Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal alloy part by additive manufacturing, said metal alloy comprising a metal element A and said part further comprising inclusions of a phosphor compound consisting of a metal oxide doped by said metal element A, said method comprising at least one step of forming a layer comprising said metal alloy comprising a metal element A and inclusions of said phosphor compound by an additive manufacturing technique selected from laser metal deposition and laser powder bed fusion, from a mixture comprising a metal alloy powder comprising the metal element A and a precursor powder of said phosphor compound, said precursor powder consisting of a powder of said metal oxide optionally doped with a metal element B different from said metal element A, said phosphor compound being formed in situ, during the implementation of the additive manufacturing technique, by atomic diffusion of a portion of the metal element A of the metal alloy to the metal oxide and exchange of said metal element A with a metal element of the metal oxide.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 10/25 - Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
• B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• B22F 10/38 - Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
• B23K 26/342 - Build-up welding
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• C09K 11/02 - Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
• C09K 11/77 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
• C22C 1/059 - Making alloys comprising less than 5% by weight of dispersed reinforcing phases
• C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
• C22C 33/02 - Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• B22F 3/10 - Sintering only
• B22F 10/36 - Process control of energy beam parameters
• B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a nuclear fuel assembly (1), comprising: - a bundle of nuclear fuel pins (100), each pin comprising cladding accommodating an exclusively fissile column (14), the height of the column being less than or equal to 65 cm, the outer cladding diameter of the pins being greater than or equal to 9 mm, - an assembly body comprising a housing (10) in the form of a hexagonal tube that is closed and sealed to a heat transfer liquid intended to pass through the bundle, the central portion (12) of the housing enclosing the bundle, while the upper portion (11) that forms the assembly head houses an upper neutron shielding (UNS) device filled with neutron-absorbing material, the housing comprising an intermediate portion that defines a plenum volume, - a lower portion forming the base of the assembly, in the extension of the housing, the base being suitable for allowing the heat transfer liquid that flows through the assembly to pass through.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21C 1/02 - Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator
• G21C 5/02 - Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator - Details
• G21C 3/04 - Constructional details
• G21C 3/32 - Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
• G21C 3/52 - Liquid metal compositions

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for achieving ultrasound imaging of an object having two opposite faces, using a pair of multi-element transducers comprising an emit transducer with L elements and a receive transducer with N elements, each placed on the same face or on two opposite faces of the object to be imaged. The invention allows real-time imaging of defects of any shape and orientation in solid structures to be facilitated. To this end, the algorithm described in patent application WO 2020/128344A1 is modified by adding a step of taking account of the distance between the two transducers when writing the spectrum of the image as a function of the spectrum of the received signals. The coordinates of the centre of the receiver, which are then different from that of the transmitter, are added. The expression for the cylindrical (or 3D spherical) wave must then take into account this difference between the positions of the multi-element transmit transducer and the multi-element receive transducer.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/04 - Analysing solids
• G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
• G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
• G01N 29/46 - Processing the detected response signal by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for bi-level optimisation of the location of sensors for detecting one or more defects in a structure using tomography, the method comprising a phase of initialising/generating a database comprising N reference images associated with N defects, and at least one iteration of the following steps: - for each defect: - obtaining (40) items of data via the sensor array that are positioned at a current location; - solving (42) and obtaining a solution to a low-level optimisation problem of reconstructing the relevant defect; - determining (44) a criterion associated with a high-level problem of optimising the quality of the reconstruction of the defects; - determining (46) the gradient of the criterion; - moving (52) each sensor proportional to the value of the gradient and obtaining its location for the next iteration.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/14 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a lipophilic derivative of an aminopolycarboxylic acid as an extractant to extract at least one rare earth from an acidic aqueous solution. Applications: production of rare earths from concentrates derived from urban ores and, in particular, from concentrates from waste electrical and electronic equipment such as used or discarded NdFeB permanent magnets; production of rare earths from concentrates derived from natural ores or from concentrates derived from residues of natural ores.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 59/00 - Obtaining rare earth metals
• C22B 3/28 - Amines
• C22B 3/32 - Carboxylic acids
• C22B 3/26 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
• C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
• C07C 237/06 - Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (30) for optimising the placement of a sensor array for detecting one or more anomalies in a structure, the method comprising a step of iteratively maximising area coverage in the wavenumber space corresponding to the Ewald circle, the method also comprising the steps of: - initialising (32) the sensor array; and, until convergence, at least one iteration of the following steps: - selecting (46), for each iteration, one of the sensors from the sensor array; - determining (48) a neighbouring region; - for each point in the neighbouring region, evaluating (50) predetermined distance metrics between the normalised frequency coverage of an ideal sensor distribution and that of the distribution of the sensor array to which the selected sensor located at said point belongs; - selecting (52) the metrics minimising point as the new position of the selected sensor.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/14 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixed-bed reactor/exchanger (1) for carrying out a thermochemical conversion reaction, comprising a heat exchange grid, the openings of which, which are delimited between adjacent bars, allow the reagents of the desired thermochemical conversion reaction to flow therein, wherein the bars are hollow and effectively constitute channels for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, by means of which the heat of the reaction can be discharged (or supplied).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
• F28D 13/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting discrete neutron components (derived from photonuclear reactions between photons and at least one chemical element to be detected) from a neutron spectrum derived from photonuclear reactions obtained by irradiating a material comprising the at least one chemical element to be detected with a source of photons, at least one energy of the photons of the source being greater than the photonuclear reaction threshold of the chemical element to be detected, which method uses a multilayer and multichannel neural network having an architecture with a convolution stage and a deconvolution stage. The method comprises a preliminary step of training the neural network by supervised learning and a prediction step using the trained neural network.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 23/221 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis
• G01V 5/00 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity

Abstract

The present invention relates to a negative electrode, in particular suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, having a negative electrode layer formed on at least one surface of a current collector, wherein said negative electrode layer comprises at least one Si-C composite particulate material comprising silicon-based particles and one or more carbonaceous material; particles of at least one uncompressible graphite; and particles of at least one compressible graphite, the total uncompressible graphite content ranging from 2% to 60% by mass of the total mass of the negative electrode layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• H01M 4/1393 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for determining a central wavelength of interest (λc) of a spectral line of interest, comprising the steps of: - A detecting, at a time t1, a first reference measured profile (Ps1ref), • B then detecting, at a time t0, a measured profile of interest (PSech) issued by said sample of interest, • C then detecting, at a time t2, a second reference measured profile (Ps2ref) issued by a reference source (Sref), • D processing said first and second reference measured profiles and processing the measured profile of interest, • E determining a reference position referred to as the intermediate reference position (P0ref) at the time t0 by interpolation, • F determining a value of the central wavelength of interest from a difference between said position of interest (Pech) and said intermediate reference position (P0ref), from said known value of the reference wavelength and from a linear dispersion (DL) of the spectrometer and of the associated detector.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
• G01J 3/32 - Investigating bands of a spectrum in sequence by a single detector
• G01J 3/28 - Investigating the spectrum
• G01N 21/27 - Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
• G01J 3/10 - Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• G01J 3/443 - Emission spectrometry

Abstract

Disclosed is a system (10) for measuring a central wavelength of interest (λc) of a spectral line of interest (RSe) measured by a spectrometer, the system comprising: - a detecting system comprising a spectrometer (Spectro) associated with a detector (Det) - a Y-shaped optical fiber (FOY) configured such that: • the first input collects a light signal (SLech) issued by the sample, called the sample signal, • the second input collects a light signal (SLref) issued by a reference source (Sref), called the reference signal, • the output is coupled to an input of the spectrometer, the measuring system being configured so that the detector detects said sample signal and said reference signal simultaneously or sequentially over time, the measuring system further comprising a processing unit (UT) configured to: • process said measured profile of interest and said measured reference profile, • determine a value of the central wavelength of interest from a difference between said position of interest and reference position, from said known value of the reference wavelength and from a linear dispersion (DL) of the detection system.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01J 3/02 - Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours - Details
• G01J 3/32 - Investigating bands of a spectrum in sequence by a single detector
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
• G01J 3/28 - Investigating the spectrum
• G01N 21/27 - Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
• G01J 3/10 - Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• G01J 3/443 - Emission spectrometry

