The present disclosure provides methods for preparing a preparation of amplified DNA derived from a blood sample of a pregnant woman useful for identifying pregnancies having high risks of preterm birth, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, spontaneous termination, and/or non-livebirth, comprising: (a) extracting cell-free DNA from the blood sample; (b) performing targeted multiplex amplification on the extracted DNA to amplify 200-20,000 SNP loci in a single reaction volume; and (c) performing high-throughput sequencing on the amplified DNA to obtain sequence reads and using the sequence reads to determine the ploidy state of the one or more chromosomes of interest; wherein a fetal fraction of less than 2.8% and/or no-call of the ploidy state of the one or more chromosomes of interest is indicative of pregnancies having high risks of preterm birth, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, spontaneous termination, and/or non-livebirth.
C12Q 1/6883 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
The invention provides methods for preparing a preparation of amplified DNA derived from a biological sample of a pregnant woman useful for identifying neoplasm in a pregnant woman, comprising: (a) isolating cell-free DNA from a biological sample of a pregnant woman comprising a mixture of fetal cell-free DNA and maternal cell-free DNA; (b) preparing a preparation of amplified DNA by performing targeted multiplex amplification on the isolated cell-free DNA to amplify at least 100 polymorphic loci; (c) analyzing the preparation of amplified DNA by sequencing the amplified DNA to obtain sequence reads of the at least 100 polymorphic loci and using the sequence reads to identify copy number variations (CNVs) in fetal and maternal chromosomes or chromosomal segments of interest, and identifying neoplasm in the pregnant woman by the presence of two or more of CNVs in the maternal chromosomes or chromosomal segments of interest.
C12Q 1/6883 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
C12Q 1/6886 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
The invention provides methods for determining the growth rate of ctDNA, comprising (a) sequencing nucleic acids isolated from a biological sample of a cancer patient to identify patient-specific cancer mutations; (b) quantify the amount of ctDNA in a first liquid biopsy sample collected from the cancer patient by performing a multiplex amplification reaction to amplify target loci from cfDNA isolated from the first liquid biopsy sample, wherein each target locus spans at least one patient-specific cancer mutation, and sequencing the amplified target loci to identify the patient-specific cancer mutations and quantify the amount of ctDNA in the first liquid biopsy sample; (c) quantify the amount of ctDNA in a second liquid biopsy sample collected from the cancer patient by performing a multiplex amplification reaction to amplify target loci from cfDNA isolated from the second liquid biopsy sample, wherein each target locus spans at least one patient-specific cancer mutation, and sequencing the amplified target loci to identify the patient-specific cancer mutations and quantify the amount of ctDNA in the second liquid biopsy sample; and (d) determining the growth rate of the ctDNA between the first and second liquid biopsy samples.
C12Q 1/6886 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
The present disclosure provides methods for preparation and analysis of biological samples of transplant recipients for determination of transplant rejection, comprising: (a) measuring the amount of Torque teno virus (TTV) in a blood, plasma, serum, or urine sample of a transplant recipient; (b) measuring the amount of donor-derived cell-free DNA in a blood, plasma, serum, or urine sample of the transplant recipient; and (c) determining whether the amount of donor-derived cell-free DNA or a function thereof exceeds a cutoff threshold indicating transplant rejection and whether the transplant recipient has an increased or decreased amount of TTV indicating decreased or increased immune response, respectively.
C12Q 1/6806 - Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
C12Q 1/6883 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
C12Q 1/70 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
5.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF DONOR-DERIVED CELL-FREE DNA IN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS OF MULTIPLE ORGANS
The present disclosure provides methods of amplifying and sequencing DNA, comprising: extracting cell-free DNA from a blood, plasma, serum or urine sample of a transplant recipient who has received transplantation of one or more organs including simultaneous or sequential transplantation of multiple organs, wherein the extracted cell-free DNA comprises donor-derived cell-free DNA and recipient-derived cell-free DNA; performing targeted amplification at 200-50,000 target loci in a single reaction volume using 200-50,000 primer pairs, wherein the target loci comprise polymorphic loci and non-polymorphic loci; sequencing the amplification products by high-throughput sequencing to obtain a sequencing reads and quantifying the amount of donor-derived cell-free DNA and the amount of total cell-free DNA based on the sequencing reads; and determining whether the amount of donor-derived cell-free DNA or a function thereof exceeds a cutoff threshold indicating transplant rejection or graft injury.
C12Q 1/6883 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
The present disclosure provides methods for quantifying the amount of total cell-free DNA in a biological sample, comprising: isolating cell-free DNA from the biological sample, wherein a first Tracer DNA composition is added before or after isolation of the cell-free DNA; performing targeted amplification at 100 or more different target loci in a single reaction volume using 100 or more different primer pairs; sequencing the amplification products by high-throughput sequencing to generate sequencing reads; and quantifying the amount of total cell-free DNA using sequencing reads derived from the first Tracer DNA composition.
