A method for wireless local area network (WLAN) communication by a first WLAN communication device is described. A first media access control (MAC) data unit is generated at the first WLAN communication device. The first MAC data unit is transmitted from the first WLAN communication device to a second WLAN communication device via a first WLAN communication channel having a first radio frequency (RF) bandwidth. A second MAC data unit is received at the first WLAN communication device from the second WLAN communication device via a second WLAN communication channel having a second RF bandwidth that does not overlap the first RF bandwidth. The second MAC data unit corresponds to an acknowledgment of the first MAC data unit from the second WLAN communication device.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
2.
PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT DIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION
A method for transmitting a first physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication channel is described. One or more sectors of a service coverage area of a first communication device that are busy with a first transmission over the WLAN communication channel are identified. A second communication device is selected, using the identification of the one or more busy sectors, to receive the first PPDU during a second, directional transmission that at least partially temporally overlaps a duration of the first transmission. The first PPDU is generated for transmission to the second communication device. The first PPDU is transmitted to the second communication device as the second, directional transmission during the first transmission.
A network switch includes a data bus, a register, an endpoint controller and a direct memory access controller. The endpoint controller is configured to receive a descriptor generated by a device driver of a host system, store the descriptor in the register, and transfer data between a root complex controller of the host system and the data bus. The descriptor identifies an address of a buffer in a memory of the host system. The direct memory access controller is configured to receive the address of the buffer from the endpoint controller or the register and, based on the address and an indication generated by the device driver, independently control transfer of the data between the memory of the host system and a network device connected to the network switch. The direct memory access controller is a receive direct memory access controller or a transmit direct memory access controller.
G06F 13/16 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
G06F 13/28 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using burst mode transfer, e.g. direct memory access, cycle steal
G06F 13/34 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using combination of interrupt and burst mode transfer with priority control
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
G08G 1/00 - Traffic control systems for road vehicles
4.
SIGNALING OF ENCODING SCHEMES IN PACKETS TRANSMITTED OVER A WLAN
A method for data transmission in a wireless local area network (WLAN). The method includes receiving, in a physical layer (PHY) interface (32) of a first node (22) in the WLAN, data for transmission over the WLAN. The received data are divided in the PHY interface into a sequence of data blocks (42) having respective lengths, and encoding the data blocks using an error correcting code (ECC). The encoded data blocks are encapsulated in a PHY protocol data unit (PPDU 24) together with encoding metadata including at least an indication of the respective lengths of the data blocks. The PPDU is transmitted over the WLAN from the first node to a second node (26) in the WLAN.
A method for communication in a WLAN includes onboarding, authenticating, and configuring respective BSSs of multiple access points (22, 24, 26, 28) in a multi- AP network (20). Respective cryptographic keys are generated for the multi-AP agents (44) in the network by carrying out a handshaking procedure between the multi-AP controller (40) and the multi-AP agents over the backhaul network. Upon detecting a predefined rekeying event in communications between the multi-AP controller and any given multi-AP agent, a new cryptographic key is generated for the given multi-AP agent by repeating the handshaking procedure, and applying the new cryptographic key in encrypting and authenticating messages following the rekeying event.
The present disclosure describes apparatuses (104-108) and methods (1400-1800) for artificial intelligence-enabled management of storage media. In some aspects, a media access manager (130) of a storage media system (114-122) receives, from a host system (102), host input/output commands (I/Os) for access to storage media (124) of the storage media system (114). The media access manager (130) provides information describing the host I/Os to an artificial intelligence engine (132) and receives, from the artificial intelligence engine (132), a prediction of host system behavior with respect to subsequent access of the storage media (124). The media access manager (130) then schedules, based on the prediction of host system behavior, the host I/Os for access to the storage media (124) of the storage system (114). By so doing, the host I/Os may be scheduled to optimize host system (102) access of the storage media (124), such as to avoid conflict with internal I/Os of the storage system (114) or preempt various thresholds based on upcoming idle time.
A communication device generates one or more physical layer (PHY) PHY protocol service data units (PSDUs) of a PHY data unit, and individually encodes PSDUs of the one or more PSDUs. The communication device generates a PHY preamble of the PHY data unit, including: generating a first signal field in the PHY preamble, and including in the first signal field an indicator to indicate that the PHY preamble includes a second signal field with HARQ information regarding the PHY data unit, and generating the second signal field to include one or more indications of one or more durations of the one or more respective PSDUs within a PHY data portion of the PHY data unit.
A storage medium controller has been designed to maintain thermal stability of a heat source based on a history of heat source active/inactive durations so that a variation in spot size generated by the heat source is reduced during Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). The storage medium controller modulates power to the heat source based on these active/inactive durations. While the heat source is inactive, the storage medium controller increases a thermal compensation value and after the heat source is activated, the storage medium controller drives the heat source according to a current parameter proportional to the thermal compensation value. As the heat source continues being active, the storage medium controller decreases the thermal compensation value and proportional current parameter so that thermal stability of the heat source is maintained.
A first communication device generates a null data packet (NDP) announcement (NDPA) frame to announce a subsequent transmission of one or more NDPs to one or more second communication devices as part of a ranging measurement procedure. The NDPA frame is generated to include a training signal repetition field that specifies a number of instances of a training signal to be included in the one or more NDPs. The first communication device transmits the NDPA frame as part of the ranging measurement procedure. The first communication device generates at least one NDP to include a number of instances of the training signal that equals the number of instances of the training signal indicated by the training signal repetition field in the NDPA, and after transmitting the NDPA frame, transmits the at least one NDP as part of the ranging measurement procedure.
A communication device generates a physical layer (PHY) data portion of a PHY data unit, including, for each of a plurality of PHY protocol service data units (PSDUs) to be included in the PHY data unit: selecting a segment boundary within a last-occurring orthogonal frequency division (OFDM) symbol from among a set of multiple segment boundaries, adding pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding bits to the PSDU such that, after encoding the PSDU according to a forward error correction (FEC) code, coded bits of the PSDU end on the selected segment boundary, and individually encoding the PSDU according to the FEC code. The communication device generates a PHY preamble, which includes generating the PHY preamble to include a plurality of indications of a plurality of durations of the respective PSDUs within the PHY data portion.
A communication device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) generates a first portion of a wakeup radio (WUR) packet and a second portion of the WUR packet. The first portion of the WUR packet corresponds to a WLAN legacy physical layer (PHY) preamble. Generating the second portion of the WUR packet includes: generating the second portion of the WUR packet to include a WUR packet PHY sync signal. The WUR packet PHY sync signal corresponds to a sync bit sequence with each bit in the sync bit sequence modulated by a sync waveform. The second portion of the WUR packet is generated to also include a PHY data portion and a padding signal. The padding signal corresponds to a padding bit sequence with each bit in the padding bit sequence modulated by the sync waveform. The communication device transmits the WUR packet in the WLAN.
