The invention relates to a control method for operating an inverter in a power network that is connected to a power supply network via a controllable disconnecting switch. The method comprises the steps, while the disconnecting switch is closed, of operating the inverter in a current-impressing mode, and constantly monitoring the power supply network for a voltage drop. In the event of a voltage drop in the power supply network being detected, the method causes the operating mode of the inverter to be changed to a voltage-setting mode, wherein a provisional voltage that is reduced relative to the normal network voltage is set by the inverter. After a predefined period of time has elapsed after detection of the voltage drop, if the voltage drop in the power supply network persists, the method comprises opening the disconnecting switch and increasing the voltage set by the inverter to the normal network voltage, and, after a predefined period of time has elapsed after detection of the voltage drop, if the failure of the power supply network does not persist, operating the inverter in the current-impressing mode.
H02J 3/12 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif pour règler la tension dans des réseaux à courant alternatif par changement d'une caractéristique de la charge du réseau
H02J 3/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif pour règler la tension dans des réseaux à courant alternatif par changement d'une caractéristique de la charge du réseau par interruption, ou mise en circuit, des charges du réseau, p.ex. charge équilibrée progressivement
H02M 7/48 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande
2.
VOLTAGE-ADJUSTING INVERTER, AND ENERGY-GENERATING PLANT
d, solld, istdd, solld, ist00) by the determined frequency shift. An outer control loop of the inverter is designed to, in an isolated network mode, supply a setpoint value signal to the setpoint value input in accordance with the determined frequency shift. Also provided is an energy-generating plant, which may comprise two such inverters.
H02J 3/46 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de puissance entre les générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 3/48 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de puissance entre les générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de la composante en phase
H02M 7/493 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande les convertisseurs statiques étant agencés pour le fonctionnement en parallèle
3.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH SAFETY DEACTIVATION FUNCTION
maxmax of a substring (10) is lower than a specified danger threshold. The shut-off device (12) is designed to separate a substring (10) from the DC wiring strand (13) after receiving a shut-off signal by means of the power semiconductor switch (18). The invention additionally relates to an assembly comprising a shut-off device (12) and a substring (10) and to an energy generating system.
The invention relates to a method for reducing a current circuit in inverters (WR1, WR2,... WRn) which are connected together in parallel on the DC side and on the AC side and each of which comprises a divided intermediate circuit. The method has the following steps for at least one inverter: - measuring a first and a second intermediate circuit voltage (u_Z+, u_Z-) of a first or second half of the divided intermediate circuit of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), - measuring an AC-side differential current (i_di, i_di1, i_di2,... i_din) of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), - ascertaining the duty cycle (DuCy) in order to adjust an AC-side output voltage of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn) according to an AC target voltage using the intermediate circuit voltages (u_Z+, u_Z-) and the AC-side differential current (i_di), and - adjusting the AC-side output voltage by actuating semiconductor switches of the respective inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn) using the duty cycle (DuCy). The invention additionally relates to a device (10) for producing a current circuit, to an inverter (WR1, WR2,... WRn), and to a system comprising a plurality of inverters.
H02M 7/483 - Convertisseurs munis de sorties pouvant chacune avoir plus de deux niveaux de tension
H02M 7/493 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande les convertisseurs statiques étant agencés pour le fonctionnement en parallèle
The invention relates to a bridge circuit (10) for providing an alternating current at a phase terminal (AC) having a first direct current terminal (DC+) and a second direct current terminal (DC-) for connecting a direct current source or a direct current load, an intermediate circuit (17), and a bridge (11) with bridge switches, which bridge is configured to provide potentials at the direct current terminals (DC+, DC-) at a first bridge output (18a) and a second bridge output (18b) which are clocked independently of one another. A first connection path (15a) and a second connection path extend between the respective bridge outputs (18a) and the phase terminal (AC), wherein each of the connection paths (18a, 18b) has, on the bridge output side, a filter choke (12a, 12b) and the filter chokes (12a, 12b) of the connection paths (15a, 15b) are magnetically coupled to one another. A cut-off relay (13) with a plurality of relay contacts (14) is arranged between the bridge outputs (18a, 18b) and the phase terminal (AC) in such a manner that in each cut-off portion of the connection paths (15a, 15b) at least one of the relay contacts (14) is arranged in each of the connection paths (15a, 15b). Furthermore, the invention relates to an energy conversion system with such a bridge circuit (10).
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 1/12 - Dispositions de réduction des harmoniques d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant alternatif
H02M 7/483 - Convertisseurs munis de sorties pouvant chacune avoir plus de deux niveaux de tension
The invention describes a device (1) for the voltage equalisation of a plurality n of at least two (n≥2) two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3). The device comprises a current-limiting component (10) with an input (10.1) and an output (10.2), and n connection pairs (A) each having a first connection (A1) and a second connection (A2) for connecting the n two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3). Two or more of the first connections (A1) are each connected to the input (10.1) via a first switch (S1) or directly. In addition, two or more of the first connections (A1) are each connected to the output (10.2) via a second switch (S2). The second connections (A2) are connected to a common reference potential GND or are connected in a switchable manner. The device (1) is designed to set switching states of the first switch (S1) and of the second switch (S2) by means of a control unit (9) and/or by means of voltages applied to the first connections (A1) in such a manner that the current-limiting component (10) consumes power in its input (10.1) and not in its output (10.2), and the current-limiting component (10) outputs power from its output (10.2) and not its input (10.1). The invention also describes a method for the voltage equalisation of n two-terminal networks (P1, P2, P3) that can be carried out with the device (1), and a DC power distribution system.
The invention relates to a method for operating a power converter comprising a power electronics circuit, which comprises at least one semiconductor switch, wherein an adjustable transmission ratio between voltages and/or currents is generated at connections on a first side of the switch and on a second side of the switch by means of clocked control of the at least one semiconductor switch, wherein the control of the at least one semiconductor switch comprises a control signal with a clock frequency and an adjustable duty factor, wherein the duty factor has a value in a first value range or in a second value range, wherein the first value range comprises two end values and extends between a minimum value greater than zero and a maximum value less than one, and the second value range comprises the values zero and/or one. By means of an auxiliary variable having a third value range between minus one and one, a duty factor for generating the control signals is varied such that a transition from duty factors with values close to zero or close to one to values of zero or one is improved. A power converter with a control device is configured to carry out the method.
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 1/12 - Dispositions de réduction des harmoniques d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant alternatif
H02M 1/14 - Dispositions de réduction des ondulations d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant continu
H02M 7/5395 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur avec commande automatique de la forme d'onde ou de la fréquence de sortie par modulation de largeur d'impulsions
8.
POWER CONVERTER, METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWER CONVERTER, AND SYSTEM COMPRISING A DC ENERGY SOURCE, A DC NETWORK AND A POWER CONVERTER
The invention relates to a power converter (10) for transmitting electrical power, said power converter comprising: a first side for connection to a DC energy source supply (20); and a second side for connection to a DC network (22), the power converter (10) having a DC/DC controller (12) and a first switching device (14). The DC/DC controller (12) is designed to exchange electrical power between the first and the second side, and the first switching device (14) is designed to connect the first side to the second side in a switchable manner via the DC/DC controller (12). The power converter (10) is designed to disconnect the connection via the first switching device (14) if the DC network (22) is intended for exchanging electrical power with an AC supply network (30), and to establish the connection via the first switching device (14) if no exchange of electrical power with the AC supply network (30) is intended for the DC network (22). The power converter (10) has: a third side for connection to the AC supply network (30); a DC/AC converter (16); and a second switching device (18), wherein the DC/AC converter (16) in conjunction with the DC/DC controller (12) is intended to exchange electrical power between the first side and the third side and the second switching device (18) is designed to connect the third side to the first side in a switchable manner via the DC/AC converter (16) and the DC/DC controller (12).
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
H02J 1/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant continu Équilibrage de la charge dans un réseau
9.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DEFINED STATE OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM, SEPARATING DEVICE, AND POWER CONVERTER
The invention relates to a method for producing a defined state of an electrochemical system (14) which can be connected to an AC/DC converter (12) via a switch disconnector (TS) of a disconnecting device (20) in order to exchange electric power, wherein at least one DC connection (DC+, DC-) of the electrochemical system (14) is connected to the AC/DC converter via the disconnector switch (TS) of the disconnecting device (20). The method has the following step: in a first operating state in which the at least one DC connection (DC+, DC-) is electrically disconnected from the AC/DC converter (12): a) a first switch (S1) of the disconnecting device (20) is closed in order to produce an electric connection between the DC connections (DC+, DC-) of the electrochemical system. The invention additionally relates to a disconnecting device, to a power converter comprising such a disconnecting device, and to an assembly comprising an electrochemical system (14) and such a power cconverter.
H01M 8/04228 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p.ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides pendant le démarrage ou l’arrêt; Dépolarisation ou activation, p.ex. purge; Moyens pour court-circuiter les éléments à combustible défectueux pendant l’arrêt
The invention relates to a method for increasing the service life of converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) in a system (10) comprising an energy source (PV) which is connected to a DC bus (DC+, DC-) together with a DC-to-DC converter (12) comprising the converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). The method comprises the steps of: • establishing a system state in which electrical power of the energy source (PV) is available for which no transmission via the DC-to-DC converter (12) and no output to further participants of the DC bus (DC+, DC-) is provided, and • operating the DC-to-DC converter (12) during the established system state such that power dissipation is generated in the DC-to-DC converter (12) without power being transmitted via the DC-to-DC converter (12). The invention also relates to: a system comprising an energy source (PV) and a DC-to-DC converter having the converter switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4); and an energy-generating system comprising such a system.
H02M 3/158 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec commande automatique de la tension ou du courant de sortie, p.ex. régulateurs à commutation comprenant plusieurs dispositifs à semi-conducteurs comme dispositifs de commande finale pour une charge unique
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02S 50/10 - Tests de dispositifs PV, p.ex. de modules PV ou de cellules PV individuelles
11.
METHOD FOR PRE-MAGNETIZING A MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER, CONTROL UNIT, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for pre-magnetizing a medium voltage transformer (T1) which is designed to carry out a voltage transformation between a medium voltage of a medium voltage grid (MVG) on a medium voltage side of the medium voltage transformer (T1) and a low voltage on a low-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer (T1) and which is connected to an electrolyzer (10) via a rectifier (12) on the low-voltage side. In a first operating state (BZ1), the medium voltage transformer (T1) is separated from the medium voltage grid (MVG), wherein at least one auxiliary assembly (20) of the electrolyzer (10) is supplied with electric energy via an additional energy supply in the first operating state (BZ1), and in the first operating state, the method has the steps of: A1) connecting the low-voltage side to the additional energy supply and A2) pre-magnetizing the medium voltage transformer (T1) using the additional energy supply. The invention additionally relates to a control unit (Ctrl) and an electrolysis system.
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02J 3/40 - Synchronisation d'un générateur pour sa connexion à un réseau ou à un autre générateur
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
H02H 9/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour limiter l'excès de courant ou de tension sans déconnexion
12.
ENERGY SUPPLY DEVICE FOR AN ELECTROLYSIS UNIT AND ELECTROLYSIS INSTALLATION
1233 and is connected to the DC voltage output (16) via a second AC/DC converter. The primary side (2P) and the first secondary-side connection (2S1) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) or the primary side (2P) and the secondary side (2S) of the first multi-winding transformer (2) are in this case each free from any on-load tap changer. The invention additionally describes an electrolysis installation (50) having a corresponding energy supply device (10).
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
A housing of an electrical device for converting electrical power has a main body with a rear wall and side walls and a cover, wherein the cover closes the main body so that a self-contained interior space is created, wherein electrical and electronic components of the electrical device are arranged in the interior space of the housing. The cover is detachably connected to the main body by a cover closure, wherein the cover closure comprises a fastening means (15) and a closure housing (11), wherein the fastening means (15) is rotatably and axially non-displaceably retained in the closure housing (11). The closure housing (15) is fastened to the cover in the geometric centre of the cover. The main body comprises a pin (16) which extends from the rear wall of the housing to the geometric centre of the cover, wherein a connection between the cover and the pin (16) that is releasable by turning the fastening means (15) can be established by means of at least one guide peg (17) of the pin (16) and at least one at least partly helically encircling guide groove (20) of the fastening means (15).
The invention relates to a method for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20) in an energy supply system (10). The energy supply system (10) comprises: - a grid connection point (14) for connecting the energy supply system (10) to an external energy supply grid (12), - the electrical energy store (20), and - an internal circuit (22), which is connected to the electrical energy store (20), for connecting electrical loads, energy-generating units (32, 36, 52) and/or further electrical energy stores. The method comprises: - providing a virtual energy store having a capacitance corresponding to the energy store (20), - subdividing the virtual energy store into at least two separate virtual partial stores (42), - providing at least two virtual energy meters (44) which are each assigned to a virtual partial store (42), - receiving at least two target values for a virtual power exchange value for each virtual partial store (42), - adjusting the actual power exchange value of the energy store (20) on the basis of the sum of the at least two target values, - measuring the virtual power exchange values of the virtual partial stores (42) via the virtual energy meters (44) assigned in each case. The invention also relates to a control device (40) for virtually subdividing an electrical energy store (20), and to an energy supply system (10).