C12Q 1/6883 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
Provided herein are improved methods of determining the sequences of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The methods in certain embodiments are used for the analysis of circulating DNA in serum samples, such as circulating fetal DNA, circulating donor derived DNA, or circulating tumor DNA. In certain embodiments, the methods include selectively enriching trinucleosomal, dinucleosomal, mononucleosomal or sub-mononucleosomal DNA from the isolated cfDNA.
The invention provides methods for characterizing and analyzing circulating cells. In particular, the invention provides methods for confirming the identity of an individual cell and that the obtained sample was derived from a single cell of a defined identity. Additional methods are provided for analyzing single cell samples to determine copy number variation and aneuploidy in the context of circulating fetal cells, microdeletions, single nucleic acid variations associated with cancer, or early relapse of cancer and metastasis.
C12Q 1/6806 - Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
C12Q 1/6886 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
9.
METHODS FOR CANCER DETECTION AND MONITORING BY MEANS OF PERSONALIZED DETECTION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA
The invention provides methods for detecting single nucleotide variants in breast cancer, bladder cancer, or colorectal cancer. Additional methods and compositions, such as reaction mixtures and solid supports comprising clonal populations of nucleic acids, are provided. For example, provided here is a method for monitoring and detection of early relapse or metastasis of breast cancer, bladder cancer, or colorectal cancer, comprising generating a set of amplicons by performing a multiplex amplification reaction on nucleic acids isolated from a sample of blood or urine or a fraction thereof from a patient who has been treated for a breast cancer, bladder cancer, or colorectal cancer, wherein each amplicon of the set of amplicons spans at least one single nucleotide variant locus of a set of patient-specific single nucleotide variant loci associated with the breast cancer, bladder cancer, or colorectal cancer; and determining the sequence of at least a segment of each amplicon of the set of amplicons that comprises a patient-specific single nucleotide variant locus, wherein detection of one or more patient-specific single nucleotide variants is indicative of early relapse or metastasis of breast cancer, bladder cancer, or colorectal cancer.
C12Q 1/6886 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
Disclosed here is a composition comprising a primer that is (a) a loopable primer comprising a target-specific section, an adaptor section, and a stem-forming section, wherein the stem-forming section is hybridizable to a portion of the target-specific section to form a stem structure, or (b) a split primer comprising a first target-specific section, a second target-specific section, and an adaptor section positioned between the first target-specific section and the second target-specific section, or (c) a split-loopable primer comprising a first target-specific section, a second target-specific section, a stem-forming section positioned between the first target-specific section and the second target-specific section, and an adaptor section, or comprising a first adaptor section, a second adaptor section, a stem-forming section positioned between the first adaptor section and the second adaptor section, and a target-specific section. Also disclosed is a method for amplifying a target locus of interest from a template DNA, comprising at least two pre-amplification cycles using the loopable primer, the split primer and/or the split-loopable primer, wherein each amplification cycle comprises annealing the primer to the template DNA or pre-amplification product thereof and elongating the annealed primer. Further disclosed is a kit for amplifying a target locus of interest, comprising the loopable primer, the split primer, and/or the split-loopable primer.
The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for sequencing nucleic acid molecules and identifying individual sample nucleic acid molecules using Molecular Index Tags (MITs). Furthermore, reaction mixtures, kits, and adapter libraries are provided.
The invention relates to subject-specific methods for detecting recurrence of tumours based on an understanding of the clonal/subclonal mutation profile of the subject's tumour and detection of the mutations in their cell-free DNA (cfDNA), typically by multiplex PCR of tumour mutations such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs).
C12Q 1/6886 - Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
The invention provides methods for detecting single nucleotide variants in lung cancer, especially stage 3a lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Additional methods and compositions, such as reaction mixtures and solid supports comprising clonal populations of nucleic acids, are provided.
The invention provides methods, systems, and computer readable medium for detecting ploidy of chromosome segments or entire chromosomes based on phasing of the alleles and determination of individual and joint probabilities and a best-fit model. In some aspects, the invention provides methods, systems, and computer readable medium for detecting cancer or a chromosomal abnormality in a gestating fetus. The invention also provides methods for detecting circulating tumor nucleic acids based on the level of allelic imbalance present at the polymorphic loci found by ploidy determination. The invention also provides a method for detecting single nucleotide variants based on an estimation of amplification efficiency and error rate and a method for detecting single nucleotide variants based on a median variant allele frequency for a plurality of control samples from individuals.
The invention provides methods for simultaneously amplifying multiple nucleic acid regions of interest in one reaction volume as well as methods for selecting a library of primers for use in such amplification methods. The invention also provides library of primers with desirable characteristics, such as minimal formation of amplified primer dimers or other non-target amplicons.
C40B 40/06 - Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
C12P 19/34 - Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides
C40B 30/04 - Methods of screening libraries by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding
The present disclosure provides methods for determining the ploidy status of a chromosome in a gestating fetus from genotypic data measured from a mixed sample of DNA comprising DNA from both the mother of the fetus and from the fetus, and optionally from genotypic data from the mother and father. The ploidy state is determined by using a joint distribution model to create a plurality of expected allele distributions for different possible fetal ploidy states given the parental genotypic data, and comparing the expected allelic distributions to the pattern of measured allelic distributions measured in the mixed sample, and choosing the ploidy state whose expected allelic distribution pattern most closely matches the observed allelic distribution pattern. The mixed sample of DNA may be preferentially enriched at a plurality of polymorphic loci in a way that minimizes the allelic bias, for example using massively multiplexed targeted PCR.
Methods for non-invasive prenatal paternity testing are disclosed herein. The method uses genetic measurements made on plasma taken from a pregnant mother, along with genetic measurements of the alleged father, and genetic measurements of the mother, to determine whether or not the alleged father is the biological father of the fetus. This is accomplished by way of an informatics based method that can compare the genetic fingerprint of the fetal DNA found in maternal plasma to the genetic fingerprint of the alleged father.
A composition comprising a sample of preferentially enriched DNA, wherein the sample of preferentially; enriched DNA has been preferentially enriched at a plurality of polymorphic loci from a first sample of DNA, wherein the degree of enrichment is selected from the group consisting of at least 10, at least 100, at least 1,000, at least 10,000, at least 100,000, and at least 1,000,000, and wherein the allelic bias between the first sample and the preferentially enriched sample is, on average, selected from the group consisting of less than 1000%, less than 500%, less than 200%, less than 100%, less than 50%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.2%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.02%, and less than 0.01%.
Methods for non-invasive prenatal ploidy calling are disclosed herein. Methods for determining the ploidy status of a chromosome in a gestating fetus from genotypic data measured from a sample of DNA from the mother of the fetus and from the fetus, and from genotypic data from the mother and optionally also from the father are disclosed herein. The ploidy state is determined by using a joint distribution model to create a set of expected allele distributions for different possible fetal ploidy states given the parental genotypic data, and comparing the expected allelic distributions to the pattern of measured allelic distributions measured in the mixed sample, and choosing the ploidy state whose expected allelic distribution pattern most closely matches the observed allelic distribution pattern. In an embodiment, the mixed sample of DNA may be preferentially enriched at a plurality of polymorphic loci in a way that minimizes the allelic bias.
A method for estimating the fetal fraction of fetal cell-free DNA in a maternal blood sample from a pregnant mother of a fetus. The method comprises a) isolating DNA from the maternal blood sample, wherein the DNA comprises fetal and maternal cell-free DNA from the fetus and from the pregnant mother, wherein the cell-free DNA comprises target loci, and wherein the target loci comprise at least 1,000 polymorphic loci; b) performing multiplex PCR to amplify the cell-free DNA comprising target loci; c) measuring an amount of the target loci by performing next generation sequencing; and d) estimating the fetal fraction of fetal cell- free DNA in the maternal blood sample using the measured amounts of target loci.
Disclosed herein are methods for determining the copy number of a chromosome in a fetus in the context of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. In an embodiment, the measured genetic data from a sample of genetic material that contains both fetal DNA and maternal DNA is analyzed, along with the genetic data from the biological parents of the fetus, and the copy number of the chromosome of interest is determined. In an embodiment, the maternal serum is measured using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray, along with parental genomic data, and the determination of the chromosome copy number is used to make clinical decisions pertaining to the fetus.
Disclosed herein is a system and method for making allele calls, and for determining the ploidy state, in one or a small set of cells, or where a limited quantity of genetic data is available. Poorly or incorrectly measured base pairs, missing alle-les and missing regions are reconstructed and the haplotypes are determined using expected similarities between the target genome and the knowledge of the genomes of genetically related individuals. In one embodiment, incomplete genetic data from an embry-onic cell are reconstructed at a plurality of loci using the genetic data from both parents, and possibly one or more sperm and/or sibling embryos. In another embodiment, the chromosome copy number can be determined using the same input data. In another embodiment, these determinations are made for embryo selection during IVF, for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, or for making phenotypic predictions.
Disclosed herein is a system and method for making allele calls, and for determining the ploidy state, in one or a small set of cells, or where a limited quantity of genetic data is available. Poorly or incorrectly measured base pairs, missing alle-les and missing regions are reconstructed and the haplotypes are determined using expected similarities between the target genome and the knowledge of the genomes of genetically related individuals. In one embodiment, incomplete genetic data from an embry-onic cell are reconstructed at a plurality of loci using the genetic data from both parents, and possibly one or more sperm and/or sibling embryos. In another embodiment, the chromosome copy number can be determined using the same input data. In another embodiment, these determinations are made for embryo selection during IVF, for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, or for making phenotypic predictions.
A system and method for determining the genetic data for one or a small set of cells, or from fragmentary DNA, where a limited quantity of genetic data is available, and also for predicting likely phenotypic outcomes using mathematical models and given genetic, phenotypic and/or clinical data of an individual, and also relevant aggregated medical data consisting of genotypic, phenotypic, and/or clinical data from germane patient subpopulations. Genetic data for the target individual is acquired and amplified using known methods, and poorly measured base pairs, missing alleles and missing regions are reconstructed using expected similarities between the target genome and the genome of genetically related subjects.
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