A millimeter-wave communication device (24, 28) includes a coupler (36, 40), Radio- Frequency (RF) circuitry and a composite right/] eft-handed metamaterial assembly (44, 118, 136, 140, 144, 156, 188, 192, 208, 220, 228, 260). Tire coupler is configured to connect to a waveguide (32), the waveguide being transmissive at millimeter-wave frequencies and having a given dispersion characteristic over a predefined band of the millimeter-wave frequencies. The RF circuitry is configured to transmit a millimeter-wave signal into the waveguide via the coupler, or to receive a millimeter-wave signal from the waveguide via the coupler, and to process the millimeter-wave signal. The composite right/left-handed metamaterial assembly is formed to apply to the millimeter-wave signal, or to an Intermediate-Frequency (IF) signal corresponding to the millimeter-wave signal, a dispersion compensation that compensates for at least part of the dispersion characteristic of the waveguide over the predefined band.
A method for Wireless Local-Area Network (WLAN) communication in a WLAN device (24) includes generating a WLAN transmission including first bits, by at least (i) encoding the first bits with a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code to produce first encoded bits, and (ii) scrambling the first encoded bits with a first scrambling sequence. The WLAN transmission is transmitted from the WLAN device to a remote WLAN device (28). In response to receiving from the remote WLAN device an indication that reception of the WLAN transmission has failed, a WLAN retransmission including second bits is generated. Generating the retransmission includes (i) obtaining second encoded bits, which include the second bits encoded with the FEC code, and (ii) scrambling the second encoded bits with a second scrambling sequence that is different from the first scrambling sequence. The VVLAN retransmission is transmitted from the WLAN device to the remote WLAN device.
A method for operation of a first communication device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication channel, having a plurality of component channels, between the first communication device and a second communication device is described. A first physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) and a second PPDU, distinct from the first PPDU, are generated. The first PPDU and second PPDU are transmitted simultaneously to the second communication device over the WLAN communication channel, including: transmitting the first PPDU via a first component channel within a first radio frequency (RF) channel segment that occupies a first frequency bandwidth, and transmitting the second PPDU via a second component channel within a second RF channel segment that occupies a second frequency bandwidth that does not overlap the first frequency bandwidth segment, and is separated from the first frequency bandwidth segment by a frequency gap.
Embodiments described herein provide a system for transmitting high efficiency long term training field (HE-LTF) symbols for multiple wireless spatial streams over a wireless channel. An advanced P-matrix design is used to construct HE-LTF symbols that are processed by a receiver such that channel properties such as channel estimates or carrier phase error are determined prior to receiving all HE-LTF symbols. Tone multiplexing of wireless spatial stream is also used to transmit multiple spatial streams based on an assignment of sets of spatial streams to sets of tones available for transmission, increasing the throughput of the transmission system. The advanced P-matrix design and tone multiplexing are used in combination to achieve calculate channel properties before receiving all HE-LTF symbols while minimizing power fluctuation among the high efficiency short training field symbol and the HE-LTF symbols.
Communication apparatus (22, 26, 27, 30) includes a transceiver (38) configured to transmit and receive signals over a wireless channel in accordance with both a first communication protocol and a second communication protocol. The second communication protocol is backward- compatible with the first communication protocol, and has a first variant having an extended communication throughput, which is greater than the nominal communication throughput of the first protocol, and a second variant having an extended range, which is greater than the nominal range of the first protocol. A communication controller (32, 42) generates data frames (50, 78, 84) for transmission by the transceiver, including frame headers (52, 54) in a header format that is compatible both with the first communication protocol and with both the first and second variants of the second communication protocol. The header format defines first fields having respective first values provided to support the first variant and second fields having respective second values provided to support the second variant.
A controller (56), for use in a storage device (44, 114) of a data processing system (20, 90), includes a host interface (68), a memory interface (60) and one or more processors (64). The host interface is configured to communicate over a computer network (28, 98) with one or more remote hosts (24, 102) of a data processing system. The memory interface is configured to communicate locally with a non-volatile memory (52) of the storage device. The one or more processors are configured to manage local storage or retrieval of media objects (80) at the non- volatile memory, and to selectively compute metadata (84) that defines content characteristics of media objects that are stored, or that are to be stored, in the non-volatile memory.
A first communication device generates a plurality of media access control (MAC) layer data units to be transmitted to a second communication device via a communication channel that includes a first frequency segment and a second frequency segment separated by a gap in frequency. The first communication device generates one or more physical layer (PHY) data units that include the plurality of MAC layer data units, and simultaneously transmits i) a first frequency portion of the one or more PHY data units via the first frequency segment, and ii) a second frequency portion of the one or more PHY data units via the second frequency segment, including transmitting a first MAC layer data unit in the first frequency portion, and ii) transmitting a second MAC layer data unit in the second frequency portion.
An access point generates a management communication frame, that includes information indicating network parameters of a wireless communication network, for transmission in an operating channel of the wireless communication network. The operating channel including i) at least one primary component channel used at least for synchronizing with client stations associated with the access point and ii) at least one scanning channel specified, by the first communication protocol, to be used for scanning by client stations not associated with the access point. The access point generates a physical layer data unit to include the management communication frame, and transmits the physical layer data unit in the at least one scanning channel, specified by the first communication protocol, to allow discovery of the wireless communication network by client stations that are not associated with the access point.
Embodiments described herein provide improved methods and systems for generating metadata for media objects at a computational engine (such as an artificial intelligence engine) within the storage edge controller, and for storing and using such metadata, in data processing systems.
This disclosure describes a storage aggregator controller with metadata computation control, The storage aggregator controller communicates, via a host interface, over a computer network with one or more remote hosts, and also communicates, via a storage device interface, with a plurality of local storage devices, which are separate from the remote host(s) and which have respective non-volatile memories. The storage aggregator controller manages the local storage devices for storage or retrieval of media objects. The storage aggregator controller also governs a selective computation, at aggregator control circuitry or at a storage device controller of one or more of the storage devices, of metadata that defines content characteristics of the media objects that are retrieved from the plurality of storage devices or that are received from the one or more hosts over the computer network for storage in the plurality of storage devices.
Metadata computation apparatus (56) includes a host interface (68), a storage interface (60) and one or more processors (64). The host interface is configured to communicate over a computer network (28) with one or more remote hosts (24). The storage interface is configured to communicate with one or more non-volatile memories (52) of one or more storage devices (44). The processors are configured to manage local storage or retrieval of media objects in the non-volatile memories, to compute metadata for a plurality of media objects that are stored, or are en-route for storage, on the storage devices, wherein the media objects are of multiple media types, wherein the computed metadata tags a target feature in the media objects of at least two different media types among the multiple media types, and to store, in the non-volatile memories, the metadata tagging the target feature found in the at least two different media types, for use by the hosts.
A network switch device is described. The network switch device includes a plurality of processor devices configured to perform different respective functions of the network switch device, a block of shared memory having a plurality of single port memory banks, and a memory controller configured to allocate respective sets of banks among the single port memory banks to processor devices among the plurality of processor devices, and determine respective configurations of the sets of memory banks as one of i) a single port configuration in which respective single port memory banks support a single read or write memory operation to a memory location in a memory access cycle, and ii) a virtual multi-port configuration in which respective single port memory banks support two or more concurrent read or write memory operations to a same memory location, based on memory access requirements of the corresponding processor device.
A first communication device receives one or more physical layer (PHY) data units, which include a plurality of media access control (MAC) layer data units, from a second communication device via a communication channel that includes a first frequency segment and a second frequency segment separated by a gap in frequency, including simultaneously i) receiving a first MAC layer data unit via the first frequency segment of the communication channel, and ii) receiving a second MAC layer data unit via the second frequency segment of the communication channel. The first communication device generates acknowledgement information for the plurality of MAC layer data units, and transmits the acknowledgment information to the second communication device via one or both of i) the first frequency segment and ii) the second frequency segment.
A communication device generates a first data unit that spans a first bandwidth, and transmits the first data unit during a transmit opportunity (TXOP) to at least one other communication device. The communication device subsequently determines, based on respective values of TXOP duration fields included in respective physical layer (PHY) preambles of one or more data units previously transmitted during the TXOP, whether a second bandwidth of a second data unit to be transmitted by the communication device during the TXOP can be greater than the first bandwidth of the first data unit. In response to determining that the second bandwidth of the second data unit can be greater than the first bandwidth of the first data unit, the communication device generates the second data unit to span the second bandwidth greater than the first bandwidth, and transmits the second data unit during the TXOP.
A storage control device coupled to a storage device and located remotely from a host device receives media object data from the host device. The storage control device identifies a type of the media object data and select, based on the identified type, a computational model from among a plurality of computational models for use by a computational engine of the storage control device. The computational engine uses the selected computational model to generate metadata describing the media object data. The metadata is stored in the storage device so as to be selectively retrievable from the storage device separately from the media object data.
A method for communication in a WLAN includes associating a client station (STA) (30, 32, 34) with a basic service set (BSS) of a first access point (AP) (22), having first antennas (28), in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A second AP (24), having second antennas, in the WLAN is synchronized with the first AP. Distributed beamforming parameters are computed over a group of the first antennas and the second antennas. Data for transmission to the STA are distributed to both the first AP and the second AP. The distributed data are distributed to the STA from the first AP via the first antennas in the group and the second AP via the second antennas in the group in synchronization in accordance with the distributed beamforming parameters.
H04B 7/024 - Co-operative use of antennas at several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
A communication device determines an overall bandwidth of an operating channel for a wireless local area network (WLAN), where the overall bandwidth spans a plurality of sub-channels. The communication device determines that one or more sub-channels within the overall bandwidth will not be used for the operating channel, and generates a packet that includes i) a first subfield that indicates the overall bandwidth of the operating channel, and ii) a second subfield that indicates the one or more sub-channels within the overall bandwidth that will not be used for the operating channel. The communication device transmits the packet to inform one or more other communication devices in the WLAN of the operating channel for the WLAN, the operating channel.
A method for communication over a wireless interface between transceivers that are moving with respect to each other. The method includes transmitting, by a communication station (STA, 22) in a moving vehicle (24) over a wireless channel to a receiver (26, 30) outside the vehicle, a sequence of data symbols (62) encoded in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing scheme extending over a range of sub-carrier tones (64). A condition affecting the wireless channel is evaluated. Responsively to the evaluated condition, a pilot scheme (74, 76) is selected from among a plurality of available pilot schemes, for interleaving of pilot signals in specified sub-carrier tones (66) of the data symbols. An indication of the selected pilot scheme is exchanged between the STA and the receiver. The pilot signals are interleaved in the transmitted data symbols in accordance with the selected pilot scheme.
A first communication device generates a first portion and a second portion of a wakeup radio (WUR) wakeup packet. The first portion of the WUR wakeup packet corresponds to a wireless local area network (WLAN) legacy preamble, and spans a first frequency bandwidth. The second portion of the WUR wakeup packet spans a second bandwidth that is less than the first bandwidth, and is configured to cause a WUR of a second communication device to cause a WLAN network interface device of the second communication device to transition from a low power state to the active state. Generating the second portion of the WUR wakeup packet includes i) generating a sync portion having a plurality of sync symbols, and ii) generating a wakeup packet body. The first communication device transmits the WUR wakeup packet.
A communication device determines an identifier of a wireless network with which the communication device is not associated. While the communication device is not associated with the wireless network, the communication device participates in a ranging procedure with an access point (AP) of the wireless network. The ranging procedure is for estimating a distance between the communication device and the AP based on measuring times of flight of transmissions between the communication device and the AP. Participating in the ranging procedure includes: the communication device transmitting a packet to the AP as part of the ranging procedure. The packet includes a PHY preamble, and the PHY preamble includes a signal field. The signal field includes a wireless network identifier subfield set to the identifier of the wireless network.
A waveguide (20, 72) includes a core (32, 76) and an electrically-conductive transmission line (36, 60, 84). The core includes an electrically-insulating material that is transmissive at millimeter-wave frequencies. The core is configured to receive a millimeter- wave signal at a first end of the waveguide, and to guide the millimeter-wave signal to a second end of the waveguide. The electrically-conductive transmission line is coupled in propinquity to the core and is configured to conduct an electrical signal between the first end of the waveguide and the second end of the waveguide, in parallel with the millimeter-wave signal guided in the core.
A conversion pipeline includes a media input stage (24), a packetizer (64), a MAC engine (84) and a PHY interface (32). The media input stage is configured to receive from a media source a sequence of media frames carrying media content. The packetizer is configured to convert the media frames into a sequence of Ethernet packets by generating headers and appending portions of media frames to corresponding generated headers, including appending a first portion of a first media frame to a first generated header before the first media frame is fully received. The MAC engine is configured to commence outputting a first Ethernet packet as an uninterrupted unit, the first Ethernet packet including the first header and payload bits corresponding to the first portion of the first media frame, before the first media frame is fully received. The PHY interface is configured to transmit the Ethernet packets over a network.
A media content converter (20), for converting media content into network packets, includes logic circuitry, a header generator (76) and a multiplexer (80). The logic circuitry is configured to partition the media content into payloads for the network packets. The header generator is configured to generate packet headers for the network packets, by populating with data a plurality of header fields according to a predefined header format. The multiplexer is configured to stream a sequence of the network packets for transmission over a communication network, by combining the generated packet headers from the header generator with the corresponding payloads from the logic circuitry.
A communication device stores a master rate table, which comprises a plurality of rows that correspond to i respective data rates, and ii) respective sets of communication parameter values corresponding to the respective sets of data rates. Each set of communication parameter values includes i) a default value of a parameter, and iii) one or more alternative values of the parameter. When the communication device determines that a new transmission rate should be used, and when a current set of communication parameter values corresponds to a row in the master rate table and includes the default value, the communication device selects a trial set of communication parameter values corresponding to the row of the master rate table, and including one of the alternative values. The communication device measures an error rate measure corresponding to use of the trial set of communication parameter values.
Embodiments described herein provide a method for creating a low power wake-up radio frame. The method comprises generating, at an access point, a wake-up radio frame for transmission to one or more client stations, determining whether the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted inside or outside a basic service set associated with the access point, the basic service set having a basic service set identifier that is used to identify the access point. And in response to determining that the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted outside the basic service set, computing, a target frame check sequence for the wake-up radio frame without using the basic service set identifier associated with the basic service set, appending the target frame check sequence to the wake-up radio frame; and transmitting, to one or more client stations, the wake-up radio frame with the appended target frame check sequence.
A first communication device generates a media access control (MAC) frame that includes an indication of a change in a block acknowledgment (BA) session that was previously established between the first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device transmits the MAC frame to the second communication device. The MAC frame is configured to cause the second communication device to adopt the change in the BA session in response to receiving the MAC frame.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
38.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WAKE-UP RADIO MULTI-ANTENNA TRANSMISSION
Embodiments described herein provide a method for transmitting a wake-up radio packet to low power devices in a wireless local area network. At a wireless access point having a plurality of antennas, data for transmission to one or more lower power wireless devices are received. A wake-up radio packet, including a wake-up data frame, is configured for transmission to the one or more lower power wireless devices. A waveform for transmitting the wake-up radio packet is generated. At each of the plurality of antennas, the waveform is adjusted with spatial mapping to prevent unintentional spatial nulling of the waveform during transmission of the wake-up radio packet. The wake-up radio packet is transmitted, via the plurality of antennas, in a form of the adjusted waveform to the one or more lower power wireless devices prior to transmitting the received data to the one or more lower power wireless devices.
H04B 7/04 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
A first communication device generates and transmits a first communication frame corresponding to a request to participate in a block acknowledgment procedure. The first communication frame includes: a first field indicating a number of buffers requested to be allocated at a second communication device for buffering data units to be transmitted by the first communication device, and a second field indicating a first maximum bitmap length supported by the first communication device. The first communication device receives a second communication frame corresponding to a response to the first communication frame. The second communication frame includes: a third field indicating a number of buffers allocated at the second communication device for buffering the data units transmitted by the first communication device, and a fourth field indicating a second maximum bitmap length supported by the second communication device. The first communication device performs the block acknowledgment procedure in accordance with the second maximum bitmap length.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
A first communication device generates a block acknowledgement (BA) frame that includes (i) acknowledgement information to indicate, to a second communication device, whether the first communication device successfully received multiple media access control (MAC) frames transmitted by the second communication device, and (ii) an indication of a change in a BA session between the first communication device and the second communication device. The first communication device transmits the BA frame to the second communication device, where the BA frame causes the second communication device to adopt the change in the BA session in response to receiving the BA frame.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
A networking system (20) includes a transmitter (44), a waveguide (32) and a receiver (48), The transmitter is configured to generate a millimeter- wave signal carrying data. The waveguide is transmissive at millimeter-wave frequencies and is configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal from the transmitter, and to guide the millimeter-wave signal from the transmitter to a downstream location by having a dielectric constant that varies over a transversal cross-section of the waveguide in accordance with a predefined profile. The receiver is configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal guided by the waveguide, and to extract the data carried by the received millimeter- wave signal.
In a range measurement signal exchange session between a first communication device and a second communication device, the first communication device generates an NDP, which includes: generating a plurality of training fields to be used by the second communication device to determine a time of arrival of the NDP. Each training field corresponds to a respective orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. Generating the plurality of training fields includes: i) setting signal samples corresponding to guard intervals between the OFDM symbols to zero, and ii) for each OFDM symbol, setting a plurality of frequency domain values corresponding to OFDM subcarriers of the OFDM symbol to complex number values. The first communication device transmits the NDP as part of the range measurement signal exchange session.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
43.
OPERATION WITH BANDWIDTH-LIMITED DEVICES IN A WIRELESS NETWORK
A first communication device allocates respective portions of a communication channel, that includes at least one primary component channel and one or more non-primary component channels, to a plurality of second communication devices, including a bandwidth-limited second communication device configured to operate with a maximum bandwidth that is less than a full bandwidth of the communication channel. The bandwidth-limited second communication device is operating in a particular component channel, and allocation of a frequency portion to the bandwidth-limited second communication device is restricted to the particular component channel. The first communication device transmits a data unit that includes one or both of: respective data for the second communication devices in the respective frequency portions allocated to the respective second communication devices, and one or more trigger frames to prompt transmission of respective data by the second communication devices in the respective frequency portions allocated to the respective second communication devices.
A first communication device transmits a first physical layer protocol data units (PPDU) that includes a first null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame as part of a first ranging measurement exchange. The first communication device transmits a first null data packet (NDP) as part of the first ranging measurement exchange, and records a transmit time of the first NDP. The first communication device determines whether a second NDP was received correctly from a second communication device as part of the first ranging measurement exchange. In response to determining that the second NDP was not received correctly, the first communication device commences a second ranging measurement exchange, including transmitting a second PPDU that includes a second NDPA frame as part of the second ranging measurement exchange.
G01S 5/14 - Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
G01S 5/12 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
G01S 3/46 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
45.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATION OF PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNITS
A method, performed at a first communication device, for transmitting a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) is described. An initiating PPDU is received from a second communication device. The initiating PPDU has a PHY header that indicates a first PPDU format of the initiating PPDU and a PPDU format field that indicates a second PPDU format of a responding PPDU to be transmitted in response to the initiating PPDU. The responding PPDU is generated using the second PPDU format. The responding PPDU is transmitted in response to the initiating PPDU.
n,nnLSBs of the reference BSSID. The TA field, the first field, and the second field in the management frame indicate the reference BSSID to a client station that receives the management frame.
In a method for wireless communication, a communication device selects a downclocking ratio for generating a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) to be transmitted in a vehicular communication network. The communication device generates the PPDU i) according to the selected downclocking ratio, and ii) as a downclocked version of a PPDU format defined by one of a) the IEEE 802.1 In Standard, b) the IEEE 802.1 lac Standard, and c) the IEEE 802.1 lax Standard. The communication device transmits the PPDU in the vehicular communication network.
A first communication device configured is for communication with one or more second communication devices over a communication channel. The first communication device generates a first bandwidth indication of a first bandwidth of a first channel segment of the communication channel, and generates a second bandwidth indication, separate from the first bandwidth indication, of a second bandwidth of a second channel segment of the communication channel. The first channel segment does not overlap in frequency with the second channel segment. The first communication device generates one or more media access control protocol (MAC) data units to include the first bandwidth indication and the second bandwidth indication, and transmits the one or more MAC data units to the one or more second communication devices to indicate the first bandwidth of the first channel segment and the second bandwidth of the second channel segment to the one or more second communication devices.
A communication device sets a first channel access timer to a first duration in which at least a first portion of a communication channel is expected to be busy, the first timer corresponding to a first one of a plurality of component channels of the communication channel. The communication device also sets a second channel access timer to a second duration in which at least a second portion of the communication channel is expected to be busy, the second timer corresponding to a second one of the plurality of component channels. The communication device counts down the first timer and the second timer. When at least one of the first timer and the second timer reaches zero, the communication device determines whether one or more of the component channels are idle, and transmits at least one signal in at least one of the component channels determined to be idle.
A packet generator (20) includes a checksum calculator (78) configured to distinguish, in a communication packet belonging to a sequence of packets, between (i) one or more constant values of a header of the packet, the one or more constant values remaining unchanged across the packets in the sequence, (ii) a payload of the packet, and (iii) one or more variable values of the header, the one or more variable values changing among the packets in the sequence, to determine a constant-values partial checksum calculated over the constant values of the header, to calculate a payload partial checksum over the payload, to calculate a final checksum value for the packet based on (i) the constant-values partial checksum, (ii) the payload partial checksum and (iii) the variable values of the header, and to insert the final checksum value into the packet. An egress interface transmits the packet over a network.
An Ethernet transceiver (20) includes physical-layer (PHY) circuitry (24, 28) and a signal-loss detector (36). The PHY circuitry is configured to receive a signal from a peer transceiver, to process the received signal in a series of digital PHY-level processing operations, and to output the processed signal for Medium Access Control (MAC) processing. The signal- loss detector is configured to receive, from the PHY circuitry, a digital version of the received signal, and to detect a signal-loss event based on an amplitude of the digital version of the received signal.
A single media access control (MAC) layer processor provides data to one or more baseband signal processors, which generate a plurality of baseband signals corresponding to the data provided by the MAC layer processor. The plurality of baseband signals includes at least a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal. The first baseband signal has a first frequency bandwidth and the second baseband signal has a second frequency bandwidth that is different than the first frequency bandwidth. The one or more baseband signal processors provide the plurality of baseband signals to a plurality of radio frequency (RF) radios for simultaneous wireless transmission via a plurality of RF segments.
A communication device determines a physical layer (PHY) transmission mode for transmitting a wakeup radio (WUR) packet. The communication device generates a first portion of the WUR packet, the first portion corresponding to a WLAN legacy PHY preamble and spanning a first frequency bandwidth. The communication device generates a second portion of the WUR packet, the second portion of the WUR packet spanning a second frequency bandwidth that is less than the first frequency bandwidth. The second portion of the WUR packet includes a PHY sync signal that corresponds to the selected PHY transmission mode, wherein the PHY sync signal is selected from a plurality of different PHY sync signals that respectively correspond to a plurality of different PHY transmission modes. The communication device generates a PHY data portion, within the second portion of the WUR packet, according to the selected transmission mode.
A communication device receives a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU). The PPDU includes i) a PHY preamble and ii) PHY data portion that includes one or more PHY midambles, and the PHY preamble includes i) an indication of a length of the PPDU, typically in the L-SIG field, and ii) an indication of a periodicity of PHY midambles in the PHY data portion, for instance as a new field within the HE- SIG-A field. The communication device calculates a number of PHY midambles in the PPDU using i) the indication of the length of the PPDU, and ii) the indication of the periodicity of PHY midambles. The communication device calculates a reception time for the PPDU using the calculated number of PHY midambles, and processes the PPDU using the calculated reception time.
A first communication device prompts a plurality of second communication devices to transmit, during a contiguous time period reserved for a range measurement exchange, respective first null data packets (NDPs) at respective times. The first communication device receives first NDPs from at least some of the second communication devices during the contiguous time period, and transmits one or more second NDPs to the plurality of second communication devices. The first communication device uses reception of the first NDPs and transmission of the one or more second NDPs to determine respective ranges between the first communication device and respective second communication devices.
A first communication device generates and transmits a wakeup packet configured to cause a wakeup radio of a second communication device to prompt a wireless local area network (WLAN) network interface device of the second communication device to transition from a low power state to an active state. The wakeup packet is generated to include i) a WLAN legacy preamble, ii) a wakeup radio (WUR) preamble, and iii) a data portion. The data portion comprises a plurality of time segments, each time segment corresponds to a respective information bit. The data portion is generated to include a respective prefix inserted prior to each time segment corresponding to the respective bit to mitigate intersymbol interference at a receiver caused at least by multipath effects.
A first communication device receives one or more aggregate medium access control (MAC) data units from respective one or more second communication devices. Respective aggregate MAC data units include multiple MAC data units from respective ones of the one or more second communication devices. The first communication device generates one or more acknowledgement information fields, including a first acknowledgement information field corresponding to a particular second communication device includes i) a length indication that indicates a length of an acknowledgement field, and ii) the acknowledgment field of the indicated length. The acknowledgement field includes respective acknowledgement information for at least some of the multiple MAC data units received from the particular second communication device. The first communication device generates an acknowledgement data unit to include the one or more one or more acknowledgement information fields, and transmits the acknowledgment data unit to the one or more second communication devices.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
58.
PACKETS WITH MIDAMBLES HAVING COMPRESSED OFDM SYMBOLS
A communication device generates: i) a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a PHY protocol data unit (PPDU), ii) a first portion of a PHY data payload of the PPDU, and iii) a second portion of the PHY data payload. The PHY preamble includes a first training field, and one or more second training fields. The first portion of the PHY data payload and the second portion of the PHY data payload include a plurality of first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Each of multiple first OFDM symbols has a first duration. The communication device generates a PHY midamble of the PPDU to be included between the first and second portions of the PHY data payload. The PHY midamble includes one or more third training fields, each including a respective second OFDM symbol having a second duration shorter than the first duration.
A first communication device generates a first portion of a wakeup packet, which corresponds to a legacy physical layer protocol (PHY) preamble corresponding to a communication protocol, and includes a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol that spans a first bandwidth. The first communication device generates a second OFDM symbol, which spans the first bandwidth. The first communication device generates a second portion of the wakeup packet, which does not conform to the communication protocol and is configured to prompt a wakeup radio at a second communication device to prompt a network interface at the second communication device to transition from a low power state to an active state. The first communication device transmits the wakeup packet. Modulation of the second OFDM symbol according to a modulation scheme signals to third communication devices operating according to the communication protocol that the wakeup packet does not conform to the communication protocol.
A first communication device determines which one or more types of feedback information, from among a plurality of types of feedback information associated with a range measurement exchange session, a second communication device is to provide to the first communication device in a feedback packet transmitted as part of the range measurement exchange session. The first communication device transmits to the second communication device one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the second communication device is to provide to the first communication device in the feedback packet. The first communication device performs the range measurement exchange, including receiving the feedback packet from the second communication device, wherein the feedback packet includes the determined one or more types of feedback information.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
A first communication device transmits a first packet that includes a wakeup request packet configured to prompt a wakeup radio at a second communication device to prompt a network interface device of the second communication device to transition from a low power state to an active state. The first communication device measures a delay period after an end of transmission of the first packet. The delay period corresponds to a time required for the network interface device of the second communication device to transition from the low power state to the active state. After at least the delay period, the first communication device transmits the second packet.
A first communication device generates and transmits to a second communication device: first and second information elements that respectively indicate capabilities regarding physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) conforming to a first communication protocol and a second communication protocol. The first communication device generates and transmits a MAC data unit that includes a number corresponding to a maximum number of spatial streams supported by the first communication device. The number in the MAC data unit, and one or more of i) the first information element, ii) the second information element, and iii) other information in the MAC data unit, indicate first and second maximum numbers of spatial streams supported by the first communication device with respect to PPDUs conforming to the first communication protocol, and PPDUs conforming to the second communication protocol, respectively.
H04W 28/18 - Negotiating wireless communication parameters
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
During a service period (SP) for a ranging measurement signal exchange between a first communication device and one or more second communication devices, the first communication device receives respective first null data packets (NDPs) from the one or more second communication devices, and transmits respective second NDPs to the one or more second communication devices. The first communication device transmits, during the SP, respective first ranging measurement feedback packets to the one or more second communication devices to allow each of the one or more second communication devices to determine a time-of-flight between the first communication device and the second communication device and/or receives, during the SP, respective second ranging measurement feedback packets from the one or more second communication devices to allow the first communication device to determine respective times-of-flight between the first communication device and the one or more second communication devices.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
G01S 5/14 - Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
G01S 13/76 - Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
A packet type corresponding to a packet received by a network device is determined. Based on the packet type, one or more header fields to be extracted from a header of the packet are identified. Identifying the one or more header fields includes extracting, from a memory based on the packet type, respective indicators of locations of the one or more header fields and respective indicators of sizes of the one or more header fields. The one or more identified header fields from the header of the packet, based on the respective indicators of locations of the one or more header fields and respective indicators of sizes of the one or more header fields. The packet is then processed based on the one or more header fields extracted from the header. The processing includes determining at least one port to which to forward the packet.
Embodiments described herein provide a method for fragmenting and reassembling data frames on a medium access control (MAC) layer in a wireless local area network. A datagram is received from an application running on a first network device, for transmission over a wireless communication link in the wireless local area network. A negotiation request is initiated with a second network device for determining whether both the first network device and the second network device have enhanced directional multi-gigabit capability (EMDG) for data segmentation and reassembly. When both devices have EMDG capability and the size of the datagram exceeds the maximum size defined by the wireless local area network transmission protocol, the datagram is segmented into a plurality of transmission data units on the MAC layer.
Embodiments described herein provide a method for an error logging mechanism operated with controller area network (CAN) buses within an Ethernet network. A first interrupt request indicative of a first error condition that occurs at the first CAN bus is received at an Ethernet bridge and from a first CAN controller connected to a first CAN bus. In response to the first interrupt request, the first interrupt request is serviced by retrieving, from a first error register at the first CAN controller, information relating to the first error condition. The information relating to the first error condition is encapsulated in a first frame in compliance with a layer 2 transport protocol for time-sensitive applications. The encapsulated first frame is then sent, via an Ethernet switch, to an error logging device installed at a location remote to the first CAN bus.
When a communication device determines that a packet (PPDU) is to use a first length of a training field and a first duration of a guard interval (GI), the communication device generates a field of the PHY preamble to include a subfield set to a first value that indicates the packet uses the first length of the training field and the first duration of the GI. When the communication device determines that the PPDU is to use the first length of the training field and a second duration of the GI the communication device generates the field of the PHY preamble to include i) the subfield set to the first value, ii) one or more other subfields set to one or more second values that correspond to a mode that is not permitted by a communication protocol, to indicate that the PPDU uses the first length of the training field and the second duration of the GI.
A switching system comprises a controlling switch and a plurality of port extenders. One of the port extenders includes: at least one upstream port; multiple downstream ports; and a forwarding engine. A forwarding database is populated with entries indicating associations between i) respective network addresses corresponding to devices coupled to downstream ports, and ii) respective local downstream ports. The forwarding database excludes entries corresponding to network addresses corresponding to devices coupled to the at least one upstream port. The forwarding engine is configured to: for a first packet received via one of the local downstream ports, and having a destination network address in the forwarding database, forward the first packet to a different local downstream port indicated by the forwarding database. For a second packet received via one of the local downstream ports, and having a destination network address not in the forwarding database, forward the second packet to the at least one upstream port.
In a wireless communication network that operates according to a communication protocol that defines one or more first transmission modes that provide extended range communications as compared to one or second transmission modes defined by the communication protocol, a communication device generates a communication frame that includes information indicating that the one or more first transmission modes should not be used when transmitting in the wireless communication network. The communication device transmits the communication frame to instruct one or more other communication devices in the wireless communication network to not use the one or more first transmission modes when transmitting in the wireless communication network.
A network device is described. The network device includes a plurality of ingress interfaces, a plurality of memory units configured to store packets received at the plurality of ingress interfaces, a first pool of memory access tokens, and one or more integrated circuits that implement a memory controller. The memory access tokens correspond to respective memory units and are distinct within the first pool. The memory controller is configured to selectively assign at least one individual memory access token to the ingress interfaces to govern write access to the memory units. The ingress interfaces write packets to memory units identified by the corresponding assigned memory access tokens. The network controller is configured to reassign a first memory access token from a first ingress interface to a second ingress interface between consecutive write commands from the first ingress interface based on a write access scheme to access non- sequential memory units.
A first communication device receives a plurality of training signals from a second communication device via a communication channel. The first communication device determines, based on the plurality of training signals, a channel matrix corresponding to the communication channel, and determines, based the channel matrix and without decomposing a steering matrix, compressed feedback to be provided to the second communication device. The first communication device transmits the compressed feedback to the second communication device to enable the second communication device to steer at least one subsequent transmission to the first communication device.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
72.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION OF LOCAL OSCILLATOR PATHS IN OSCILLATOR-OPERATED CIRCUITS
Embodiments described herein provide a system having phase synchronized local oscillator paths. The system includes a first circuit, which in turn includes a first counter configured to generate a first counter output signal in response to a first clock signal controlling the first counter. The first circuit also includes a first phase-locked loop coupled to the first counter. The first phase-locked loop is configured to receive the first counter output signal as a first synchronization clock for the first phase-locked loop and to generate a first output signal having rising edges aligned according to the first counter output signal.
H03L 7/197 - Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division
H03L 7/23 - Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using more than one loop with pulse counters or frequency dividers
H03L 7/10 - Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop - Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range
73.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR A LOG-LIKELIHOOD RATIO BASED DYNAMIC PRE-PROCESSING SELECTION SCHEME IN A LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK DECODER
Embodiments described herein provide a system for dynamically selecting a pre-processing scheme for an LDPC decoder (106). The system includes a receiver configured to detect transmission of a first data packet and receive a first set of data bits corresponding to a first portion of the first data packet. The system further includes a histogram generator (103) configured to calculate log-likelihood ratios for each data bit from the first set of data bits, and generate a histogram based on the calculated log-likelihood ratios. The receiver is configured to continue receiving a second set of data bits corresponding to a second portion of the first data packet. The system further includes a selector (104) configured to activate or inactivate a log-likelihood ratio pre-processing scheme (105) on the received second set of data bits based on characteristics of the histogram.
H03M 13/37 - Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups
H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
74.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRANSMITTING A WAKE-UP RADIO SIGNAL TO LOW POWER DEVICES IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Embodiments described herein provide a method for transmitting a wake-up radio signal to low power devices in a wireless local area network. Data for transmission to a wireless device is received at a wireless access point, and a wake-up radio packet is generated. The wake-up signal includes a first preamble, a second preamble, and payload data including a wake-up user identifier assigned to the wireless device. The wake-up radio packet is encoded into an encoded wake-up radio frame including a plurality of encoded data symbols representing modulated payload data. The encoded wake-up radio frame is modulated onto a modulated waveform for transmission. A signal corresponding to the modulated waveform is transmitted to the wireless device.
A first communication device in a first wireless network determines a transmit power for transmitting a first packet during a spatial reuse opportunity corresponding to a transmission in a second wireless network. Determining the transmit power includes using a spatial reuse parameter, indicative of an acceptable interference level in the second wireless network, included in a second packet transmitted by a second communication device in the second wireless network. The first communication device generates the first packet to include information to indicate to a third communication device, that is an intended receiver of the first packet, to not transmit an acknowledgment of the first packet according to a normal acknowledgment procedure during the spatial reuse opportunity. The first communication device transmits the first packet at the determined transmit power, and receives the acknowledgement from the third communication device, the acknowledgement having not been transmitted according to the normal acknowledgment procedure.
H04W 52/24 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
H04W 52/22 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
76.
MERGING READ REQUESTS IN NETWORK DEVICE ARCHITECTURE
Packet data corresponding to a multicast (MC) packet received by a network device is stored in a packet memory. A header of the MC packet is analyzed to determine two or more ports via which the MC packet is to be transmitted. It is determined that two or more pending read requests are to read packet data from a particular memory location in the packet memory. In response to determining that the two or more pending read requests are to read packet data from the particular memory location, the packet data is read a single time from the particular memory location. Respective instances of the packet data read from the particular memory location are provided to respective two or more read client devices for subsequent transmission of the packet data via the two or more ports determined by the packet processor.
A first communication i) selects one or more respective preliminary identifiers (IDs) for one or more second communication devices, or ii) receives one or more respective preliminary IDs from one or more second communication devices, the one or more respective preliminary IDs having been respectively selected by the one or more second communication devices. The first communication device generates a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating one or more first frequency resource and/or spatial stream allocations to one or more second communication devices using the one or more respective preliminary IDs. The first communication device transmits the trigger frame to initiate at least an uplink (UL) MU transmission by multiple second communication devices for a ranging procedure.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04B 7/02 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
Embodiments described herein provide a method for performing multi-level coding in a discrete multitone modulation (DMT) communication system. A plurality of data bits are divided into a first number of un-encoded bits and a set of bits to be encoded. The set of bits to be encoded are encoded into a second number of encoded bits. The first number is different from the second number, and the first number is an even number or an odd number. The first number of un-encoded bits and the second number of encoded bits are mapped into a plurality of constellation points. The plurality of constellation points are transmitted as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
Methods and apparatus for performing full-duplex communications using a G.hn protocol are provided. A second node of a plurality of nodes is selected, by a first node with which to engage in full-duplex communications. A first seed common to the plurality of nodes is retrieved. A search is performed for a second seed assigned to the second node. A first portion of a frame is generated for transmission using a half-duplex communications mode, wherein transmissions using the half-duplex communications mode are detectable by each of the nodes. A first group of subcarriers is loaded with the first set of phases generated using the first seed and a second group of subcarriers is loaded with the second set of phases generated using the second seed. The first portion is transmitted, in the half-duplex communications mode, from the first node using the first and second groups of subcarriers.
A method of conducting full-duplex transmission between first and second nodes in a communications system having more than two nodes includes the issuing of a start signal on a channel by the first node, wherein the start signal signals that full-duplex transmission is to begin, and identifies the second node as a node with which full- duplex communication is to occur. The method also includes, following the issuing of the start signal, the beginning of full-duplex transmission by the first and second nodes. A node, for use in a network including at least two nodes, is configured to initiate full-duplex communication with any other node by issuing a start signal, where the start signal signals that full-duplex transmission is to begin, and identifies a second node as a node with which full-duplex communication is to occur, and by, following the issuing of the start signal, beginning full-duplex communication.
Aspects of the disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes a transceiver and a processing circuit. The transceiver is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals. The processing circuit is configured to configure a field within a data unit for buffer information report, determine a first scale factor for scaling a first value indicative of buffered traffic of a first category, and a second scale factor for scaling a second value indicative of buffered traffic of a category, configure the field to include the first scale factor with the first value and the second scale factor with the second value, and provide the data unit to the transceiver for transmitting to another apparatus that allocates resources for transmission between the two apparatuses.
Systems and techniques relating to wireless communications are described. A transmitter for a wireless local area network (WLAN) identifies a channel bonding mode out of a number of channel bonding modes. The channel bonding mode includes two or more available channels used by the transmitter for data transmission in the WLAN, and the two or more available channels indicating at least one busy channel not used by the transmitter for data transmission. The channel bonding mode is signaled to a receiver using a bandwidth field of a legacy signal field that is duplicated across respective channels used in the WLAN, the legacy signal field being in a preamble portion of a frame. The frame is transmitted to the receiver, wherein the frame includes a data portion of the frame that occupies the two or more available channels according to the channel bonding mode.
Aspects of the disclosure provide an apparatus that includes a transceiver circuit and a processing circuit. The transceiver circuit is configured to receive a trigger signal this is transmitted by another apparatus. The trigger signal triggers transmissions by a first group of apparatuses including the apparatus, and defers transmissions by a second group of apparatuses that interfere the transmissions by the first group of apparatuses. The processing circuit is configured to, in response to the trigger signal, generate a frame with a first preamble structure that is different from a second preamble structure that is used by the second group of apparatuses, and provide the generated frame to the transceiver circuit for transmission.
A first communication device generates a first physical layer (PHY) data unit that includes information indicating a capability to use a channel bandwidth greater than a maximum channel bandwidth of the first communication device, and transmits the first PHY data unit to a second communication device during an association process with the second communication device. The first communication device generates a second PHY data unit that includes information indicating a capability to use at most the maximum channel bandwidth of the first communication device, and transmits the second PHY data unit to the second communication device when the first communication device is associated with the second communication device.
A communication device maps a plurality of bits to a first set of transmission symbols corresponding to a first set of subcarriers within a component communication channel. Transmission symbols among the first set of transmission symbols correspond to respective subsets of one or more bits, and transmission symbols among the first set of transmission symbols are single carrier transmission symbols. The communication device maps the plurality of bits to a second set of transmission symbols corresponding to a second set of subcarriers within the component communication channel. At least a subset of multiple transmission symbols in the second set of transmission symbols correspond to phase adjusted versions of transmission symbols in a corresponding at least a subset of multiple transmission symbols in the first set of transmission symbols. The communication device generates a transmission signal using the first set of transmission symbols and the second set of transmission symbols.
A first communication device receives a first data unit from a second communication device via one or more communication channels. The first data unit includes an indication of a first set of one or more sub-channels allocated to the first communication device, and the first data unit is configured to prompt the first communication device to transmit channel availability information as part of a subsequent orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission. The first communication device determines channel availability information for the one or more communication channels, and when the first communication device determines that at least one of the communication channels is idle, the first communication device transmits a second data unit to the second communication device in one or more sub- channels allocated to the first communication device as part of the OFDMA transmission, the second data unit including the channel availability information.
A method for transmitting a subchannel availability for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission is described. An availability of one or more subchannels of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) channel are determined by a first communication device for the UL MU transmission. A High Throughput (HT) Control field of a media access control (MAC) header that includes an indication of the determined availability of the one or more subchannels is generated by the first communication device. A MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) that includes the HT Control field is generated by the first communication device. The MPDU is transmitted by the first communication device to a second communication device via the OFDM channel for a subsequent allocation of radio resources for the UL MU transmission by the second communication device.
A first communication device determines one or more parameters related to a format of a media access control layer (MAC) data unit for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The format of the MAC data unit for the UL MU transmission is different than a format of a MAC data unit for an UL single user (SU) transmission. The first communication device generates one or more data units that include the one or more parameters. The first communication device transmits the one or more data units to a plurality of second communication devices to inform the plurality of second communication devices of the format of the MAC data unit for UL MU transmissions by the plurality of second communication devices to the first communication device.
A first communication device associated with a first communication network determines that a second communication device associated with a second communication network is located proximate to the first communication device. The first communication device generates a data unit that includes information indicating i) a color identifier of the second communication network, the color identifier usable to identify transmissions from the second communication network, and ii) that a dynamic clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure should not be used for transmissions from the second communication network. The first communication device transmits the data unit to at least one other communication device associated with the first communication network such that the at least one other communication device associated with the first communication network does not use the dynamic CCA procedure for transmissions identified as being from the second communication network.
Embodiments described herein provide a method for accessing a host memory through non-volatile memory over fabric bridging with direct target access. A first memory access command encapsulated in a first network packet is received at a memory interface unit and from a remote direct memory access (RDMA) interface and via a network fabric. The first memory access command is compliant with a first non-volatile memory interface protocol and the first network packet is compliant with a second non-volatile memory interface protocol. The first network packet is unwrapped to obtain the first memory access command. The first memory access command is stored in a work queue using address bits of the work queue as a pre-set index of the first memory access command. The first memory access command is sent from the work queue based on the pre-set index to activate a first target storage device.
G06F 13/28 - Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using burst mode transfer, e.g. direct memory access, cycle steal
G06F 3/06 - Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
91.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SECURE DEVICE AUTHENTICATION
The present disclosure describes apparatuses and techniques for secure device authentication. In some aspects, a public ephemeral key of a device is exposed. A message received from a remote device to authenticate includes a hash of the public ephemeral key of the device, a public ephemeral key and an encrypted public key of the remote device, and an encrypted hash value useful to prove ownership of the public key received from the remote device. An encryption key is generated based on the public ephemeral key of the remote device and a private ephemeral key of the device. The device then decrypts, with the encryption key, the encrypted public key of the remote device and the encrypted hash value. The remote device is then authenticated by verifying, based on the decrypted hash value, that the remote device owns the decrypted public key.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
92.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HIGH PRECISION CABLE LENGTH MEASUREMENT IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Embodiments described herein provide a system for cable length measurement in a communication system. The system includes a transmitter, a receiver, a signal sampler and a cable length calculation unit. The transmitter is configured to transmit a plurality of data symbols at a first data rate via a wired data communication link, and the receiver is configured to receive a reflection signal. The signal sampler is configured to sample the received reflection signal using a phase shift number of shifting sampling phases to generate reflection samples, and combine the reflection samples with different sampling phases to generate a series of reflection samples corresponding to a second data rate higher than the first data rate. The cable length calculation unit is configured to determine a delay parameter from the series of reflection samples, and generate an estimate of a length of the data communication link.
A first communication device receives an aggregated data unit from a second communication device. The aggregated data unit aggregates (i) one or more sets of multiple data units, each set of multiple data units to be acknowledged by a respective block acknowledgement and (ii) one or more single data units, each single data unit to be acknowledged by a respective single acknowledgement. The first communication device generates a block acknowledgment frame that includes (i) block acknowledgement information to acknowledge the one or more sets of multiple data units, and (ii) single acknowledgment information to acknowledge the one or more single data units, where the block acknowledgement frame omits an indication that the block acknowledgement frame includes the single acknowledgement information. The first communication device causes the block acknowledgement frame to be transmitted to the second communication device.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
94.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF TRANSMISSIONS IN A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
A first communication device receives a physical layer (PHY) data unit from a second communication device. The PHY data unit includes multiple medium access control (MAC) data units aggregated in an aggregate MAC data unit. The first communication device generates an acknowledgment data unit to acknowledge receipt of the multiple MAC data units. The acknowledgment data unit includes (i) a length indication that indicates a length of an acknowledgement field, and (ii) the acknowledgment field of the indicated length. The acknowledgement field includes respective acknowledgement information for the multiple MAC data units. The first communication device transmits the acknowledgment data unit to the second communication device.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
A network device includes a packet processor, a plurality of interface circuits, a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit and a configuration controller. The interface circuits are configured to transmit and receive signals to/from other devices that are coupled to the network device. A master interface circuit among the interface circuits is configured to recover a network clock from a received signal. The PLL circuit is configured to generate an interface clock based on a system clock of the network device and a configuration of the PLL circuit and to provide the interface clock to the plurality of interface circuits to govern communication timings of the interface circuits. The configuration controller is configured to detect a difference of the interface clock relative to the recovered network clock, and to determine the configuration of the PLL circuit based on the difference to govern operation of the PLL circuit.
H04L 7/033 - Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
A communication device determines, in connection with a prior uplink multi- user (UL MU) communication in which the communication device participated, whether the communication device is to use one or more first channel access parameters, or one or more second channel access parameters for accessing a communication medium for a single user (SU) transmission by the communication device, where using the one or more first channel access parameters is associated with a greater probability of obtaining access to the communication medium as compared to using the one or more second channel access parameters. Depending on the determination made, the communication device uses the one or more first channel access parameters, or the one or more second channel access parameters to attempt to access the communication medium. In response to accessing the communication medium, the communication device transmits the SU transmission via the communication medium.
Systems and techniques relating to channel degradation detection for communication systems are described. A described system includes an interface to transmit signals and receive signals via a channel that includes a cable; an echo canceller coupled with the interface, the echo canceller to perform echo cancellation based on echo tap values to remove portions of the transmitted signals that appear as echoes within the received signals; an equalizer coupled with the interface, the equalizer to perform signal equalization based on equalizer tap values, the equalizer tap values being determined based on at least a portion of the received signals to adjust an impulse response of the channel and reduce inter-symbol interference within the received signals; and circuitry configured to determine a return loss channel quality indicator of the channel based on the echo tap values, determine an insertion loss channel quality indicator of the channel based on the equalizer tap values, or both.
H04B 17/309 - Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
H04L 25/03 - Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
H04B 3/23 - Reducing echo effects or singing; Opening or closing transmitting path; Conditioning for transmission in one direction or the other using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers
98.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING RESOURCE SIGNALING WITHIN A WRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN)
Embodiments described herein provide a method for resource unit signaling with reduced data bits in a wireless local area network. At a wireless transceiver, a data frame may be obtained for transmission. The data frame includes a first preamble portion and a second preamble portion compliant with a wireless local area network communication protocol. When an available resource unit for transmitting the data frame is less than an allowed bandwidth, the first preamble portion and the second preamble portion may be configured with resource unit signaling bits. When the available resource unit is greater than or equal to the allowed bandwidth, the resource unit may be virtually divided into a plurality of channels. At least one of the first preamble portion and the second preamble portion may be configured with a first number of bits representing a number of users spatially multiplexed on a channel from the plurality of channels.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
In a method for communicating in a wireless communication network a trigger frame is generated to trigger simultaneous uplink transmissions by multiple communication devices. The trigger frame includes a padding portion having a length determined based on respective time duration requirements of the multiple communication devices, the respective time duration requirements for preparing uplink transmission by the corresponding second communication devices. The trigger frame is transmitted to the multiple communication devices. The simultaneous uplink transmissions, triggered by the trigger frame, are received from the multiple communication devices.
A first communication device receives, from a second communication device, a trigger frame. The first communication device generates a single-user (SU) physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit that includes a PHY protocol payload, wherein the PHY protocol payload include information other than information that acknowledges a previous transmission from the second communication device. In response to the trigger frame, the first communication device transmits the SU PHY protocol data unit to the second communication device, such that the SU PHY protocol data unit is transmitted prior to the first communication device transmitting any other PHY protocol data unit after receiving the trigger frame.
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