Abstract

The present invention relates to the development of new iron-based alloys, in particular of a steel having improved mechanical, thermal, and physico-chemical (corrosion) properties. More specifically there is disclosed a steel material having a new microstructure, characterized by a hierarchical triple structuring in which there appears a lattice of internal nanometric sub-cells capable of improving the properties and performance of steels.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22C 38/00 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
• C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• C22C 38/40 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
• C22C 33/02 - Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• C22C 38/44 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
• C22C 38/58 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• B22F 1/07 - Metallic powder characterised by particles having a nanoscale microstructure
• B22F 1/052 - Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
• B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• B22F 10/366 - Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
• B22F 10/64 - Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing

Abstract

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for bonding an interconnection element (INTR) to a photovoltaic cell comprising the steps of: - depositing an electrically conductive adhesive film (F1) on the interconnection element (INTR); and - depositing the interconnection element (INTR) on the photovoltaic cell (CELL1), the electrically conductive adhesive film (F1) being arranged in contact with the photovoltaic cell (CELL1).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/048 - Encapsulation of modules
• H01L 31/05 - Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for opening and discharging an electrochemical generator (10) comprising a negative electrode containing lithium or sodium and a positive electrode optionally containing lithium or sodium, the method comprising the following successive steps: - opening the electrochemical generator (10) in a cutting zone, with a cutting element (20), preferably having an electrical resistance greater than 100 mΩ, the electrochemical generator being opened while spraying the cutting zone with a first solution (100), - discharging the electrochemical generator by partially or completely submerging the electrochemical generator (10) in a second solution (200).

IPC Classes  ?

• B09B 3/35 - Shredding, crushing or cutting
• H01M 10/44 - Methods for charging or discharging
• H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
• H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• H01M 10/054 - Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
• H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
• B09B 101/16 - Batteries

Abstract

The present invention concerns a method and a system of fault tolerant preparation of quantum polar code states, comprising: -a set of single qubit Pauli measurement circuits (3) configured to prepare an initial quantum system 5 of N = 2n single-qubit states associated to an initial quantum base, -a set of two qubit Pauli measurement circuits (7) configured to recursively prepare a quantum polar code |q2n)s °f codelength N = 2n, wherein at each recursive level k, where k = 1 to n, a set of 2n/2k quantum polar code states ||<72fc) j(k) = 1 to 2n/2k of codelengths 2k, siW referenced by corresponding sets Sj^ of indices comprising first and second sets of frozen indices = [17, ■ ■■, i7(k)} and X7(k) = {(i + !);(/<),..., 27k k)} is prepared, each quantum polar code state |q2k) being prepared by the application of two qubit Pauli measurement P ® P circuits on two equivalent polar code states 2^ ) 01 aanndd belonging to the output of the antecedent recursive level k — 1 and referenced by two corresponding sets of iinnddiicceess

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
• G06N 10/70 - Quantum error correction, detection or prevention, e.g. surface codes or magic state distillation
• G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a transfer structure (100) comprising the following steps: i) providing an intermediate substrate (110); ii) bonding chips (121, 122) to a first surface of an intermediate substrate (110), whereby a tiling of chips (121, 122) is formed, the chips (121, 122) covering both the central region and the peripheral region of the intermediate substrate (110), the chips (122) positioned in the peripheral region projecting beyond the surface of the intermediate substrate (110), the method further comprising a step iii) of trimming, after step ii), during which the ends of the chips (122) projecting beyond the surface of the intermediate substrate (110) are removed, whereby the chips (122) in the peripheral portion are truncated, and a transfer structure (100) comprising an intermediate structure (110) covered by a donor pseudo-substrate formed of a tiling of chips (121, 122) is obtained, the tiling of the chips (121, 122) being offset with respect to the crystallographic plane of the intermediate substrate (110).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
• H01L 21/762 - Dielectric regions
• H01L 21/304 - Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting

Abstract

(1+x)(2-2x)x7 7 (I) wherein x is selected from the range of from 0.1 to 0.2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 33/00 - Compounds of niobium
• C01G 41/00 - Compounds of tungsten
• H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
• H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for estimating the content of a gas-of-interest in a medium using a measurement device intended to be placed in contact with the medium, the device extending between a contact face intended to be applied against the medium and a distal end, the device comprising a side wall extending between the contact face and the distal end, and the device comprising: on the contact face, at least one intake opening configured to collect the gas-of-interest emitted by the medium, the intake opening extending through the contact face; a measurement chamber comprising a gas sensor, the gas sensor being configured to measure a concentration of the gas-of-interest flowing through the measurement chamber; a collection chamber (30) connected to the measurement chamber and delimited by the side wall, the collection chamber comprising at least one side opening (34) extending through the side face so as to admit ambient air into the collection chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/145 - Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH-value
• G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
• A61B 5/083 - Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
• A61B 5/1455 - Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH-value using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• A61B 5/1477 - Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH-value using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means non-invasive
• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a detectable minimum impedance of a fault by means of an analysis of a cable by reflectometry, the method comprising steps of: - carrying out (301) a measurement, referred to as a reflectogram, of the time-domain impulse response of a reference signal propagated through the cable from an injection point then back-propagated to a measurement point, - determining (302) a threshold of detection of amplitude peaks in the reflectogram, the threshold being proportional to the standard deviation of the measurement, - determining (303) an estimate of the attenuation of the signal based on the measurement, the attenuation being considered constant along the cable, - determining (304) an estimate of the coefficient of reflection of the signal from a fault characterized by an amplitude in the reflectogram equal to the detection threshold, based on the attenuation of the signal and on the measurement, - determining (305) an estimate of the characteristic impedance of said fault, equal to the detectable minimum impedance of a fault.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/11 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse-reflection methods
• H04B 3/46 - Monitoring; Testing

Abstract

The invention relates to a neuromorphic circuit (10) for physically producing a neural network. The neuromorphic circuit (10) comprises: - at least one component (26) that is capable of being excited according to a plurality of excitation eigenmodes with a respective population and of having a plurality of excitation configurations, - a unit (28) for configuring the component (26) capable of exciting the component (26) in order to obtain an excitation configuration chosen on the basis of a desired neural network architecture, and - a unit (30) for interrogating the component (26) capable of selectively modifying the populations of first excitation eigenmodes and of measuring the populations of second excitation eigenmodes, the first and second excitation eigenmodes being the excitation modes of the input neurons and the output neurons of the desired architecture, respectively.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/067 - Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using optical means
• G06N 3/065 - Analogue means
• G06N 3/084 - Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent
• G06N 3/049 - Temporal neural networks, e.g. delay elements, oscillating neurons or pulsed inputs
• H01F 10/13 - Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
• G02F 3/00 - Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices

Abstract

One aspect of the invention relates to an optical phase modulator (1) comprising: a first layer (21) made of dielectric material with a waveguide (11) and a heater (12) extending therein; - at least one upper trench (41) arranged above the heater and side trenches (42, 43) arranged on either side of the waveguide and the heater; and - a second layer (22) made of dielectric material extending over the first layer made of dielectric material and covering each first, second and third trench.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
• G02F 1/295 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

ijjjj) arranged side by side in the pattern plane; and - the area of the orthogonal projection of all of the bubbles of the pattern on the pattern plane is less than 50% of the area of the cross-section of the core (10) of the optical fibre.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/02 - Optical fibres with cladding

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a geopolymer capable of trapping at least one ion, comprising, firstly, the preparation of a geopolymer, which preparation comprises at least one step during which 3D printing is used, then the functionalization of the geopolymer thus prepared with at least one extracting group, said extracting group not comprising an -NH2 amine function. The present invention also relates to the functionalized geopolymer thus prepared and the use thereof for separating at least one ion from a stream containing said at least one ion.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/16 - Alumino-silicates
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• B01J 20/32 - Impregnating or coating
• C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• C02F 101/00 - Nature of the contaminant
• C02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
• C02F 101/20 - Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
• C02F 101/22 - Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
• C02F 103/00 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
• C02F 103/08 - Seawater, e.g. for desalination
• C02F 103/34 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for computing ultrasound paths in order to determine focusing laws or perform ultrasound imaging with reduced processing complexity. The invention aims to propose a new, less complex method that avoids the iterative digital resolutions required for computing the points of impact. The invention solves the aforementioned problem by using a database in which pre-computed values of the points of impact and/or times of flight of the ultrasound waves are stored for different models of surfaces of parts. To image a new part, the method therefore consists in querying the database in order to select the models of surfaces that best resemble the new surface of the part to be imaged and deducing the point of impact and time of flight values therefrom by simply querying the database or by interpolation from a plurality of values in the database.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal
• G01N 29/04 - Analysing solids
• G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
• G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
• A61B 8/00 - Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
• A61B 8/08 - Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings

Abstract

eaexpff.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/20 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring a flow rate of an electrically conductive liquid (Mat) in a pipe, said measurement being performed by a flow-distortion flowmeter (1), the measurement method comprising: a step of measuring the temperature (T) of the electrically conductive liquid, a step of calculating an electrical conductivity (σ_Mat (T)) of the liquid at the temperature (T); a step of setting the excitation frequency (Fpeak(T)) in an excitation coil at any given time; a step of acquiring, by a synchronous detection amplifier belonging to the flow-distortion flowmeter, a first value in the first receiver coil (11) and a second value in the second receiver coil (12); and a step of calculating output data, the output data being independent of a temperature variation in the electrically conductive liquid (Mat).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01F 1/58 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for the automatic redeployment of the geographical coverage of a wireless telecommunications network interconnecting a plurality of wireless mobile devices to a common back base. The method comprises the following steps: - partitioning an initial geographical area of coverage of a wireless telecommunications network into subareas; - assigning a mobile vehicle equipped with a wireless base station to each subarea, each mobile vehicle equipped with a wireless base station being connected to said back base via a wireless link, and being positioned at a geographical position offering wireless network coverage over said subarea to a set of wireless mobile devices; - monitoring the attachment of each wireless mobile device to at least one wireless base station in the initial geographical area of coverage; - determining whether a wireless mobile device is no longer attached to any wireless base station in the initial geographical area of coverage; - if said wireless mobile device is no longer attached to any wireless base station, determining a geographical position for a mobile vehicle equipped with a wireless base station on the basis of the geographical position of said unattached wireless mobile device, said geographical position making it possible to establish wireless network connectivity between said unattached mobile wireless device and the back base; and - deploying a mobile vehicle equipped with a wireless base station at said geographical position, said position defining a new geographical subarea of coverage corresponding to an extension of the initial geographical area of coverage.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 84/00 - Network topologies
• H04B 7/185 - Space-based or airborne stations
• H04L 41/40 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
• H04L 43/0811 - Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
• H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• H04W 4/44 - Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
• H04B 7/155 - Ground-based stations
• H04W 24/10 - Scheduling measurement reports
• H04W 84/04 - Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device (1) for producing coherent Smith-Purcell electromagnetic radiation, which device comprises: an electrically conductive diffraction grating (5) laterally defined by two electrically conductive outer side walls (51, 52); a source (7) for generating an electron beam (11) above the diffraction grating (5), the electron beam being configured to interact with the diffraction grating so as to produce coherent Smith-Purcell electromagnetic radiation (3) directed upstream of the diffraction grating (5) in a predetermined direction; and a mirror (9) configured to collect all of the electromagnetic radiation and redirect it parallel to the diffraction grating (5) to an exit (15) downstream of the diffraction grating (5).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 3/09 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
• H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
• H01S 3/02 - Constructional details
• H01S 3/08 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for converting a feedstock comprising at least one biomass fraction into hydrocarbons, the method comprising a step a) of pretreating the feedstock; a water electrolysis step b) for obtaining a stream of hydrogen and a stream of oxygen, wherein the water is at least partially produced by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis carried out in step e); a step c) of gasifying the feedstock pretreated in step a) in the presence of all or some of the stream of oxygen from the water electrolysis step b) so as to obtain a gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas; an optional step d) of conditioning the gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas from step c); and a step e) of synthesising, by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the gaseous effluent from step c) or, optionally, from step d) in the presence of all or some of the hydrogen from the water electrolysis step b) so as to produce a stream comprising synthesis liquid hydrocarbons and at least one gaseous effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 1/34 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
• C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The present invention relates to the monitoring of the labor period. The gold standard is currently the monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR). However, the FHR monitoring is not satisfying since it leads to low false-negative and high false-positive rates. That's why the inventors worked on a more accurate device. Thus, the present invention proposes an intrapartum measurement probe combining several modalities among which ECG and NIRS to accurately and rapidly recognize oxygen delivery and tissue hypoxia in the critically labor situation.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons
• A61B 5/265 - Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing silver or silver chloride
• A61B 5/369 - Electroencephalography [EEG]
• A61B 5/024 - Measuring pulse rate or heart rate

Abstract

The present invention relates to the monitoring of the labor period. The gold standard is currently the monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR). However, the FHR monitoring is not satisfying since it leads to low false-negative and high false-positive rates. That's why the inventors worked on a more accurate device. Thus, the present invention proposes a device adapted to achieve a smart NIRS spectroscopy which enables to accurately and rapidly recognize oxygen delivery and tissue hypoxia in the critically labor situation.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/1464 - Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH-value using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters specially adapted for foetal tissue

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fibre (1) comprising a core (11) made of a fiberisable material and having an outer surface (111), the fibre being characterised in that it further comprises an outer coating (2) comprising a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride and bentonite, in a proportion of at least 10 wt.% of bentonite relative to the total weight of the outer coating (2). The present invention also relates to an optical component comprising one or more optical fibres (1) according to the invention. Finally, the present invention also relates to a method for producing a pasty composition for fibre coating.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 25/106 - Single coatings
• C03C 25/1065 - Multiple coatings
• G02B 6/10 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for fall detection, comprising at least one accelerometer (2) and means (8) which are programmed to: receive data of at least one acceleration signal originating from the accelerometer (2); identify, from the data from the accelerometer which exceed a certain threshold, data of at least one signal liable to constitute a fall event; identify, from the data of a signal liable to constitute a fall event and in a time window around this event, at least the longest duration for which the signal is uninterruptedly below the mean value of the detected signal; and classify, on the basis of the longest duration, the event as a fall or as a non-fall by means of a classifier based on at least one decision tree and/or based on a gradient descent (XBG or "gradient boosting tree") and/or based on an additional tree (or ETC, or "extremely randomised trees").

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/11 - Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing dihydrogen by photodissociation of water, comprising at least a step of bringing an aqueous solution in contact with oxidized nanodiamonds under solar, natural or artificial illumination (or light).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
• B01J 21/18 - Carbon
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• C01B 32/25 - Diamond
• B01J 37/14 - Oxidising with gases containing free oxygen
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/06 - Washing
• B01J 37/34 - Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of optical fibres comprising a boron nitride (BN)-based coating, in a method for the additive manufacturing of ceramic structures. The present invention also relates to ceramic structures obtained by additive manufacturing comprising an optical component including one or more optical fibres as defined above.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 25/106 - Single coatings
• C03C 25/1065 - Multiple coatings
• G02B 6/10 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
• C03C 25/104 - Coating to obtain optical fibres
• C01B 21/064 - Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron with boron
• C01B 33/20 - Silicates
• C03C 25/12 - General methods of coating; Devices therefor
• C03C 25/42 - Coatings containing inorganic materials
• G02B 6/02 - Optical fibres with cladding

Abstract

22volvol < 80%; c) removing the cryogenic suspension (SC); d) controlling the dosage of the powders (P) according to one or more parameters (Co) linked to the step of mixing and suspending the powders b); e) dosing the powders (P).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01F 27/91 - Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with propellers
• B65G 53/24 - Gas suction systems
• B65G 53/30 - Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes by liquid pressure
• B65G 53/52 - Adaptations of pipes or tubes
• G01G 19/30 - Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in groups for apportioning materials by weighing prior to mixing them using a single weighing apparatus having electrical weight-sensitive devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for injecting a solution which is brought to supercritical conditions, having at least one rotor which, by rotating, will continuously generate friction. In this way, the various moving surfaces will scrape against one another and scrape the walls of the outer containment so that they do not become clogged with salts. All of the phases that may occur within the solution, including some which are potentially fouling because they stick to the walls, notably the salts contained, are eliminated because they are ablated through this friction.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• B01D 21/04 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• F28F 19/00 - Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
• C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
• B01J 19/20 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors

Abstract

The invention relates to a separator for salts contained in a solution which is brought under supercritical conditions in order to precipitate the salts that it contains within a deformable porous structure. The open porosity of the pores of the structure defines a very large deposition/salt precipitation surface. The solution is injected into the enclosure of the separator by a tube which can reach the inside of the chamber and penetrate into the deformable structure, even in its most deformed state. The porous structure is heated via the side wall of the enclosure at a temperature between 300°C and 1000°C. The inorganic salts contained in the solution are trapped/precipitated in contact with the heated porous structure which is in its deformed state. The flow of the salt-depleted solution is discharged through the dedicated outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• B01D 21/04 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
• C02F 11/18 - Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a photovoltaic module (10), wherein the photovoltaic module (10) comprises a first layer (12), a second layer (14) and at least one photovoltaic cell (16); the production method comprising a step of installing an initial stack (28) in an assembly mould (20), the assembly mould comprising a rigid first mould portion (22) delimiting a first imprint (220) having a shape complementary to the shape of the first layer (12) and a rigid second mould portion (24) delimiting a second imprint (240) having a shape complementary to the shape of the second layer (14), the first mould portion (22) and the second mould portion (24) delimiting between them a closed cavity (30), the production method comprising a resin transfer moulding step E2 in which a resin in the liquid state is injected into the cavity (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/048 - Encapsulation of modules
• B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process and an installation wherein a ternary system comprising an aqueous acidic solution, an organic solvent not miscible with water and a thermosensitive hydrotropic agent is used to selectively extract tantalum and optionally niobium by cycling extraction between low- temperature single-phase and high temperature two phase regions in the ternary phase prism far from the critical point.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 3/26 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
• C22B 34/24 - Obtaining niobium or tantalum
• B01J 38/50 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
• B01J 38/60 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using acids
• C01G 33/00 - Compounds of niobium
• C01G 35/00 - Compounds of tantalum

Abstract

The invention concerns a separator for salts contained in a solution which is brought under supercritical conditions, with at least one scraper plate which slides and as it does so gives rise continuously to friction. All of the possible phases in the solution, some of them potentially fouling via sticking to the walls, especially the salts contained, are removed by ablation due to the friction. The course of the scraper plate enables it to be brought into a salt resolubilization zone, namely a zone in the inner chamber of the enclosure or in the tube where the temperature is below the salt precipitation temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• B01D 21/04 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• F28F 19/00 - Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
• C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities

Abstract

The invention relates to a separator for salts contained in a solution which is brought under supercritical conditions, with at least one salt filter which can retain therein salts initially contained in the solution and which are precipitated, including those in the form of micro- or nanoparticles. The operation of the salt separator makes it possible, if necessary, to heat the solution for conversion to a temperature ensuring the precipitation of the salts and their retention within suitable filters and then to separate the solution for conversion into a salt-depleted stream which is discharged from the separator and directed to a conversion reactor, in particular a gasification reactor, and, if appropriate, into a stream loaded with salts to be extracted in the form of a brine.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• B01D 21/04 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• F28F 19/00 - Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
• C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
• C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a separator for salts contained in a solution which is brought with moving balls by means of a worm, under supercritical conditions. Moving of the heated balls brings them into the hollow cylinder of the worm, where their temperature above the salt precipitation temperature allows the salts to settle on the surface of the balls. Movement of the heated balls in a loop firstly allows the solution for conversion to be heated to a temperature ensuring the precipitation of the salts on the balls and then allows the solution for conversion to be separated into a salt-depleted stream which is discharged from the separator and directed to a conversion reactor, in particular a gasification reactor, and into a stream loaded with dissolved salts to be extracted in the form of a brine discharged by preferably gravity emptying through a grid.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• B01D 21/04 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers
• B01D 21/06 - Settling tanks with moving scrapers with rotating scrapers
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
• B01J 3/02 - Feed or outlet devices therefor
• B01J 3/03 - Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
• C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
• C02F 11/10 - Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
• C02F 11/18 - Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam

Abstract

The present invention relates to an engineered unicellular Stramenopile microalga comprising a loss of function of the homologous Seipin gene, an in vitro method of producing triacylglycerols (TAG), and uses thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07K 14/405 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from algae
• C12P 7/6463 - Glycerides obtained from glyceride producing microorganisms, e.g. single cell oil
• C12N 15/82 - Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells
• C12R 1/89 - Algae

Abstract

The invention relates to a quantum device (100) with semiconductor qubits, comprising at least:• - a layer (104) of a first semiconductor arranged on a layer (106) of a second semiconductor, the forbidden energy band of which is different from that of the first semiconductor, such that one of the layers (104, 106) forms a confinement potential barrier with respect to the electrons or the holes intended to be located in confinement regions formed in the other layer (104, 106);• - cavities (108) formed through only one portion of the thickness of the layer (104) of the first semiconductor; - electrically conductive control gates (110) at least partially arranged individually in one of the cavities (108).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 29/205 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including two or more compounds in different semiconductor regions
• H01L 29/423 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
• H01L 29/66 - Types of semiconductor device
• B82Y 10/00 - Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic

Abstract

The invention relates to a method comprising diffusion welding of a stack of parts, at least two of the parts in contact being made of the same alloy, the alloy having: - an absence of abnormal grain coarsening following a first reference heat treatment carried out under thermal conditions identical to the thermal conditions of the diffusion welding; - a fully recrystallised microstructure with an average equivalent grain size of less than 50 μm following a second reference heat treatment which comprises in series a heating of the alloy identical to the heating of the rising phase of the diffusion welding, and a quenching; and - an average equivalent grain size at the end of the first reference heat treatment greater than or equal to 1.5 times the average equivalent grain size at the end of the second reference heat treatment.

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 20/02 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press
• B23K 20/24 - Preliminary treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure (1) comprising a support (2) made of an electric-charge-trapping layer (2b) arranged on the surface of a base substrate (2a) and comprising a thin film (4) made of a lithium-based material and transferred onto the support (2). The structure (1) comprises an interlayer dielectric layer (3) arranged between, and in contact with, the support (2) and the thin film (4). The interlayer dielectric layer (3) comprises a first dielectric layer (31) arranged on, and in contact with, the trapping layer (2b), a silicon nitride barrier layer (5) arranged on, and in contact with, the first dielectric layer (31) and a second dielectric layer (32) arranged on, and in contact with, the barrier layer (5).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/762 - Dielectric regions
• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
• H10N 30/072 - Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by laminating or bonding of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of aluminosilicate polymers having an imogolite local structure and derivatives thereof as an active ingredient against phytopathogenic microorganisms, in particular Plasmopara viticola, which is the cause of downy mildew in grapevines. The invention also relates to a method for combating the occurrence of diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms in plants, the method comprising at least one step of applying, to the plants, a composition comprising at least one aluminosilicate polymer having an imogolite local structure and derivatives thereof as an active ingredient.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01N 59/00 - Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• A01P 3/00 - Fungicides

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of an OFDM-type signal comprising N subcarriers. The signal results from stacking M spatial components that are each transmitted by a respective antenna of a radiofrequency transmitter to a plurality of receivers. Such a method uses spatial coding of the distortion signal associated with clipping the OFDM signal transmitted by the transmitter so that the distortion signal in question is transmitted in the direction of a receiver for which the estimated propagation channel, between the receiver in question and the transmitter, corresponds to a path loss greater than a predetermined threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/26 - Systems using multi-frequency codes
• H04B 7/04 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (1) for improving the conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell, comprising the steps of: - treating (12) the cell by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation having a treatment irradiance (IT); and - cooling (13) the cell until its temperature (T) reaches a threshold temperature (TS), the exposure of the cell to the electromagnetic radiation being maintained and the cooling irradiance of the electromagnetic radiation (IR) being greater than or equal to the treatment irradiance (IT).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining the magnetic moment of a magnetic object flowing through a microfluidic channel (31) on which two magnetic field sensors (31, 32) are arranged on either side, the method (1) comprising: • - receiving two electrical signals; • - calculating the clearance height of the magnetic object (2) through the microfluidic channel (31) from the ratio of the electrical signals and by means of a reference curve; and • - calculating the magnetic moment of the magnetic object from the determined clearance height and one of the electrical signals.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
• G01N 27/74 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables of fluids
• G01N 33/543 - Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals

Abstract

ssss22) greater than or equal to 5s, preferably greater than or equal to 10s; and - a step of cooling (S3) the photovoltaic cell until a temperature (T) of less than 100°C is reached.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an acoustic transducer device, comprising: - a piezoelectric converter (10) which is positioned between a front electrode (11) and a rear electrode (12) and is made of a piezoelectric material; - a front opening (15) which is arranged so that the front electrode is arranged between the piezoelectric material and the front opening (15); - the device being configured to emit an acoustic wave (EW) towards the front opening or to detect an acoustic wave (RW) propagating from the front opening; - the device comprising a rear component (13) which is applied against the rear electrode or forms the rear electrode, the rear component forming an acoustic damping back of the device, the device being characterised in that the rear component comprises a porous metal having a melting temperature that is higher than 200 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• B06B 1/06 - Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid-phase horizontal fixed-bed catalytic reactor comprising a reactor tube (1) extending along a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis (8), which liquid-phase horizontal fixed-bed catalytic reactor comprises a reaction zone (5) extending along the longitudinal axis (8) of the reactor tube (1) configured to receive a fixed catalyst bed and a flow of the liquid reactant and of the liquid product, and a flow zone (6) through which the gaseous product flows extending along the longitudinal axis (8) of the reactor tube (1), and a porous material (7) arranged at least at the interface of the flow zone (6) and the reaction zone (5), the flow zone (6) and the reaction zone (5) being arranged parallel to one another, the flow zone (6) being stacked on top of the reaction zone (5).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 7/00 - Apparatus for generating gases
• B01J 4/00 - Feed devices; Feed or outlet control devices
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes

Abstract

The present invention relates to filtration membranes useful in metal ion separation, gas separation and water purification/desalination. In particular, the present invention relates to a new type of membrane including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), thin- film nanocomposite (TFN), and ionic liquids (ILs).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
• B01D 69/12 - Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
• B01D 69/14 - Dynamic membranes
• B01D 71/02 - Inorganic material
• B01D 71/56 - Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
• B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion

Abstract

The invention relates to a computer-implemented machine-learning method for a multi-output prediction model (231) configured to jointly determine, on the basis of a set of spectral data characteristic of a sample, at least one primary prediction (251) of at least a first physical quantity characterising a given species in the sample and at least one secondary prediction (252) of at least a second physical quantity characterising this species, the multi-output prediction model being trained on the basis of a set of annotated spectral data (210).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06N 3/08 - Learning methods
• G06N 20/10 - Machine learning using kernel methods, e.g. support vector machines [SVM]
• G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited

Abstract

The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for synthesising spectral data, the method comprising the steps of: - acquiring (110), by means of spectroscopy, a set of spectral data each associating a spectrum with a sample having a specific chemical composition; - determining (130) a theoretical model of the distribution of the intensities of the spectrum for each wavelength channel of the spectrum; - generating (140) a set of synthetic spectral data (150) by generating, for each wavelength channel of the spectrum, an intensity chosen at random according to the probability distribution of the theoretical model.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
• G06N 3/08 - Learning methods

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuator (1) comprising: - a frame (20); - a screw (2)/nut (4) assembly comprising a nut (4) which engages with a screw (2) extending along a longitudinal axis (Ox); - a motor (3) arranged to rotate the screw (2) and bring about a linear movement of the nut (4); the actuator (1) further comprising - a single pair of return mechanisms (10, 11) comprising a first return mechanism (10) and a second return mechanism (11) which are rotatably mounted on the frame (20), the first return mechanism (10) being connected to an output (80) of the actuator (1); - a first transmission member (6) for transmitting a pulling force connected to the nut (4) by its first end (6.1) and its second end (6.2), which transmission member engages with the first return mechanism (10) and the second return mechanism (11); - an anti-rotation device (40) for preventing the nut (4) from rotating relative to the screw (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• F16H 19/06 - Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion comprising an endless flexible member
• F16H 25/20 - Screw mechanisms

Abstract

X1(1-X1-Y1)Y1X2(1-X2-Y2)Y2Y2N doped according to a second type of conductivity, opposite to the first type of conductivity, where X2 > 0 and X2+Y2 ≤ 1, the emissive portion being arranged between the portion of the first type and the portion of the second type.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 33/32 - Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
• H01L 33/20 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
• H01L 33/18 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
• H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
• H01L 33/42 - Transparent materials
• H01L 33/08 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body

Abstract

heqmintmintint is less than or equal to 12.5x10-11heqheqheqheq and a predetermined calibration function f.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01L 11/00 - Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group or
• G01J 5/00 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
• G01K 13/02 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
• G01L 27/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure

Abstract

A photoacoustic detecting device (1) for measuring a parameter of interest in a medium (M) comprising: - a housing (7) formed by a baseplate (72) and a cover, - a light source (2), configured to emit a light signal, - a photoacoustic cell (9) comprising a hollow contact surface (91) intended to be in contact with the medium (M), where the light signal is able to propagate in the photoacoustic cell (9) and pass through the hollow contact surface (91) to reach the medium (M), - a guiding element (8), configured to direct the light signal toward the photoacoustic cell (9), - a transducer (3) assembled to the photoacoustic cell (9) and configured to detect a generated signal, where the generated signal is generated in the photoacoustic cell (9) by a photothermic effect in the medium (M) in response to an irradiation of the medium (M) by the light signal, - A maintaining element configured to assemble the light source (2), the transducer (3), the photoacoustic cell (9) and said guiding element (8) in a single building block, - said single building block is provided in the housing (7) such that the hollow contact surface (91) of the photoacoustic cell (9) emerges out of an aperture (721) of the baseplate (72), wherein - the single building block is freely received in the housing (7), and in that - the detecting device (1) comprises elastic components (110, 120), configured to elastically deform under the effect of a movement of the single building block relatively to the housing (7)

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons
• A61B 5/01 - Measuring temperature of body parts

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring velocity, or a distribution of velocities, comprising: - at least one first laser radiation source (2), which emits a laser beam of a wavelength between 3 and 14 µm; - at least one optical fibre (8) for directing the radiation produced by the first radiation source from a first end of the fibre to a second end thereof; - detection means (10) for detecting an interference signal between a beam (40) emitted by a laser source (2) and a beam reflected by a sample; - processing means (20) suitable for processing the interference signal and calculating a propagation velocity, or a distribution of velocities, of an object from which the incident or diffused beam has been reflected.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
• G01S 7/4865 - Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
• G01S 17/32 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
• G01S 17/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• G01S 17/88 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) comprising: - a component (20) configured to contain or circulate a solution, the component (20) having a wall (21) made of steel or a nickel-based alloy comprising chromium, - a solution (30), in contact with the wall (21), comprising a mixture of molten chloride salts, the solution also comprising Ti2+ions and Ti3+ions, the Ti3+/Ti2+ ratio being between 20/80 and 70/30.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23F 11/18 - Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
• C23F 13/00 - Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
• F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
• F24S 80/20 - Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
• G21C 1/03 - Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator cooled by a coolant not essentially pressurised, e.g. pool-type reactors
• G21C 3/54 - Fused salt, oxide, or hydroxide compositions
• G21C 17/022 - Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator for monitoring liquid coolants or moderators
• G01N 27/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
• G01N 17/02 - Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
• G01N 27/30 - Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
• G01N 27/416 - Systems
• C23F 15/00 - Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
• C25C 3/28 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
• C09K 5/02 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
• C09K 5/12 - Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a photovoltaic device, the method comprising the steps of: A) providing a silicon wafer (40) that has one or more at least partially fabricated solar cells (C1, C2), the wafer having an "upper" face (41a) and a "lower" face (41b) opposite the upper face, the upper and lower faces following a "(100)" crystal orientation, lateral edges (41c, 41e) between the upper face and the lower face and following a "(110)" crystal orientation; B) producing, on the upper face (41a) of the wafer (40): a plurality of grooves (115), the grooves (115) being distributed along a given axis (Δ), which extends parallel to first lateral edges (41c, 41d) opposite the wafer (40), and extending mainly respectively between second lateral edges (41f, 41d) opposite and orthogonal to the first lateral edges, or a single groove (215), which extends between the second lateral edges (41f, 41d), the single groove (215) advantageously connecting the second lateral edges (41f, 41d).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/0224 - Electrodes
• H01L 21/78 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
• H01L 31/068 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a method for diagnosing a cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome, the method comprising the steps of a) measuring an amount of at least one protein selected from BDNF, KIF1 A, MeCP2, PLCB1, and a combination thereof, in an isolated biological sample, and b) comparing the measured amount obtained at step a) with a predetermined reference amount of said protein, where a difference between the measured amount and the predetermined reference amount is indicative of a cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome in said individual. The disclosure also relates to at least one protein selected from BDNF, KIF1A, MeCP2, PLCB1, and a combination thereof, as a biomarker for use in a method for diagnosing a cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/70 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving creatine or creatinine
• G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system (1) for characterising chiral molecules comprising: - an interaction zone (13) arranged to receive a sample of chiral molecules; - a laser source (10) arranged to emit pulsed laser radiation (14), the laser radiation being suitable for interacting with the molecules in the interaction zone (13); - a polarisation modulator (16) arranged to elliptically polarise the laser radiation (14); - an optical cavity (19) configured to redirect the pulsed laser radiation into the interaction zone several times; - detection means (17a, 17b) arranged to measure a chiroptical signal produced by the interaction between the molecules and the laser radiation; and - determination means arranged and/or programmed to determine at least the chirality of the molecules from the detected chiroptical signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/21 - Polarisation-affecting properties
• G01N 21/03 - Cuvette constructions

Abstract

The invention essentially relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger module having at least two fluid circuits intended to provide the module with an overall curved shape with at least one longitudinal and/or transverse radius of curvature relative to the flow of the fluids.

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• F28F 7/02 - Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media

Abstract

The invention consists essentially in a method for retrofitting a nuclear power plant which consists in dismantling and removing all the components of the primary circuit apart from the LWR reactor vessel, which is essentially emptied of all material and neutralised, subsequently replacing a part of these components with subassemblies that are each made up of an integrated SMR reactor and a mixed concrete/metal structure, which mixed concrete/metal structure is also used as a reactor pit for the SMR reactor, which reactor pit is advantageously filled with water, anchoring the SMR to the inside of the reactor building and advantageously contributing to the third confinement barrier while ensuring minimal disruption to the infrastructure of the reactor building.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21D 1/00 - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT - Details of nuclear power plant
• G21D 5/00 - Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy

Abstract

222 bearing a metal and/or a metal oxide.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene
• B01J 23/72 - Copper
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/34 - Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell element (2, 3), the element (2, 3) comprising a substrate (4) configured to generate electrons upon receipt of light radiation, the substrate (4) comprising a main surface (5), a secondary surface (6) and a cut (7) in the main surface (5) for forming an inner contour delimiting a part (8) to be hollowed out and a part (9) to be preserved, the system comprising a first piece (10) provided with a first hole (13), a second piece provided with a second hole (14), the first and second pieces being configured to co-operate such that the element (2, 3) is in contact with the first and second pieces (10, 11), and a stamper (12) capable of being inserted into at least one hole so as to be brought into contact with the part (8) to be hollowed out in order to separate it from the part (9) to be preserved.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
• H01L 31/0352 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
• H01L 21/78 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
• H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
• G06F 15/02 - Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general manually operated with input through keyboard and computation using a built-in program, e.g. pocket calculators

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for capturing a biological object (O), which device comprises a first fluid circuit (C1) having: - a first fluid inlet (A1) and a second fluid inlet (A2), - a main channel extending between the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet comprising a first branch (B1) into which the first fluid inlet (A1) opens, a central branch (B3) forming an extension of the first branch via a first junction branch (B2) and a second branch (B5) forming an extension of the central branch via a second junction branch (B4) and opening out at the second fluid inlet (A2), - a first hydrodynamic trap (PH1) and a second hydrodynamic trap (PH2), - each hydrodynamic trap being made in the form of a bypass branch relative to the main channel and having a housing (L1, L2) designed to accommodate the biological object (O) and a restriction (R1, R2) forming an extension of the housing.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 3/06 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus with filtration, ultrafiltration, inverse osmosis or dialysis means
• B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for routing (600) a flow of data in a time-sensitive deterministic network, to route the packets of a flow of data from a transmitting terminal to a receiving terminal, the network comprising switches for the transmission of the packets, the switches being configured to implement predefined transmission planning over repeating time cycles having time slots of fixed length. The routing method of the invention utilises the latency of a path as a metric to calculate (604) the k shortest paths between a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal then, for each path, determines, for each switch located on this path, a tolerance interval (406) which defines the length of time for which the packets from a stream can wait at the switch before being transferred to the next switch without exceeding the deadline for arrival of each packet from the stream at its destination, in order to reserve free slots (408).

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 45/121 - Shortest path evaluation by minimising delays
• H04L 45/302 - Route determination based on requested QoS
• H04L 47/24 - Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
• H04L 47/283 - Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
• H04L 47/50 - Queue scheduling
• H04L 47/56 - Queue scheduling implementing delay-aware scheduling
• H04L 43/0852 - Delays
• H04L 43/106 - Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps

Abstract

The present description relates to a method for transferring a layer (15) from a source substrate (13) to a destination substrate (17), comprising the following steps: a) activating a bonding surface of said layer (15) and a bonding surface of the destination substrate (17), by ion etching said surfaces, or by spraying a bonding material onto said surfaces; and b) after step a), bringing the bonding surface of said layer (15) into contact with the bonding surface of the destination substrate (17), wherein, in step a), a masking ring (21) covers a peripheral portion of the bonding surface of said layer (15), and/or, a masking ring (23) covers a peripheral portion of the bonding surface of the destination substrate; and wherein steps a) and b) are carried out under vacuum and without vacuum breakage between the two steps.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/18 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
• H01L 21/20 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth
• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for co-manipulation of a part (1) by an operator (2) assisted by a robotic partner (3), comprising the steps of providing the robotic partner with a gripping member (4) mounted freely in rotation on at least one vertical axis (Z) or servo-controlled to simulate such freedom in rotation; causing a first end of the part to be grasped by the gripping member; then, when a second end of the part is grasped and moved by the operator, servo-controlling a position of the gripping member along a trajectory predetermined according to information on the angle of rotation of the gripping member about the vertical axis, resulting from an angular position impressed on the part by the operator.

IPC Classes  ?

• B25J 13/08 - Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
• B25J 9/16 - Programme controls

Abstract

The main subject matter of the invention is a flexible electrical conductor (70) comprising: an assembly (72) comprising a flexible conductive core (74) made of a first metal material and a sheath (79) covering the conductive core (74) and made of a second metal material having an electrical resistivity higher than the electrical resistivity of the first metal material; a first connection strip (78) formed at least in part by the second metal material and connected to a first end (72a) of the assembly (72), wherein, at the first end (72a) of the assembly (72), the sheath (79) and the first connection strip (78) are bonded by TIG welding, and the conductive core (74) and the first connection strip (78) are bonded by fillet-brazing or soldering.

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 9/00 - Arc welding or cutting
• B23K 9/167 - Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
• B23K 9/23 - Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
• B23K 9/235 - Preliminary treatment
• B32B 1/08 - Tubular products
• B32B 15/01 - Layered products essentially comprising metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• C25B 9/65 - Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
• H01M 8/0206 - Metals or alloys
• H01M 8/2465 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells - Details of groupings of fuel cells
• B23K 1/00 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
• B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
• B23K 101/38 - Conductors

Abstract

The present description relates to a method for transferring a layer (15) from a source substrate (13) to a destination substrate (17), comprising the following steps: a) arranging a masking disk on a central part of a bonding surface of said layer and/or of the destination substrate (17); b) carrying out ion etching so as to form a step (29, 30) opposite a peripheral portion, not covered by the masking disk, of the bonding surface of said layer and/or of the destination substrate; c) removing the masking disk; d) activating the bonding surface of said layer and the bonding surface of the destination substrate; and e) contacting the bonding surface of said layer with the bonding surface of the destination substrate (17).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/18 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
• H01L 21/20 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth
• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a cable cylinder comprising a body in which a a screw (2) is rotatably mounted so as to rotate about a longitudinal axis (X1) by being selectively driven by a motor (3), a nut (4) co-operating with the screw so as to move in the body due to the rotational movement of the screw, the cable cylinder comprising a pair of upstream pulleys (11a, 11b) and a pair of downstream pulleys (12a, 12b) arranged on either side of the nut such that, in at least one of the pairs, the pulleys are rotationally engaged to one another, and two cables (10a, 10b) each co-operating with one of the upstream cables and one of the downstream cables so as to define, for each cable, strands that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the screw and which are attached to the nut. According to the invention, one of the cables (10a) forms a loop between its upstream pulley (11a) and its downstream pulley (12a) while the other of the cables (10b) is extended beyond its downstream pulley (12b) in order to co-operate with a remote pulley (19; 25) that is rotatably mounted so as to rotate about a remote axis of rotation separate from the axis of rotation of the downstream pulley, the remote pulley forming a return to return the extended cable to the upstream pulley, the extended cable (10b) being prevented from sliding over at least the one out of its upstream or downstream pulley that is rotationally engaged.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16H 19/06 - Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion comprising an endless flexible member
• F16H 25/20 - Screw mechanisms

Abstract

The invention provides a resistive memory comprising: - a layer comprising a titanium-based material (11); - a second layer comprising a first phase-change material (12); and - a first electrode (13) and a second electrode (14) which are separated by the first and second layers (11, 12), the first layer (11) being in contact with the first electrode (13). The invention also relates to a method for initialising a resistive memory, the method comprising a step of using an electric current to fuse a portion of the titanium-based material and a portion of the first phase-change material of each second layer so as to form a second phase-change material (20) comprising titanium.

IPC Classes  ?

• G11C 13/00 - Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups , , or

Abstract

ii) in relation to said physical bodies; b) based on each of said distance measurements, determining a probability of occupancy by a physical body of a set of cells of an occupancy grid; and c) constructing a consolidated occupancy grid (GO) by carrying out Bayesian fusion on the probabilities of occupancy estimated in step b); characterized in that the detection region of the sensor has a variable angular width and in that the method also comprises the following steps: d) identifying, based on said occupancy grid, at least one region of interest (ROI) of the environment; and e) determining, based on the one or more regions of interest identified in step d), what is referred to as an acquisition sequence defining, for each distance measurement, at least the orientation (θ, φ) and the angular width (α) of the detection region of the sensor. The invention also relates to a system for implementing such a method.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01S 13/931 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
• G01S 17/931 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
• G06N 7/00 - Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models
• G06V 20/58 - Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
• G01S 7/48 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
• G01S 17/89 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
• G01S 17/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• G06N 7/01 - Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks

Abstract

XYXY) of the carrier; - a plate (10) extending perpendicular to the plane of movement, the plate being fixed relative to the chassis (5), the plate being connected to a carriage (20) that is arranged to accommodate the detector, the plate being arranged so that the carriage is translatably movable relative to the plate along an axis of translation (Z) perpendicular to the plane of movement, the height of the carriage relative to the plane of movement being continuously adjustable; - the carriage being rotatably movable relative to the plate on an axis of rotation (Δ) parallel to the plane of movement.

IPC Classes  ?

• G21D 1/00 - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT - Details of nuclear power plant
• G01T 1/169 - Exploration, location of contaminated surface areas
• G01T 7/00 - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION - Details of radiation-measuring instruments
• B60P 3/00 - Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
• B62B 3/02 - Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor involving parts being adjustable, collapsible, attachable, detachable, or convertible
• B62B 3/10 - Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by supports specially adapted to objects of definite shape
• B66F 9/06 - Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks

Abstract

The invention relates to a piezoelectric device comprising a stack that comprises organic piezoelectric layers (400), first electrodes (100) and second electrodes (200), each organic piezoelectric layer (400) being arranged between a first electrode (100) and a second electrode (200), the piezoelectric device further comprising vias (510, 520) for electrically connecting, on the one hand, the first electrodes (200) and, on the other hand, the second electrodes (200), which vias are made in the organic piezoelectric layers (400) and pass all the way through the stack, the vias (510, 520) being disk-, stadium- or oval-shaped having re-entrant angles (α) greater than 315°.

IPC Classes  ?

• H10N 30/00 - Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
• H10N 30/857 - Macromolecular compositions

Abstract

The main subject matter of the invention is a rigid electrical conductor (70) comprising: an assembly (72) comprising a rigid conductive rod (74) made of a first metal material and a sheath (76) covering the conductive rod (74) and made of a second metal material having an electrical resistivity higher than the electrical resistivity of the first metal material; a first connection strip (78) formed at least in part by the second metal material and connected to a first end (72a) of the assembly (72), wherein, at the first end (72a) of the assembly (72), the conductive rod (74), the sheath (76) and the first connection strip (78) are bonded together by TIG welding with the addition of a material made of the second metal material.

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 9/00 - Arc welding or cutting
• B23K 9/167 - Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
• B23K 9/23 - Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
• B23K 9/235 - Preliminary treatment
• B32B 1/08 - Tubular products
• B32B 15/01 - Layered products essentially comprising metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• C25B 9/65 - Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
• H01M 8/0206 - Metals or alloys
• H01M 8/2465 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells - Details of groupings of fuel cells
• B23K 101/38 - Conductors

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for chemically modifying a polymer part comprising at least one polymer that comprises, as reactive groups, amide groups –NH-CO- and/or hydroxyl groups –OH, the method comprising a step of covalently reacting all or some of these reactive groups with a flame-retardant compound from the phosphoric anhydride family by bringing the part into contact with the flame-retardant compound in the presence of at least one supercritical fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 7/06 - Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
• C08J 7/12 - Chemical modification
• C08L 77/02 - Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
• C09K 21/14 - Macromolecular materials

Abstract

12344)+1234522)-53323222P(O)O]-. The invention also relates to the use of a composition (C) for the production of a hydrogen tank, in particular a type II, III, IV or V tank operating under pressure and comprising a composite material, for the on-board storage of hydrogen gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 59/40 - Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups characterised by the curing agents used
• C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
• C08K 5/50 - Phosphorus bound to carbon only
• F17C 1/16 - Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-dimensional beam scanning antenna comprising: a folded parallel-plate waveguide (240) that emits a quasi-planar wave in a first direction (Ox); a linear array of stubs (230) extending in a second direction (Oy) perpendicular to the first; a first and a second phase-shifting surface which comprise elementary phase-shifting cells (221) and elementary phase-shifting bands (221), respectively, each band being associated with a stub; and a first and a second set of control lines, controlling the phase shifts of the elementary phase-shifting cells and bands, respectively, so as to control the orientation of the beam in a plane orthogonal to the first and the second direction, respectively. The first phase-shifting surface is a reflective phase-shifting surface, which receives the planar wave propagating in the first direction and reflects it in the opposite direction after phase-shifting.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 1/185 - Phase-shifters using a diode or a gas filled discharge tube
• H01Q 3/36 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the phase by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
• H01Q 13/20 - Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
• H01Q 13/28 - Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
• H01Q 21/00 - Antenna arrays or systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for electrochemically activating a material comprising hydronium ion-conducting amyloid fibres and glycosylated proteins, the method comprising at least one step that consists in placing at least part of said material in contact with a water vapour, electrolysing at least part of the water vapour which is in contact with said material, and obtaining an activated material. The invention also relates to an activated material obtained in this way and to the use thereof for generating electrical energy.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
• H01M 14/00 - Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups ; Manufacture thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of hydronium ion-conducting amyloid fibers or of wires comprising a plurality of hydronium ion-conducting amyloid fibers for generating electrical energy from a humid surrounding atmosphere. The invention also relates to a device comprising such fibers or wires.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 14/00 - Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups ; Manufacture thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for measuring the activity of a radioactive liquid (2), the device comprising: - a detection module (10) extending around a measurement chamber (3) which is intended to contain the liquid, the detection module being configured to detect ionising radiation and to transmit a detection signal; - a processing unit (40) connected to the detection module and programmed to estimate the activity of the radioactive liquid on the basis of the detection signal; the device being characterised in that the detection module comprises:  a solid-state scintillation detector (11) extending around the measurement chamber;  at least two photodetectors (15) optically coupled to the scintillation detector; the device comprises a capillary (3) extending around a longitudinal axis (Δ), the capillary being arranged so as to be in a measurement position, the capillary forming the measurement chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/167 - Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
• G01T 1/202 - Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing an optical device equipped with a nano-structured or micro-structured component (21) joined to one end of an optical fibre (30), the process comprising steps of: - providing a carrier (10) based on a photosensitive material (12) that is convertible into a vitreous material, and producing on one end (10A) of said carrier, by two-photon photopolymerization, a micro-structured or nano-structured component (21) based on a photosensitive material (22) that is convertible into a vitreous material; - carrying out one or more heat treatments so as to convert the material (12) of said carrier and the material (22) of said micro- or nano-structured component into vitreous material; subsequently, - joining and securing a region of a second end (10B) of said carrier (10), which end is opposite said first end (10A), to a zone of an end of the optical fibre (30), through localized fusion of said region and of said zone, of said carrier and of said optical fibre (30), respectively.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/26 - Optical coupling means
• G02B 1/00 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for forming a layer based on a dielectric material on a layer based on an etched III-V material, the process comprising at least the following steps: - providing at least one layer based on an III-V and preferably III-N material, this layer being referred to as the III-V layer (100) and having a front side (101), - etching at least one portion of the III-V layer (100) from the front side (101) so as to expose a surface of the III-V layer, this surface being referred to as the etched surface (103), - exposing at least the etched surface (103) to an O2 or N2 plasma treatment, this step being carried out at a temperature Ttreatment with Ttreatment<100°C, - depositing a layer based on a dielectric material, this layer being referred to as the dielectric layer (200), at least on the etched surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
• H01L 21/306 - Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
• H01L 29/20 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
• H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for evaluating the on-state dynamic resistance of a GaN-based transistor (105), comprising a test circuit equipped with a circuit, said GaN-based transistor (105) forming one arm of said circuit, the device being equipped with a control stage for controlling switch elements (Q1, Q2, Q3) of said circuit so as to alternately put said switch elements (Q1, Q2, Q3) of said circuit into a first configuration and then into a second configuration, the control stage being configured to trigger connection of a drain-source voltage measuring stage (120) to said GaN-based transistor (105) after the circuit has been put into the first configuration, and to trigger disconnection of the drain-source voltage measuring stage (120) from said GaN-based transistor (105) prior to the circuit being put into the second configuration.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/26 - Testing of individual semiconductor devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (60) for detecting one or more anomalies in a structure, comprising: a learning phase (62) comprising the following steps: - obtaining (64) healthy data respectively associated with N distinct sets of use conditions of said structure; - projecting (66) the healthy data into a latent space with a dimension smaller than the dimension of said healthy data; - determining (68) the outline of said set of healthy data projected into said latent space; and an operational phase (70) comprising the following steps: - obtaining (74), through a preliminary measurement (72), test data representative of the current state of said structure; - projecting (76) said test data into said latent space; - detecting (78) at least one current anomaly in said structure as soon as a test data element is outside said outline.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/04 - Analysing solids
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal

Abstract

Ultrasound-based wireless battery-free implantable sensors comprising a solution-gated field-effect transistor This disclosure relates to wireless battery-free implantable sensors for biomedical applications. Ultrasound-based wireless communication is proposed as an alternative to electromagnetic communication. The implantable sensor comprises a piezoelectric element and a variable impedance load whose value is a function of a physiological parameter of interest. The load is a solution-gated field-effect transistor (SG-FET), preferably a transistor with a graphene channel. The load is connected to the piezoelectric element for wireless communication with an external device. Experiments show that an ultrasound echo signal can be modulated by the gate voltage of the transistor and that the modulated signal can be transmitted through a propagation medium such a biological tissue.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons

Abstract

The present description relates to a switched-mode power supply system comprising at least one pair of dual-bridge converters (DAB1, DAB2), wherein: first switching H-bridges of the converters are connected, in parallel or in series, to two terminals (12, 14) for applying a first voltage (Vin), second switching H-bridges of the converters being connected, in parallel or in series, to two terminals (16, 18) for supplying a second voltage (Vout), and the switches of the converters (DAB1; DAB2) are controlled in opposition from one converter to another.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 3/22 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
• H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
• H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
• H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
• H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters

Abstract

The invention relates to a scintillator material and to a method for producing a scintillator material (3) comprising carbon quantum dots with a graphitic core and dispersed in a matrix, said material comprising aromatic units capable of emitting UV radiation in response to irradiation, in particular of the beta type, said UV radiation causing luminescence of the carbon dots and the emission by same of radiation in the visible domain.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/00 - Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
• G21K 4/00 - Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of particles or ionising radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
• H01L 27/146 - Imager structures
• C01B 32/15 - Nanosized carbon materials
• C09K 11/65 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing carbon

Abstract

The present invention relates to new glycomimetic molecules which selectively bind to the L-SIGN receptor, finding application in the medical field and, in particular, in the prevention and treatment of viral infections, in the immunotherapy of liver tumors and in the treatment of immune diseases.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07H 19/056 - Triazole or tetrazole radicals
• A61P 31/12 - Antivirals
• A61K 31/7056 - Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing five-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (DREC2) for receiving radio frequency signals for a magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy system comprising an intracardiac receiving resonant loop (B_REC) and a switch (INT) capable of being alternately in an open state such that the frequency of the receiving antenna (B_REC) is tuned to an operating frequency of the magnetic resonance imaging system, and in a closed state such that the frequency of the receiving resonant loop is detuned, the receiving device comprising a first transmission line (LTR) having a conductor with a distal end electrically connected to the receiving resonant loop (B_REC) and a proximal end electrically connected to the switch (INT) such that the switch is intended to be located outside the human body when the receiving resonant loop (B_REC) is located inside a patient's heart.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 33/34 - Constructional details, e.g. resonators
• G01R 33/36 - Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver

Abstract

The invention is a method for determining a depth at which a gamma-emitting radionuclide lies in a solid medium, the latter possibly being concrete or earth. The method is based on a measurement of a spectrum of the gamma radiation emitted by the radionuclide and emanating from a surface bounding the solid medium. Two energy bands are selected in the spectrum. On the basis of spectral values in each energy band, a calibration function allowing the depth to be estimated may be applied. The calibration function is established beforehand based on spectral models.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01T 1/16 - Measuring radiation intensity
• G01T 1/36 - Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation
• G01T 1/169 - Exploration, location of contaminated surface areas

Abstract

The invention primarily relates to a photovoltaic module (1) obtained from a stack comprising: a first front layer (2); a plurality of photovoltaic cells (4); an encapsulating assembly (3) obtained by joining a front layer (3a) and a rear layer (3b) of an encapsulating material; a second rear layer (5). The first layer (2) comprises: a front layer (2a) made of a polymer material; a front assembly (2b, 2c) comprising an interface front layer (2b) and a glass front layer (2c), with a thickness less than or equal to 2 mm, said front assembly (2b, 2c) being located between the polymer front layer (2a) and the encapsulating assembly (3), and the interface front layer (2b) being located between the polymer front layer (2a) and the glass front layer (2c). The front layer (3a) and the rear layer (3b) of an encapsulating material have a Young's modulus at 25°C of strictly less than 50 MPa and of strictly greater than 150 MPa, respectively.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/048 - Encapsulation of modules
• H01L 31/049 - Protective back sheets
• H02S 30/10 - Frame structures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for irrigating a porous substrate, comprising the steps of: preparing a foam consisting of a dispersion of air bubbles in a foaming aqueous solution, said foam comprising a liquid fraction of less than or equal to 15% by volume; spreading, over the surface of the porous substrate, a layer of the foam thus prepared, the thickness of the layer being greater than 5 cm; then maintaining the assembly long enough for at least a part of the liquid contained in the foam to infiltrate the porous substrate. The present invention further relates to the use of this method to recover an element of interest contained in a porous substrate and a particular aqueous foam.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 3/00 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes