An electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device includes an electrode active material and a crosslinked binder. The crosslinked binder includes a polyelectrolyte composed of monomer units, wherein at least a portion of the monomer units has at least one carboxyl group per unit, and a crosslinking agent, wherein the polyelectrolyte is crosslinked by the crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is selected from a polyphosphate and a combination of ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA) with sodium ions. The electrode active material is held together by the crosslinked binder. Further provided are methods for forming the electrode, electrode slurries comprising the crosslinked binder, and electrochemical energy storage devices that employ the electrode as an anode, a cathode, or both.
A method includes plugging a plug into a socket, wherein the plugging includes pushing the plug into the socket at least up to a point that a latch clicks into the plug and locks the plug in place. Pressing down on a lever that rotates around an axis causes the lever to be pushed down. This results in the latch moving away from the plug and unlocking the plug from the socket, to thereby allow the plug to be separated from the socket.
A capacitor manufacturing method described herein includes a process for the isolation of edges of electrode foils in an electrolytic capacitor after slitting the electrode foils from a mother foil. For example, a coating process may be incorporated into the capacitor manufacturing so that the edges of the electrode foils may undergo isolation with a deposition of a layer of epoxy or resin. A manufacturing machine that incorporates a resin coating process may be positioned in the manufacturing line, such that the edges of the slit electrode foils undergo a deposition of a coating of an electrical isolator, such as a polymer, an epoxy, a resin, a ceramic, and/or an oxide layer. As another example, a combined foil with interleaving conducting bands and isolating strips may also be used to form the electrode foils with isolated edges.
A method to control storage into and depletion from multiple energy storage devices. The method enables an operative connection between the energy storage devices and respective power converters. The energy storage devices are connectible across respective first terminals of the power converters. At the second terminals of the power converter, a common reference is set which may be a current reference or a voltage reference. An energy storage fraction is determined respectively for the energy storage devices. A voltage conversion ratio is maintained individually based on the energy storage fraction. The energy storage devices are stored individually with multiple variable rates of energy storage through the first terminals. The energy storage is complete for the energy storage devices substantially at a common end time responsive to the common reference.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02M 3/10 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02M 3/10 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
An apparatus having a conducting probe configured to couple with an electrical conductor of an electrical terminal. The apparatus has a sensor in contact with the conducting probe. The apparatus has a controller electrically coupled to the sensor, where the controller is configured to monitor the sensor values, and when the sensor values comply with a monitoring rule associated with a hazardous condition, the controller is configured to initiate an action to mitigate the hazardous condition.
A power device includes one or more electrical components, the electrical components including one or more physical attribute. The power device includes one or more sensors configured to monitor the attribute(s). The power device includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including one or more alerting rule. The power device includes one or more processors configured for retrieving the one or more alerting rule from the storage medium. The processors are configured for monitoring one or more sensor value from the sensor(s), wherein the sensor values are associated with the attribute(s). The processors are configured for evaluating the at least one alerting rule during the monitoring, and when the one or more alerting rule results in a pending failure condition, sending a notification to a user.
G06F 1/30 - Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
H02H 3/24 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02H 11/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion. The power conversion may be done by a plurality of power devices with different configurations. For example, the plurality of power devices may include one or more converters with an upside-up buck configuration and one or more converters with an upside-down buck configuration. The power conversion may be done by one or more power devices that may be configurable between different modes of configuration. For example, one or more power converters may be configured in either an upside-up buck configuration mode or an upside-down buck configuration mode. The selection of a certain mode of configuration of the converter may be permanent or non-permanent.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
10.
Cooling Mechanism for Multi-Compartment Power Device
Inverters for direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) conversion may comprise switching elements which produce harmonic overtones. Inductive elements may be added into the inverters, such as to attenuate effects of harmonic overtones. Methods and systems for a casing suitable for reduced potting over its inductive elements is described. One or more heat dispersing elements may be disposed in the casing. Related systems and methods are also described.
Various implementations described herein are directed to methods for connecting power devices prior to deployment in a photovoltaic installation, for cost savings and easy deployment. Some embodiments disclosed herein include manufacturing a chain of power devices already coupled by conductors, and providing a mechanical assembly for convenient storage and deployment.
H02J 1/12 - Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
H01R 4/00 - Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
H01R 25/00 - Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
12.
System and Method For Interconnected Elements of a Power System
A power system and a power method for a power system that includes a first power source operatively connected to an input of a first power device. The power system also includes a switch unit having a first input operatively connected to the output of the first power device. The power system further includes a second power source operatively connected to a second input of a second power device. A second output of the second power device connects to a second input of the switch unit, wherein a third output of the switch unit provides an output parameter responsive to at least one of the output of the first power device and the second output of the second power device.
H02J 3/06 - Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02M 5/02 - Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
H02M 7/42 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
An apparatus for harvesting energy, such as solar, wind, wave, thermal, and the like, including a solar panel and a duct supporting the solar panel at an operational angle. The duct comprises a bottom shroud and side shrouds, therein forming a large aperture, a small aperture, and an oblique frustum shaped cavity. The oblique frustum shaped cavity is configured to direct a flow of fluid from the large aperture to the small aperture. A flow energy generator, such as a turbine, located at the small aperture is configured to collect flow energy. Temperature differences between the solar panel and the environment may be used to harvest thermal energy with a thermoelectric generator. Fluid flow under the solar panel may decrease the panel temperature and increase the efficiency. Generators may be operated in reverse to lower the solar panel temperature and increase efficiency.
