated clutch for an additive manufacturing system
A bidirectional magnetic clutch for an additive manufacturing system, comprising a concentric arrangement of an inner drive member (2) and an outer drive member (3) enclosing the inner drive member (2), the inner and outer drive members (2,3) being rotatable relative to each other. The inner drive member (2) comprises at least two outward facing recesses (5, 6) and the outer drive member (3) comprises at least two inward facing recesses (8,9). Each outward facing recess (5,6) comprises a radially moveable roller member (10,11) of ferromagnetic material. The inner drive member (2) further comprises a magnetic biasing system (12) configured to magnetically bias the roller members (10,11) into the outward facing recesses (5,6). The bidirectional magnetic clutch further comprises a magnet actuator (13) at least partially circumferentially arranged around the outer drive member (3) and configured to maintain an engaged state or disengaged state of the bidirectional magnetic clutch.
F16D 27/00 - Magnetically-actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
F16D 27/14 - Magnetically-actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor - Details
F16D 41/08 - Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
F16D 27/01 - Magnetically-actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets
F16D 41/064 - Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
26.
FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION SYSTEM WITH INTERCHANGEABLE PRINT HEADS AND FILAMENT
A fused filament fabrication system (1) is described comprising a number of print heads (31,32,33), a print head mount (4) arranged for releasable connection with any of the print heads and a gantry (5) arranged to move the print head mount (4). So-called filament modules (61,62,62) are provided that can be connected to the print heads (31,32,33). The print heads can be docked into a special print head dock (8) or they can be docked into one of the filament docks (71,72,72) if a filament module is arranged in between. A number of filament feeders (9) is arranged for feeding filament (11) to the respective filament modules. A control system (25) is arranged to control the gantry so as to select one print head from the number of print heads, to obtain a selected print head (31). The selected print head can be used for a printing job having the current filament attached, or it can be moved to another filament dock to first pickup a different filament. The selected print head can also be parked so as to select another print head. In this way multiple print heads can be combined with multiple filaments without user intervention.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/236 - Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
A fused filament fabrication system (1) is described comprising a number of print heads (31,32,33), a print head mount (4) arranged for releasable connection with any of the print heads and a gantry (5) arranged to move the print head mount (4). So-called filament modules (61,62,62) are provided that can be connected to the print heads (31,32,33). The print heads can be docked into a special print head dock (8) or they can be docked into one of the filament docks (71,72,72) if a filament module is arranged in between. A number of filament feeders (9) is arranged for feeding filament (11) to the respective filament modules. A control system (25) is arranged to control the gantry so as to select one print head from the number of print heads, to obtain a selected print head (31). The selected print head can be used for a printing job having the current filament attached, or it can be moved to another filament dock to first pickup a different filament. The selected print head can also be parked so as to select another print head. In this way multiple print heads can be combined with multiple filaments without user intervention.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/236 - Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
A filament feeder (1) for use in a fused filament fabrication printer comprises a feeder body (2) which comprises a channel (3) for guiding a filament (F) there through. A first and a second driven grip roller (4, 5) are arranged on opposing sides of the channel (3) for clamped engagement with the filament (F), wherein the first grip roller (4) is rotationally arranged about a first roller axis (4a) and the second grip roller (5) is rotationally arranged about a second roller axis (5a). The feeder comprises a first drive gear (6) for driving the first grip roller (4), the first drive gear (6) being rotatably arranged about the first roller axis (4a), a second drive gear (7) for driving the second grip roller (5), the second drive gear being rotatably arranged about the second roller axis (5a), and a suspension system (S) for suspension of the first and second grip roller (4,5) and of the first and second drive gear (6,7). The suspension system (S) is arranged to allow lateral movement of the first and second grip rollers (4, 5) with respect to the channel (3) for providing a variable distance (D+∆D) between the first and second roller axes (4a, 5a).
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
29.
METHOD OF DETERMINING TOOLPATHS FOR AN INFILL STRUCTURE FOR A DIGITAL 3D MODEL
The invention relates to a method of determining toolpaths for an infill structure for a digital 3D model. The invention provides for a framework for planning toolpaths with control over the adaptive width for minimizing over- and underfill and introduce a beading scheme which reduces the bead width variation compared to the state of the art. We show that this framework supports various control schemes (so-called 'beading schemes') for determining the bead spacing and extrusion widths. Furthermore we present an approach to accurately realize adaptive bead width. The proposed method provides for a geometric framework allowing various adaptive bead width control schemes used to generate contour-parallel toolpaths which minimize under- and overfill.
A method of determining one or more printer properties of an FFF printer, comprising the steps of: a) depositing a pattern (1) of one or more lines on a support (2) using the FFF printer; b) making an image of the deposited pattern (1) on the support (2) using an imaging device; c) analysing one or more geometric features of the pattern (1) in the image; and d) determining the one or more printer properties of the FFF printer based the one or more geometric features.
The invention relates to an FFF printing system (100), the FFF printing system comprising a print head (105), a feeder (91;126) arranged to feed a filament (4) into the print head (105), and a container (801) for storing the filament on one or more filament spools (88). The system also comprises a prefeeder (81) arranged to feed the filament from the spools to the feeder (91; 126), and a first flexible tube (D01;102;121) for guiding the filament (4). A filament path length measuring device (1) is arranged to detect a misalignment between the feeder and the prefeeder. Measurement signals are sent to a processing system to correct any misalignment.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 70/38 - Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
G01B 7/02 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width, or thickness
G01B 21/02 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
32.
AN FFF PRINTING SYSTEM WITH A FILAMENT PATH LENGTH MEASURING DEVICE FOR ALIGNMENT OF FEEDER AND PREFEEDER
The invention relates to an FFF printing system (100), the FFF printing system comprising a print head (105), a feeder (91;126) arranged to feed a filament (4) into the print head (105), and a container (801) for storing the filament on one or more filament spools (88). The system also comprises a prefeeder (81) arranged to feed the filament from the spools to the feeder (91; 126), and a first flexible tube (D01;102;121) for guiding the filament (4). A filament path length measuring device (1) is arranged to detect a misalignment between the feeder and the prefeeder. Measurement signals are sent to a processing system to correct any misalignment.
G01B 7/02 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width, or thickness
G01B 11/02 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width, or thickness
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 70/38 - Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
G01B 7/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
A fused filament fabrication device comprising a print head having an inlet for receiving a filament of printable material, a melt chamber and an outlet for letting out flowable printable material. A filament feeder is arranged to feed the filament into the print head and arranged to retract the filament from the print head. A controller is configured to a) order the filament feeder to retract the filament over a first distance, wherein the filament is not yet broken; b) stop heating the melt chamber; c) cooling the filament to a predefined temperature, and then d) order the filament feeder to further retract the filament over a second distance so as to break the filament. By letting the filament in the print head cool off to a temperature at which the print material hardens, a controlled breakage can be realized without the occurrence of a thread at the retracted filament.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
The invention relates to a fused filament fabrication device (1) comprising a print head (2) comprising a melt chamber (22) and a nozzle (4). The print head (2) is movably arranged relative to a build surface (10) in at least two perpendicular directions. A feeder (3) is arranged to feed filament material to the print head (2). A sensor is arranged to directly or indirectly measure a pressure in the melt chamber (22), the sensor producing pressure data. A flow sensor is arranged to measure a flow of filament into the print head (2) to obtain flow data. The device (1) also comprises a controller (7) arranged for a) controlling movement of the nozzle (4) over the build surface (10), b) controlling deposition of molten filament material on the build surface (10) during the movement of the nozzle (4), c) receiving the pressure data and the flow data, and d) determining a local height of the build surface (10) for a plurality of locations on the build surface (10), using the pressure data and the flow data.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
35.
MAGNETICALLY ACTUATED CLUTCH FOR AN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
A bidirectional magnetic clutch for an additive manufacturing system, comprising a concentric arrangement of an inner drive member (2) and an outer drive member (3) enclosing the inner drive member (2), the inner and outer drive members (2,3) being rotatable relative to each other. The inner drive member (2) comprises at least two outward facing recesses (5, 6) and the outer drive member (3) comprises at least two inward facing recesses (8,9). Each outward facing recess (5,6) comprises a radially moveable roller member (10,11) of ferromagnetic material. The inner drive member (2) further comprises a magnetic biasing system (12) configured to magnetically bias the roller members (10,11) into the outward facing recesses (5,6). The bidirectional magnetic clutch further comprises a magnet actuator (13) at least partially circumferentially arranged around the outer drive member (3) and configured to maintain an engaged state or disengaged state of the bidirectional magnetic clutch.
A method for providing reinforced interlayer connections during layered deposition modelling is provided. The method comprises the steps of a) depositing a plurality of layers (1, 2) of extrudable material with an extruder head (10) on a build plate extending in an x and y direction; b) positioning a layer engagement member (3)at an x-y location above the plurality of layers (1, 2) where interlayer connection between the plurality of layers (1, 2) is to be reinforced; c) lowering the layer engagement member(3) for engagement with the plurality of layers (1, 2) wherein a pressing surface (3a) of the layer engagements member (3) is lowered at least below an upper surface(2a) of a second most upper layer (2), thereby locally fusing an upper layer (1) and the second upper layer (2) at the x-y location; and d) raising the layer engagement member (3) from the plurality of layers (1, 2).
A method of printing an object comprises a first step in which a first region (2) is printed by delivering flowable material from a print nozzle travelling at a first print speed (V1). During a second step, an intermediate region (6) is printed by delivering material from the nozzle travelling (8) for: a first travel distance (D1) at a first travel speed (S1), a second travel distance (D2) at a second travel speed (S2), and a third travel distance (D3) at a third travel speed (S3). In a third step, the nozzle prints a second region 4 by delivering material from the nozzle travelling at a second print speed (V2). The first and third travel speeds (S1, S3) are both greater than the first and second print speeds (V1, V2) and the second travel speed (S2).
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
38.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGING OOZE FROM A PRINT NOZZLE
A method of printing an object comprises a first step in which a first region (2) is printed by delivering flowable material from a print nozzle travelling at a first print speed (V1). During a second step, an intermediate region (6) is printed by delivering material from the nozzle travelling (8) for: a first travel distance (D1) at a first travel speed (S1), a second travel distance (D2) at a second travel speed (S2), and a third travel distance (D3) at a third travel speed (S3). In a third step, the nozzle prints a second region 4 by delivering material from the nozzle travelling at a second print speed (V2). The first and third travel speeds (S1, S3) are both greater than the first and second print speeds (V1, V2) and the second travel speed (S2).
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
A filament feeder for use in an additive manufacturing system, comprising a main feeder body having mounted thereon a first biasing roller and a driven first gripper roller arranged at an adjustable first roller distance from each other allowing a filament material to be received between the first biasing roller and the first gripper roller. The filament feeder further comprises a second biasing roller and a driven second gripper roller arranged at an adjustable second roller distance from each other for receiving the filament material. A biasing assembly is provided in resilient engagement with the first and second biasing rollers and configured to bias the first and second biasing rollers toward the first and second gripper rollers, respectively, during an additive manufacturing process.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B65H 51/10 - Rollers, pulleys, capstans, or intermeshing rotary elements arranged to operate in groups or in co-operation with other elements with opposed coacting surfaces, e.g. providing nips
A nozzle for a three-dimensional printing apparatus, comprising a main nozzle body (2) having an inlet end (4), an outlet end (6) and a central conduit (8) arranged there between, wherein the main nozzle body (2) is made of an electrically non-conductive body material. The main nozzle body (2) is provided with an electrically conductive first layer (10) and/or an electrically non-conductive second layer (12) arranged around the main nozzle body (2).
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
B29C 64/112 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
B29C 64/20 - Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering - Details thereof or accessories therefor
A nozzle lifting assembly for an additive manufacturing system includes a base member and a lift member relatively movable with respect thereto, a first nozzle body arranged for being lifted by the lift member and a second nozzle body disposed on the base member. A wedge member is movably arranged relative to the base member and in wedging engagement with the lift member between a first and second wedge position, wherein the first and second wedge position correspond to a lowered position and a lifted position of the first nozzle body with respect to the second nozzle body, respectively.
B29C 67/00 - Shaping techniques not covered by groups , or
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
B29C 64/20 - Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
An inductive nozzle heating assembly for an additive manufacturing system, comprises a rod shaped nozzle body of electrically conductive material provided with a passageway extending from an inlet end to an outlet end of the rod shaped nozzle body for dispensing an extrudable material. An induction coil unit is provided for magnetic engagement with the rod shaped nozzle body to allow heating thereof, wherein the induction coil unit encloses at least in part the rod shaped nozzle body. The induction coil unit and rod shaped nozzle body are spaced apart and separated by a minimum distance (Lg) larger than zero, and the rod shaped nozzle body comprises a heating piece having a predetermined Curie temperature.
A print bed levelling system for an additive manufacturing system includes a nozzle head assembly movably arranged with respect to a substantially flat print bed member, wherein the nozzle head assembly comprises one or more nozzle bodies each having a nozzle end and a contactless sensor member disposed at a print bed engagement end of the nozzle head assembly. The contactless sensor member comprises a sensing surface in sensing engagement with the print bed member over a relative sensing distance range between a distal sensing position and a proximal sensing position.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
B29C 64/112 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
B29C 64/20 - Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing