A method for starting an electrolysis system is disclosed. A supply circuit has an AC terminal connected to an AC grid, a DC terminal connected to an electrolyzer, and an AC/DC converter arranged between the AC terminal and the DC terminal. The method includes charging an output capacitor connected to a DC converter terminal of the AC/DC converter, by operating the electrolyzer in a reverse mode, while the AC/DC converter is connected to the electrolyzer and disconnected from the AC grid, connecting the AC/DC converter to the AC grid, reversing the operation of the electrolyzer from the reverse mode to a normal mode as a DC load, to suppress a power flow between the AC grid and the electrolyzer, and operating the electrolyzer in the normal mode with electrical power drawn from the AC grid which is rectified by the AC/DC converter.
C25B 15/06 - Detection or inhibition of short circuits in the cell
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
2.
ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE HAVING A CONVERTER AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INSTANTANEOUS RESERVE POWER FOR AN AC VOLTAGE GRID
A method for operating an electrolysis device, having a converter which is connected on an AC voltage side to an AC voltage grid via a decoupling inductance and draws an AC active power from the AC voltage grid, and an electrolyzer, which is connected to the converter on the DC voltage side, is provided. The method includes operating the electrolysis device, when a grid frequency corresponds to a nominal frequency of the ACT voltage grid and is substantially constant over a time period, with an electrical power which is between 50% and 100% of a nominal power of the electrolyzer, and operating the converter in a voltage-impressing manner, such that an AC active power drawn from the AC voltage grid is changed on the basis of a change and/or a rate of change of the grid frequency in the AC voltage grid.
A busbar for measuring a direct and/or alternating current has connection regions and at least one resistance region arranged between the connection regions, and two measuring contacts arranged in the resistance region. The busbar has a geometry in which the measuring contacts are currentless during operation of the busbar. The busbar is formed in one piece. An apparatus for determining current and having such a busbar and a power converter having such an apparatus are also disclosed.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
An electric motor arrangement including an electric motor, in particular a servo integrated motor, an encapsulation containing a motor drive, in particular a servo drive, for driving the motor with a low impedance electrical conducting path comprising a stacked power module, a power PCBA and a power connector. The electric motor arrangement further includes an electric motor and first and second encapsulation portions containing a motor drive for driving the motor, wherein the first encapsulation portion, the second encapsulation portion and/or the motor are thermally separated from each other by at least one thermal isolating layer.
The invention relates to a control method for operating an inverter in a power network that is connected to a power supply network via a controllable disconnecting switch. The method comprises the steps, while the disconnecting switch is closed, of operating the inverter in a current-impressing mode, and constantly monitoring the power supply network for a voltage drop. In the event of a voltage drop in the power supply network being detected, the method causes the operating mode of the inverter to be changed to a voltage-setting mode, wherein a provisional voltage that is reduced relative to the normal network voltage is set by the inverter. After a predefined period of time has elapsed after detection of the voltage drop, if the voltage drop in the power supply network persists, the method comprises opening the disconnecting switch and increasing the voltage set by the inverter to the normal network voltage, and, after a predefined period of time has elapsed after detection of the voltage drop, if the failure of the power supply network does not persist, operating the inverter in the current-impressing mode.
H02J 3/12 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
13.
VOLTAGE-ADJUSTING INVERTER, AND ENERGY-GENERATING PLANT
d, solld, istdd, solld, ist00) by the determined frequency shift. An outer control loop of the inverter is designed to, in an isolated network mode, supply a setpoint value signal to the setpoint value input in accordance with the determined frequency shift. Also provided is an energy-generating plant, which may comprise two such inverters.
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 3/48 - Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
14.
Method for detecting a short circuit and control unit
A method for detecting a short circuit in a winding of an electric motor being driven by a drive, the method includes measuring respective phase currents of the windings, transforming the phase currents to negative sequence components, and comparing the negative sequence components with respective baseline values. A corresponding control unit is further disclosed.
maxmax of a substring (10) is lower than a specified danger threshold. The shut-off device (12) is designed to separate a substring (10) from the DC wiring strand (13) after receiving a shut-off signal by means of the power semiconductor switch (18). The invention additionally relates to an assembly comprising a shut-off device (12) and a substring (10) and to an energy generating system.
A method for logging a user into a device for a power generation plant, using a service gateway, wherein an access authorization of the user for the device is stored on the service gateway, is disclosed. The method includes authenticating the user on the service gateway, sending a device access request using an access device from the user to the service gateway specifying an identifier of the device for the power generation plant, and comparing a device secret stored on the service gateway with a copy of the device secret generated using the device secret and stored on the device, via an SRP protocol.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
17.
PLATFORM FOR SPACE-SAVING CONFIGURATION OF AN ENERGY CONVERSION INSTALLATION, AND ENERGY CONVERSION INSTALLATION
The disclosure relates to a platform stack for the space-saving configuration of an energy conversion installation, comprising at least two platforms stacked one over another to form the platform stack, wherein each of the platform is configured to position a skid with a respective converter unit of the energy conversion installation such that they are stacked one on top of the other on via the two platforms. The platforms each include a frame structure having a storage surface for the skid, and have alignment elements on a first side and support posts on a second side of the frame structure, opposite the first side.
The invention relates to a method for reducing a current circuit in inverters (WR1, WR2,... WRn) which are connected together in parallel on the DC side and on the AC side and each of which comprises a divided intermediate circuit. The method has the following steps for at least one inverter: - measuring a first and a second intermediate circuit voltage (u_Z+, u_Z-) of a first or second half of the divided intermediate circuit of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), - measuring an AC-side differential current (i_di, i_di1, i_di2,... i_din) of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), - ascertaining the duty cycle (DuCy) in order to adjust an AC-side output voltage of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn) according to an AC target voltage using the intermediate circuit voltages (u_Z+, u_Z-) and the AC-side differential current (i_di), and - adjusting the AC-side output voltage by actuating semiconductor switches of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn) using the duty cycle (DuCy). The invention additionally relates to a device (10) for producing a current circuit, to an inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), and to a system comprising a plurality of inverters.
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
The invention relates to a bridge circuit (10) for providing an alternating current at a phase terminal (AC) having a first direct current terminal (DC+) and a second direct current terminal (DC-) for connecting a direct current source or a direct current load, an intermediate circuit (17), and a bridge (11) with bridge switches, which bridge is configured to provide potentials at the direct current terminals (DC+, DC-) at a first bridge output (18a) and a second bridge output (18b) which are clocked independently of one another. A first connection path (15a) and a second connection path extend between the respective bridge outputs (18a) and the phase terminal (AC), wherein each of the connection paths (18a, 18b) has, on the bridge output side, a filter choke (12a, 12b) and the filter chokes (12a, 12b) of the connection paths (15a, 15b) are magnetically coupled to one another. A cut-off relay (13) with a plurality of relay contacts (14) is arranged between the bridge outputs (18a, 18b) and the phase terminal (AC) in such a manner that in each cut-off portion of the connection paths (15a, 15b) at least one of the relay contacts (14) is arranged in each of the connection paths (15a, 15b). Furthermore, the invention relates to an energy conversion system with such a bridge circuit (10).
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
The invention describes a device (1) for the voltage equalisation of a plurality n of at least two (n≥2) two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3). The device comprises a current-limiting component (10) with an input (10.1) and an output (10.2), and n connection pairs (A) each having a first connection (A1) and a second connection (A2) for connecting the n two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3). Two or more of the first connections (A1) are each connected to the input (10.1) via a first switch (S1) or directly. In addition, two or more of the first connections (A1) are each connected to the output (10.2) via a second switch (S2). The second connections (A2) are connected to a common reference potential GND or are connected in a switchable manner. The device (1) is designed to set switching states of the first switch (S1) and of the second switch (S2) by means of a control unit (9) and/or by means of voltages applied to the first connections (A1) in such a manner that the current-limiting component (10) consumes power in its input (10.1) and not in its output (10.2), and the current-limiting component (10) outputs power from its output (10.2) and not its input (10.1). The invention also describes a method for the voltage equalisation of n two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3) that can be carried out with the device (1), and a DC power distribution system.
The invention relates to a method for operating a power converter comprising a power electronics circuit, which comprises at least one semiconductor switch, wherein an adjustable transmission ratio between voltages and/or currents is generated at connections on a first side of the switch and on a second side of the switch by means of clocked control of the at least one semiconductor switch, wherein the control of the at least one semiconductor switch comprises a control signal with a clock frequency and an adjustable duty factor, wherein the duty factor has a value in a first value range or in a second value range, wherein the first value range comprises two end values and extends between a minimum value greater than zero and a maximum value less than one, and the second value range comprises the values zero and/or one. By means of an auxiliary variable having a third value range between minus one and one, a duty factor for generating the control signals is varied such that a transition from duty factors with values close to zero or close to one to values of zero or one is improved. A power converter with a control device is configured to carry out the method.
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
22.
POWER CONVERTER, METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWER CONVERTER, AND SYSTEM COMPRISING A DC ENERGY SOURCE, A DC NETWORK AND A POWER CONVERTER
The invention relates to a power converter (10) for transmitting electrical power, said power converter comprising: a first side for connection to a DC energy source supply (20); and a second side for connection to a DC network (22), the power converter (10) having a DC/DC controller (12) and a first switching device (14). The DC/DC controller (12) is designed to exchange electrical power between the first and the second side, and the first switching device (14) is designed to connect the first side to the second side in a switchable manner via the DC/DC controller (12). The power converter (10) is designed to disconnect the connection via the first switching device (14) if the DC network (22) is intended for exchanging electrical power with an AC supply network (30), and to establish the connection via the first switching device (14) if no exchange of electrical power with the AC supply network (30) is intended for the DC network (22). The power converter (10) has: a third side for connection to the AC supply network (30); a DC/AC converter (16); and a second switching device (18), wherein the DC/AC converter (16) in conjunction with the DC/DC controller (12) is intended to exchange electrical power between the first side and the third side and the second switching device (18) is designed to connect the third side to the first side in a switchable manner via the DC/AC converter (16) and the DC/DC controller (12).
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
The application describes operating an inverter having an AC connection, a DC connection and an inverter bridge therebetween. The operation includes operating the inverter in a first mode in which, at the AC connection, an AC grid is supplied with electrical power via the inverter, and the voltage of the AC grid is controlled via a regulation of the inverter. If an increase in a current at the AC connection exceeds a current limit value: changing to a second mode and operating the inverter, wherein a regulation is adapted such that, via a virtual impedance, it limits the current at the AC connection.
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 7/797 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
25.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING AN INSULATION RESISTANCE OF A DC VOLTAGE SOURCE CONNECTED TO A SPLIT INTERMEDIATE CIRCUIT IN MAINS PARALLEL OPERATION
To measure an insulation resistance of a DC voltage source connected to a split intermediate circuit, a midpoint potential of the DC voltage source is shifted by different operation of two voltage converters by way of which two poles of the DC voltage source are each connected to one of two parts of the split intermediate circuit. A change in a residual current across all lines that carry a current flowing across the intermediate circuit from the DC voltage source, resulting from the shifting of the midpoint potential of the DC voltage source, is measured.
The application describes a transfer circuit or system with a first DC bus for connecting a plurality of battery racks to an inverter bridge for a first power exchange with an AC grid. The transfer circuit or system has a second DC bus which is connected to the first DC bus via a DC/DC converter. The transfer circuit or system is arranged to disconnect at least one battery rack of the plurality of battery racks from the first DC bus and to connect it to the second DC bus for performing an intra-battery equalization process. The application also describes a system with a transfer unit and a method for performing an intra-battery equalization process.
The invention relates to a method for producing a defined state of an electrochemical system (14) which can be connected to an AC/DC converter (12) via a switch disconnector (TS) of a disconnecting device (20) in order to exchange electric power, wherein at least one DC connection (DC+, DC-) of the electrochemical system (14) is connected to the AC/DC converter via the disconnector switch (TS) of the disconnecting device (20). The method has the following step: in a first operating state in which the at least one DC connection (DC+, DC-) is electrically disconnected from the AC/DC converter (12): a) a first switch (S1) of the disconnecting device (20) is closed in order to produce an electric connection between the DC connections (DC+, DC-) of the electrochemical system. The invention additionally relates to a disconnecting device, to a power converter comprising such a disconnecting device, and to an assembly comprising an electrochemical system (14) and such a power cconverter.
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
The invention relates to a method for increasing the service life of converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) in a system (10) comprising an energy source (PV) which is connected to a DC bus (DC+, DC-) together with a DC-to-DC converter (12) comprising the converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). The method comprises the steps of: • establishing a system state in which electrical power of the energy source (PV) is available for which no transmission via the DC-to-DC converter (12) and no output to further participants of the DC bus (DC+, DC-) is provided, and • operating the DC-to-DC converter (12) during the established system state such that power dissipation is generated in the DC-to-DC converter (12) without power being transmitted via the DC-to-DC converter (12). The invention also relates to: a system comprising an energy source (PV) and a DC-to-DC converter having the converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4); and an energy-generating system comprising such a system.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
29.
METHOD FOR PRE-MAGNETIZING A MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER, CONTROL UNIT, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for pre-magnetizing a medium voltage transformer (T1) which is designed to carry out a voltage transformation between a medium voltage of a medium voltage grid (MVG) on a medium voltage side of the medium voltage transformer (T1) and a low voltage on a low-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer (T1) and which is connected to an electrolyzer (10) via a rectifier (12) on the low-voltage side. In a first operating state (BZ1), the medium voltage transformer (T1) is separated from the medium voltage grid (MVG), wherein at least one auxiliary assembly (20) of the electrolyzer (10) is supplied with electric energy via an additional energy supply in the first operating state (BZ1), and in the first operating state, the method has the steps of: A1) connecting the low-voltage side to the additional energy supply and A2) pre-magnetizing the medium voltage transformer (T1) using the additional energy supply. The invention additionally relates to a control unit (Ctrl) and an electrolysis system.
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
H02J 3/40 - Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02H 9/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
An explosion-proof housing for a power electronics unit includes a housing pan and a cover that closes the housing pan via a seal, wherein the cover and the housing pan are pressed against each other at two opposing sides formed by edge regions of the cover and the housing pan via a plurality of fasteners that are configured to be released by rotation and that engage in latching structures. The plurality of fasteners are arranged in a central third of the respective sides. The explosion-proof housing can be used, for example, for a photovoltaic inverter.
1233 and is connected to the DC voltage output (16) via a second AC/DC converter. The primary side (2P) and the first secondary-side connection (2S1) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) or the primary side (2P) and the secondary side (2S) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) are in this case each free from any on-load tap changer. The invention additionally describes an electrolysis installation (50) having a corresponding energy supply device (10).
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
A housing of an electrical device for converting electrical power has a main body with a rear wall and side walls and a cover, wherein the cover closes the main body so that a self-contained interior space is created, wherein electrical and electronic components of the electrical device are arranged in the interior space of the housing. The cover is detachably connected to the main body by a cover closure, wherein the cover closure comprises a fastening means (15) and a closure housing (11), wherein the fastening means (15) is rotatably and axially non-displaceably retained in the closure housing (11). The closure housing (15) is fastened to the cover in the geometric centre of the cover. The main body comprises a pin (16) which extends from the rear wall of the housing to the geometric centre of the cover, wherein a connection between the cover and the pin (16) that is releasable by turning the fastening means (15) can be established by means of at least one guide peg (17) of the pin (16) and at least one at least partly helically encircling guide groove (20) of the fastening means (15).
The invention relates to a method for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20) in an energy supply system (10). The energy supply system (10) comprises: - a grid connection point (14) for connecting the energy supply system (10) to an external energy supply grid (12), - the electrical energy store (20), and - an internal circuit (22), which is connected to the electrical energy store (20), for connecting electrical loads, energy-generating units (32, 36, 52) and/or further electrical energy stores. The method comprises: - providing a virtual energy store having a capacitance corresponding to the energy store (20), - subdividing the virtual energy store into at least two separate virtual partial stores (42), - providing at least two virtual energy meters (44) which are each assigned to a virtual partial store (42), - receiving at least two target values for a virtual power exchange value for each virtual partial store (42), - adjusting the actual power exchange value of the energy store (20) on the basis of the sum of the at least two target values, - measuring the virtual power exchange values of the virtual partial stores (42) via the virtual energy meters (44) assigned in each case. The invention also relates to a control device (40) for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20), and to an energy supply system (10).
The disclosure describes a method for operating an energy supply installation which is connected to an AC supply grid via a transformer, and exchanges electrical power with the AC supply grid via the transformer. The transformer is connected on a first side to the AC supply grid and on a second side to an AC installation grid of the energy supply installation, wherein the energy supply installation has at least one inverter which exchanges electrical power between a DC unit on the DC side of the inverter and the AC installation grid on the AC side of the inverter. The method includes receiving at least one parameter of the power conversion of the at least one inverter by an installation controller, determining a setpoint AC voltage for the AC installation grid by the installation controller according to the parameter, transmitting the setpoint AC voltage to the transformer.
The invention relates to a fire protection device (1) for an energy store. The fire protection device has a housing (2) with at least one fluid-tight outer wall, a storage region (3) and a projection region (4), wherein the storage region (3) contains a fire protection agent, the projection region (4) has a plurality of projections (4a) which are fluidically connected to the storage region (3) and have a casing which is designed such that it melts at a melting temperature and thus allows the fire protection agent to flow out.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
A62C 35/10 - Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/204 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
H01M 50/609 - Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
H01M 50/682 - Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor accommodated in battery or cell casings
36.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A MOTOR TYPE OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR AND MOTOR CONTROL APPARATUS
A method for determining a motor type of an electric motor includes several phases, wherein two or more pulses are applied to the motor, respective currents are measured and the motor type is determined based on the pulses. Further, a motor control apparatus is configured to perform such a method.
The invention relates to a method for acquiring a characteristic curve of a PV generator (2) to be scanned from a plurality of PV generators (2) in a power generation system (10), wherein each of the PV generators (2) is connected, on the output side, via an assigned DC/DC converter (12) in parallel or as a series circuit, to a DC link (14) as the input element of a DC/AC converter (20). The method comprises: a) reducing a cumulative output power (KA) of those DC/DC converters (12), for which the associated PV generators (2) are not intended for acquiring the characteristic curve, as a function of a maximum output power (Pscan) of the DC/DC converter (12) connected to the PV generator (2) to be scanned to be expected during the acquisition of the characteristic curve of the PV generator (2) to be scanned, in order to ensure that the sum of the cumulative output power (KA) and the expected maximum power (Pscan) do not exceed a nominal power (PN) of the DC/AC converter (20), b) subsequently acquiring the characteristic curve of the PV generator (2) to be scanned, c) wherein during the acquisition of the characteristic curve, a voltage (UZK) of the DC link (14) or a current of the series circuit of the DC/DC converters (12) is held constant by the DC/AC converter (20). The application also relates to a circuit arrangement for acquiring a characteristic curve of a PV generator (2) to be scanned.
A power converter between an AC side and DC of the power converter is disclosed. The AC side is connected to an AC supply grid and the DC side is connected to a DC grid. The power converter includes a bridge circuit connected to the AC side of the power converter via AC switches and connected to the DC side of the power converter via circuit breakers, wherein a DC link circuit of the power converter is chargeable from the AC supply grid via an AC precharging circuit. The power converter has an insulation monitor to measure the insulation resistance of the DC side when the AC precharging circuit is connected to the DC link circuit. The disclosure also includes a related method.
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 7/04 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
39.
METHOD FOR BALANCING VOLTAGES IN A DC GRID AND BALANCING UNIT FOR A DC GRID
The application describes a method for balancing voltages on a first and a second DC conductor in a DC grid using a balancing circuit with a first and second semiconductor switch connected in series between the first and second DC conductors, and a connection to a ground potential that is arranged between the first and second semiconductor switches. In the presence of an asymmetry in the voltages of the first and second DC conductors to ground potential, a compensation current is generated between at least one of the DC conductors ground potential via at least one of the semiconductor switches, with the asymmetry in the voltages being reduced by the compensation current (IA), with the voltages of the DC conductors to ground potential being balanced.
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
40.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A DC VOLTAGE GRID AND POWER CONVERTER FOR CONNECTING A DC VOLTAGE GRID TO AN AC VOLTAGE GRID
An electrical system includes a power converter and a DC/DC converter configured to transfer power between an AC side and a DC side thereof. The AC side is connected to an AC supply grid and the DC side is connected to a DC grid. The power converter has a bridge circuit connected to the AC side of the power converter via AC relays and connected to the DC side of the power converter via circuit breakers. A measuring device measures a DC power converter voltage and a DC/DC output voltage present on the output side of the DC/DC converter. A control circuit is configured to drive the DC/DC converter. The application also describes a method for operating an electrical system.
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02M 3/04 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
41.
ISLAND NETWORK DETECTION, VOLTAGE-IMPRESSING CONVERTER, AND CONVERTER
The invention relates to an island network detection method using a voltage-impressing converter (14), having the steps of: - determining the frequency and the phase of a voltage curve of a sub-network (10) which is connected to a network connection point of the converter (14), - generating a voltage curve using a bridge circuit of the converter (14) with the specified frequency, the phase of the generated voltage curve having a first temporal variation with respect to the determined phase, - determining a correlation between the first temporal variation and a second temporal variation of an output exchanged by the converter (14) with the sub-network (10), and - detecting an island network if the determined correlation undershoots a specified correlation measurement. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding voltage-impressing converter (14).
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
42.
VOLTAGE BALANCING CIRCUIT FOR SERIES CONNECTED CAPACITOR BANKS OR VOLTAGE CELLS AND VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE FOR DRIVING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR OR POWER CONVERTER FOR SUPPLYING A LOAD WITH A VOLTAGE BALANCING CIRCUIT
A voltage balancing circuit for capacitor banks or voltage cells connected in series. The circuit includes a DC-link with at least two capacitors or voltage cells connected in series and at least two emitter follower balancing circuits connected in parallel. At least one emitter resistor is provided between the emitter of each emitter follower balancing circuit and the mid-point of the DC-link. The gate emitter voltage applied to each emitter follower balancing circuit may be equal to its common gate voltage minus the voltage drop on the corresponding emitter resistor. The invention is also directed at a variable frequency drive for driving an electric motor or a power converter, having a corresponding voltage balancing circuit.
A method for defining authentication data of a user at an energy conversion device connected to a grid and a source via a network connection includes receiving at the energy conversion device, via the network connection, a request from the user to newly assign authentication data, receiving at the energy conversion device desired authentication data of the user via the network connection, and storing the desired authentication data in the energy conversion device for an authentication of the user in the event of subsequent attempts to access the energy conversion device, when the energy conversion device is disconnected from the connected grid within a first predefined time window after receiving the request.
A method for operating a hybrid rectifier includes an AC input, a DC output and a thyristor rectifier arranged in a first path, and a transistor rectifier arranged in a second, parallel path. The method includes when a DC voltage at the DC output of the hybrid rectifier is below a voltage threshold value, operating the hybrid rectifier in a first operating state in which the transistor rectifier is isolated from the DC output and connected to the AC input and the thyristor rectifier is connected both to the AC input and to the DC output. When the DC voltage at the DC output of the hybrid rectifier reaches or exceeds the voltage threshold value, operating the hybrid rectifier in a second operating state in which the thyristor rectifier and the transistor rectifier are each connected to the AC input and to the DC output.
H02M 7/23 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 7/17 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02J 3/16 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
C25B 9/65 - Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
45.
METHOD FOR SELF-TESTING OF A PHASE OF A 3-LEVEL ANPC CONVERTER WITH LC FILTER
A method for testing an inverter having a bridge comprising a first switch (T1) arranged between a positive connection (DC+) of a divided link circuit, having a center point (M), and a positive inner connection (PI), a second switch (T2) arranged between the positive inner connection (PI) and a bridge output (BR), a third switch (T3) arranged between the bridge output (BR) and a negative inner connection (NI), a fourth switch (T4) arranged between the negative inner connection (NI) and a negative connection (DC−) of the divided link circuit, a fifth switch (T5) arranged between the center point (M) and the positive inner connection (PI), and a sixth switch (T6) arranged between the center point (M) and the negative inner connection (NI) is disclosed. A grid filter having a filter inductor (LF) and a filter capacitor (CF) is connected to the bridge output (BR). The method comprises applying a link circuit voltage to the divided link circuit, while the bridge output (BR) is isolated from a connected grid using the connected grid filter, fully discharging the filter capacitor (CF), closing the first switch (T1) and the sixth switch (T6), while the fourth switch (T4) and the fifth switch (T5) are open, subsequently clocking the second switch (T2) using a plurality of short pulses, wherein the duty cycle of the short pulses is predetermined between 1% and 5%, subsequently to the clocking determining a voltage dropped across the filter capacitor (CF) and identifying a fault state of the bridge when the voltage dropped is outside of a voltage window with an upper window limit and a lower window limit. An inverter is also disclosed, which has a control system designed and set up to execute the method according to one of the preceding claims and to connect the inverter to a connected grid only if a fault state is not identified.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
The disclosure relates to a device for electrolysis from photovoltaically generated DC power, including an electrolyzer and a DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter is configured to feed DC power to the electrolyzer via a DC bus, wherein: the DC power is generated by a photovoltaic (PV) sub-generator connected to the DC/DC converter. The PV sub-generator is connected to the DC/DC converter via a first disconnector that is coupled to an isolation monitoring structure in such a way that closure of the first disconnector requires a successful check for sufficient isolation of the PV sub-generator. The PV sub-generator has a main string and a second disconnector arranged between the main string and the first disconnector. The second disconnector is coupled to a fault current monitoring circuit of the main string in such a way that the second disconnector is opened in the event that a predefinable limit value of the fault current is exceeded. The disclosure also relates to a method.
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for electronic equipment
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
47.
Method for evaluating the degradation level of capacitors of a power filter, adjustable speed drive and power converter provided for performing the method
The present invention is directed at a method for evaluating the degradation level of capacitors of a power filter connected to an adjustable speed drive (ASD) or a power converter. The invention is also directed at an adjustable speed drive and a power converter provided for performing the method.
G01R 23/15 - Indicating that frequency of pulses is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values, by making use of non-linear or digital elements
48.
Method for operating rotating machinery by means of a variable speed drive and variable speed drive for performing the method
The present invention is directed at a method for operating rotating machinery, such as an electric motor, by means of a variable speed drive (VSD). The variable speed drive is provided for identifying mechanical resonance points by means of a sensor and corresponding speeds of the machinery; storing the speeds at which the identified mechanical resonance points occur; and bypassing the speeds at which the identified mechanical resonance points occur during operation of the rotating machinery. The invention is also directed at a variable speed drive for performing said method.
H02P 23/04 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
The present invention pertains to a method for commissioning an electric motor drive application (4), wherein the drive application (4) has an electric motor drive (2) and an electric motor (3), the method having the steps of performing a measurement at or near the application (4) by means of a smartphone (1); transferring the measured data from the smartphone (1) to the drive (2); and adjusting the settings of the drive (2) in dependence on the measured data. The invention also pertains to an electric motor drive (2), having wireless connection means (21) for connecting the drive (2) to a smartphone (1). The electric motor drive is provided for performing the method according to any of claims 1 to 9.
The invention relates to a device (10) for converting electrical energy between a PV generator (12) and an electrolyser (14), wherein the device has a first side for connecting a PV generator (12) and a second side for connecting an electrolyser (14). The device has an inverter (16) arranged between the first side and a transformer (18), and an active rectifier (20) arranged between the transformer (18) and the second side, such that an AC side of the rectifier (20) and an AC side of the inverter (16) are connected to one another via the transformer (18), wherein the inverter (16) is designed to convert a first DC voltage on the DC side of the inverter (16) into a first AC voltage on the AC side of the inverter (16), wherein the rectifier (20) is designed to convert a second AC voltage on the AC side of the rectifier (20) into a second DC voltage on the DC side of the rectifier (20), wherein the device (10) has a controller which is designed to influence a power flow between the first side and the second side of the device from a connected PV generator (12) to a connected electrolyser (14) by adjusting an AC/DC transformation ratio of the rectifier (20) between the second AC voltage and the second DC voltage. The invention also relates to methods for converting electrical energy.
In a method for operating a power supply plant having a plurality of inverters and a plant controller connected to the inverters for communication, the power supply plant has a grid connection, which is connected to an AC voltage grid. Via the grid connection, the inverters exchange electrical interchange powers with the AC voltage grid such that the power supply plant exchanges a total interchange power, composed of the respective electrical interchange powers, with the AC voltage grid. By means of a respective regulator, the inverters adjust their respective interchange powers depending on a respective deviation of a voltage profile of a grid voltage from a respective reference profile with respect to a respective reference frequency and/or depending on a respective voltage amplitude differential between a respective grid voltage and a respective reference voltage. The plant controller influences the regulators of the inverters depending on a power differential between the total interchange power and a specified interchange power. A power supply plant according to the application is designed to carry out this method.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 3/16 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
52.
METHOD FOR SETTING A POWER CLASS OF AN INVERTER, AND INVERTER
The disclosure relates to a method for setting a power class of an inverter, wherein the inverter has a device type plate containing information about the inverter which is device-specific and independent of the selected power class, and wherein the inverter has a class plate which is selected from a plurality of power class-specific class plates each assigned to one power class from a plurality of power classes and contains information about the assigned power class. The method includes capturing an image of the device type plate and the class plate and reading out the device-specific information and the information about the assigned power class from the data captured as an image,—transferring a setting sequence to the inverter, wherein the setting sequence has the information about the assigned power class,—setting the power class of the inverter using the setting sequence following authentication of the read-out information. The disclosure also relates to an inverter having a power class that can be set.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G06V 10/94 - Hardware or software architectures specially adapted for image or video understanding
G06V 40/10 - Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
converting, storing, regulating and controlling of
electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and
analysing of electricity; software for the energy sector;
mobile apps for the energy sector; electrical indicators for
use in the energy sector; data processing apparatus for use
in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation
for generating energy; systems, apparatus and instruments
for the production and/or storage of electrical energy,
hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy. Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and
conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in
the energy sector; compiling trade information in the energy
sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of
contractual trade services with third parties in the energy
sector; advising on the execution of commercial contracts in
the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for
the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services
in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional
purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and
services in the energy sector; advisory services relating to
commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail
services, including via the internet, related to products
and services for the energy sector; assistance and
consultancy services with regard to business management of
companies in the energy sector; organisational and business
consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field
of energy management; writing of business project studies in
the energy sector; business project management services in
the energy sector; business project management in the energy
sector. Financial project management in the energy sector; project
financing in the energy sector; financial advice and
consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the
provision of finance in the energy sector; consultancy
concerning financing of energy projects; financial
consultancy service in the energy sector; brokerage of
financial investments in energy companies; consultancy
services relating to the financing of civil works and
infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector. Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus
and instruments in the energy sector; maintenance work of
equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the
energy sector; repair work of equipment, installations,
apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; assembly
work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments
in the energy sector; cleaning services in the energy
sector; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and
repair of energy-saving devices, installation, apparatus and
instruments; installation, maintenance and repair of power
generation equipment, installations, apparatus and
instruments; project management in the energy sector
[construction supervision]. Energy production. Technical regulation and monitoring of energy systems in the
field of electrical energy; technical remote monitoring of
energy systems; recording data regarding energy consumption
in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector;
technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy
production and energy use by third parties; technological
consulting in the energy sector; advisory services in the
field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency;
technical verification of the efficient use of energy;
technical advice on energy systems; technological analysis
in the energy sector; online computer services in the energy
sector, namely technical advice; engineering services for
energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of
energy technology; technical monitoring including management
of energy flows; operation of energy management systems,
namely technical monitoring and regulation of energy flows;
engineering project management services in the energy
sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance,
data back-up services and updates regarding software and
mobile apps in the energy sector; preparation of technical
project studies in the energy sector.
55.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A BATTERY CONVERTER, BATTERY CONVERTER AND SYSTEM
A described method for operating a battery converter in a system, in which, in addition to the battery converter, an inverter, which is connected to a grid, and a DC load are connected to a common intermediate circuit via a DC bus, includes: —controlling an exchange power of the battery converter using a battery, which is connected to the battery converter, depending on a voltage of the intermediate circuit in accordance with a converter characteristic curve, —identifying a decrease in the intermediate circuit voltage below a rectifying value of the permissible AC voltage of the grid connected to the inverter, and —if the decrease is identified, temporarily shifting the converter characteristic curve so that a maximum discharging power of the battery converter is reached at a value of the intermediate circuit voltage that is above or at the rectifying value. A battery converter, which is configured to carry out the method, and a system having such a battery converter are also described.
The disclosure relates to a housing for a power electronics device, including a tray for receiving power electronics components and a cover for placing on the tray so that a closed housing is formed. The cover is fixed on the tray by a plurality of fixing screws. At least one opening element is provided that is made of one of the fixing screws, each of which is guided through a sleeve with deformation structures. The sleeve is arranged between the screw head of the fixing screw and the housing such that a pressing force is exerted by the screw head between the cover and the tray via the sleeve. The deformation structures are designed such that under the effect of the force of an explosion that exceeds the pressing force, the sleeve is compressed in a manner defined by the deformation structures such that a gap with a specified width is formed between the cover and the tray.
The present invention discloses a system diagnosis method in an energy management system (1) for electrical energy and at least one additional form of energy. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring (S110; S310) actual values of one or more operating parameters by means of the system diagnosis; comparing (S120; S320) the actual values of the operating parameters with target values of the operating parameters by means of the system diagnosis in order to obtain a deviation; determining (S130; S330), by means of the system diagnosis, whether the deviation of the actual values of the operating parameters from the target values of the operating parameters exceeds a deviation threshold value; if the deviation exceeds the deviation threshold value, establishing (S140; S340, S350, S360, S361) that there is a malfunction and in what part of the energy management system (1) the malfunction occurs; assigning (S160; S370) the malfunction to predefined malfunction groups on the basis of the deviation of the one or more operating parameters; and producing (S170; S380) a notification signal. A corresponding energy management system (1) is also described.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
A modular electronic power converter is disclosed and includes a first housing, a second housing, and a coupling element. The coupling element is arranged between the housings and is connected to at least one of the housings via a detent connection.
The application discloses a filter-choke (10) to be used in an EMI filter comprising: - a closed magnetic core (20) having two core-legs (21, 22), wherein the magnetic core is configured to be assembled out of at least two core-segments (23), - at least two bobbins (30), each bobbin comprising a base flange (31) and a tubular section (32a, 32b) extending in perpendicular direction from the base flange (31), wherein the tubular section (32a, 32b) comprises an opening (33) for receiving one of the two core-legs (21, 22), - a coil (40) formed by an electric conductor (41) having multiple windings arranged around the tubular section (32a, 32b) of each bobbin (30), characterized, in that in an assembled state of the filter-choke (10), the bobbins (30) are arranged in a stacked manner, such that their openings (33) are aligned coaxially to each other, one of the core legs (21, 22) extending through the openings (33), and in that each bobbin (30) comprise at least two first fitting elements (35) arranged on opposite edges (34) of its base flange (31), wherein the first fitting elements (35) of the first bobbin (30) are configured to engage with the first fitting elements (35) of the adjacent second bobbin (30) for releasably fixing the two bobbins (30) together. The application further discloses a method for producing said filter-choke (10) as well as an electrical device comprising said filter-choke (10).
H01F 37/00 - Fixed inductances not covered by group
H01F 5/02 - Coils wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers
H01F 27/30 - Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
H01F 3/10 - Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
H01F 27/26 - Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
An inverter includes a battery terminal configured to connect to an electrical storage unit, a load terminal configured to connect to at least one electrical-energy consumer, and a grid terminal configured to connect to a superordinate distribution grid. The inverter also includes a bidirectional inverter bridge connected to the battery terminal, a first switching circuit, and a second switching circuit. The first switching circuit is arranged between the bidirectional inverter bridge and the second switching circuit, and the second switching circuit is arranged between the first switching circuit and the grid terminal. The first switching circuit is configured to enter a first state without a holding current and to switch into a second state with a holding current, and the second switching circuit is configured to be switched over between the first and second states by a signal.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02M 7/797 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and analysing of electricity; software for the energy sector; mobile apps for the energy sector; electrical indicators for use in the energy sector; data processing apparatus for use in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation for generating energy; systems, apparatus and instruments for the production and/or storage of electrical energy, hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy. (1) Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in the energy sector; compiling trade information in the energy sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of contractual trade services with third parties in the energy sector; advising on the execution of commercial contracts in the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and services in the energy sector; advisory services relating to commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail services, including via the internet, related to products and services for the energy sector; assistance and consultancy services with regard to business management of companies in the energy sector; organisational and business consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field of energy management; writing of business project studies in the energy sector; business project management services in the energy sector; business project management in the energy sector.
(2) Financial project management in the energy sector; project financing in the energy sector; financial advice and consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the provision of finance in the energy sector; consultancy concerning financing of energy projects; financial consultancy service in the energy sector; brokerage of financial investments in energy companies; consultancy services relating to the financing of civil works and infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector.
(3) Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; maintenance work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; repair work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; assembly work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; cleaning services in the energy sector; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and repair of energy-saving devices, installation, apparatus and instruments; installation, maintenance and repair of power generation equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments; project management in the energy sector [construction supervision].
(4) Energy production.
(5) Technical regulation and monitoring of energy systems in the field of electrical energy; technical remote monitoring of energy systems; recording data regarding energy consumption in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector; technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy production and energy use by third parties; technological consulting in the energy sector; advisory services in the field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency; technical verification of the efficient use of energy; technical advice on energy systems; technological analysis in the energy sector; online computer services in the energy sector, namely technical advice; engineering services for energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of energy technology; technical monitoring including management of energy flows; operation of energy management systems, namely technical monitoring and regulation of energy flows; engineering project management services in the energy sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance, data back-up services and updates regarding software and mobile apps in the energy sector; preparation of technical project studies in the energy sector.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; recorded and downloadable software for the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; recorded and downloadable mobile applications being software for the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; electrical indicators for use in the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling electrical current flow; data processing apparatus for use in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation for generating energy, namely, solar modules for the production of electricity; systems, apparatus and instruments for the production and/or storage of electrical energy, hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy, namely accumulators, electric storage batteries, battery chargers, solar-powered rechargeable batteries and renewable battery system to provide backup power Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in the energy sector; compiling trade information for business purposes in the energy sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of contractual trade services with third parties in the energy sector; advising for business purposes on the execution of commercial contracts in the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and services in the energy sector, namely, planning and conducting trade fairs, exhibitions and presentations for economic or advertising purposes; business advisory services relating to commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail services, including via the internet, related to products and services for the energy sector, namely, retail store services featuring apparatus and instruments for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; assistance and consultancy services with regard to business management of companies in the energy sector; business organizational and business consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field of energy management; writing of business project studies in the energy sector, namely, preparation and writing of business project studies in the nature of business analysis, information services and market research in the energy sector; business project management services in the energy sector; business project management in the energy sector Financial project management in the energy sector; project financing in the energy sector; financial advice and consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the provision of finance in the energy sector; financial consultancy concerning financing of energy projects; financial consultancy service in the energy sector; Brokerage of financial investments in energy companies; financial consultancy services relating to the financing of civil works and infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment, apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity, and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; maintenance work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; repair work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; assembly work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; cleaning services in the energy sector, namely, cleaning of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and repair of energy-saving devices, installations, apparatus and instruments for energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; installation, maintenance and repair of power generation equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments; construction project management in the energy sector Energy production Technical electronic monitoring of energy systems in the field of electrical energy using computers, recorded and downloadable software, mobile applications or sensors; technical remote monitoring of energy systems to ensure proper functioning; recording data for others on optical, digital and magnetic media for electronic storage, namely, data regarding energy consumption in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector; technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy production and energy use by third parties, namely, energy auditing; technological consulting in the energy sector; engineering advisory services in the field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency; technical verification of energy systems to improve the efficient use of energy; technological advice on energy systems, namely, advice in the fields of optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; technological analysis in the energy sector, namely, in the field of renewable energy sources, hydrogen and alternative sources of electrical energy; online computer services in the energy sector, namely, technological advice relating to optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; engineering services for energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of energy technology; technical monitoring of energy flows for optimizing energy flows and for quality control purposes; technical monitoring of energy flows for optimizing energy flows and for quality control purposes; engineering project management services in the energy sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance, electronic data back-up services and updates regarding software and mobile application software in the energy sector; preparation of technical project studies in the energy sector, namely, conducting engineering studies for optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector
63.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYSER AND A FUEL CELL BY MEANS OF A COMMON CONVERTER, APPARATUS AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
0,EL0,FC0,EL0,FC0,EL0,FCDC0,ELDC0,FC0,FC), wherein power is drawn from the fuel cell (31) and fed to the network (20). An apparatus and an electrolysis system for carrying out the method are also described.
Indian institute of Technology, Madras (IIT Madras ) (India)
Danfoss Power Electronics A/S (Denmark)
Inventor
Gopalan, Seshadri
Kumar, Dinesh
Vasudevan, Krishna
Abstract
The invention discloses systems (100) and methods (200, 300) for reducing the effect of even-order harmonics in supply voltage on the DC side components in AC-DC converters having any kind of controlled power electronic switches or their combinations. The method involves modifying the time of firing the various switches (112, 114) through a control logic arrives at through either measuring or estimating the DC bus voltage or the input AC voltage. The proposed control methods are useful in ASDs where full bridge configuration is used for AC to DC conversion. The proposed control may also be used in ASDs where a half bridge rectifier system is used. The proposed method reduces the stress on the DC bus capacitor and increases the lifetime of the capacitor. It further reduces the peak current through the device, which reduces stress on the rectifier components. It also reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi) of the line current.
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 7/10 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
converting, storing, regulating and controlling of
electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and
analysing of electricity; software for the energy sector;
mobile apps for the energy sector; electrical indicators for
use in the energy sector; data processing apparatus for use
in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation
for generating energy; systems, apparatus and instruments
for the production and/or storage of electrical energy,
hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy. Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and
conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in
the energy sector; compiling trade information in the energy
sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of
contractual trade services with third parties in the energy
sector; advising on the execution of commercial contracts in
the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for
the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services
in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional
purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and
services in the energy sector; advisory services relating to
commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail
services, including via the internet, related to products
and services for the energy sector; assistance and
consultancy services with regard to business management of
companies in the energy sector; organisational and business
consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field
of energy management; writing of business project studies in
the energy sector; business project management services in
the energy sector; business project management in the energy
sector. Financial project management in the energy sector; project
financing in the energy sector; financial advice and
consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the
provision of finance in the energy sector; consultancy
concerning financing of energy projects; financial
consultancy service in the energy sector; brokerage of
financial investments in energy companies; consultancy
services relating to the financing of civil works and
infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector. Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus
and instruments in the energy sector; maintenance work of
equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the
energy sector; repair work of equipment, installations,
apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; assembly
work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments
in the energy sector; cleaning services in the energy
sector; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and
repair of energy-saving devices, installation, apparatus and
instruments; installation, maintenance and repair of power
generation equipment, installations, apparatus and
instruments; project management in the energy sector
[construction supervision]. Energy production. Technical regulation and monitoring of energy systems in the
field of electrical energy; technical remote monitoring of
energy systems; recording data regarding energy consumption
in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector;
technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy
production and energy use by third parties; technological
consulting in the energy sector; advisory services in the
field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency;
technical verification of the efficient use of energy;
technical advice on energy systems; technological analysis
in the energy sector; online computer services in the energy
sector, namely technical advice; engineering services for
energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of
energy technology; technical monitoring including management
of energy flows; operation of energy management systems,
namely technical monitoring and regulation of energy flows;
engineering project management services in the energy
sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance,
data back-up services and updates regarding software and
mobile apps in the energy sector; preparation of technical
project studies in the energy sector.
66.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING A FAULT CURRENT IN A PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTER COMPRISING THE DEVICE
The disclosure is directed to a detection device for detecting a fault current (Ifault) at a PV generator and/or at DC lines of a PV installation assigned to the PV generator. The PV generator has at least one first PV string and a second PV string, which are connected to a PV inverter of the PV installation via in each case two DC lines. In this case, the detection device has at least one current transformer and an evaluation circuit connected to the at least one current transformer. The current transformer can be used jointly by the first PV string and the second PV string, wherein a measurement signal of the jointly usable current transformer represents a difference between a first summation current (Isum,1) flowing from the first PV string towards the ground potential (PE) and a second summation current (Isum,2) flowing from the second PV string towards the ground potential (PE). The fault current (Ifault), when it arises, is a part of the first summation current (Isum,1) and/or the second summation current (Isum,2). The disclosure also includes a PV inverter having a corresponding detection device and also a method for detecting a fault current (Ifault).
A method for stabilizing a DC voltage in a DC grid that includes a DC bus connected to a higher-order grid and to which an energy generating system and at least one load are connected. A variable electric grid output is exchanged between the DC bus and the higher-order grid in order to keep the DC voltage in the DC bus at a nominal voltage. The energy generating system includes a PV generator connected to the DC bus via a DC-to-DC converter and which exchanges an electric generator output with the DC bus. In a normal operating mode, the generator output is set to a normal operating output by the DC-to-DC converter on the basis of an MPP output of the PV generator. In a grid support mode, the generator output is set to a grid support output on the basis of the DC voltage in the DC bus in order to counteract a power imbalance between the electric power supplied in total to the DC bus and the power drawn in total from the DC bus.
A method of detecting a serial arc fault in a DC-power circuit includes injecting an RF-signal with a narrow band-width into the DC-power circuit and measuring a response signal related to the injected RF-signal in the DC-power circuit. The method further includes determining a time derivative of the response signal, analyzing the time derivative, and signaling an occurrence of a serial arc fault in the power circuit based on the results of the analysis. A system for detecting an arc fault is configured to perform a method as described before.
The disclosure relates to an inverter including a first bridge branch with a first phase output, a second bridge branch with a second phase output, a third bridge branch with a third phase output, wherein the phase outputs of the bridge branches can each be connected to a phase conductor of a three-phase power distribution network. The inverter is configured, in a normal operating mode of the three-phase power distribution network and/or of a higher-level power supply network connected thereto, to connect the phase outputs to the relevant phase conductor and, in the event of a fault in the three-phase power distribution network and/or in the higher-level power supply network connected thereto, to disconnect the three-phase power distribution network from the higher-level power supply network via a network disconnector, to disconnect the first phase output from the first phase conductor by means of a switching unit and to connect same to a neutral conductor of the three-phase power distribution network, and to establish a neutral potential for the neutral conductor via the first bridge branch. The disclosure further relates to a method for operating an inverter of this kind.
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and analysing of electricity; software for the energy sector; mobile apps for the energy sector; electrical indicators for use in the energy sector; data processing apparatus for use in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation for generating energy; systems, apparatus and instruments for the production and/or storage of electrical energy, hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy. (1) Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in the energy sector; compiling trade information in the energy sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of contractual trade services with third parties in the energy sector; advising on the execution of commercial contracts in the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and services in the energy sector; advisory services relating to commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail services, including via the internet, related to products and services for the energy sector; assistance and consultancy services with regard to business management of companies in the energy sector; organisational and business consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field of energy management; writing of business project studies in the energy sector; business project management services in the energy sector; business project management in the energy sector.
(2) Financial project management in the energy sector; project financing in the energy sector; financial advice and consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the provision of finance in the energy sector; consultancy concerning financing of energy projects; financial consultancy service in the energy sector; brokerage of financial investments in energy companies; consultancy services relating to the financing of civil works and infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector.
(3) Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; maintenance work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; repair work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; assembly work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector; cleaning services in the energy sector; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and repair of energy-saving devices, installation, apparatus and instruments; installation, maintenance and repair of power generation equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments; project management in the energy sector [construction supervision].
(4) Energy production.
(5) Technical regulation and monitoring of energy systems in the field of electrical energy; technical remote monitoring of energy systems; recording data regarding energy consumption in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector; technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy production and energy use by third parties; technological consulting in the energy sector; advisory services in the field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency; technical verification of the efficient use of energy; technical advice on energy systems; technological analysis in the energy sector; online computer services in the energy sector, namely technical advice; engineering services for energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of energy technology; technical monitoring including management of energy flows; operation of energy management systems, namely technical monitoring and regulation of energy flows; engineering project management services in the energy sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance, data back-up services and updates regarding software and mobile apps in the energy sector; preparation of technical project studies in the energy sector.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
36 - Financial, insurance and real estate services
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity; apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; recorded and downloadable software for the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; recorded and downloadable mobile applications being software for the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; electrical indicators for use in the energy sector for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling electrical current flow; data processing apparatus for use in the energy sector; inverters; photovoltaic installation for generating energy, namely, solar modules for the production of electricity; systems, apparatus and instruments for the production and/or storage of electrical energy, hydrogen or alternative sources of electrical energy, namely accumulators, electric storage batteries, battery chargers, solar-powered rechargeable batteries and renewable battery system to provide backup power Direct marketing in the energy sector; negotiation and conclusion of commercial transactions for third parties in the energy sector; compiling trade information for business purposes in the energy sector; sales promotion in the energy sector; arranging of contractual trade services with third parties in the energy sector; advising for business purposes on the execution of commercial contracts in the energy sector; procurement of contracts for others for the purchase and sale of goods and the provision of services in the energy sector; demonstration of goods for promotional purposes in the energy sector; presentations of goods and services in the energy sector, namely, planning and conducting trade fairs, exhibitions and presentations for economic or advertising purposes; business advisory services relating to commercial transactions in the energy sector; retail services, including via the internet, related to products and services for the energy sector, namely, retail store services featuring apparatus and instruments for monitoring, regulating, optimizing and controlling energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; assistance and consultancy services with regard to business management of companies in the energy sector; business organizational and business consulting in the creation of solution packages in the field of energy management; writing of business project studies in the energy sector, namely, preparation and writing of business project studies in the nature of business analysis, information services and market research in the energy sector; business project management services in the energy sector; business project management in the energy sector Financial project management in the energy sector; project financing in the energy sector; financial advice and consultancy services in the energy sector; arranging the provision of finance in the energy sector; financial consultancy concerning financing of energy projects; financial consultancy service in the energy sector; Brokerage of financial investments in energy companies; financial consultancy services relating to the financing of civil works and infrastructure projects relating to the energy sector Installation services of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment, apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity, and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; maintenance work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; repair work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; assembly work of equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments in the energy sector, namely, of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; cleaning services in the energy sector, namely, cleaning of renewable energy generation equipment including apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, converting, storing, regulating and controlling of electricity and apparatus and instruments for measuring and analyzing of electricity; laying of cable; installation, maintenance and repair of energy-saving devices, installations, apparatus and instruments for energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; installation, maintenance and repair of power generation equipment, installations, apparatus and instruments; construction project management in the energy sector Energy production Technical electronic monitoring of energy systems in the field of electrical energy using computers, recorded and downloadable software, mobile applications or sensors; technical remote monitoring of energy systems to ensure proper functioning; recording data for others on optical, digital and magnetic media for electronic storage, namely, data regarding energy consumption in buildings; conducting measurements in the energy sector; technical analysis in relation to energy supply, energy production and energy use by third parties, namely, energy auditing; technological consulting in the energy sector; engineering advisory services in the field of energy saving, energy use and energy efficiency; technical verification of energy systems to improve the efficient use of energy; technological advice on energy systems, namely, advice in the fields of optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; technological analysis in the energy sector, namely, in the field of renewable energy sources, hydrogen and alternative sources of electrical energy; online computer services in the energy sector, namely, technological advice relating to optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector; engineering services for energy supply systems; engineering services in the field of energy technology; technical monitoring of energy flows for optimizing energy flows and for quality control purposes; technical monitoring of energy flows for optimizing energy flows and for quality control purposes; engineering project management services in the energy sector; development, design, implementation, maintenance, electronic data back-up services and updates regarding software and mobile application software in the energy sector; preparation of technical project studies in the energy sector, namely, conducting engineering studies for optimizing energy production, energy needs and energy consumption in the energy sector
72.
METHOD FOR EXTENDING A VOLTAGE RANGE OF A RECTIFIER, RECTIFIER FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
A method and related apparatus for extending a DC voltage range of a rectifier circuit for the supply, from an AC grid, of a DC load which is connected to a DC rectifier output of the rectifier circuit, wherein an AC rectifier input of the rectifier circuit is connected via a grid connection point to the AC grid, wherein the rectifier circuit includes an AC/DC converter having an AC input and a DC output, wherein the AC/DC converter includes a converter circuit having semiconductor switches and freewheeling diodes connected in an antiparallel arrangement thereto, wherein an inductance is connected between the AC input of the AC/DC converter and the grid connection point. The method includes setting a desired DC operating voltage UDOC,soll on the DC output of the AC/DC converter or on the DC rectifier output, or both, by an actuation of semiconductor switches of the AC/DC converter, wherein, when the desired DC operating voltage UDC,soll lies below a value of an amplitude Û4 of an alternating voltage on the AC input of the AC/DC converter, the semiconductor switches of the AC/DC converter are actuated for an exchange of reactive power Q1(t) with the AC grid, which has a voltage-lowering effect upon the amplitude Û4 of the AC voltage at the AC input of the AC/DC converter, such that the amplitude Û4 approaches the desired DC operating voltage UDC,soll, and wherein the exchange of the reactive power Q1(t) with the AC grid is executed during or shortly before an electrical connection or an electrical isolation of the DC load to or from the rectifier circuit.
H02M 7/219 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
C25B 9/65 - Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
73.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYZER, CONNECTION CIRCUIT, RECTIFIER CIRCUIT, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
The application describes a method for operating an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen from water using an electrolysis reaction, supplied with power from an AC grid via an actively controlled rectifier circuit. The method includes operating the electrolyzer in a normal operating mode with an input voltage UEI above a no-load voltage ULL with predominantly ohmic behavior, operating the electrolyzer in a standby operating mode with an input voltage UEI below the no-load voltage ULL with predominantly capacitive behavior, and transitioning from the standby operating mode to the normal operating mode during a first transition duration Δt1, wherein the first transition duration Δt1 is reduced by keeping the input voltage UEI at the electrolyzer input during the standby operating mode above a first voltage threshold value UTH,1 different from 0 V. The application furthermore describes a connection circuit, an actively controlled rectifier circuit and an electrolysis system for performing the method.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
The invention relates to a method for operating an inverter (100) with a DC input and an AC output. The DC input can be connected to a DC source (10), bridge branches (125) of a bridge circuit (110) are connected to the AC output via power chokes (L1ac, L1ac_a, L1ac_b, L2ac, L2ac_a, L2ac_b,L3ac, L3ac_a, L3ac_b), and the AC output can be connected to an AC grid (20, 30) via isolating switches (GR), wherein the inverter (100) is designed to feed electric power to the AC grid (20, 30). The method has the steps of: - opening the isolating switches (GR), and - actuating semiconductor switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) of at least two bridge branches (125) of the bridge circuit (110), said bridge branches being connected behind at least one power choke (L1ac, L1ac_a, L1ac_b, L2ac, L2ac_a, L2ac_b, L3ac, L3ac_a, L3ac_b) from the AC side such that a DC source (10) connected to the DC input is loaded, wherein the sum of the totality of currents flowing from at least one of the at least two bridge branches (125) on the AC side corresponds to the sum of the totality of currents flowing into at least one other bridge branch of the at least two bridge branches (125) on the AC side. The invention additionally relates to an inverter.
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
The application describes a DC bus bar (13) for electrically connecting to a DC link of a power converter, comprising a first and a second positive bar (3) and a first and a second negative bar (4), the positive and negative bars (3, 4) each running parallel to each other, and comprising a first clip (2), which is designed to bring the first and second positive bars (3, 4) to a common first electric potential, and a second clip (2), which is designed to bring the first and second negative bars (3, 4) to a common second electric potential, the first and second positive bars (3) being provided for being electrically connected to a first terminal (8) of a first part of the DC link and to a first terminal (8) of a second part of the DC link, and the first and second negative bars (4) being provided for being electrically connected to a second terminal (8) of the first part of the DC link and to a second terminal (8) of the second part of the DC link. The application also describes an assembly, comprising a DC bus bar (13) and a power converter, and a switchgear cabinet (1).
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
H01R 25/16 - Rails or bus-bars provided with a plurality of discrete connecting locations for counterparts
H02B 1/20 - Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards
The invention relates to an operating method for an inverter (2) which is connected on the AC side to an AC power supply network (15), in which method measurement variables detected by the inverter (2) in its interior are monitored and controlled in order to comply with limit values (42) of these measurement variables, said limit values limiting wear (40) of the inverter (2). The operating method according to the invention makes it possible to operate the inverter in a particularly flexible manner in order to optimise the use of the inverter within its service life. To this end, a controller (22) of the inverter (2) controls the limit values (42) in a closed-loop manner depending on a parameter (32) that represents a current feed-in tariff.
G06Q 30/02 - Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
A device for current determination includes a shunt and a device for temperature measurement including a printed circuit board, an evaluation unit and a temperature sensor. The printed circuit board has a milled groove which runs spirally around the temperature sensor, so that the temperature sensor is arranged on a printed circuit board plateau defined by the milled groove and is displaceable in a direction that is parallel to a normal vector of a plane defined by the printed circuit board. When the temperature sensor is displaced relative to the plane of the printed circuit board, a restoring force is brought about between the printed circuit board and the temperature sensor, wherein the shunt includes a resistance region having a substantially flat surface, wherein the device for current determination is arranged in the resistance region on the surface of the shunt in such a way that the temperature sensor is arranged in thermal connection with the resistance region of the shunt, wherein voltage taps are arranged on both sides of the temperature sensor and electrically contact the surface of the shunt in order to detect a potential difference along the resistance region.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
L1L2L3RSTL1L2L3L1L2L3RSTL1L2L3RSTL1L2L3L3(t)) detected on the respective phase conductor (L1, L2, L3) is minimal with respect to the property of the time curves. The invention additionally relates to a device which is suitable for and which is designed to carry out the method.
The disclosure relates to a method for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy from an industrial DC network. The method having includes establishing a connection between an energy storage and the industrial DC network and transferring electrical energy from the DC network to the energy storage. When the connection is established between the energy storage and the industrial DC network, a connection between the energy storage and the consumer device is disconnected and the consumer remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The method also includes establishing a connection between the consumer device and the energy storage and transferring electrical energy from the storage energy storage to the consumer device. When the connection is established between the consumer device and the energy storage, a connection between the energy storage and the industrial DC network is disconnected and the consumer device remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The disclosure also relates to a system and an apparatus for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy.
B60L 53/10 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
Method for reducing regenerated energy and reversal stress in a reciprocating load powered by an electric motor by modulating motor speed using a variable frequency drive and variable frequency drive provided for performing the method
The present disclosure refers to a method for controlling the speed of a reciprocating load motor, wherein the motor speed is a function of two input variables, namely a user defined speed set-point and a load dependent input variable. According to the disclosure, the load dependent input variable is a function of the motor current. The disclosure also refers to a variable frequency drive for controlling the speed of a reciprocating load motor, wherein the drive is programmed to perform the presently described method.
In large PV power plants, grounding of individual PV modules may lead to problems. The present invention overcomes such problems. The basis for the invention is a PV power plant comprising one or more PV generators, each comprising a PV string and an inverter with a DC input and an AC output. The PV string comprises at least one PV module and is electrically connected to the DC input of the inverter. The inverter comprises means for controlling the DC potential at the DC input depending on the DC potential at the AC output. The AC outputs of the inverters are coupled in parallel. The novel feature of the invention is that the PV power plant further comprises an offset voltage source, which controls the DC potential at the AC outputs. Thereby, the DC potential at the DC input will be indirectly controlled, and it is thus possible to ensure that the potentials with respect to ground at the terminals of the PV modules are all non-negative or all non-positive without grounding the PV modules. Ground loops can be avoided, and there is no need for the use of transformer-based inverters.
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
82.
METHOD FOR THE STARTING OF AN ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
The invention relates to a method for the starting of an electrolysis system (50), comprising an electrolyzer (22) and a supply unit (10), which operates as a rectifier. The supply unit (10) has an AC terminal (11) connected to an AC grid (30), a DC terminal (12) connected to the electrolyzer (22), and an AC-DC converter (3) disposed between the AC terminal (11) and the DC terminal (12). The method comprises the steps of: - charging an output capacitor (4), which is connected to a DC converter terminal (3.2) of the AC-DC converter (3), by operating the electroyzer (22) in a reverse mode as a DC voltage source, while the AC-DC converter (3) is in a state in which it is connected to the electrolyzer (22) and disconnected from the AC grid (30), - connecting the AC-DC converter (3) to the AC grid (30), - reversing the operation of the electrolyzer (22) from the reverse mode to a normal mode as a DC load, wherein, during the reversing of the operation, a power flow between the AC grid (30) and the electrolyzer (22) is completely or at least largely suppressed, and - operating the electrolyzer (22) in the normal mode as a DC load with electrical power which is drawn from the AC grid (30) by means of the supply unit (10) and which is rectified by means of the AC-DC converter (3). The invention also relates to an electrolysis system (50).
A busbar (11, 14) for measuring a direct and/or alternating current, in particular with current intensities of greater than 100 amperes, has connection regions (11a) and at least one resistance region (11b) which is arranged between the connection regions (11a) and has two measuring contacts (12) arranged in the resistance region (11b), wherein the busbar (11, 14) has a geometry in which the regions of the measuring contacts (12) are substantially deenergized during operation of the busbar (11, 14), wherein the busbar (11, 14) is formed in one piece. An apparatus (10) for determining current and having such a busbar (11, 14) and a power converter having such an apparatus are also disclosed.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
84.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM, DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING ELECTRICAL POWER IN AN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM, AND ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for operating an energy supply system (10), wherein a first and a second DC unit (22, 26, 28) exchange power with an AC bus (20) by means of a first and a second power converter (12, 14, 16, 18), respectively. With transmission by means of a transformer (32), this power is then combined and is converted, by means of a third power converter (34), into a DC grid power of a DC grid (30) and/or vice versa. At least the first DC unit (22) is in the form of an energy generation unit, more particularly a PV system having at least one PV generator (24). A frequency and an amplitude of the AC voltage and/or of the AC current on the AC bus (20) are set. The third power converter (34) sets the frequency on the AC bus (20) in accordance with the DC grid power and, to set the AC voltage and/or the AC current, sets the DC grid power in accordance with the AC bus power. The invention also relates to a device for exchanging electrical power in an energy supply system (10) and to a corresponding energy supply system (10).
A circuit arrangement for balancing a split DC link arranged between a first DC-voltage terminal and a second DC-voltage terminal is disclosed. The first DC-voltage terminal is connected via a first semiconductor switch to a first intermediate point that is connected via a second semiconductor switch to a bridge center point that is connected via a third semiconductor switch to a second intermediate point that is connected via a fourth semiconductor switch to the second DC-voltage terminal. A first terminal of a resonant capacitor is connected to the first intermediate point, and a second terminal of the resonant capacitor is connected to a DC-link center point via a connecting path, in which a resonant inductor is arranged in a series circuit with the third semiconductor switch, and which runs via the second intermediate point. An additional winding is magnetically coupled to the resonant inductor and a first terminal thereof is connected via a first diode to a first terminal of a countervoltage source, and a second terminal thereof is connected to a second terminal of the countervoltage source so that an energy coupled into the additional winding from the resonant inductor is discharged into the countervoltage source.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
86.
FAIL-SAFE OPERATING METHOD FOR A DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION PLANT
A fail-safe operating method for a decentralized power generation plant DG includes determining a leakage capacitance of a generator of the DG before connecting the DG. The method also includes comparing the determined leakage capacitance with a predetermined first limit value, and connecting the DG to a grid only if the determined leakage capacitance is smaller than the predetermined first limit value. A decentralized power generation plant is configured to perform the method.
Disclosed is an electrical unit with a first port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-grid, a second port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-load, and a third port to be operatively connected to an AC-side of a first inverter. The electrical unit includes a first choke arranged between the third port and the second port. The electrical unit is configured to transfer electrical power provided by the first inverter from the third port via the first choke to the second port. The electrical unit is configured to provide grid-forming electrical power to the second port in case of disconnection from the AC-grid at the first port. Further disclosed is a backup power system and a method for operating a backup power system.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
88.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A SHORT-CIRCUIT-PROTECTED SUPPLY SYSTEM, AND SHORT-CIRCUIT-PROTECTED SUPPLY SYSTEM
The application relates to a method for operating a short-circuit-protected supply system (10) for supplying a DC grid (14) from an AC grid (12), the supply system (10) comprising: - an active rectifier (20) with sinusoidal filter chokes (20.1) which are upstream on the AC side, - a precharging device and - a short-circuit protection device, and the short-circuit protection device being designed to conduct a short-circuit current occurring because of a fault in the DC grid from the AC grid (12) into the DC grid (14) in such a way that the active rectifier (20) is bypassed. The method comprises the following steps for starting the supply system (10): a) precharging the DC grid (14) by means of the precharging device (39, 41), the active rectifier (20) being connected, on the DC side, to the DC grid (14), b) establishing a connection of the active rectifier (20), on the AC side, to the AC grid (12) at a first time during the precharging at which a voltage of the DC grid (14) exceeds a first threshold value, c) establishing a connection between the AC grid (12) and the DC grid (14) by means of the short-circuit protection device (37, 41) at a second time during the precharging at which the voltage of the DC grid (14) exceeds a second threshold value. The application also relates to a short-circuit-protected supply system (10).
H02H 7/125 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
H02H 9/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
Disclosed is an electrical unit with a first port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-grid, a second port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-load, and a third port to be operatively connected to an AC-side of a first inverter. The electrical unit includes a first choke arranged between the third port and the second port. The electrical unit is configured to transfer electrical power provided by the first inverter from the third port via the first choke to the second port. The electrical unit is configured to provide grid-forming electrical power to the second port in case of disconnection from the AC-grid at the first port. Further disclosed is a backup power system and a method for operating a backup power system.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 9/00 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
90.
METHOD AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR DETECTING AN ARC, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) INVERTER HAVING A CORRESPONDING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT
The disclosure is directed to a method for detecting an arc in a direct-current circuit including a DC load, a DC source supplying the DC load, and a circuit arrangement arranged between the DC source and the DC load. A power flow between the DC source and an output of the circuit arrangement is cyclically interrupted by a switching circuit, such that the power flow is enabled in an active time window with the first period Δt1 and the power flow is suppressed in an inactive time window with the second period Δt2. Detection of a current I characterizing the power flow P and/or a voltage U characterizing the power flow P in two consecutive active time windows and comparison of the detected values of current I and/or voltage U of the active time window with the corresponding detected values from the preceding active time window can signal an arc if these values of the active time window differ from the corresponding values of the preceding active time window by more than a threshold value. The application also describes a circuit arrangement for detecting an arc and a photovoltaic (PV) inverter comprising such a circuit arrangement.
G01R 31/66 - Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
91.
METHOD FOR SUPPLYING A DC LOAD, ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
The disclosure is directed to a method for supplying power to a DC load using an energy conversion system that includes first and second rectifiers and a transformer system. Each of the rectifiers contains an AC-DC converter connected to an AC grid via a separate secondary side of the transformer system. The transformer system provides a first AC voltage having a first voltage amplitude Û1 on the first secondary side and a second AC voltage having a second voltage amplitude Û2 on the second secondary side, wherein a value of the second voltage amplitude Û2 exceeds a corresponding value of the first voltage amplitude Û1. The method includes operating the first rectifier with a first non-zero power flow P1 to supply power to the DC load when an input voltage UDC,load at the input of the DC load falls below a voltage threshold value UTH: wherein a second power flow P2 through the second rectifier is suppressed, and operating the second rectifier with a second non-zero power flow P2 to supply power to the DC load when the input voltage UDC,load at the input of the DC load reaches or exceeds the voltage threshold value UTH. The application likewise discloses an energy conversion system for performing the method and an electrolysis system.
The disclosure describes a method for detecting an arc in a direct-current (DC) circuit comprising a DC load, a DC source supplying the DC load, and a circuit arrangement arranged between the DC source and the DC load. A power flow P between an input and an output of the circuit arrangement is suppressed by means of a switching circuit through cyclical interruption such that the power flow P is enabled in an active time window with the first period Δt1 and the power flow P is suppressed in an inactive time window with the second period Δt2. Via detection of an input current Iin flowing at the input and/or an input voltage Uin applied to the input and comparison of values of the input current Iin and/or input voltage Uin detected in the inactive time window with a current threshold value ITH or a voltage threshold value UTH an arc presence criterion is signaled if the input current Iin detected in the inactive time window falls below the current threshold value ITH and/or the input voltage Uin detected in the inactive time window does not exceed the voltage threshold value UTH. The application also describes a circuit arrangement for detecting an arc and a photovoltaic (PV) inverter including such a circuit arrangement.
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
93.
CHANGEOVER DEVICE, RETROFIT KIT AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER TO A LOAD
A changeover device for selectively supplying power to at least one load from a grid or a bidirectional inverter includes an input having a grid neutral conductor connection and a grid phase conductor connection for connection to the grid. The changeover device further includes a first output having an inverter neutral conductor connection and an inverter phase conductor connection for connecting the bidirectional inverter, a second output having a load neutral conductor connection and a load phase conductor connection for connecting the load and a switching circuit, the actuator of which is connected to an actuator input of the changeover device. The switching circuit includes a first and a second normally closed contact and a normally open contact that are connected in an interconnection to the grid phase conductor connection, the inverter phase conductor connection, and the load phase conductor connection. An associated method is also disclosed.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
94.
METHOD FOR DEFINING AUTHENTICATION DATA OF A USER AT AN ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE, AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE
The invention relates to a method for defining authentication data of a user at an energy conversion device by means of a network connection, the energy conversion device being connected to a grid and to a source, and the method comprising the following steps: - the energy conversion device receiving, by means of the network connection, a request from the user to newly assign authentication data (S1); - the energy conversion device receiving desired authentication data of the user by means of the network connection (S2); - permanently storing the desired authentication data in the energy conversion device for the authentication of the user in the event of subsequent attempts to access the energy conversion device (S4), only on condition that the energy conversion device is disconnected from the connected grid within a first predefined time period (A) after the receipt of the request (S3). The invention also relates to an energy conversion device designed to carry out the method.
G06F 21/45 - Structures or tools for the administration of authentication
G06F 21/81 - Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer by operating on the power supply, e.g. enabling or disabling power-on, sleep or resume operations
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
The invention relates to a power semiconductor assembly (10, 20, 30), comprising a first circuit board (14), a second circuit board (16) and a power semiconductor (12), wherein: the first circuit board (14) is electrically connected to the second circuit board (16), and the power semiconductor (12) is electrically connected to the second circuit board (16); and the first circuit board (14) is mechanically connected to the second circuit board (16) by means of a conductive short-distance connection (18). The invention also relates to an inverter bridge comprising a power semiconductor assembly (10, 20, 30) of this type and to an inverter comprising an inverter bridge of this type.
H05K 1/14 - Structural association of two or more printed circuits
H05K 1/18 - Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
H01L 23/13 - Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the shape
H01L 23/373 - Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device
H01L 23/538 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another the interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips being formed on, or in, insulating substrates
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups , or in a single subclass of ,
The invention relates to a platform (10) for the space-saving configuration of an energy conversion installation (50), wherein skids (30) with converter units (31) of the energy conversion installation (50) are stacked one on top of the other on platforms (10), - wherein the platforms (10) each comprise a frame structure having a storage surface (17) for the skid (30), and have alignment elements (12) on a first side and support posts (13) on a second side of the frame structure, opposite the first side, - wherein the frame structure forms a floor surface (18) which surrounds the storage surface (17), can be walked on by personnel and forms the access to the relevant converter unit (31), and - wherein the platforms (10) interact via the support posts (13) and/or the alignment elements (12) of the platforms (10) such as to create a laterally centred and vertically spaced arrangement of the storage surfaces (17) of the adjacent platforms (10) within the stack (24), and - wherein, in the stacked state, a free space is formed between the storage surfaces (17) of the adjacent platforms (10) in order to receive the converter units (31) arranged on the respective skids (30). The invention further relates to an energy conversion installation.
E04B 1/348 - Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
97.
METHOD FOR LOGGING AN AUTHORISED USER IN TO A DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR TO A DEVICE FOR A POWER GENERATION PLANT, AND POWER GENERATION PLANT WITH DEVICE
The application relates to a method for logging a user (14) in to a device (10) by means of a service gateway (12), wherein access authorisation of the user (14) for the device (10) is stored on the service gateway (12), the method comprising the steps of: - authenticating the user (14) on the service gateway (12), - sending a device access request by the user (14) to the service gateway (12), with specification of an identifier for the device (10), - comparing a device secret stored on the service gateway (12) with a copy of the device secret stored on the device (10) via an SRP protocol, the comparison being performed via a data connection between an access device (16) of the user (14) and the service gateway (12) and a data connection between the access device (16) and the device (10). If the comparison is successful, a session key is agreed upon between the device (10) and the service gateway (12). The application further relates to a power generation plant.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
99.
METHOD FOR INFLUENCING A HARMONIC, REGULATING UNIT, AND INVERTER COMPRISING REGULATING UNIT
The invention relates to a method for influencing a harmonic of an AC signal (9) on the AC side of an inverter (6) which converts electric power between the DC side of the inverter (6) and the AC side of the inverter (6) or vice versa. The power conversion is regulated by means of a controller (14) of the inverter (6), and a compensation signal (17) is added to an actuating variable (15) of the controller (14). The compensation signal (17) has a first and a second compensation parameter (25, 27), wherein the first compensation parameter (25) is designed to influence a first parameter of the harmonic, and the second compensation parameter (27) is designed to influence a second parameter of the harmonic.
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 7/797 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
An inverter with a rated power of at least 3 kVA includes a first assembly which includes a first printed circuit board and a DC/AC converter stage, and a second assembly which includes a second printed circuit board and an EMC filter for the DC/AC converter stage. The first printed circuit board is mounted on a heat sink and lies substantially flat on the heat sink, and the DC/AC converter stage has converter components which comprise power semiconductors, chokes and link circuit capacitors. The chokes and the link circuit capacitors are arranged together on one side of the first printed circuit board, and the heat sink is arranged on the opposite side of the first printed circuit board, and the chokes and/or the power semiconductors are thermally connected to the heat sink via the first printed circuit board and a thermally conductive material arranged between the first printed circuit board and the heat sink. The second printed circuit board is arranged on the side of the first printed circuit board opposite the heat sink, and a metal sheet is arranged between the first assembly and the second assembly, and the second printed circuit board is mounted on the metal sheet.