H02S 10/10 - PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
F03B 13/14 - Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
F03D 9/25 - Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
H02S 20/10 - Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
A device, system, and method is disclosed for improving safety of a power system. For example, a differential current may be detected using at least one sensor by temporarily enabling sampling of current flowing through one or more conductors. Additionally, current flow may be temporarily altered in order to sample current in a system. The measurements may be handled locally and/or remotely and appropriate actions may be taken to enhance the overall safety of the system.
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
A photovoltaic (PV) system can include a plurality of PV modules and circuitry configured to receive an indication of a status of the PV system and to, in response to the indication, determine whether to switch between a first state in which the PV modules output DC power and a second state in which the PV modules do not output power.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
Systems methods and apparatuses are disclosed herein for disconnecting MC4 connectors via a tool. The tool may comprise a holding portion and two arms. The two arms may be configured to align the tool for MC4 disconnection. The two arms may further be configured to squeeze anchoring tabs of connected MC4 connectors. Further, the two arms may be configured to extract and/or separate the connected MC4 connectors while holding the anchoring tabs in the squeezed position.
H01R 43/26 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for engaging or disengaging the two parts of a coupling device
A grid interface device may be coupled between power source terminals and grid terminals. The grid interface device may be configured to continuously monitor power provided by the power source and selectively connect the power source to the grid and enable power provision to the grid if the power provided is in compliance with grid requirements. The grid interface device may command the power source to adjust a characteristic of the power output in order to comply with grid requirements, and in some cases may take independent corrective action in order to provide grid-compliant power.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
B60L 53/66 - Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
B60L 55/00 - Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
H02J 3/12 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
18.
Theft Detection and Prevention in a Power Generation System
A system for generation of electrical power including an inverter connected to a photovoltaic source including a theft prevention and detection feature. A first memory is permanently attached to the photovoltaic source. The first memory is configured to store a first code. A second memory is attached to the inverter. The second memory configured to store a second code. During manufacture or installation of the system, the first code is stored in the first memory attached to the photovoltaic source. The second code based on the first code is stored in the second memory. Prior to operation of the inverter, the first code is compared to the second code and based on the comparison; the generation of the electrical power is enabled or disabled.
G01R 17/02 - Arrangements in which the value to be measured is automatically compared with a reference value
G01R 27/26 - Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants
G08B 13/14 - Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to configurations of mixed photovoltaic cell arrays and mixed photovoltaic modules having substrings of monofacial photovoltaic cells and bifacial photovoltaic cells. Further aspects relate to mixed photovoltaic cell arrays and mixed photovoltaic modules having substrings of differently sized and/or cut photovoltaic cells. Substrings of electrically serially connected photovoltaic cells may be connected to one another in parallel or series-parallel. Mixed photovoltaic cell arrays may be disposed upon mixed photovoltaic module backsheets having various regions of varying levels of transparency.
H01L 31/05 - Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
H01L 31/056 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a transformer supporting two or more sets of windings electrically connected to different voltage levels. Use of stress control materials or composite materials (comprising a matrix and filler) may direct electrical fields caused by the different voltage levels to have a lowered electrical field amplitude.
A vehicle traction device having at least one energy storage component; at least one traction component; at least one acceleration sensor including a pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a gyroscopic sensor, an accelerometer, and/or a piezoelectric sensor; and at least one deceleration sensor including a pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a gyroscopic sensor, an accelerometer, and/or a piezoelectric sensor. The at least one acceleration/deceleration sensor is responsive to an operator input, and when the operator input is applied to the at least one acceleration/deceleration sensor, the energy traction device is signaled to transfer energy from the at least one energy storage component to the forward propulsion of the vehicle, or vice versa, using the at least one traction component. The vehicle traction device may be incorporated into, for example, a wheel, a motor, and/or a transmission.
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performance; Adaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60L 50/00 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
B60K 1/00 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
A multi-level inverter having at least two banks, each bank containing a plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors. A processor configured to switch the plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors in each bank to switch at multiple times during each cycle.
A power conversion system includes a first converter configured to convert an input voltage into discrete voltage levels, and provide each discrete voltage level at a corresponding output terminal. The power conversion system further includes a second converter configured to convert the voltages into modulated voltages. The power conversion system further includes a selection unit configured to alternatively output each of the modulated voltages across a pair of output terminals.
H02M 1/10 - Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
H02M 7/64 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
24.
Pairing of Components in a Direct Current Distributed Power Generation System
A method of signaling between a photovoltaic module and an inverter module. The inverter module is connected to the photovoltaic module. In an initial mode of operation an initial code is modulated thereby producing an initial signal. The initial signal is transmitted from the inverter module to the photovoltaic module. The initial signal is received by the photovoltaic module. The operating mode is then changed to a normal mode of power conversion, and during the normal mode of operation a control signal is transmitted from the inverter to the photovoltaic module. A control code is demodulated and received from the control signal. The control code is compared with the initial code producing a comparison. The control command of the control signal is validated as a valid control command from the inverter module with the control command only acted upon when the comparison is a positive comparison.
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems and methods for managing a plurality of loads connected to a plurality of power sources using a switching apparatus. Apparatuses described herein may include multi-throw switches designed for fast and efficient switching of loads. Methods described herein may include selecting one or more loads from a group of loads to connect to one or more alternative power sources, and selecting one or more loads to connect to a main (e.g. utility) electrical grid.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
A power line communication device including a current path provided between a first terminal and a second terminal. A coupling circuit connected between the first and second terminals includes a first circuit of a first inductor connected in parallel with a first capacitor and a first resistor. A sensor is configured to sense a communication parameter of the coupling circuit. The communication parameter may be a resonance of the first circuit, the quality (Q) factor of the resonance, the bandwidth (BW) of the coupling circuit, the resistance of the first resistor, or the impedance of the first circuit. A transceiver is adapted to couple to the first and second terminal to transmit a signal onto the current path or receive a signal from the current path responsive to the parameter of the coupling circuit and a level of current in the current path sensed by the sensor.
An apparatus comprising an input stage comprising a first input, a second input, a first AC coupler, and a second AC coupler. The first AC coupler is coupled between the first input and a third input. The second AC coupler is coupled between the second input and a fourth input. A comparator coupled to the third input, the fourth input, and an output. The comparator provides an output signal at the output based on a comparison between a level of a first voltage at the third input, and a level of a second voltage at the fourth input. A feedback circuit, coupled to the output, the third input, and the fourth input. The feedback circuit receives the output signal, and provides, based on the output signal, a first feedback voltage to the third input.
H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
Methods for deploying connected power devices and systems of connected power devices prior to deployment in a photovoltaic installation are described. For example, a string of power devices pre-coupled by conductors is disclosed, which saves cost, provides convenient storage, reduces electromagnetic interference, and is easy to deploy.
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H01B 9/02 - Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 1/12 - Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
29.
Apparatus for Selectively Sharing the Power of a Multidrive Unit Vehicle
An apparatus for selectively sharing, towards separate users, the power of a multi-drive unit vehicle, includes a mechanical transmission, that connects propulsion units of the vehicle to at least one primary drive unit; a secondary power unit for service units, which is operatively positioned between the mechanical transmission and at least one service unit of the vehicle; as well as at least one of either a first or a second joint, that are mounted on the mechanical transmission on either side of the secondary power unit for service units and are switchable by operating suitable control means.
B60K 6/26 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
B60K 6/387 - Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
B60K 6/40 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
30.
Systems and Methods for Climate Control During Insufficient Supply of Power
Various implementations described herein are related to determining climate settings of a climate controlled area during a duration of insufficient supply of power. Each of one or more power units may be configured to provide power to the climate controlled area. The climate setting of a survival operating mode of a climate control system of at least part of the climate controlled area may be determined, for example, based on the duration of insufficient supply of power, the total available power, and/or one or more weather condition parameters.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a versatile UPS. The versatile UPS is operative to provide power to a load and to an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers (i.e., an electricity grid, or simply, “a grid”). The versatile UPS has a plurality of switches providing for a multiplicity of switching states. The output to the load, the grid, or both is dependent, at least in part, on the switching states. Related systems, methods and apparatus is also described.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
32.
Systems and Methods to Increase the Reliability and the Service Life Time of Photovoltaic (PV) Modul
An apparatus may determine a parameter related to a voltage value at a midpoint terminal of a system power device, and may adjust a voltage applied to a second terminal of the system power device based on the parameter and a reference value. The second terminal may be different from the midpoint terminal.
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods for operating stand-alone power systems. The systems may include power generators (e.g., photovoltaic generators and/or wind turbines), storage devices (e.g., batteries and/or flywheels), power modules (e.g., power converters) and loads. The methods may include various methods for monitoring, determining, controlling and/or predicting system power generation, system power storage and system power consumption.
H02J 3/06 - Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
An apparatus of a junction box component housed in a junction box and designed to be coupled to a power generator. The junction box component may include one or more bypass mechanisms configured to bypass one or more substrings of the power generator in a case of malfunction or mismatch between the substring and the remainder of the power generators. The one or more bypass mechanisms may generate heat which may be transferred out of the junction box. The junction box component may be designed to conduct the heat towards the base of the junction box and/or the cover of the junction box. A heat dissipation mechanism may be mounted on the base and/or the cover. A bypass mechanism may bypass the entire power generator.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
H02G 3/16 - Distribution boxes; Connection or junction boxes structurally associated with support for line-connecting terminals within the box
35.
Apparatus and Method for Determining an Order of Power Devices in Power Generation Systems
Various implementations described herein are directed to determining an order of power devices connected in a serial string to a central power device. The physical order may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium.
A method may include: applying a first voltage on at least one first terminal of a first direct current (DC) bus electrically connected to a power source, obtaining at least one indication that discharge of a second voltage related to the first voltage should be performed, and discharging the second voltage by electrically connecting at least one second terminal of a second DC bus to a ground in response to the at least one indication. Another method may include: injecting a current at at least one terminal of a direct current (DC) bus that is electrically connected to a power source, simultaneous to injecting the current, measuring an insulation relative to ground, obtaining an electrical parameter related to the power source, and, in response to the electrical parameter, maintaining the current injected at the terminal of the DC bus without ceasing the measuring of the insulation relative to a ground.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods for efficient operation of a switch arrangement are described. Selectively operating one of a plurality of parallel-connected switches at different times along a period of a periodic waveform may allow for improved efficiency, uniform loss-spreading, and enhanced thermal design of an electronic circuit including use of power switches.
H02M 1/088 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
H03K 17/12 - Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
An apparatus may include a first switch leg connected between a first input terminal and a first output terminal, the first switch leg comprising serially connected switches. The apparatus may also include a second switch leg connected between a second input terminal and the first output terminal, the second switch leg comprising serially connected switches. The apparatus may further include a third switch leg connected between an input voltage midpoint and the first output terminal. A control circuit may control the first switch leg, the second switch leg and the third switch leg.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
Electrolytic capacitors may use a canister and a lid to confine an electrolyte and prevent the electrolyte from evaporating during use, and an improved seal between the canister and the lid may be achieved by increasing the surface area of the seal. For example, the surface area of the seal may be increased by changing the shape and/or thickness of the canister edge. For example, the surface area of the seal may be increased by changing the shape of an elastomer layer of the lid and/or adding an annular protuberance at the circumference of the lid. For example, the surface area of the seal may be changed by changing the process for forming the edge during the capacitor sealing.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion. In some examples, the power conversion may be done by an inverter configured to convert a direct current (DC) input to an alternating current (AC) output. The inverter may include a plurality of capacitors connected at the input of a DC/AC module. The system may include a housing configured to house the inverter. Voltage control circuitry may be configured to increase a voltage at the input of the DC/AC module inside the housing of the inverter.
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a power device in a power system. The power device may include a plurality of power stages, which may reduce the number of connectors needed for the power system. The plurality of power stages in the same power device may allow the power device to be configured with additional functionalities.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
An integrated power switch and a method of operating such a switch is disclosed. The integrated power switch may include a source, one or more first drains, and one or more second drains formed on a semi-conductive substrate. Channels may be formed between the source and the plurality of first and second drains. The integrated power switch may further include one or more gates coupled to the first and second channels. Capacitance may be formed by the spatial proximity of the first and second channels, and as a result, a loop inductance may be reduced.
H01L 25/07 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
43.
Distributed Power Harvesting Systems Using DC Power Sources
A method for maintaining reliability of a distributed power system including a power converter having input terminals and output terminals. Input power is received at the input terminals. The input power is converted to an output power at the output terminals. A temperature is measured in or in the environment of the power converter. The power conversion of the input power to the output power may be controlled to maximize the input power by setting at the input terminals the input voltage or the input current according to predetermined criteria. One of the predetermined criteria is configured to reduce the input power based on the temperature signal responsive to the temperature. The adjustment of input power reduces the input voltage and/or input current thereby lowering the temperature of the power converter.
G05F 5/00 - Systems for regulating electric variables by detecting deviations in the electric input to the system and thereby controlling a device within the system to obtain a regulated output
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for charge storage devices with a plurality of battery cells. The plurality of battery cells may be connected to each other in one or more battery stacks. The plurality of battery cells may be connected to one or more coils of a motor of an electric vehicle.
A junction box used for making electrical connections to a photovoltaic panel. The junction box has two chambers including a first chamber and a second chamber and a wall common to and separating both chambers. The wall may be adapted to have an electrical connection therethrough. The two lids are adapted to seal respectively the two chambers. The two lids are on opposite sides of the junction box relative to the photovoltaic panel. The two lids may be attachable using different sealing processes to a different level of hermeticity. The first chamber may be adapted to receive a circuit board for electrical power conversion. The junction box may include supports for mounting a printed circuit board in the first chamber. The second chamber is configured for electrical connection to the photovoltaic panel. A metal heat sink may be bonded inside the first chamber.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
H02G 15/10 - Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
G08B 13/14 - Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
H05K 5/02 - Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus - Details
A method for a power system is disclosed. The method includes receiving signals, activating switches to pass a current from a power source to an apparatus. The method also includes deactivating switches and bypassing the power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic power source. The signals may be power line communication (PLC) signals.
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for electronic equipment
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02S 10/00 - PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
H02M 7/06 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02J 1/08 - Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
47.
Method and Apparatus for Calibrating a Measurement Device
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for calibration of a current transformer. In some examples, one or more electrical elements may be affected in order to set a calibration of the current transformer. A calibration circuit of the current transformer may be permanently or non-permanently affected according to a calibration code in order to set the calibration of the current transformer. For example, one or more fuses may be burned to lock in a certain configuration of the current transformer.
G01R 35/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
G01R 15/18 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
A switching circuit may comprise first and second switch legs and a coupled inductor. The controller may operate the first and second switch legs to control a current flowing through the coupled inductor such that zero voltage switching (ZVS) may be applied to the first and second switch legs. The system may determine a switching event time of a switch in the first switch leg, and determine a switching node voltage rise event time of the first switch leg based on a voltage measured at a switching node of the first switch leg. The controller may drive one or more switches using PWM signals. For example, the controller may drive one or more switches based on determining, for a switching instance, a phase difference between a first PWM signal and a second PWM signal for generating a ripple current for ZVS.
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
49.
Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
A distributed power harvesting system including multiple direct current (DC) power sources with respective DC outputs adapted for interconnection into an interconnected DC power source output. A converter includes input terminals adapted for coupling to the interconnected DC power source output. A circuit loop sets the voltage and current at the input terminals of the converter according to predetermined criteria. A power conversion portion converts the power received at the input terminals to an output power at the output terminals. A power supplier is coupled to the output terminals. The power supplier includes a control part for maintaining the input to the power supplier at a predetermined value. The control part maintains the input voltage and/or input current to the power supplier at a predetermined value.
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H01R 13/514 - Bases; Cases formed as a modular block or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
50.
Arrangements of Substrings in Photovoltaic Modules
Aspects of the disclosure relate to static configurations and arrangement of substrings of photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays or PV modules to electrically parallelly connect substrings in PV cell arrays mitigating the partial shade and/or mismatch condition. Further aspects relate to PV modules comprising interleaved substrings. Additional aspects relate to incorporation of power electronics with PV modules and PV cell arrays.
An apparatus for a system power device utilized in an interconnected power system. The interconnected power system may include multiple system power devices connected to various inter connections of groups of direct currents (DC) from power sources which also may be connected in various series, parallel, series parallel and parallel series combinations for example. The apparatus may include a processor connected to a memory and a communication interface operatively attached to the processor. The communication interface may be adapted to connect to a mobile computing system of a user in close proximity to the system power devices. A graphical user interface (GUI) of the mobile computing system may allow various operational and re-configuration options for the interconnected power system which may include installation, maintenance and monitoring schedules in the interconnected power system when the user of the GUI is in close proximity to the system power devices.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G05F 5/00 - Systems for regulating electric variables by detecting deviations in the electric input to the system and thereby controlling a device within the system to obtain a regulated output
G01R 15/12 - Circuits for multi-testers, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will
G06F 3/04847 - Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials
A power system comprising one or more power generators and a combiner. The system may be electrically connected to or include one or more loads. The combiner may have input terminals that are coupled to outputs of the power generators. The combiner may also have output terminals that are coupled to input(s) of the one or more loads. The power generators may be configured to transfer harvested power to the combiner, and the combiner may be configured to transfer the harvested power to the one or more loads.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for clamping a heat generating device such as a thyristor in place. The use of spring washers in various configurations is described. A spring washing washer may be used to apply force to a pad which in turn applies the force to a plate above a heat generating device. The plate above the heat generating device may apply downward pressure, which may force the heat generating device against a lower surface. Related systems, apparatuses, and methods are also described.
H01L 23/40 - Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
H05K 3/10 - Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
A system for providing power from a direct current (DC) source and/or alternative current (AC) source to a battery is described. The system may include DC power source terminals configured to connect to a DC power source, AC power source terminals configured to connect to an AC power source, a DC-DC converter configured to charge a battery from the DC power source terminals, an AC-DC converter configured to charge the battery from the AC power source terminals, a first switch connected between the AC power source terminals and the AC-D C converter, a second switch connected between the DC power source terminals and the DC-DC converter, and a controller configured to connect the battery to the DC power source terminals based on an absence of the AC power source, and connect the battery to the AC power source terminals based on an availability of the AC power source.
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
Controlling a power converter circuit for a direct current (DC) power source is disclosed. The power converter may be operative to convert input power received from the DC power source to an output power and to perform maximum power point tracking of the power source. The power converter is adapted to provide the output power to a load that also performs maximum power point tracking.
An apparatus includes a first leg having a plurality of transistors connected in series between a first node and a second node. Each of the plurality of transistors includes a respective body diode. The apparatus further includes a second leg connected between the first node and the second node and in parallel to the series connection of the plurality of transistors of the first leg. The second leg includes a first transistor. The second leg has lower reverse recovery losses relative to the first leg.
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods for managing one or more loads connected to one or more power sources using one or more smart outlets. Apparatuses described herein may include smart outlets configured to communicate with one or more controllers and responsively connect and disconnect electrical loads connected thereto. Methods described herein may include signaling and/or controlling one or more loads from a group of loads to connect to or disconnect from one or more power sources.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
G05F 1/625 - Regulating voltage or current wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is ac or dc
A system and method for digital management and control of power conversion from battery cells. The system utilizes a power management and conversion module that uses a CPU to maintain a high power conversion efficiency over a wide range of loads and to manage charge and discharge operation of the battery cells. The power management and conversion module includes the CPU, a current sense unit, a charge/discharge unit, a DC-to-DC conversion unit, a battery protection unit, a fuel gauge and an internal DC regulation unit. Through intelligent power conversion and charge/discharge operations, a given battery type is given the ability to emulate other battery types by conversion of the output voltage of the battery and adaptation of the charging scheme to suit the battery.
A multi-level inverter having one or more banks, each bank containing a plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors. A processor configured to switch the plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors in each bank to switch at multiple times during each cycle.
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
A fully isolated drive circuit to be used for regulating an output voltage across a load. The isolated drive circuit may charge, discharge, or preserve the load charge using a controller that controls one or more switches. The controller may operate a switch according to an internal/external clock or an external control signal received by the controller. The isolated drive circuit may be an effective solution to simplify the drive design and decrease the amount of energy dissipated by the drive, especially when the load, associated with the drive, requires a high input voltage level.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H03K 17/691 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
H03K 17/13 - Modifications for switching at zero crossing
A power system may comprise a plurality of power sources, each connected to a corresponding power device. The power devices may be connected in series or in parallel. Each power device may comprise input terminals connected to the corresponding power source, output terminals, and a power circuit (e.g., a power converter) that may be configured to convert input power from the corresponding power source to output power. The power regulator may further comprise a regulator communications module that may be configured to receive a power regulation indication relating to regulating an operational characteristic of the power regulator. The regulator controller may be configured to instruct the power converter to increase or decrease the regulator operational characteristic based on the power regulation indication, and based on power production characteristics of the power regulator. The change the operational characteristics may be used to estimate reserved power of the system.
Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
H01H 85/04 - Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
H01H 33/02 - High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means - Details
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
G01K 11/06 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using melting, freezing, or softening
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
64.
Motor Vehicle with Simulator of Performance of a Mechanical Gearbox
A vehicle having a motor with a transmission, provided with a fixed gear ratio, to a propelling unit includes a virtual gearbox including a microprocessor, operatively interfaced with the motor and programmed to manage and check the generation of motor driving torque, limiting, at the motor output, a maximum angular velocity and a maximum torque which are variable with a predetermined law.
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performance; Adaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
65.
System and Methods for Controlling the Charging and Discharging of an Energy Storage Device
A system which may comprise an energy storage, a storage interface and a controller. The energy storage may have a fining energy capacity. The storage interface may be coupled to the energy storage and may be configured to charge or discharge the energy storage. The controller may be configured to determine a state-of-storage (SoS) of the energy storage. The controller may further be configured to control the storage interface to charge and discharge the energy storage based on the state-of-storage of the energy storage, and based on a time-variant state-of-storage upper threshold.
A capacitor manufacturing method is disclosed herein that includes a process for the isolation of electrode tabs attached to the capacitors' electrodes from other elements in the capacitor. An isolation patch or layer may be deposited over the tabs by a machine or a device after the tab is attached and before the electrodes are wound into a cylindrical internal element of a capacitor. The device may coat the tabs and surrounding regions with an isolating material. Electrode tabs may be provided with an isolating material pre-deposited at least in part over the tabs.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for discharging an input voltage by utilizing discharge circuitry configured to produce a relatively constant discharge voltage value/output voltage, a relatively constant discharge current value/output current, or a relatively constant discharge power value/output power. The discharge circuitry may include at least one power device, such as a DC to DC converter.
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
A driver for improving reliability of a switch in a power device, comprising one or more sensors configured to sense an operational parameter of a power device. The driver comprises a controller configured to receive one or more sensor values from the respective sensors. The controller is configured to adjust a driving pulse according to the sensor values. The controller is configured to apply the driving pulse to one or more control terminal of one or more switch of the power device.
A distributed power system wherein a plurality of power converters are connected in parallel and share the power conversion load according to a prescribed function, but each power converter autonomously determines its share of power conversion. Each power converter operates according to its own power conversion formula/function, such that overall the parallel-connected converters share the power conversion load in a predetermined manner.
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02S 40/22 - Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 3/04 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
70.
Magnetic Flux Cancellation for Power Line Communications
An apparatus comprising a signal transformer coupled to a power line and a signal transmission, reception, or detection circuit. A sensor is configured to be responsive to the power line current or magnetic flux generated in a ferrite core of the signal transformer. When the sensor indicates that the flux generated by the power line current mat cause an attenuation of the signal strength, a second circuit generates a current through a flux cancelling winding that cancels at least some of the flux generated by the power line current.
An electromechanical relay may comprise a housing and one or more terminal pairs. Each terminal pair may comprise a first terminal connected to a first contact, a second terminal connected to a second contact, a first armature connected to a first coil and coupled to the first contact, and/or a second armature connected to a second coil and coupled to the second contact. Supplying power to the first and the second coils may enable movements of the first and the second contacts by moving the first and the second armatures, thereby resulting in an electrical connection between the first and the second contacts. Removing the power may comprise the first contact to be isolated from the second contact. A central armature lock may be inserted through the housing and into the recesses of each of the first and second armatures, which may reduce movement of the armatures.
Various implementations are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.
H02H 3/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
H01H 85/04 - Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
H01H 33/02 - High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means - Details
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
G01K 11/06 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using melting, freezing, or softening
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
G08B 17/06 - Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
A power device includes one or more electrical components, the electrical components including one or more physical attribute. The power device includes one or more sensors configured to monitor the attribute(s). The power device includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including one or more alerting rule. The power device includes one or more processors configured for retrieving the one or more alerting rule from the storage medium. The processors are configured for monitoring one or more sensor value from the sensor(s), wherein the sensor values are associated with the attribute(s). The processors are configured for evaluating the at least one alerting rule during the monitoring, and when the one or more alerting rule results in a pending failure condition, sending a notification to a user.
G06F 1/30 - Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
H02H 3/24 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02H 11/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
A power system may comprise a power system controller and a power storage. The power system controller may comprise a first pair of power terminals, a second pair of power terminals, at least one switch, and a central controller coupled to the at least one switch. The power storage may comprise storage power terminals connected to the first pair of power terminals. The second pair of power terminals may be coupled to a power source. The power system controller may be configured to control the switch to connect and disconnect the second pair of power terminals. The power system controller may be configured to receive power from the power storage during a process of connecting and disconnecting the second pair of power terminals.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
75.
Monitoring of Distributed Power Harvesting Systems Using DC Power Sources
A system includes a central analysis station and a display. The central analysis station may be configured to receive a unique identifier and performance data from each of a plurality of solar panels. The central analysis station may detect a problem in at least one of the plurality of solar panels based on the performance data. A display may be configured to display a status of the at least one of the plurality of solar panels based on the detected problem.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
G01R 22/06 - Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G01R 21/133 - Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
76.
Regulating Power Between Power Sources in a Photovoltaic Power System
A power system may comprise a plurality of power sources, each connected to a corresponding power regulator. The power regulators may be connected in series or in parallel, and may form a string. Each power regulator may comprise input terminals connected to the corresponding power source, output terminals, and a power converter that may be configured to convert input power from the corresponding power source to output power. The power regulator may further comprise a regulator communications module that may be configured to receive a power regulation indication relating to regulating an operational characteristic of the power regulator. The regulator controller may be configured to instruct the power converter to increase or decrease the regulator operational characteristic based on the power regulation indication, and based on power production characteristics of the power regulator.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
77.
Method, System, and Apparatus for Power Conversion
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion. Dampening circuitry may be operatively connected to power converter circuitry to reduce accumulated charge during different portions of an alternating current (AC) cycle. The dampening circuitry may be arranged for soft switching of the converter circuitry to reduce voltage or current spikes and noise.
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Circuits integrated or integrable with a photovoltaic panel to provide built-in functionality to the photovoltaic panel including safety features such as arc detection and elimination, ground fault detection and elimination, reverse current protection, monitoring of the performance of the photovoltaic panel, transmission of the monitored parameters and theft prevention of the photovoltaic panel. The circuits may avoid power conversion, for instance DC/DC power conversion, may avoid performing maximum power tracking to include a minimum number of components and thereby increase overall reliability.
G08B 13/14 - Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
H02H 3/16 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
A single-phase power converter is disclosed for converting a direct current power source to an alternating current power across first and second output terminals, which may be connected to a split-phase system having a first-phase load connected between one phase and a second-phase load connected between the other phase. When the loads are not balanced, the single-phase power converter provides a differential current to compensate for the imbalance.
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
A sensor circuit may comprise or otherwise be connected to a transformer. The transformer may comprise a primary winding and a secondary winding. The primary winding may be configurable and/or connectable to sense a current flow in the primary winding. A configurable circuit with an output may be connected to the input of a comparator circuit. The output of the comparator circuit and one or both of the input of the configurable circuit or the output of the configurable circuit may connect across the secondary winding.
G01R 15/18 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
Various implementations described herein are directed to a methods and apparatuses for disconnecting, by a device, elements at certain parts of an electrical system. The method may include measuring operational parameters at certain locations within the system and/or receiving messages from control devices indicating a potentially unsafe condition, disconnecting and/or short-circuiting system elements in response, and reconnection the system elements when it is safe to do so. Certain embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for providing operational power to safety switches during different modes of system operation.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
H02M 3/145 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for electronic equipment
H02H 9/02 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02H 7/122 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02H 3/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current
Various implementations described herein are directed to a methods and apparatuses for disconnecting, by a device, elements at certain parts of an electrical system. The method may include measuring operational parameters at certain locations within the system and/or receiving messages from control devices indicating a potentially unsafe condition, disconnecting and/or short-circuiting system elements in response, and reconnection the system elements when it is safe to do so. Certain embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for providing operational power to safety switches during different modes of system operation.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
H02H 9/02 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
H02M 3/145 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for electronic equipment
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02H 3/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02H 7/122 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
83.
System and Methods for Regulating Connections of Loads to a Network
A system includes a central controller for determining at least one parameter for a load connector of a load. The system also includes a central transceiver for transmitting a signal relating to the least one parameter of the load connector. The load connector comprises input terminals for connecting to power lines of a power distribution network, output terminals for connecting to the load, a switch for connecting/disconnecting the input terminals to/from the output terminals, a connector transceiver for receiving the signal, a voltage sensor for measuring a voltage across the input terminals, and a connector controller. The connector controller may determine a voltage disconnect threshold for the load connector based on the at least one parameter. The connector controller may control the switch to connect the output terminals to the input terminals based on a voltage measurement and the voltage disconnect threshold.
Disclosed herein is an apparatus for controlling the spacing of battery cells. The apparatus monitors the temperature of the battery cells, and when a battery cell temperature value exceeds a threshold, changes the configuration of the battery cell spacing from an initial closed configuration to an open configuration using a spacer mechanism. The spacing during the closed configuration is a first distance between the battery cells, and during the open configuration is a second distance between the battery cells. The second distance is substantially large than the first distance to position the lithium ion cells further apart, lowering the probability a thermal runaway event propagating from one cell to adjacent cells. The spacer mechanism may include a telescoping or expanding frame, a motor, one or more sensors, and a controller configured to operate the mechanical spacer.
H01M 50/289 - Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 50/204 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
85.
Apparatus and method for determining an order of power devices in power generation systems
Various implementations described herein are directed to determining an order of power devices connected in a serial string to a central power device. The physical order may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium.
Aspects of the disclosure relate to static configurations and arrangement of substrings of photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays or PV modules to electrically parallelly connect and spatially distribute substrings in PV cell arrays mitigating the partial shade and/or mismatch condition and decrease complexity of PV module production. Further aspects relate to substrings of serially electrically connected PV cells that may be electrically connected in parallel and arranged such that conductor intersection is minimized or substantially eliminated outside of a junction box. Further aspects of the disclosure relate to utilizing rear contact PV cells and conductive backsheets to effectuate electrically parallel connected and spatially distributed substrings.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
A multi-level inverter having at least two banks, each bank containing a plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors. A processor configured to switch the plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors in each bank to switch at multiple times during each cycle.
H02M 1/088 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
A fault identification may be triggered by a component of a power generation system (PGS), such as a hardware component, a controller of a hardware component, a device of the PGS, a computer connected to the PGS, a computer configured to monitor the PGS, and/or the like. The fault identification may be the result of a failure of a component of the PGS, a future failure of a component of the PGS, a routine maintenance of the PGS, and/or the like. The fault is converted to a notification on a user interface using a mapping of faults, root-causes, notification rules, and/or the like. The conversion may use one or more lookup tables and/or formulas for determining the impact of the fault on the PGS, and/or the like.
A power device may have at least two capacitors in series with each other and in parallel with a DC power source. The power device may have at least a first converter that has at least a controller configured to balance a voltage of the at least two capacitors. The power device may have at least a second converter connected to the at least two capacitors. The second converter may have at least three input conductors, each connected to a terminal of the at least two capacitors. The second converter may have at least two output conductors. The second converter may have at least a switching circuit between the at least three input conductors and at least two output conductors. The second converter may have at least a controller configured to operate the switching circuit. The second converter may passively preserve the voltage balance between the at least two capacitors.
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A photovoltaic module is presented, which may include a photovoltaic panel and a converter circuit having a primary input connected to the photovoltaic panel and a secondary output galvanically isolated from the primary input. The primary input may be connectible to multiple input terminals within a junction box and at least one of the input terminals may be electrically connected to a ground. The photovoltaic module may include multiple interconnected photovoltaic cells connected electrically to multiple connectors (for example bus-bars). The photovoltaic module may include input terminals operable for connecting to the connectors and an isolated converter circuit. The isolated converter circuit may include a primary input connected to the input terminals and a secondary output galvanically isolated from the primary input.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H01L 31/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
A multi-level inverter topology is disclosed. A power converter circuit converts a DC source at its input to provide an alternating current (AC) at its output. The power converter circuit may have a controller operably attached to multiple series connections of switches. The controller may control one or more of the multiple series connections of switches to convert a DC input to provide multi-level AC voltages with DC offset across two terminals of the power converter circuit. The multi-level AC voltages with DC offset may then be converted by use of a plurality of series connections of switches to provide a single-phase AC voltage at a first output terminal with respect to at least one of a neutral potential, an earth potential, or a terminal of the power converter circuit.
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
H02M 7/23 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
92.
Circuit for a power device and graphical user interface
An apparatus for a system power device utilized in an interconnected power system. The interconnected power system may include multiple system power devices connected to various inter connections of groups of direct currents (DC) from power sources which also may be connected in various series, parallel, series parallel and parallel series combinations for example. The apparatus may include a processor connected to a memory and a communication interface operatively attached to the processor. The communication interface may be adapted to connect to a mobile computing system of a user in close proximity to the system power devices. A graphical user interface (GUI) of the mobile computing system may allow various operational and re-configuration options for the interconnected power system which may include installation, maintenance and monitoring schedules in the interconnected power system when the user of the GUI is in close proximity to the system power devices.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G05F 5/00 - Systems for regulating electric variables by detecting deviations in the electric input to the system and thereby controlling a device within the system to obtain a regulated output
G01R 15/12 - Circuits for multi-testers, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will
G06F 3/04847 - Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials
A digital average-input current-mode control loop for a DC/DC power converter. The power converter may be, for example, a buck converter, boost converter, or cascaded buck-boost converter. The purpose of the proposed control loop is to set the average converter input current to the requested current. Controlling the average input current can be relevant for various applications such as power factor correction (PFC), photovoltaic converters, and more. The method is based on predicting the inductor current base on measuring the input voltage, the output voltage, and the inductor current. A fast cycle-by-cycle control loop may be implemented. The conversion method is described for three different modes. For each mode a different control loop is used to control the average input current, ans the control loop for each of the different modes is described. Finally, the algorithm for switching between the modes is disclosed.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/157 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
94.
Communication Protocol For Distributed Energy Management
A system, a device, a method, a communication protocol, and/or the like, for energy management in a fragment, heterogeneous, electrical grid. The grid may include multiple types of power generation systems, electrical energy storage systems, electrical loads, and efficiently managing these systems may require elements that will bridge the technology gap of these systems, as well as provide best-effort power generation and consumption in order to stabilize the grid. These techniques are especially important in differentiated electric energy networks, such as micro-grids, island grids, virtual power plants, and/or the like.
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
H04L 12/18 - Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
95.
Pest-Control Structure for Photovoltaic Installations
A pest-control structure for a photovoltaic (PV) module installation may include a support beam mounted to a support surface. The support beam may include an interface surface. A PV module may be mounted to the support beam. At least one exclusion spacer may be mounted to the support beam at the interface surface or the PV module. The at least one exclusion spacer may restrict access to an area between the PV module and the support surface.
A01M 29/30 - Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus preventing or obstructing access or passage, e.g. by means of barriers, spikes, cords, obstacles or sprinkled water
An apparatus may include a first switch leg connected between a first input terminal and a first output terminal, the first switch leg comprising serially connected switches. The apparatus may also include a second switch leg connected between a second input terminal and the first output terminal, the second switch leg comprising serially connected switches. The apparatus may further include a third switch leg connected between an input voltage midpoint and the first output terminal. A control circuit may control the first switch leg, the second switch leg and the third switch leg.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
97.
Method to Prepare a Power Converter or Other Apparatus For Configuration
An order may be received for an apparatus such as a power converter or other power device, where the apparatus may be housed in a packing box. A configuration device may be programmed with information responsive to details of the order and an ID associated with the apparatus. A label or other identifying object may be created or configured (e.g., printed) and attached to the apparatus or may otherwise accompany the apparatus prior to dispatch of the packing box. The label may provide details of operating parameters of the apparatus responsive to the details of the order. Upon receipt and unpacking of the packing box, the configuration device may be connected to the apparatus, thereby to causing the apparatus to become configured.
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
G06Q 10/087 - Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
B65B 61/26 - Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for marking or coding completed packages
B65B 61/18 - Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for applying or incorporating package-opening or unpacking elements, e.g. tear-strips
98.
Method and apparatus for switching current between conductive paths and through a differential current sensor
A device, system, and method is disclosed for improving safety of a power system. For example, a differential current may be detected using at least one sensor by temporarily enabling sampling of current flowing through one or more conductors. Additionally, current flow may be temporarily altered in order to sample current in a system. The measurements may be handled locally and/or remotely and appropriate actions may be taken to enhance the overall safety of the system.
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
Methods are described for monitoring a power grid at an output of a power converter. Operational parameters of the power converter may be determined as a result of data collected during monitoring. A grid code for the power grid to which the power converter is to be connected may be received subsequent to the collecting. An operational mode of the power converter may be established, based, at least on part, on the operational parameters and the grid code. In the event the grid code and the operational parameters match, the power converter may be activated for electrical power production based on the operational mode. When the grid code and the operational parameters do not match, an error condition may be raised.
G01R 19/25 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
A composite electrode foil roll for manufacturing an electrolytic capacitor, including: bands of electrode foils; strips of an isolating material positioned along a width of the composite electrode foil roll at a plurality of locations. The plurality of locations are at equal distances and correspond to a length of an inner cavity of a case of the electrolytic capacitor. The bands of electrode foils and strips of an isolating material are alternating. A method of manufacturing the composite electrode foil roll including alternating bands of electrode foils and strips of an isolating material. The strips are positioned along a width of the composite electrode foil roll at repeated locations. The repeated locations are at equal distances corresponding to a length of an inner cavity of a case of the electrolytic capacitor.
patents