The invention relates to a fire protection device (1) for an energy store. The fire protection device has a housing (2) with at least one fluid-tight outer wall, a storage region (3) and a projection region (4), wherein the storage region (3) contains a fire protection agent, the projection region (4) has a plurality of projections (4a) which are fluidically connected to the storage region (3) and have a casing which is designed such that it melts at a melting temperature and thus allows the fire protection agent to flow out.
A62C 3/16 - Prévention, limitation ou extinction des incendies spécialement adaptées pour des objets ou des endroits particuliers dans les installations électriques, p.ex. chemins de câbles
A62C 35/10 - Réservoirs se brisant ou s'ouvrant sous l'action des flammes ou de la chaleur
H01M 10/42 - Procédés ou dispositions pour assurer le fonctionnement ou l'entretien des éléments secondaires ou des demi-éléments secondaires
H01M 50/204 - Bâtis, modules ou blocs de multiples batteries ou de multiples cellules
H01M 50/609 - Moyens ou procédés pour le remplissage en liquide, p.ex. avec des électrolytes
H01M 50/682 - Récipients pour stockage de liquides; Conduits de refoulement à cet effet logés dans les boîtiers de la batterie ou de la cellule
16.
METHOD AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR ACQUIRING A CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF A PV GENERATOR
The invention relates to a method for acquiring a characteristic curve of a PV generator (2) to be scanned from a plurality of PV generators (2) in a power generation system (10), wherein each of the PV generators (2) is connected, on the output side, via an assigned DC/DC converter (12) in parallel or as a series circuit, to a DC link (14) as the input element of a DC/AC converter (20). The method comprises: a) reducing a cumulative output power (KA) of those DC/DC converters (12), for which the associated PV generators (2) are not intended for acquiring the characteristic curve, as a function of a maximum output power (Pscan) of the DC/DC converter (12) connected to the PV generator (2) to be scanned to be expected during the acquisition of the characteristic curve of the PV generator (2) to be scanned, in order to ensure that the sum of the cumulative output power (KA) and the expected maximum power (Pscan) do not exceed a nominal power (PN) of the DC/AC converter (20), b) subsequently acquiring the characteristic curve of the PV generator (2) to be scanned, c) wherein during the acquisition of the characteristic curve, a voltage (UZK) of the DC link (14) or a current of the series circuit of the DC/DC converters (12) is held constant by the DC/AC converter (20). The application also relates to a circuit arrangement for acquiring a characteristic curve of a PV generator (2) to be scanned.
The invention relates to an island network detection method using a voltage-impressing converter (14), having the steps of: - determining the frequency and the phase of a voltage curve of a sub-network (10) which is connected to a network connection point of the converter (14), - generating a voltage curve using a bridge circuit of the converter (14) with the specified frequency, the phase of the generated voltage curve having a first temporal variation with respect to the determined phase, - determining a correlation between the first temporal variation and a second temporal variation of an output exchanged by the converter (14) with the sub-network (10), and - detecting an island network if the determined correlation undershoots a specified correlation measurement. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding voltage-impressing converter (14).
The invention relates to a device (10) for converting electrical energy between a PV generator (12) and an electrolyser (14), wherein the device has a first side for connecting a PV generator (12) and a second side for connecting an electrolyser (14). The device has an inverter (16) arranged between the first side and a transformer (18), and an active rectifier (20) arranged between the transformer (18) and the second side, such that an AC side of the rectifier (20) and an AC side of the inverter (16) are connected to one another via the transformer (18), wherein the inverter (16) is designed to convert a first DC voltage on the DC side of the inverter (16) into a first AC voltage on the AC side of the inverter (16), wherein the rectifier (20) is designed to convert a second AC voltage on the AC side of the rectifier (20) into a second DC voltage on the DC side of the rectifier (20), wherein the device (10) has a controller which is designed to influence a power flow between the first side and the second side of the device from a connected PV generator (12) to a connected electrolyser (14) by adjusting an AC/DC transformation ratio of the rectifier (20) between the second AC voltage and the second DC voltage. The invention also relates to methods for converting electrical energy.
The present invention discloses a system diagnosis method in an energy management system (1) for electrical energy and at least one additional form of energy. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring (S110; S310) actual values of one or more operating parameters by means of the system diagnosis; comparing (S120; S320) the actual values of the operating parameters with target values of the operating parameters by means of the system diagnosis in order to obtain a deviation; determining (S130; S330), by means of the system diagnosis, whether the deviation of the actual values of the operating parameters from the target values of the operating parameters exceeds a deviation threshold value; if the deviation exceeds the deviation threshold value, establishing (S140; S340, S350, S360, S361) that there is a malfunction and in what part of the energy management system (1) the malfunction occurs; assigning (S160; S370) the malfunction to predefined malfunction groups on the basis of the deviation of the one or more operating parameters; and producing (S170; S380) a notification signal. A corresponding energy management system (1) is also described.
H02J 3/00 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif
H02J 13/00 - Circuits pour pourvoir à l'indication à distance des conditions d'un réseau, p.ex. un enregistrement instantané des conditions d'ouverture ou de fermeture de chaque sectionneur du réseau; Circuits pour pourvoir à la commande à distance des moyens de commutation dans un réseau de distribution d'énergie, p.ex. mise en ou hors circuit de consommateurs de courant par l'utilisation de signaux d'impulsion codés transmis par le réseau
20.
FILTER-CHOKE, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE
The application discloses a filter-choke (10) to be used in an EMI filter comprising: - a closed magnetic core (20) having two core-legs (21, 22), wherein the magnetic core is configured to be assembled out of at least two core-segments (23), - at least two bobbins (30), each bobbin comprising a base flange (31) and a tubular section (32a, 32b) extending in perpendicular direction from the base flange (31), wherein the tubular section (32a, 32b) comprises an opening (33) for receiving one of the two core-legs (21, 22), - a coil (40) formed by an electric conductor (41) having multiple windings arranged around the tubular section (32a, 32b) of each bobbin (30), characterized, in that in an assembled state of the filter-choke (10), the bobbins (30) are arranged in a stacked manner, such that their openings (33) are aligned coaxially to each other, one of the core legs (21, 22) extending through the openings (33), and in that each bobbin (30) comprise at least two first fitting elements (35) arranged on opposite edges (34) of its base flange (31), wherein the first fitting elements (35) of the first bobbin (30) are configured to engage with the first fitting elements (35) of the adjacent second bobbin (30) for releasably fixing the two bobbins (30) together. The application further discloses a method for producing said filter-choke (10) as well as an electrical device comprising said filter-choke (10).
H01F 37/00 - Inductances fixes non couvertes par le groupe
H01F 5/02 - Bobines d'induction enroulées sur des supports non magnétiques, p.ex. mandrins
H01F 27/30 - Fixation ou serrage de bobines, d'enroulements ou de parties de ceux-ci entre eux; Fixation ou montage des bobines ou enroulements sur le noyau, dans l'enveloppe ou sur un autre support
H01F 3/10 - Dispositions composites de circuits magnétiques
H01F 27/26 - Fixation des parties du noyau entre elles; Fixation ou montage du noyau dans l'enveloppe ou sur un support
21.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYSER AND A FUEL CELL BY MEANS OF A COMMON CONVERTER, APPARATUS AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
0,EL0,FC0,EL0,FC0,EL0,FCDC0,ELDC0,FC0,FC), wherein power is drawn from the fuel cell (31) and fed to the network (20). An apparatus and an electrolysis system for carrying out the method are also described.
H02J 3/28 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
C25B 9/65 - Dispositifs pour l'alimentation en courant; Connexions d'électrodes; Connexions électriques intercellulaires
C25B 15/02 - Commande ou régulation des opérations
H01M 8/00 - PROCÉDÉS OU MOYENS POUR LA CONVERSION DIRECTE DE L'ÉNERGIE CHIMIQUE EN ÉNERGIE ÉLECTRIQUE, p.ex. BATTERIES Éléments à combustible; Leur fabrication
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 1/08 - Systèmes à trois fils; Systèmes ayant plus de trois fils
The invention relates to a method for operating an inverter (100) with a DC input and an AC output. The DC input can be connected to a DC source (10), bridge branches (125) of a bridge circuit (110) are connected to the AC output via power chokes (L1ac, L1ac_a, L1ac_b, L2ac, L2ac_a, L2ac_b,L3ac, L3ac_a, L3ac_b), and the AC output can be connected to an AC grid (20, 30) via isolating switches (GR), wherein the inverter (100) is designed to feed electric power to the AC grid (20, 30). The method has the steps of: - opening the isolating switches (GR), and - actuating semiconductor switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) of at least two bridge branches (125) of the bridge circuit (110), said bridge branches being connected behind at least one power choke (L1ac, L1ac_a, L1ac_b, L2ac, L2ac_a, L2ac_b, L3ac, L3ac_a, L3ac_b) from the AC side such that a DC source (10) connected to the DC input is loaded, wherein the sum of the totality of currents flowing from at least one of the at least two bridge branches (125) on the AC side corresponds to the sum of the totality of currents flowing into at least one other bridge branch of the at least two bridge branches (125) on the AC side. The invention additionally relates to an inverter.
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
H02S 40/32 - Composants électriques comprenant un onduleur CC/CA associé au module PV lui-même, p.ex. module CA
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
The application describes a DC bus bar (13) for electrically connecting to a DC link of a power converter, comprising a first and a second positive bar (3) and a first and a second negative bar (4), the positive and negative bars (3, 4) each running parallel to each other, and comprising a first clip (2), which is designed to bring the first and second positive bars (3, 4) to a common first electric potential, and a second clip (2), which is designed to bring the first and second negative bars (3, 4) to a common second electric potential, the first and second positive bars (3) being provided for being electrically connected to a first terminal (8) of a first part of the DC link and to a first terminal (8) of a second part of the DC link, and the first and second negative bars (4) being provided for being electrically connected to a second terminal (8) of the first part of the DC link and to a second terminal (8) of the second part of the DC link. The application also describes an assembly, comprising a DC bus bar (13) and a power converter, and a switchgear cabinet (1).
H02M 7/48 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande
H02M 7/00 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif
H01R 25/16 - Rails ou barres omnibus pourvus de plusieurs points de connexion pour pièces complémentaires
H02B 1/20 - Schémas de barres omnibus ou d'autres fileries, p.ex. dans des armoires, dans les stations de commutation
The invention relates to an operating method for an inverter (2) which is connected on the AC side to an AC power supply network (15), in which method measurement variables detected by the inverter (2) in its interior are monitored and controlled in order to comply with limit values (42) of these measurement variables, said limit values limiting wear (40) of the inverter (2). The operating method according to the invention makes it possible to operate the inverter in a particularly flexible manner in order to optimise the use of the inverter within its service life. To this end, a controller (22) of the inverter (2) controls the limit values (42) in a closed-loop manner depending on a parameter (32) that represents a current feed-in tariff.
G06Q 50/06 - Fourniture d'électricité, de gaz ou d'eau
G06Q 30/02 - Marketing; Estimation ou détermination des prix; Collecte de fonds
G06Q 10/04 - Prévision ou optimisation spécialement adaptées à des fins administratives ou de gestion, p. ex. programmation linéaire ou "problème d’optimisation des stocks"
H02M 7/537 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur
H02M 7/00 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif
25.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ALLOCATING A PHASE CONNECTION OF AN ELECTRIC DEVICE TO A PHASE CONDUCTOR CONNECTED THERETO
L1L2L3RSTL1L2L3L1L2L3RSTL1L2L3RSTL1L2L3L3(t)) detected on the respective phase conductor (L1, L2, L3) is minimal with respect to the property of the time curves. The invention additionally relates to a device which is suitable for and which is designed to carry out the method.
The invention relates to a method for the starting of an electrolysis system (50), comprising an electrolyzer (22) and a supply unit (10), which operates as a rectifier. The supply unit (10) has an AC terminal (11) connected to an AC grid (30), a DC terminal (12) connected to the electrolyzer (22), and an AC-DC converter (3) disposed between the AC terminal (11) and the DC terminal (12). The method comprises the steps of: - charging an output capacitor (4), which is connected to a DC converter terminal (3.2) of the AC-DC converter (3), by operating the electroyzer (22) in a reverse mode as a DC voltage source, while the AC-DC converter (3) is in a state in which it is connected to the electrolyzer (22) and disconnected from the AC grid (30), - connecting the AC-DC converter (3) to the AC grid (30), - reversing the operation of the electrolyzer (22) from the reverse mode to a normal mode as a DC load, wherein, during the reversing of the operation, a power flow between the AC grid (30) and the electrolyzer (22) is completely or at least largely suppressed, and - operating the electrolyzer (22) in the normal mode as a DC load with electrical power which is drawn from the AC grid (30) by means of the supply unit (10) and which is rectified by means of the AC-DC converter (3). The invention also relates to an electrolysis system (50).
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
H01M 8/18 - PROCÉDÉS OU MOYENS POUR LA CONVERSION DIRECTE DE L'ÉNERGIE CHIMIQUE EN ÉNERGIE ÉLECTRIQUE, p.ex. BATTERIES Éléments à combustible; Leur fabrication Éléments à combustible à régénération, p.ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
27.
BUSBAR FOR MEASURING A DIRECT AND/OR ALTERNATING CURRENT
A busbar (11, 14) for measuring a direct and/or alternating current, in particular with current intensities of greater than 100 amperes, has connection regions (11a) and at least one resistance region (11b) which is arranged between the connection regions (11a) and has two measuring contacts (12) arranged in the resistance region (11b), wherein the busbar (11, 14) has a geometry in which the regions of the measuring contacts (12) are substantially deenergized during operation of the busbar (11, 14), wherein the busbar (11, 14) is formed in one piece. An apparatus (10) for determining current and having such a busbar (11, 14) and a power converter having such an apparatus are also disclosed.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications des éléments électriques fondamentaux en vue de leur utilisation dans des appareils de mesures électriques; Combinaisons structurelles de ces éléments avec ces appareils
28.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM, DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING ELECTRICAL POWER IN AN ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM, AND ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for operating an energy supply system (10), wherein a first and a second DC unit (22, 26, 28) exchange power with an AC bus (20) by means of a first and a second power converter (12, 14, 16, 18), respectively. With transmission by means of a transformer (32), this power is then combined and is converted, by means of a third power converter (34), into a DC grid power of a DC grid (30) and/or vice versa. At least the first DC unit (22) is in the form of an energy generation unit, more particularly a PV system having at least one PV generator (24). A frequency and an amplitude of the AC voltage and/or of the AC current on the AC bus (20) are set. The third power converter (34) sets the frequency on the AC bus (20) in accordance with the DC grid power and, to set the AC voltage and/or the AC current, sets the DC grid power in accordance with the AC bus power. The invention also relates to a device for exchanging electrical power in an energy supply system (10) and to a corresponding energy supply system (10).
Disclosed is an electrical unit with a first port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-grid, a second port configured to be operatively connected to an AC-load, and a third port to be operatively connected to an AC-side of a first inverter. The electrical unit includes a first choke arranged between the third port and the second port. The electrical unit is configured to transfer electrical power provided by the first inverter from the third port via the first choke to the second port. The electrical unit is configured to provide grid-forming electrical power to the second port in case of disconnection from the AC-grid at the first port. Further disclosed is a backup power system and a method for operating a backup power system.
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
30.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A SHORT-CIRCUIT-PROTECTED SUPPLY SYSTEM, AND SHORT-CIRCUIT-PROTECTED SUPPLY SYSTEM
The application relates to a method for operating a short-circuit-protected supply system (10) for supplying a DC grid (14) from an AC grid (12), the supply system (10) comprising: - an active rectifier (20) with sinusoidal filter chokes (20.1) which are upstream on the AC side, - a precharging device and - a short-circuit protection device, and the short-circuit protection device being designed to conduct a short-circuit current occurring because of a fault in the DC grid from the AC grid (12) into the DC grid (14) in such a way that the active rectifier (20) is bypassed. The method comprises the following steps for starting the supply system (10): a) precharging the DC grid (14) by means of the precharging device (39, 41), the active rectifier (20) being connected, on the DC side, to the DC grid (14), b) establishing a connection of the active rectifier (20), on the AC side, to the AC grid (12) at a first time during the precharging at which a voltage of the DC grid (14) exceeds a first threshold value, c) establishing a connection between the AC grid (12) and the DC grid (14) by means of the short-circuit protection device (37, 41) at a second time during the precharging at which the voltage of the DC grid (14) exceeds a second threshold value. The application also relates to a short-circuit-protected supply system (10).
H02H 7/125 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour des machines ou appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un chan pour redresseurs pour convertisseurs ou redresseurs statiques pour redresseurs
H02H 9/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour limiter l'excès de courant ou de tension sans déconnexion
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
31.
METHOD FOR DEFINING AUTHENTICATION DATA OF A USER AT AN ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE, AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE
The invention relates to a method for defining authentication data of a user at an energy conversion device by means of a network connection, the energy conversion device being connected to a grid and to a source, and the method comprising the following steps: - the energy conversion device receiving, by means of the network connection, a request from the user to newly assign authentication data (S1); - the energy conversion device receiving desired authentication data of the user by means of the network connection (S2); - permanently storing the desired authentication data in the energy conversion device for the authentication of the user in the event of subsequent attempts to access the energy conversion device (S4), only on condition that the energy conversion device is disconnected from the connected grid within a first predefined time period (A) after the receipt of the request (S3). The invention also relates to an energy conversion device designed to carry out the method.
G06F 21/45 - Structures ou outils d’administration de l’authentification
G06F 21/81 - Protection de composants spécifiques internes ou périphériques, où la protection d'un composant mène à la protection de tout le calculateur en agissant sur l’alimentation, p.ex. en branchant ou en débranchant l’alimentation, les fonctions de mise en veille ou de reprise
G06Q 50/06 - Fourniture d'électricité, de gaz ou d'eau
H02J 13/00 - Circuits pour pourvoir à l'indication à distance des conditions d'un réseau, p.ex. un enregistrement instantané des conditions d'ouverture ou de fermeture de chaque sectionneur du réseau; Circuits pour pourvoir à la commande à distance des moyens de commutation dans un réseau de distribution d'énergie, p.ex. mise en ou hors circuit de consommateurs de courant par l'utilisation de signaux d'impulsion codés transmis par le réseau
The invention relates to a power semiconductor assembly (10, 20, 30), comprising a first circuit board (14), a second circuit board (16) and a power semiconductor (12), wherein: the first circuit board (14) is electrically connected to the second circuit board (16), and the power semiconductor (12) is electrically connected to the second circuit board (16); and the first circuit board (14) is mechanically connected to the second circuit board (16) by means of a conductive short-distance connection (18). The invention also relates to an inverter bridge comprising a power semiconductor assembly (10, 20, 30) of this type and to an inverter comprising an inverter bridge of this type.
H05K 1/14 - Association structurale de plusieurs circuits imprimés
H05K 1/18 - Circuits imprimés associés structurellement à des composants électriques non imprimés
H01L 23/13 - Supports, p.ex. substrats isolants non amovibles caractérisés par leur forme
H01L 23/373 - Refroidissement facilité par l'emploi de matériaux particuliers pour le dispositif
H01L 23/538 - Dispositions pour conduire le courant électrique à l'intérieur du dispositif pendant son fonctionnement, d'un composant à un autre la structure d'interconnexion entre une pluralité de puces semi-conductrices se trouvant au-dessus ou à l'intérieur de substrats isolants
H01L 25/16 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide les dispositifs étant de types couverts par plusieurs des groupes principaux , ou dans une seule sous-classe de , , p.ex. circuit hybrides
H01L 25/18 - Ensembles consistant en une pluralité de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide les dispositifs étant de types prévus dans plusieurs sous-groupes différents du même groupe principal des groupes , ou dans une seule sous-classe de ,
The invention relates to a platform (10) for the space-saving configuration of an energy conversion installation (50), wherein skids (30) with converter units (31) of the energy conversion installation (50) are stacked one on top of the other on platforms (10), - wherein the platforms (10) each comprise a frame structure having a storage surface (17) for the skid (30), and have alignment elements (12) on a first side and support posts (13) on a second side of the frame structure, opposite the first side, - wherein the frame structure forms a floor surface (18) which surrounds the storage surface (17), can be walked on by personnel and forms the access to the relevant converter unit (31), and - wherein the platforms (10) interact via the support posts (13) and/or the alignment elements (12) of the platforms (10) such as to create a laterally centred and vertically spaced arrangement of the storage surfaces (17) of the adjacent platforms (10) within the stack (24), and - wherein, in the stacked state, a free space is formed between the storage surfaces (17) of the adjacent platforms (10) in order to receive the converter units (31) arranged on the respective skids (30). The invention further relates to an energy conversion installation.
E04B 1/348 - Structures composées d'unités comportant au moins des parties importantes des deux côtés d'une pièce, c. à d. unités en forme de boîtes ou de cellules closes ou en forme de carcasses
34.
METHOD FOR LOGGING AN AUTHORISED USER IN TO A DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR TO A DEVICE FOR A POWER GENERATION PLANT, AND POWER GENERATION PLANT WITH DEVICE
The application relates to a method for logging a user (14) in to a device (10) by means of a service gateway (12), wherein access authorisation of the user (14) for the device (10) is stored on the service gateway (12), the method comprising the steps of: - authenticating the user (14) on the service gateway (12), - sending a device access request by the user (14) to the service gateway (12), with specification of an identifier for the device (10), - comparing a device secret stored on the service gateway (12) with a copy of the device secret stored on the device (10) via an SRP protocol, the comparison being performed via a data connection between an access device (16) of the user (14) and the service gateway (12) and a data connection between the access device (16) and the device (10). If the comparison is successful, a session key is agreed upon between the device (10) and the service gateway (12). The application further relates to a power generation plant.
H04L 9/32 - Dispositions pour les communications secrètes ou protégées; Protocoles réseaux de sécurité comprenant des moyens pour vérifier l'identité ou l'autorisation d'un utilisateur du système
H02M 1/15 - Dispositions de réduction des ondulations d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant continu utilisant des éléments actifs
H02M 1/44 - Circuits ou dispositions pour corriger les interférences électromagnétiques dans les convertisseurs ou les onduleurs
H02J 1/02 - Dispositions pour réduire les harmoniques ou les ondulations
H02J 1/10 - Fonctionnement de sources à courant continu en parallèle
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 3/158 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec commande automatique de la tension ou du courant de sortie, p.ex. régulateurs à commutation comprenant plusieurs dispositifs à semi-conducteurs comme dispositifs de commande finale pour une charge unique
36.
METHOD FOR INFLUENCING A HARMONIC, REGULATING UNIT, AND INVERTER COMPRISING REGULATING UNIT
The invention relates to a method for influencing a harmonic of an AC signal (9) on the AC side of an inverter (6) which converts electric power between the DC side of the inverter (6) and the AC side of the inverter (6) or vice versa. The power conversion is regulated by means of a controller (14) of the inverter (6), and a compensation signal (17) is added to an actuating variable (15) of the controller (14). The compensation signal (17) has a first and a second compensation parameter (25, 27), wherein the first compensation parameter (25) is designed to influence a first parameter of the harmonic, and the second compensation parameter (27) is designed to influence a second parameter of the harmonic.
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 1/12 - Dispositions de réduction des harmoniques d'une entrée ou d'une sortie en courant alternatif
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
37.
AUTONOMOUS DISCHARGING CIRCUIT FOR DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR
The application describes a discharging circuit (100) for discharging a capacitor (1), comprising - an input (101) for the electrical connection of the capacitor (1), - a transistor (3), the drain terminal (3D) of which is connected by way of a discharging resistor (2) to a first input terminal (101a) and the source terminal (3S) of which is connected to the second input terminal (101b), - a gate charging resistor (9), which connects the first input terminal (101a) to a gate terminal (3G) of the transistor (3), - a thermistor (4), which is thermally coupled to the discharging resistor (2) and/or the transistor (3), and - a switch (6), which connects the gate terminal (3G) to the second input terminal (101b), and - a trigger circuit (5), which is designed to control the switch (6) in dependence on a temperature of the thermistor (4). The discharging circuit (100) is designed to be supplied from a voltage applied to the input terminals (101a, 101b), wherein - the switch (6) and/or a combination of the trigger circuit (5) and the switch (6) is set up to change the switching state of the switch (6) abruptly from the blocking switching state to the conducting switching state, in order to generate a transient change from a first operating state BZ1 of the discharging circuit (100) when the transistor (3) is turned on into a second operating state BZ2 of the discharging circuit (100) when the transistor (3) is turned off. The application also discloses a method for discharging a capacitor as well as an electrical device with such a discharging circuit.
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 1/08 - Circuits spécialement adaptés à la production d'une tension de commande pour les dispositifs à semi-conducteurs incorporés dans des convertisseurs statiques
INVVIINVpccINVINV) at the AC connection (14) above a definable current limit value is recognised during a time period which exceeds a definable first time period: changing to the second mode of operation with adapted control and operating the inverter (10) in the second mode of operation, and raising the threshold value (SW). The application also describes an inverter.
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02M 7/48 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande
39.
TRANSFER UNIT, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT A BATTERY-INTERNAL EQUALIZATION PROCESS
The application describes a transfer unit (12), comprising a first DC bus (7), by means of which a plurality of battery racks (1) can be connected to an inverter bridge (9) for a first power exchange with an AC grid (10). The transfer unit (12) has a second DC bus (8), which is connected to the first DC bus (7) by means of a DC-to-DC converter (6), the DC-to-DC converter (6) having a nominal power which is lower than the nominal power of the inverter bridge (9) by at least a factor of 5. The transfer unit (12) is designed to disconnect at least one battery rack (1) of the plurality of battery racks (1) from the first DC bus and to connect said at least one battery rack to the second DC bus (8) in order for a battery-internal equalization process to be carried. The application also describes a system comprising a transfer unit and a method for carrying out a battery-internal equalization process.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING AN INSULATION RESISTANCE OF A DC VOLTAGE SOURCE CONNECTED TO A SPLIT INTERMEDIATE CIRCUIT DURING MAINS PARALLEL OPERATION
To measure an insulation resistance (Riso) of a DC voltage source (7) connected to a split intermediate circuit (2), a midpoint potential of the DC voltage source (7) is shifted by different operation of two voltage controllers (11, 12) by way of which two poles (9, 10) of the DC voltage source (7) are each connected to one of two parts (3, 4) of the split intermediate circuit (2). A change (I_delta), resulting from the shifting of the midpoint potential of the DC voltage source (7), in a difference current over all lines (25, 26; 28, 29) that carry a current flowing via the intermediate circuit (2) from the DC voltage source (7) is measured in the process.
G01R 27/02 - Mesure de résistances, de réactances, d'impédances réelles ou complexes, ou autres caractéristiques bipolaires qui en dérivent, p.ex. constante de temps
G01R 27/18 - Mesure d'une résistance par rapport à la terre
An explosion-proof housing (1) for a power electronics unit comprises a housing pan (2) and a cover (3) that closes the housing pan (2) via a seal, wherein the cover (3) and the housing pan (2) are pressed against each other only at two opposing sides, formed by edge regions of the cover (3) and the housing pan (2), via a plurality of fasteners (4) which can be released by rotation and engage in latching structures. The plurality of fasteners (4) are arranged in a central third (6.2) of the respective sides (6). The explosion-proof housing can be used in particular for a photovoltaic inverter.
A power converter (10) with an inverter (20) that is configured to transform electrical power between a DC-side of the power converter (10) and an AC-side of the power converter (10), includes a first port (12) and a second port (14) arranged on the AC-side and a third port (18) and a fourth port (16) arranged on the DC-side of the power converter (10). The first port (12) is configured to be operatively connected to an AC-grid (22), the second port (14) is configured to be operatively connected to an AC-load (24), the third port (18) is configured to be operatively connected to an external power source, and the fourth port (16) is configured to be operatively connected to a rechargeable DC-power storage (26). The power converter (10) includes a DC/DC-converter (32) arranged between the third port (18) and the inverter (20), which is configured to transfer electrical power provided by the external power source from the third port (18) to the inverter (20). The inverter (20) is configured to be grid forming and to provide electrical power to the second port (14) in case of a power supply outage at the first port (12), the power converter (10) further includes a control unit (30) configured to monitor the third port (18) and to detect parameters of the electrical power provided via the third port (18).
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
H02J 9/08 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique demandant le démarrage d'une machine motrice
H02J 7/35 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p.ex. batterie tampon avec des cellules sensibles à la lumière
H02J 7/14 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries pour la charge de batteries par des générateurs dynamo-électriques entraînés à vitesse variable, p.ex. sur véhicule
H02M 1/10 - Dispositions comprenant des moyens de conversion, pour permettre l'alimentation à volonté d'une charge par des sources de puissance de nature différente, p.ex. à courant alternatif ou à courant continu
43.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENERGY SUPPLY INSTALLATION, INSTALLATION CONTROLLER FOR AN ENERGY SUPPLY INSTALLATION AND ENERGY SUPPLY INSTALLATION
The application describes a method for operating an energy supply installation (10), which is connected to an AC supply grid (12) via a transformer (14) and exchanges electrical power with the AC supply grid (12) via the transformer (14), wherein the transformer (14) is connected on a first side to the AC supply grid (12) and on a second side to an AC installation grid (18) of the energy supply installation (10), wherein the energy supply installation (10) has at least one inverter (22, 24), which exchanges electrical power between a DC unit (26, 28) on the DC side of the inverter (22, 24) and the AC installation grid (18) on the AC side of the inverter (22, 24), comprising the following steps: reception of at least one parameter of the power conversion of the at least one inverter (22, 24) by an installation controller (20), determination of a setpoint AC voltage for the AC installation grid (18) by the installation controller (20) according to the at least one parameter, transmission of the setpoint AC voltage to the transformer (14), wherein a tap changer (16) of the transformer (14) is configured to set a transformation ratio (T) in such a way that the product of the voltage in the AC supply grid (12) and the transformation ratio results in the setpoint AC voltage. The application also describes a method for operating an installation controller for an energy supply installation (10), an installation controller (20) for an energy supply installation (10) and an energy supply installation (10).
The application describes a method for protecting an installation from a short circuit. The installation comprises a DC circuit (200) comprising a DC source (201) and a DC load (210), which is connected to the DC source (201) via feed lines, wherein the connection between the DC source (201) and the DC load (210) has a connection-intrinsic impedance (202). The method comprises the following steps: - causing a short circuit of the DC source (201) by closing a switching unit (102), which is arranged in the DC circuit (200) between the DC source (201) and the DC load (210), such that the DC source (201) is short-circuited at least by means of a portion of the connection-intrinsic impedance (202) actually present in the DC circuit (200), - detecting a time profile of a short-circuit current ISC arising during the short circuit, - limiting and/or interrupting the short-circuit current ISC by opening the switching unit (102) when a termination criterion is satisfied so that damage to components of the electrical installation, in particular of the DC circuit (200), by the short-circuit current ISC is reliably prevented, and - analysing the detected short-circuit current ISC, in particular the time profile thereof, taking into account that portion of the connection-intrinsic impedance (202) between the DC source (201) and the DC load (210) by means of which the short circuit of the DC source (201) has been caused, and - checking a design of a fuse (220) present in the electrical installation, in particular in the DC circuit (200), by means of the analysis, or determining a design of a fuse (220) still to be installed in the electrical installation, in particular in the DC circuit (200), by means of the analysis. The application also describes a measurement system for carrying out the method.
H02H 3/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour déconnexion automatique due directement à un changement indésirable des conditions électriques normales de travail avec ou sans reconnexion
H02H 3/087 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour déconnexion automatique due directement à un changement indésirable des conditions électriques normales de travail avec ou sans reconnexion sensibles à une surcharge pour des systèmes à courant continu
G01R 27/16 - Mesure de l'impédance d'un élément ou d'un réseau dans lequel passe un courant provenant d'une autre source, p.ex. câble, ligne de transport de l'énergie
G01R 31/327 - Tests d'interrupteurs de circuit, d'interrupteurs ou de disjoncteurs
The invention relates to an electric system with a power converter (10) and a DC-DC converter (40). The power converter (10) is designed to transfer power between an AC side (16) of the power converter (10) and a DC side (18) of the power converter (10), wherein the AC side (16) of the power converter (10) can be connected to a grounded three-phase AC supply grid (12), and the DC side of the power converter (10) can be connected to an ungrounded DC grid (14). The power converter (10) has a bridge circuit (20), the AC connections (ACL1, ACL2, ACL3) of which can be connected to the AC side (16) of the power converter (10) via an AC relay (22) and the DC connections of which (DCL+, DCL-) can be connected to the DC side of the power converter (10) via isolating switches (26.1, 26.2). The DC-DC converter (40) has an output side (24) which faces the DC side (18) of the power converter (10), and the electric system has a measuring device (38) which is designed to measure a DC power converter voltage (UDCS) and a DC-DC output voltage (USym) being applied to the output side (24) of the DC-DC converter (40), wherein the DC power converter voltage (UDCS) and the DC-DC output voltage (USym) are applied on opposite sides of the isolating switches (26.1, 26.2). The electric system has a control unit (30) which is designed to actuate the DC-DC converter (40) such that a DC-DC output voltage (Usym) that corresponds to the value of the DC power converter voltage (UDCS) is set on the output side (24) of the DC-DC converter (40). The invention additionally relates to a method for operating an electric system.
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02J 1/10 - Fonctionnement de sources à courant continu en parallèle
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 3/04 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
46.
ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED PRECHARGING AND INSULATION MONITORING OF A CONVERTER FOR COUPLING A GROUNDED AC SUPPLY SYSTEM TO AN UNGROUNDED DC SUPPLY SYSTEM
The application describes a converter (10) for power transfer between an AC end (16) of the converter (10) and a DC end (18) of the converter (10), the AC end (16) of the converter (10) being connectable to a grounded three-phase AC power supply system (12), and the DC end (18) of the converter (10) being connectable to an ungrounded DC supply system (14). The converter (10) includes a bridge circuit (20), the AC terminals (ACL1, ACL2, ACL3) of which can be connected to the AC end (16) of the converter (10) via AC switches (22), and the DC terminals (DCL+, DCL-) of which can be connected to the DC end (18) of the converter (10) via isolating switches (26.1, 26.2), a DC link of the converter (10) being chargeable from the AC power supply system (12) via an electrically isolating AC precharging circuit (40). The converter also includes an insulation monitor (34) configured to measure the insulation resistance (50) of the DC end (18) of the converter (10) when the AC precharging circuit (40) is connected to the DC link (18). The application further describes a method for supplying an ungrounded DC supply system (14) from a grounded three-phase AC power supply system (12) by means of a transformerless converter (10).
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
47.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GROUNDING A DC VOLTAGE NETWORK
The invention relates to an electrical system comprising a power converter (10) for transferring power between an AC end (16) of the power converter (10) and a DC end (18) of the power converter (10), the AC end (16) of the power converter (10) being connectable to a grounded three-phase AC power supply system (12) and the DC end (18) of the power converter (10) being connectable to an ungrounded DC supply system (14). The power converter (10) has a bridge circuit (20), the AC terminals (ACL1, ACL2, ACL3) of which can be connected to the AC end (16) of the power converter (10) and the DC ends (DCL+, DCL-) of which can be connected to the DC end (18) of the power converter (10), the power converter (10) being designed in such a way that a grounding through a connected AC power supply system (12) results in a grounding on the DC end (18) of the power converter. The electrical system comprises a grounding circuit connected to the DC supply system (14) and a control unit (30), the control unit (30) being designed to detect a disconnection of the power converter (10) from the AC power supply system (12) and to establish a grounding of the DC supply system (14) by means of the grounding circuit. The invention also relates to a method for operating an electrical system.
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02H 11/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour empêcher la commutation de mise en service dans le cas où une condition électrique de travail indésirable pourrait en résulter
H02J 1/10 - Fonctionnement de sources à courant continu en parallèle
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
48.
AC/DC CONVERTER FOR COUPLING A GROUNDED AC SUPPLY SYSTEM TO AN UNGROUNDED DC SUPPLY SYSTEM, PRECHARGING DEVICE, AND INSULATION MONITORING
The application describes a converter (10) for power transfer between an AC end (16) of the converter (10) and a DC end (18) of the converter (10), the AC end (16) of the converter (10) being connectable to a grounded three-phase AC power supply system (12), and the DC end (18) of the converter (10) being connectable to an ungrounded DC supply system (14). The converter (10) includes a bridge circuit (20), the AC terminals (ACL1, ACL2, ACL3) of which can be connected to the AC end (16) of the converter (10) via AC switches (22), and the DC terminals (DCL+, DCL-) of which can be connected to the DC end (18) of the converter (10) via isolating switches (26.1, 26.2), a DC link of the converter (10) being chargeable from the AC power supply system (12) via a non-isolating AC precharging circuit (40). The converter also includes a measuring device (32) configured to measure the insulation resistance (50) of the DC end (18) of the converter (10) when the AC end (16) and the DC end (18) are directly connected. The invention further describes a method for supplying an ungrounded DC supply system (14) from a grounded three-phase AC power supply system (12) by means of a transformerless converter (10).
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
49.
METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR BALANCING VOLTAGES IN A DC NETWORK
The invention relates to a method for balancing voltages on a first and a second DC conductor (DC+, DC-) in a DC network (14) by means of a balancing unit (20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising: a first semiconductor switch (T1, T3, T5, T7, T9) and a second semiconductor switch (T2, T4, T6, T8, T12) which are connected in series between the first and the second DC conductor (DC+, DC-); and a connection to an earth potential (PE), said connection being located between the first semiconductor switch (T1, T3, T5, T7, T9) and the second semiconductor switch (T2, T4, T6, T8, T12). In the event of an imbalance in the voltages of the first DC conductor (DC+) with respect to the earth potential (PE) and of the second DC conductor (DC-) with respect to the earth potential (PE), an equalising current (IA) is generated between at least one of the DC conductors (DC+, DC-) and the earth potential (PE) by means of at least one of the semiconductor switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T12), the equalising current (IA) reducing the imbalance in the voltages of the first and second DC conductors (DC+, DC-) with respect to the earth potential (PE), the voltages of the DC conductors (DC+, DC-) being in particular balanced with respect to the earth potential (PE). The invention also relates to a balancing unit.
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 7/797 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu; Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif avec possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
50.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A HYBRID RECTIFIER, HYBRID RECTIFIER, AND ELECTROLYTIC SYSTEM HAVING SUCH A HYBRID RECTIFIER
DCDCTHDCTHTH): operating the hybrid rectifier (1) in a second operating state in which the thyristor rectifier (2) and the transistor rectifier (3) are each connected to the AC input (11) on one side and to the DC output (12) on the other side, and wherein the total active power (P) is transported from the AC input (11) to the DC output (12) of the hybrid rectifier (1) both via the thyristor rectifier (2) and via the transistor rectifier (3). The application also describes a hybrid rectifier (1) and an electrolytic system (40) having a hybrid rectifier (1) and an electrolyser (31) as the DC load (30).
H02M 1/42 - Circuits ou dispositions pour corriger ou ajuster le facteur de puissance dans les convertisseurs ou les onduleurs
H02M 7/17 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type thyratron ou thyristor exigeant des moyens d'extinction utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs agencés pour la marche en parallèle
H02M 7/23 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs agencés pour la marche en parallèle
C25B 9/65 - Dispositifs pour l'alimentation en courant; Connexions d'électrodes; Connexions électriques intercellulaires
C25B 15/02 - Commande ou régulation des opérations
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
51.
METHOD FOR SELF-TESTING OF A PHASE OF A 3-LEVEL ANPC CONVERTER WITH LC FILTER
A method for testing an inverter having a bridge comprising a first switch (T1) arranged between a positive connection (DC+) of a divided link circuit, having a centre point (M), and a positive inner connection (PI), a second switch (T2) arranged between the positive inner connection (PI) and a bridge output (BR), a third switch (T3) arranged between the bridge output (BR) and a negative inner connection (NI), a fourth switch (T4) arranged between the negative inner connection (NI) and a negative connection (DC-) of the divided link circuit, a fifth switch (T5) arranged between the centre point (M) and the positive inner connection (PI), and a sixth switch (T6) arranged between the centre point (M) and the negative inner connection (NI) is disclosed. A grid filter having a filter inductor (LF) and a filter capacitor (CF) is connected to the bridge output (BR). The method comprises applying a link circuit voltage to the divided link circuit, while the bridge output (BR) is isolated from a connected grid using the connected grid filter, fully discharging the filter capacitor (CF), closing the first switch (T1) and the sixth switch (T6), while the fourth switch (T4) and the fifth switch (T5) are open, subsequently clocking the second switch (T2) using a plurality of short pulses, wherein the duty cycle of the short pulses is predetermined between 1% and 5%, subsequently to the clocking determining a voltage dropped across the filter capacitor (CF) and identifying a fault state of the bridge when the voltage dropped is outside of a voltage window with an upper window limit and a lower window limit. An inverter is also disclosed, which has a control system designed and set up to execute the method according to one of the preceding claims and to connect the inverter to a connected grid only if a fault state is not identified.
A described method for operating a battery converter (4) in a system (1), in which, in addition to the battery converter (4), an inverter (2), which is connected to a grid (7), and a DC load (6) are connected to a common intermediate circuit (3) via a DC bus (8), comprises the following steps: - controlling an exchange power of the battery converter (4) using a battery (5), which is connected to the battery converter (4), depending on a voltage of the intermediate circuit (3) in accordance with a converter characteristic curve (10), - identifying a decrease in the intermediate circuit voltage below a rectifying value (12) of the permissible AC voltage of the grid (7) connected to the inverter (2), and - if the decrease is identified, temporarily shifting the converter characteristic curve so that a maximum discharge power of the battery converter (4) is reached at a value of the intermediate circuit voltage that is above or at the rectifying value (12). A battery converter (4), which is configured to carry out the method, and a system having such a battery converter (4) are also described.
The invention relates to a method for setting a power class of an inverter (10), wherein the inverter (10) has a device type plate (12) containing information about the inverter (10) which is device-specific and independent of the selected power class, and wherein the inverter (10) has a class plate (14) which is selected from a plurality of power class-specific class plates (14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4) each assigned to one power class from a plurality of power classes and contains information about the assigned power class. The method comprises the following steps: - capturing an image of the device type plate (12) and the class plate (14) and reading out the device-specific information and the information about the assigned power class from the data captured as an image, - transferring a setting sequence to the inverter (10), wherein the setting sequence has the information about the assigned power class, - setting the power class of the inverter (10) using the setting sequence following authentication of the read-out information. The invention also relates to an inverter having a power class that can be set.
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
The invention relates to a device (10) for electrolysis from photovoltaically generated DC power, comprising an electrolyser (E) and a DC-to-DC converter (12, 14). The DC-to-DC converter is designed to feed DC power to the electrolyser (E) via a DC bus (16), wherein: the DC power can be generated by a photovoltaic sub-generator (TG1, TG2, TG3) connected to the DC-to-DC converter (12, 14); the sub-generator (TG1, TG2, TG3) is connected to the DC-to-DC converter (12, 14) via a first disconnector (TS2, TS6); the first disconnector (TS2, TS6) is coupled to an isolation monitoring means (ISO1, ISO2) in such a way that closure of the first disconnector (TS2, TS6) requires a successful check for sufficient isolation of the sub-generator (TG1, TG2, TG3); the sub-generator (TG1, TG2, TG3) has a main string (HS1, HS2, HS3); a second disconnector (TS1, TS4, TS5) is arranged between the main string (HS1, HS2, HS3) and the first disconnector (TS2, TS6), which second disconnector is coupled to a means (RCD1, RCD2, RCD3) for monitoring a fault current of the main string (HS1, HS2, HS3) in such a way that the second disconnector (TS1, TS4, TS5) is opened in the event that a predefinable limit value of the fault current is exceeded. The invention also relates to a method for operating a device (10) for electrolysis from photovoltaically generated DC power.
The invention relates to a housing (1) for a power electronics device, comprising a tray (2) for receiving power electronics components and a cover (3) for placing on the tray (2) so that a closed housing (1) is formed. The cover (3) is fixed on the tray (2) by a plurality of fixing screws (4). At least one opening element is provided that is made of one of the fixing screws (4), each of which is guided through a sleeve (5) with deformation structures (14.n), said sleeve being arranged between the screw head of the fixing screw (4) and the housing (1) such that a pressing force is exerted by the screw head between the cover (3) and the tray (2) via the sleeve (5). The deformation structures (14.n) are designed such that under the effect of the force of an explosion that exceeds the pressing force, the sleeve (5) is compressed in a manner defined by the deformation structures (14.n) such that a gap (11) with a specified width is formed between the cover (3) and the tray (2).
The invention relates to an inverter (1), comprising: - a battery terminal (2) for connecting an electrical storage unit (3); - a load terminal (4) for connecting at least one electrical-energy load (5); - a grid terminal (6) for connecting to a superordinate distribution grid (7); - a bidirectional inverter bridge (8) connected to the battery terminal (2); - a first switching unit (9); and - a second switching unit (10). The first switching unit (9) is disposed between the bidirectional inverter bridge (8) and the second switching unit (10), and the second switching unit (10) is disposed between the first switching unit (9) and the grid terminal (6). The first switching unit (9) is designed to fall into a first state when a holding current is not provided and to switch to a second state when holding current is provided, and the second switching unit (10) is designed to be switched by means of a signal. The invention also relates to a method for supplying electrical energy to a load.
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
The invention relates to a modular electronic power converter, having a first housing (10), a second housing (30), and a coupling element (32, 64), wherein the coupling element (32, 64) is arranged between the housings (10, 30) and can be connected to at least one of the housings (10, 30) via a locking connection.
In a method for operating a power supply plant (11) having a plurality of inverters (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) and a plant controller (28), which is connected to the inverters (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) for communication, the power supply plant (11) has a grid connection (26), which is connected to an AC voltage grid (24). Via the grid connection (26), the inverters (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) exchange electrical interchange powers with the AC voltage grid (24) such that the power supply plant (11) exchanges a total interchange power, composed of the respective electrical interchange powers, with the AC voltage grid (24). By means of a respective regulator (50.1, 50.2, 50.3), the inverters (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) adjust their respective interchange powers depending on a respective deviation of a voltage profile of a grid voltage from a respective reference profile with respect to a respective reference frequency and/or depending on a respective voltage amplitude differential between a respective grid voltage and a respective reference voltage. The plant controller (28) influences the regulators (50.1, 50.2, 50.3) of the inverters (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) depending on a power differential between the total interchange power and a specified interchange power. A power supply plant (11) according to the application is designed to carry out this method.
H02H 3/33 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour déconnexion automatique due directement à un changement indésirable des conditions électriques normales de travail avec ou sans reconnexion sensibles à un angle de déphasage entre tensions ou courants comprenant la comparaison des valeurs de tension ou de courant en des points correspondants des différents conducteurs d'un même système, p.ex. de courants dans des conducteurs d'aller et retour utilisant des transformateurs sommateurs de courant
H02H 7/20 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour des machines ou appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un chan pour équipement électronique
60.
PLATFORM FOR STACKING CONTAINERS AS A HOUSING FOR COMPONENTS OF AN ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM, AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
The invention relates to a platform (10) for forming an energy conversion system (24) in a space-saving manner. Containers (20) as a housing for components of the energy conversion system (24) are stacked one over the other with the interposition of the platform (10), wherein the platform has a frame structure which has aligning elements (12) in order to position a container (20) on a storage space of the frame structure. The first and second aligning elements (12, 13) are arranged such that the aligning elements lead to a laterally centered arrangement of the second container over the first container in a vertically spaced manner by the height (H) of the platform (10), wherein the frame structure forms a stand surface which peripherally surrounds the storage space and which can be accessed by personnel in order to access the second container (20). An energy conversion system (24) can be formed as a stack (30) of at least two containers as a housing for components of the energy conversion system (24), one such platform (10) being arranged between said containers.
B65D 90/00 - MANUTENTION; EMBALLAGE; EMMAGASINAGE; MANIPULATION DES MATÉRIAUX DE FORME PLATE OU FILIFORME ÉLÉMENTS D'EMBALLAGE; PAQUETS - Parties constitutives, détails ou accessoires des grands réceptacles
E04B 1/348 - Structures composées d'unités comportant au moins des parties importantes des deux côtés d'une pièce, c. à d. unités en forme de boîtes ou de cellules closes ou en forme de carcasses
E04H 1/12 - Petits bâtiments ou autres constructions pour occupation limitée, élevés en plein air ou aménagés à l'intérieur de bâtiments, p.ex. kiosques, abris pour arrêts d'autobus ou pour stations de distribution d'essence, toits pour quais de gare, guérites d
61.
METHOD FOR STABILIZING THE DC VOLTAGE IN A DC GRID, AND DC-TO-DC CONVERTER FOR CONNECTING A PV GENERATOR TO A DC GRID
The invention relates to a method for stabilizing a DC voltage in a DC grid (1) that comprises a DC bus (10) which is connected to a higher-order grid (11, 12) and to which an energy generating system (18) and at least one load (13) are connected. A variable electric grid output is exchanged between the DC bus and the higher-order grid in order to keep the DC voltage in the DC bus at a nominal voltage. The energy generating system comprises a PV generator (18a) which is connected to the DC bus via a DC-to-DC converter (18b) and which exchanges an electric generator output with the DC bus. In a normal operating mode, the generator output is set to a normal operating output by the DC-to-DC converter on the basis of an MPP output of the PV generator. In a grid support mode, the generator output is set to a grid support output on the basis of the DC voltage in the DC bus in order to counteract a power imbalance between the electric power supplied in total to the DC bus and the power drawn in total from the DC bus.
H02J 1/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant continu Équilibrage de la charge dans un réseau
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
G05F 1/67 - Régulation de la puissance électrique à la puissance maximale que peut fournir un générateur, p.ex. une cellule solaire
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 1/10 - Fonctionnement de sources à courant continu en parallèle
H02J 7/35 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p.ex. batterie tampon avec des cellules sensibles à la lumière
62.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYZER, CONNECTION CIRCUIT, RECTIFIER, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
ElLLElLLt1ElTH,1TH,1 differing from 0 V during the standby operating mode. The invention additionally relates to a connection circuit (1), to an actively controlled rectifier (30), and to an electrolysis system (60) for carrying out the method.
The invention relates to an inverter (10), comprising - a first bridge branch (11) with a first phase output (114), - a second bridge branch (12) with a second phase output (124), - a third bridge branch (13) with a third phase output (134), wherein the phase outputs (114, 124, 134) of the bridge branches (11, 12, 13) can each be connected to a phase conductor (L1, L2, L3) of a three-phase power distribution network (3). The inverter (10) is designed, - in a normal operating mode of the three-phase power distribution network (3) and/or of a higher-level power supply network (1) connected thereto, to connect the phase outputs (114, 124, 134) to the relevant phase conductor (L1, L2, L3) and, - in the event of a fault in the three-phase power distribution network (3) and/or in the higher-level power supply network (1) connected thereto, to disconnect the three-phase power distribution network (3) from the higher-level power supply network (1) by means of a network disconnector (2), to disconnect the first phase output (114) from the first phase conductor (L1) by means of a switching unit (15) and to connect same to a neutral conductor (N) of the three-phase power distribution network (3), and to establish a neutral potential for the neutral conductor (N) via the first bridge branch (11). The invention further relates to a method for operating an inverter (10) of this kind.
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
64.
METHOD FOR EXTENDING A DC VOLTAGE RANGE OF A RECTIFIER, RECTIFIER FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD, AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
DC,SollDC,Soll4144 of the AC voltage. The application further comprises a rectifier (1) for carrying out the method, and an electrolysis system (50) comprising a rectifier (1) of this kind.
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02M 7/219 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs dans une configuration en pont
H02M 7/12 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande
65.
DEVICE FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND DEVICE FOR CURRENT DETERMINATION
The invention relates to a device for temperature measurement comprising a circuit board (2) and a temperature sensor (3), wherein the circuit board (2) has a milled groove (4), which runs substantially in a spiral around the temperature sensor (3), such that the temperature sensor (3) can be moved in parallel with the normal vector of the plane of the circuit board (2) and, with a movement of the temperature sensor (3) relative to the plane of the circuit board (2), a restoring force is brought about between the circuit board (2) and the temperature sensor (3). The device can be, in particular, part of a current determination device using a shunt and determine the temperature thereof. The invention also relates to a power converter comprising a device of this type.
G01K 1/143 - Supports; Dispositifs de fixation; Dispositions pour le montage de thermomètres en des endroits particuliers pour la mesure de la température de surfaces
G01R 1/20 - Modifications des éléments électriques fondamentaux en vue de leur utilisation dans des appareils de mesures électriques; Combinaisons structurelles de ces éléments avec ces appareils
G01R 19/32 - Compensation des variations de température
The invention relates to a switch arrangement (B) for switching electric currents having a plurality of branches (14, 16) arranged in parallel between a first connection (10) and a second connection (12), wherein each branch (14, 16) has a series circuit composed of a first switch (B1, B3) and a second switch (B2, B4), and having a driver circuit (TB), which is set up to convert a switching signal (CB), which defines switch-on phases and switch-off phases of the switch arrangement (B), to individual clock signals (CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4) that define switch-on clocks of the switches (B1, B2, B3, B4), and to feed same to the switches (B1, B2, B3, B4) in such a way that the switch arrangement (B) implements the switch-on phases and switch-off phases of the switching signal (CB), wherein a switching frequency of the switch arrangement (B) is higher than an achievable clock frequency of an individual switch (B1, B2, B3, B4). A power converter can have such a switch arrangement (B). The invention also relates to a method for operating such a switch arrangement (B).
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
H02M 1/088 - Circuits spécialement adaptés à la production d'une tension de commande pour les dispositifs à semi-conducteurs incorporés dans des convertisseurs statiques pour la commande simultanée de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs connectés en série ou en parallèle
67.
METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING A CONSUMER WITH ELECTRICAL ENERGY
The invention relates to a method for supplying a consumer (14, 46) with electrical energy from an industrial DC network (22), wherein the consumer (16, 46) is galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network (22), said method having the steps: establishing a connection between a stored energy source (18, 48) and the industrial DC network (22) as required and transferring electrical energy from the DC network (22) to the stored energy source (18, 48), wherein, when the connection is established between the stored energy source (18, 48) and the industrial DC network (22), a connection between the stored energy source (18, 48) and the consumer (16, 46) is disconnected and the consumer (16, 46) remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network (22); and establishing a connection between the consumer (16, 46) and the stored energy source (18, 48) as required and transferring electrical energy from the stored energy source (18, 48) to the consumer (16, 46), wherein, when the connection is established between the consumer (16, 46) and the stored energy source (18, 48), a connection between the stored energy source (18, 48) and the industrial DC network (22) is disconnected and the consumer (16, 46) remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network (22). The invention also relates to a system and an apparatus for supplying a consumer with electrical energy.
The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (1) for balancing a split DC link arranged between a first DC terminal (2) and a second DC terminal (3). The first DC terminal (2) is connected to a first intermediate point (5) by means of a first semiconductor switch (T1), the first intermediate point (5) is connected to a bridge center point (6) by means of a second semiconductor switch (T2), the bridge center point (6) is connected to a second intermediate point (7) by means of a third semiconductor switch (T3), and the second intermediate point (7) is connected to the second DC terminal (3) by means of a fourth semiconductor switch (T4). Furthermore, a first terminal of a resonance capacitor (Cres) is connected to the first intermediate point (5), and a second terminal of the resonance capacitor (Cres) is connected to a DC link center point (4) by means of a connection path, in which a resonance choke (Lres) is arranged in a series circuit with the third semiconductor switch (T3) and runs through the second intermediate point (7). An additional winding (L1) is magnetically coupled to the resonance choke (Lres). A first terminal of the additional winding (L1) is connected to a first terminal (22) of a counter voltage source (23) by means of a first diode (D1), and a second terminal of the additional winding (L1) is connected to a second terminal (24) of the counter voltage source (23) such that energy coupled into the additional winding (L1) from the resonance choke (Lres) is discharged into the counter voltage source (23).
H02M 3/158 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec commande automatique de la tension ou du courant de sortie, p.ex. régulateurs à commutation comprenant plusieurs dispositifs à semi-conducteurs comme dispositifs de commande finale pour une charge unique
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
1221DC,LastTH122DC,LastTH22 with a value different from 0 to supply the DC load. The invention also relates to an energy conversion system for carrying out the method and to an electrolysis system.
H02M 7/04 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques
The invention relates to a mobile disconnecting device (2) for a photovoltaic energy generation system (1), which mobile disconnecting device can be inserted into a receptacle (6) of the energy generation system (1). The receptacle (6) has two adapter contacts (7), which are connected to respective direct-current lines (DC+, DC-) of the energy generation system (1), and an adapter ground contact (8), which is connected to ground potential. Disconnecting contacts (9) associated with the adapter contacts (7) and a grounding contact (10) associated with the adapter ground contact (8) are electrically connected to the associated adapter contacts (7) and adapter ground contact (8) when the disconnecting device (2) is inserted into the receptacle (6). The disconnecting device (2) comprises a first switch (15), by means of which the disconnecting contacts (9) can be electrically interconnected, a second switch (14), by means of which one of the disconnecting contacts (9) can be connected to the grounding contact (10), and an actuation apparatus (11) for changing the first switch (15) and the second switch (14) between a first position, in which both switches are open, and a second position, in which both switches are closed, such that in the second position the direct-current lines (DC+, DC-) are short-circuited with each other and are connected to ground potential. The disconnecting device (2) can be inserted, for example, into a combiner box or an inverter of an energy generation system.
H02S 40/34 - Composants électriques comprenant une connexion électrique structurellement associée au module PV, p.ex. boîtes de jonction
H01L 31/02 - Dispositifs à semi-conducteurs sensibles aux rayons infrarouges, à la lumière, au rayonnement électromagnétique d'ondes plus courtes, ou au rayonnement corpusculaire, et spécialement adaptés, soit comme convertisseurs de l'énergie dudit rayonnement e; Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement de ces dispositifs ou de leurs parties constitutives; Leurs détails - Détails
71.
CHANGEOVER DEVICE, RETROFIT KIT AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER TO A LOAD
A changeover device (1) for selectively supplying power to at least one load (3) from a grid (4) or a bidirectional inverter (2) comprises an input with a grid neutral conductor connection (5) and a grid outer conductor connection (6) for connection to the grid (4), a first output with an inverter neutral conductor connection (7) and an inverter outer conductor connection (8) for connection of the bidirectional inverter (2), a second output with a load neutral conductor connection (9) and a load outer conductor connection (10) for connection of the load (3), and a switching element (11), the control system of which is connected to a control input (18) of the changeover device (1). The switching element (11) comprises a first and a second normally closed contact and a normally open contact, which are connected in an interconnection to the grid outer conductor connection (6), the inverter outer conductor connection (8) and the load outer conductor connection (10). An associated method is also disclosed.
H02J 3/00 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
72.
METHOD AND CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR DETECTING AN ARC, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) INVERTER HAVING A CORRESPONDING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT
The invention relates to a method for detecting an arc (9) in a direct-current circuit (6), which comprises: a DC load (3), a DC source (2), which supplies the DC load (3), and a circuit arrangement (1), which is arranged between the DC source (2) and the DC load (3). A power flow between the DC source (2) and an output (8) of the circuit arrangement (1) is suppressed by means of the switching unit (10) by cyclical interruption such that the power flow is allowed in an active time window (31) having the first duration Δt1 and is suppressed in an inactive time window (32) having the second duration Δt2. By detecting a current I characterizing the power flow P and/or a voltage U characterizing the power flow P in two consecutive active time windows (31) and comparing the detected values of current I and/or voltage U of the active time window (31) with the corresponding detected values from the previous active time window (31), an arc (9) can be signaled if said values of the active time window (31) differ from the corresponding values of the previous active time window (31) by more than a threshold value. The invention further relates to a circuit arrangement (1) for detecting an arc (9) and to a photovoltaic (PV) inverter (40) having a circuit arrangement (1) of this type.
12eineineinTHTHeinTHTHTH. The application additionally describes a circuit arrangement (1) for detecting an arc (9) and a photovoltaic (PV) inverter (40) having such a circuit arrangement (1).
A method of detecting a serial arc fault in a DC-power circuit (1) includes injecting an RF-signal with a narrow band-width into the DC- power circuit and measuring a response signal related to the injected RF-signal in the DC-power circuit. The method further includes determining a time derivative of the response signal, analyzing the time derivative, and signaling an occurrence of a serial arc fault in the power circuit based on the results of the analysis. A system for detecting an arc fault is configured to perform a method as described before.
H02H 1/00 - CIRCUITS DE PROTECTION DE SÉCURITÉ - Détails de circuits de protection de sécurité
G01R 31/52 - Test pour déceler la présence de courts-circuits, de fuites de courant ou de défauts à la terre
H02H 3/44 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour déconnexion automatique due directement à un changement indésirable des conditions électriques normales de travail avec ou sans reconnexion sensibles aux taux de variation de quantités électriques
75.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ASCERTAINING A LOAD FLOW MAP WITHIN AN AC-VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY GRID
The invention relates to a method for ascertaining a load flow map within an AC-voltage power supply grid (1), wherein a multiplicity of grid subscribers (10) is arranged at a respective grid connection point (11) in the power supply grid (1). The method comprises the following steps: - the multiplicity of grid subscribers (10) ascertaining a respective value reflecting an individual phase angle (Φ) of the AC voltage of the power supply grid (1) at the respective grid connection point (11); - transmitting the respective value in the form of data from the multiplicity of grid subscribers (10) to a superordinate data receiver; - evaluating the data and creating a load flow map on the basis of the values reflecting the individual phase angles (Φ). The invention furthermore relates to an arrangement for performing the method.
H02J 3/00 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif
H02J 13/00 - Circuits pour pourvoir à l'indication à distance des conditions d'un réseau, p.ex. un enregistrement instantané des conditions d'ouverture ou de fermeture de chaque sectionneur du réseau; Circuits pour pourvoir à la commande à distance des moyens de commutation dans un réseau de distribution d'énergie, p.ex. mise en ou hors circuit de consommateurs de courant par l'utilisation de signaux d'impulsion codés transmis par le réseau
An inverter (1-4) with a rated power of more than 3 kVA has a first assembly, which comprises a first printed circuit board (10) and a DC/AC converter stage, and a second assembly, which comprises a second printed circuit board (20) and an EMC filter for the DC/AC converter stage. The first printed circuit board (10) is mounted on a heat sink (30, 35) and rests substantially flat on the heat sink (30, 35). The DC/AC converter stage has converter components which comprise power semiconductors (12), inductors (13) and intermediate circuit capacitors (11), wherein the inductors (13) and the intermediate circuit capacitors (11) are arranged together on one side of the first printed circuit board (10) and the heat sink (30, 35) is arranged on the opposite side of the first printed circuit board (10). The inductors (13) and/or the power semiconductors (12) are thermally connected to the heat sink (30, 35) by means of the first printed circuit board (10) and a thermally conductive material (33) which is arranged between the first printed circuit board (10) and the heat sink (30, 35). The second printed circuit board (20) is arranged on that side of the first printed circuit board (10) which is situated opposite the heat sink (30, 35). A metal sheet (40) is arranged between the first and the second assembly, and the second printed circuit board (20) is mounted on the metal sheet (40).
The invention relates to a converter apparatus (1) for exchanging power between a first network (10) and a second network (13), comprising a first inverter (11) which can be connected on the AC side to the first network (10) and is connected on the DC side to an intermediate circuit of the converter apparatus (1), a second inverter (12) which can be connected on the AC side to the second network (13) and is connected on the DC side to the intermediate circuit, and a solar generator (15) which is directly connected to the intermediate circuit (14). A first controller (17) of the first inverter (11) is designed to adjust a converter power of the first inverter (11) and a second controller (18) of the second inverter (13) is designed to adjust a voltage of the intermediate circuit (14) such that a power of the solar generator (15) is maximized. The invention also relates to an operating method of such a converter apparatus.
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 3/48 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de puissance entre les générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de la composante en phase
H02J 3/50 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de puissance entre les générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de la composante déphasée
H02J 3/34 - Dispositions pour le transfert de puissance électrique entre réseaux de fréquences très différentes
H02J 3/36 - Dispositions pour le transfert de puissance électrique entre réseaux à courant alternatif par l'intermédiaire de haute tension à courant continu
78.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN OPERATING PARAMETER OF A PV INSTALLATION, PV INSTALLATION HAVING AN INVERTER, AND INVERTER FOR SUCH A PV INSTALLATION
The invention relates to a method for determining an operating parameter of a PV installation (1) having a plurality of PV modules (2), wherein the PV modules (2) each comprise a disconnection apparatus (6), which disconnection apparatuses are communicatively connected to a transmitting apparatus (20) of the PV installation (1) and have a feed mode and a disconnection mode, wherein at least one PV module (2) is equipped with a power-optimizing device (8) which is configured and designed to set an operating point of the PV module (2) in an optimizing mode. The method according to the invention makes it possible for an operating parameter of the PV installation to be able to be determined with particularly low outlay in terms of apparatus, the technical information content of which operating parameter constitutes a good compromise between cost-intensive monitoring of the PV modules and entirely dispensing with said monitoring. To this end, in the method for determining the operating parameter, a first total electrical power of the PV modules (2) is determined in a first method step in a non-optimizing mode of the power-optimizing devices (8) and in a feed mode of the disconnection apparatuses (6), and a second total electrical power of the PV modules (2) is determined in a second method step in an optimizing mode of all power-optimizing devices (8) and in a feed mode of the disconnection apparatuses (6).
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
H02M 3/156 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec commande automatique de la tension ou du courant de sortie, p.ex. régulateurs à commutation
79.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENERGY GENERATING SYSTEM, AND ENERGY GENERATING SYSTEM COMPRISING SAID METHOD
RestRest which corresponds to a default value. The application also relates to an energy generating system (1) which is designed and configured to carry out the method.
The invention relates to a method for locking a connection of a plug (10) to a mating plug (20) arranged on an electric vehicle (34). The plug (10) is arranged on a charging cable (31) which is connected to a charging post (30) of a charging station (36), in particular a charging cable (31) which is rigidly connected to a charging post (30) of a charging station (30). The plug (10) is paired with a first locking element (11), and the mating plug (20) is paired with a second locking element (21), wherein the first locking element (11) and the second locking element (21) interact in order to lock the connection between the plug (10) and the mating plug (20), and each element has an activated state and a deactivated state. The method has the steps of: - operating the first locking element (11) paired with the plug (10) in an activated state in a first operating mode of the charging station (30) in order to lock the connection between the plug (10) and the mating plug (20) when the second locking element (21) paired with the mating plug (20) is activated and - operating the first locking element (11) paired with the plug (10) in a deactivated state in a second operating mode of the charging station (30) in order to unlock the connection between the plug (10) and the mating plug (20) when the second locking element (21) paired with the mating plug (20) is activated. The invention additionally relates to a charging station which is suitable for and designed to carry out the method.
The application relates to a method for detecting a short circuit (33) of a DC load (30), which can be connected to an AC network (20) via a rectifier (1) comprising an AC/DC converter (10). The method comprises the following steps: - setting a source voltage at an output capacity (4) of the rectifier (1) via a rectified power flow taken from the AC network (20), - connecting the output capacity (4) of the rectifier (1), previously set to the source voltage, to the input (32) of the DC load (30), a further power flow from the AC network (20) to the rectifier (1) and a recharging of the output capacity (4) associated therewith being suppressed, - detecting a voltage U present across an input (32) of the DC load (30) and/or a current I flowing via the input (32) of the DC load (30), - signalling a short circuit (33) if the voltage U detected, a time development of the voltage U detected, the current I detected, a time development of the current I detected, a combination of the voltage U detected and the current I detected and/or a combination of the time curves of the voltage U detected and the current I detected meet at least one predefined criterion. The application also relates to a rectifier (1) designed to carry out the method.
H02H 7/12 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour des machines ou appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un chan pour redresseurs pour convertisseurs ou redresseurs statiques
G01R 31/52 - Test pour déceler la présence de courts-circuits, de fuites de courant ou de défauts à la terre
H02H 11/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour empêcher la commutation de mise en service dans le cas où une condition électrique de travail indésirable pourrait en résulter
H02H 7/125 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour des machines ou appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un chan pour redresseurs pour convertisseurs ou redresseurs statiques pour redresseurs
An uninterruptible power supply arrangement (1) for a grid section (2) is connected thereto via a first connection point (3) and to a supply grid (4) via a second connection point (3') and comprises a store (6), which is connected to the first connection point (3) via a bidirectional inverter (7) in order to exchange reactive power and active power, and a decoupling impedance (8) via which the first connection point (3) is connected to the second connection point (3'). The decoupling impedance (8) has an inductance value such that the inverter (7), by providing reactive power in the event of a short circuit of the supply grid (4) as far as disconnection of the grid section (2) therefrom, is capable of keeping an AC voltage at the connection point (3) at or above a value of 80% of the nominal voltage of the supply grid (4). The at least one inverter (7) is designed to supply power to loads (5) of the grid section (2) if the supply grid (4) is in a state unsuitable for supplying power to the loads (5), and to limit an active power exchanged between the supply grid (4) and the grid section (2) to a predefined nominal value by providing active power.
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
H02J 3/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif pour règler la tension dans des réseaux à courant alternatif par changement d'une caractéristique de la charge du réseau par interruption, ou mise en circuit, des charges du réseau, p.ex. charge équilibrée progressivement
H02J 3/26 - Dispositions pour l'élimination ou la réduction des asymétries dans les réseaux polyphasés
84.
HOUSING FOR AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE HAVING A COVER AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE HAVING A HOUSING
The invention relates to a housing (11) of an electrical device (10) for converting electrical power, comprising a main body (12) and a cover (13), wherein the cover (13) closes the main body (12) so that a self-contained interior space is formed, wherein electrical and electronic components of the electrical device (10) are arranged in the interior space of the housing (11). The cover (13) is connected to the main body (12) via a detchable securing means (14), wherein the securing means (14) is arranged in the geometrical centre of the cover (13). An electrical device (10) has a housing (11) of this type.
A local power supply system (1) having a network transfer point (4) for the connection of an energy supply network (5) has a first transmission line (2) for transmitting electrical energy from the network transfer point (4) to a first connection (16) for connecting an arrangement of consumers (6), and a second transmission line (3) for transmitting electrical energy from the network transfer point (4) to a second connection (18) for connecting an arrangement of energy stores (8). A first separating point (7) is arranged in the first transition line (2) between the network transfer point (4) and the first connection (16), and a second separating point (9) is arranged in the second transmission line (3) between the network transfer point (4) and the second connection (18). A coupling device (10), which electrically connects the first connection (16) and the second connection (18), has a first switch (11) and a second switch (13) connected in series thereto, wherein a coupling element (12) is arranged between the two switches (11, 13) connected in series, which coupling element has a grounding apparatus, a phase connection apparatus, a neutral conductor connection apparatus, a connection to a diesel generator and/or an apparatus for generating a neutral conductor potential. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a system.
H02J 3/00 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p.ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
86.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COORDINATING CHARGING OPERATIONS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Disclosed is a method for dynamically coordinating charging operations for a plurality of electric vehicles (14, 14') which can be charged via charging points (13) which are connected to a common transformer (11) via a local grid (17). An overload profile of the transformer (11) is determined with the aid of captured load data relating to the transformer (11) and received load profile forecasts for further connected loads and is regularly captured and updated. Each time a new electric vehicle (14') is connected to a charging point (13) of the local grid (17), the charging requirement of said electric vehicle is received, an adapted overload profile (33) is determined and is compared with an overload limit value OTH. If this limit value is not exceeded, the charging requirement is approved and the overload profile (33) is updated and otherwise the charging requirement is refused. In the event of a refusal, it is possible to take load-relief measures which still allow charging in a timely manner. A corresponding charging coordination system is likewise disclosed.
B60L 53/50 - Stations de charge caractérisées par des moyens d’emmagasinage ou de production d'énergie
B60L 53/62 - Surveillance et commande des stations de charge en réponse à des paramètres de charge, p.ex. courant, tension ou charge électrique
B60L 53/63 - Surveillance et commande des stations de charge en réponse à la capacité du réseau
B60L 53/66 - Transfert de données entre les stations de charge et le véhicule
B60L 53/67 - Commande de plusieurs stations de charge
B60L 53/68 - Surveillance ou commande hors site, p.ex. télécommande
H02J 7/00 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries
H02J 4/00 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, la nature alternative ou continue du courant n'étant pas précisée
87.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) STRING, DC/DC CONVERTER, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
ausausStrStrStrStrStrStr of the photovoltaic string (3) in the second operating mode M2 of the DC/DC converter (5). In addition, the application relates to a DC/DC converter (5) which is suitable for the method, and a photovoltaic system (1) for carrying out the method.
The invention relates to a solar module (1), which comprises: - a plurality of solar cells (8) which are interconnected to generate a direct-voltage power at module terminals; - a receiving unit (3) for receiving an accurate time signal; and - a communication unit (4) for the synchronous transmission of the received accurate time signal to an inverter (11), the inverter (11) being connected to the solar module (1) by means of direct-voltage lines (6). The invention also relates to an assembly (2) that can be integrated into a solar module, and to an energy generation system having a solar module (1) of this type.
The application describes an inverter (1) for converting DC voltage from at least one DC voltage source into AC voltage, comprising: - an input (2a) having two input connections for connecting the DC voltage source, - a multiphase output (9) having n>1 phase connections (U, V, W), - a plurality m>1 of multiphase DC/AC converters (3.1-3.m) each having n phase conductors (4.1-4.n), and - a sinusoidal filter which is shared by each of the DC/AC converters (3.1-3.m) and has an inductor arrangement (10). Each phase connection (U, V, W) is connected to one corresponding phase conductor (4.1-4.n) of each DC/AC converter (3.1-3.m) via an inductor winding (11.1.1-11.n.m) of the inductor arrangement (10). For this purpose, the inductor arrangement (10) has m*n inductor windings (11.1.1-11.n.m) and a magnetic core (12) with n transverse webs (13.1-13.n), two outer longitudinal webs (14) and one or more inner longitudinal webs (15). m inductor windings (11.1.1-11.n.m) are arranged beside one another on each of the n transverse webs (13.1-13.n). In this case, those inductor windings (11.1.1-11.n.m) which are connected to the same phase connection (U, V, W) are also each arranged on the same transverse web (13.1-13.n). In addition, all inductor windings (11.1.1-11.n.m) arranged on the same one of the transverse webs (13.1-13.n) each have, starting from the first connection thereof which is connected to a phase conductor (4.1-4.n) of one of the DC/AC converters (3.1-3.n), an identical winding sense around the same one of the transverse webs (13.1-13.n) in the direction of the second connection thereof which is connected to one of the phase connections (U, V, W). The invention further relates to an energy generation installation having such an inverter (1).
H01F 27/38 - Organes de noyaux auxiliaires; Bobines ou enroulements auxiliaires
H01F 30/12 - Transformateurs diphasés, triphasés ou polyphasés
H02M 1/00 - APPAREILS POUR LA TRANSFORMATION DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT ALTERNATIF, DE COURANT ALTERNATIF EN COURANT CONTINU OU VICE VERSA OU DE COURANT CONTINU EN COURANT CONTINU ET EMPLOYÉS AVEC LES RÉSEAUX DE DISTRIBUTION D'ÉNERGIE OU DES SYSTÈMES D'ALI; TRANSFORMATION D'UNE PUISSANCE D'ENTRÉE EN COURANT CONTINU OU COURANT ALTERNATIF EN UNE PUISSANCE DE SORTIE DE CHOC; LEUR COMMANDE OU RÉGULATION - Détails d'appareils pour transformation
A battery inverter system (1) comprises a plurality of battery inverter units (15), each of the battery inverter units (15) comprising a multiphase inverter (2.1-2.3) and a battery unit (3.1-3.3) connected to the inverter (2.1-2.3) on the DC side. The battery unit (3.1-3.3) has a plurality of individual units (4) connected in parallel to one another and protected with rack fuses (5) against overcurrent, and the battery inverter units (15) are connected in parallel on the AC side and are configured to operate with a common actuation pulse pattern. The battery inverter units (15) are connected to one another by means of compensating fuses (13) on the DC side, the compensating fuses (13) being designed such that in the event of a short circuit in one of the inverters (2.1-2.3), the compensating fuses (13) are triggered more quickly than the rack fuses (5).
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02M 7/493 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande les convertisseurs statiques étant agencés pour le fonctionnement en parallèle
91.
METHOD FOR THREE-PHASE SUPPLY INTO AN ALTERNATING VOLTAGE NETWORK, AND THREE-PHASE INVERTER
For three-phase supply of electrical power from a direct current source (1) by means of an inverter (2) into a three-phase alternating voltage network (3), the inverter (2) having a control structure (10), the control structure (10) comprising a controller (11) and a multiplier (12), a method comprises the steps of: - measuring phase-specific mains voltages (U_abc); - determining a mains frequency (f_Netz) from the measured mains voltages (U_abc); - generating phase-specific sinusoidal voltage reference values (U_ref) by means of the controller (11) from the phase-specifically measured mains voltages (U_abc) and the determined mains frequency (f_Netz), wherein the voltage reference values (U_ref) have phase-specific amplitudes and a common frequency, which correspond to the respective amplitudes or the frequency of the measured mains voltages (U_abc) of the individual phases, - generating phase-specific target current values (I_abc_soll) by means of the multiplier (12, 12') in that products are formed from phase-specifically predetermined target current-amplitude values (I_d_soll) and the phase-specific voltage reference values (U_ref) and are normalized phase-specifically to respective mains voltage amplitudes (U_d), and - using the phase-specific target current values (I_abc_soll) for controlling circuit breakers of the inverter. An inverter is designed to carry out the method.
H02J 3/44 - Synchronisation d'un générateur pour sa connexion à un réseau ou à un autre générateur avec moyens pour assurer une séquence de phase correcte
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
H02J 3/26 - Dispositions pour l'élimination ou la réduction des asymétries dans les réseaux polyphasés
92.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPROXIMATELY DETERMINING VOLTAGES AT A HIGH-VOLTAGE SIDE OF A TRANSFORMER
Δ00Δ000) into phase voltages and/or delta voltages at the high-voltage side of the transformer (4). The invention further relates to a device configured for carrying out the method.
G01R 19/25 - Dispositions pour procéder aux mesures de courant ou de tension ou pour en indiquer l'existence ou le signe utilisant une méthode de mesure numérique
93.
METHOD FOR CURRENT LIMITATION IN THE EVENT OF TRANSIENT VOLTAGE VARIATIONS AT AN AC OUTPUT OF A MULTI-LEVEL INVERTER AND MULTI-LEVEL INVERTER
C1_acL1_acL1_ac) exceeds a first current threshold value (I_FRT_1), a regular operating mode is interrupted and measures are taken for current limitation. The invention also relates to a multi-level inverter (1) comprising a control device (29) which is designed for carrying out a method of this type.
The invention relates to a power electronics device (1a), comprising a first power semiconductor switch (6a) and a driver circuit (49, 49a, 49b). The power electronics device allows electrical voltage to be supplied to a driver circuit in a manner suitable for at least one operating mode. For this purpose, an auxiliary circuit arrangement (52, 52a, 52b) is comprised, which has: - a supply capacitor (53, 53a, 53b); - an auxiliary capacitor (54); - a normally-off auxiliary semiconductor switch (55, 55a, 55b); - a diode (56); and - a bootstrap diode (57). The auxiliary semiconductor switch (55, 55a, 55b) is connected to a reference potential connection (59) of the first power semiconductor switch (6a) via a connection point (58). Proceeding from the connection point (58), a series circuit of the diode (56), a second connection point (60) and the auxiliary capacitor (54) is arranged parallel to the auxiliary semiconductor switch (55, 55a, 55b), and therefore the auxiliary capacitor (54) is charged by current flow via the first power semiconductor switch (6a) when the auxiliary semiconductor switch (55, 55a, 55b) is open. The supply capacitor (53, 53a, 53b) is electrically connected to the second connection point (60) via the bootstrap diode (57) and to the reference potential connection (59), and therefore the supply capacitor (53, 53a, 53b) is charged by the auxiliary capacitor (54) via the bootstrap diode (57) when the auxiliary semiconductor switch (55, 55a, 55b) is closed and the auxiliary capacitor (54) is charged.
H03K 17/10 - Modifications pour augmenter la tension commutée maximale admissible
H02M 1/096 - Circuits spécialement adaptés à la production d'une tension de commande pour les dispositifs à semi-conducteurs incorporés dans des convertisseurs statiques pour la commande simultanée de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs connectés en série ou en parallèle l'alimentation du circuit de commande étant connectée en parallèle avec l'élément de commutation principal
H03K 17/567 - Circuits caractérisés par l'utilisation d'au moins deux types de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. BIMOS, dispositifs composites tels que IGBT
H02M 1/088 - Circuits spécialement adaptés à la production d'une tension de commande pour les dispositifs à semi-conducteurs incorporés dans des convertisseurs statiques pour la commande simultanée de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs connectés en série ou en parallèle
H02M 3/156 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant continu sans transformation intermédiaire en courant alternatif par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec commande automatique de la tension ou du courant de sortie, p.ex. régulateurs à commutation
H02M 7/5387 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p.ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur dans une configuration en pont
95.
METHOD FOR SWITCHING OFF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES IN A BRIDGE CIRCUIT, BRIDGE CIRCUIT, AND INVERTER COMPRISING A BRIDGE CIRCUIT
The invention discloses a method for switching off power semiconductor switches in a bridge circuit (1), in which a first DC voltage connection (2) is connected to a first intermediate point (3) via a first power semiconductor switch (T1), the first intermediate point (3) is connected to an AC connection (4) via a second power semiconductor switch (T2), the AC connection (4) is connected to a second intermediate point (5) via a third power semiconductor switch (T3) and the second intermediate point (5) is connected to a second DC voltage connection (6) via a fourth power semiconductor switch (T4), and in which a neutral connection (7) is connected to the first intermediate point (3) via a fifth power semiconductor switch (T5) and is connected to the second intermediate point (5) via a sixth power semiconductor switch (T6). The method comprises a switch-off operation for establishing a constellation (K-O) in which all power semiconductor switches (T1-T6) in the bridge circuit (1) are in a switched-off state. During the switch-off operation, a constellation (K-3, K-5, K-9) is deliberately established in which the fifth power semiconductor switch (T5) and the sixth power semiconductor switch (T6) are simultaneously in a switched-on state, while the first power semiconductor switch (T1) and the fourth power semiconductor switch (T4) are in a switched-off state. The invention also discloses a bridge circuit (1) having a control unit (8) which is configured to carry out such a method. In addition, an inverter (9) comprising at least one bridge circuit (1) of this type is also disclosed.
H02M 1/32 - Moyens pour protéger les convertisseurs autrement que par mise hors circuit automatique
H02H 7/122 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés pour des machines ou appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un chan pour redresseurs pour convertisseurs ou redresseurs statiques pour onduleurs, c. à d. convertisseurs de courant continu en courant alternatif
H02M 1/36 - Moyens pour mettre en marche ou arrêter les convertisseurs
The invention relates to a container (11) for an energy supply system (1), comprising: - a first section (A1) for receiving an air-conditioning unit (9) and/or a control unit (10) during the transport of the container (11) and for operating the energy supply system (1), and - a second section (A2) for receiving an energy conversion unit (3) during the transport of the container (11). The energy conversion unit (3) is designed to be removable from the container (11), and the second section (A2) has fixing means for shelf units (6) such that after the energy conversion unit (3) is removed, the shelf units (6) can be mounted on the fixing means and populated with storage modules (15) in order to start up the energy supply system (1). The invention additionally relates to an energy supply system (1) with a container (11) according to the invention and to a method for providing an energy supply system (1). (Significant figure is figure 1)
What is described is a method for operating an electrolysis device (10) having a converter (12) that is connected, at its AC voltage side, to an AC voltage grid (15) via a decoupling inductor (13) and draws an AC active power from the AC voltage grid (15), and an electrolyzer (11) that is connected, at its DC voltage side, to the converter (12) and, at a grid frequency that corresponds to a nominal frequency of the AC voltage grid (15) and is constant over time, is operated at an electric power that is between 50% and 100% of a nominal power of the electrolyzer (11), wherein the converter (12) is operated with voltage impression such that the AC active power drawn from the AC voltage grid (15) is changed directly depending on a change and/or a rate of change of the grid frequency in the AC voltage grid (15). What are also described are an electrolysis device and a method for providing instantaneous reserve power for an AC voltage grid.
H02J 3/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif pour règler la tension dans des réseaux à courant alternatif par changement d'une caractéristique de la charge du réseau par interruption, ou mise en circuit, des charges du réseau, p.ex. charge équilibrée progressivement
C25B 15/02 - Commande ou régulation des opérations
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
98.
METHOD FOR PROVIDING CONTROL POWER FOR AN ALTERNATING VOLTAGE SYSTEM BY MEANS OF AN ENERGY-GENERATING PLANT
The invention relates to an energy-generating plant (2) and to a method for providing control power for an alternating voltage system (1) by means of an energy-generating plant (2), the energy-generating plant (2) comprising a photovoltaic generator (4) and a stored energy source (5), the energy-generating plant (2) exchanging a total electrical power (P_Netz) with the alternating voltage system (1), the total power (P_Netz) exchanged being set as a function of a current maximum PV power (P_MPP), a predefinable basic PV power (P_PV_0) between zero and the maximum PV power (P_MPP), and a provided or required control power. The method comprises the following steps: - if no control power is required: feeding in a basic total power (P_Netz_0) comprising the basic PV power (P_PV_0); - if negative control power is required: reducing the PV power (P_PV) in comparison with the basic PV power (P_PV_0); - if positive control power is required: drawing a battery power (P_Batt) from the stored energy source (5) if the required positive control power is greater than the difference between the maximum PV power (P_MPP) and the basic PV power (P_PV_0).
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
H02J 3/46 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs contrôlant la répartition de puissance entre les générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
99.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION HAVING A PLURALITY OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES, CONTROL UNIT, AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION HAVING SUCH A CONTROL UNIT
Αnl,SollΑnlGer,Soll,iGer,iΑnlΑnlΑnl,sollΑnlΑnl,sollΑnl,soll, or otherwise the installation is operated in the first stage. A control unit (3) and such an installation (1) are likewise described.
H02J 3/14 - Circuits pour réseaux principaux ou de distribution, à courant alternatif pour règler la tension dans des réseaux à courant alternatif par changement d'une caractéristique de la charge du réseau par interruption, ou mise en circuit, des charges du réseau, p.ex. charge équilibrée progressivement
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
H02J 3/38 - Dispositions pour l’alimentation en parallèle d’un seul réseau, par plusieurs générateurs, convertisseurs ou transformateurs
100.
METHOD FOR SUPPLYING ELECTRICITY TO THE CONTROLLER OF AN INVERTER, FACILITY COMPONENT, INVERTER AND ENERGY GENERATION FACILITY HAVING SUCH A FACILITY COMPONENT
The application describes a method for supplying electricity to an inverter (1) through an AC voltage, wherein the inverter (1) has an AC voltage (AC) output (11) for connecting the inverter (1) to an AC voltage (AC) grid (21), a DC voltage (DC) input (12) for connecting the inverter (1) to a DC source (19), a DC-to-AC converter (2) for converting a DC voltage of the DC source (19) to an AC voltage, and a control unit (3) for controlling the DC-to-AC converter (2). The control unit (3) is connected to a switching unit (8) that is configured to supply the control unit (3) via the AC grid (21) connected to the AC output (11) in a first switching state, and to supply the control unit (3) via an auxiliary energy source (22) providing an AC voltage in a second switching state, which auxiliary energy source is disconnected from the AC output (11) in the second switching state of the switching unit (8). The inverter (1) furthermore has a grid monitoring unit (4) that is configured to detect a property of an AC voltage present in the AC grid (21). The method includes the method steps of: - operating the switching unit (8) in the second switching state when the AC voltage is not detected in the AC grid (21) or the property, detected by the grid monitoring unit (4), of the AC voltage prevailing in the AC grid (21) does not meet predefined criteria, and - operating the switching unit (8) in the first switching state when the property, detected by the grid monitoring unit (4), of the AC voltage prevailing in the AC grid (21) meets the predefined criteria. The application additionally discloses a facility component (17) suitable for performing the method and having an inverter (1) and a switching unit (8), an inverter (1) suitable for use within the facility component (17) and an energy generation facility (EEA) having at least one such inverter.
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H02M 1/10 - Dispositions comprenant des moyens de conversion, pour permettre l'alimentation à volonté d'une charge par des sources de puissance de nature différente, p.ex. à courant alternatif ou à courant continu