A satellite receiver includes: demultiplexing units each demultiplexing, into subchannel signals of a predetermined band, a digital reception signal obtained by converting a calibration signal received by a corresponding one of receiving antenna elements into a digital signal; excitation coefficient multiplication units multiplying the subchannel signals by an excitation coefficient; a complex adder adding the subchannel signals multiplied by the excitation coefficient together for each subchannel signal of the same band; a correlation detection unit calculating, with the use of one demultiplexing unit as a reference demultiplexing unit, a cross-correlation value for each subchannel signal output from each demultiplexing unit different from the reference demultiplexing unit with respect to a subchannel signal of a same band output from the reference demultiplexing unit; and an excitation coefficient generation unit generating a corrected excitation coefficient based on a cross-correlation value and an excitation coefficient created in advance.
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
An MMC-type power conversion device includes a failure detection unit that detects presence or absence of failure of each of n upper arm current detectors and n lower arm current detectors. The failure detection unit makes a first determination based on comparison between a sum of detection values of n upper arm current detectors and the sum of detection values of n lower arm current detectors, a second determination based on comparison between a current command value and the sum of detection values of n upper arm current detectors, a third determination based on comparison between a current command value and the sum of detection values of n lower arm current detectors, and a fourth determination of comparing, for each phase, the sum of detection values of the current detectors of an upper arm and a lower arm of the same phase.
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
3.
HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF, AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS
There are provided a heat exchanger having a flat tube and a fin bonded together, without causing melting of a coating material covering the fin, and a method of manufacturing thereof. A heat exchanger includes: a flat tube having a flat cross-sectional shape and covered with an anticorrosive layer; and a fin bonded to the flat tube with a bonding agent on a first surface of the anticorrosive layer interposed therebetween, and covered with a coating material, the first surface of the anticorrosive layer having been roughened, and the bonding agent being fixed to the roughened first surface.
Provided is a communication system, etc. with low latency and high reliability, under New Radio (NR). A communication system includes a communication terminal device, and a plurality of nodes configured to be connected to the communication terminal device for radio communication and to provide a split bearer for the communication terminal device. The communication terminal device is configured to perform uplink transmission to an uplink transmission node among the plurality of nodes. The uplink transmission node is determined by an uplink transmission node determination process in which a node that provides the uplink transmission from the communication terminal device with lower latency among the plurality of nodes is determined as the uplink transmission node.
An equipment state monitoring device includes: a feature amount extracting unit to extract a feature amount of operation data in which a state of equipment is measured; an operation pattern determining unit to determine whether an operation pattern of the equipment when the operation data is measured is a learned pattern in which a determination range of a state of the equipment is learned or an unlearned pattern; a feature amount correcting unit to correct the feature amount of the operation data corresponding to the operation pattern determined as the unlearned pattern to correspond to the learned pattern on a basis of a relationship between an operation pattern of the equipment and a feature amount of operation data; and an equipment state determining unit to determine a state of the equipment on a basis of the corrected feature amount and a determination range of a state of the equipment.
All of four of built-in gate resistance trenches function as practical built-in gate resistance trenches. A first end portion of each of four of the built-in gate resistance trenches is electrically connected to a wiring side contact region of a gate wiring via a wiring contact. A second end portion of each of four of the built-in gate resistance trenches is electrically connected to a pad side contact region of a gate pad via a pad contact. In each of four of the built-in gate resistance trenches, a distance between the wiring contact and the pad contact is defined as an inter-contact distance.
H01L 27/06 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
H01L 23/482 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body
A semiconductor apparatus includes: a semiconductor substrate; a diffusion layer; a first depletion prevention region; a channel stopper electrode, a monitor electrode and an insulating film. The inner edge portion of the monitor electrode is positioned between the diffusion layer and the first depletion prevention region. A distance between the outer edge portion of the channel stopper electrode and the inner edge portion of the monitor electrode is a first distance. A distance between the diffusion layer and the first depletion prevention region is a second distance. The first and second distances are set so that a discharge voltage between the channel stopper electrode and the monitor electrode becomes greater than an avalanche breakdown voltage at a PN junction portion of the diffusion layer and the semiconductor substrate.
An image-based acceptance learning device (2) learns a result of determination as to whether a planar object (1) is acceptable or defective based on at least one of a three-dimensional shape or a color on a surface of the planar object (1). The device (2) includes a surface image receiver (3) to receive an inputted two-dimensional data being image data of the surface of the planar object (1), a determination information receiver (4) to receive an inputted determination information indicating the result of determination as to whether the planar object (1) corresponding to the two-dimensional data is acceptable or defective, and a learner (5) to learn, based on the two-dimensional data and the determination information, a relevant area (1R) including the three-dimensional shape or the color on the surface in the two-dimensional data. The relevant area is a basis for the determination information.
H04N 1/03 - PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION - Details thereof - Details of scanning heads for picture-information pick-up with photodetectors arranged in a substantially linear array
H04N 1/00 - PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION - Details thereof
G01N 21/956 - Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
9.
METHOD FOR PERFORMING A HANDOVER BETWEEN A FIRST CELL AND A SECOND CELL, USER EQUIPMENT AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
A method implemented by a user equipment performs a handover between a first cell and a second cell in a network comprising a satellite communication network, the first cell and the second cell being supported by one or more satellites of the satellite communication network, the first cell corresponding to a first base station and the second cell corresponding to a second base station, at least the first cell being supported by a non-geostationary orbit satellite of the satellite communication network, the method including: determining a value to be used as a timing advance in the second cell; and performing an uplink transmission with the second base station using the value to be used as a timing advance in the second cell.
An air-conditioning apparatus includes a bypass pipe through which part of refrigerant discharged from a discharge port of a compressor flows. Heating components provided on a substrate of the controller include a first heating component and a second heating component that generates a smaller amount of heat than the first heating component. The first heating component is provided such that a longitudinal direction of the first heating component is parallel to a flow direction of the refrigerant in the bypass pipe, the longitudinal direction being a direction in which long sides of the first heating component extend. The second heating component is provided such that a widthwise direction of the second heating component is parallel to the flow direction of the refrigerant in the bypass pipe, the widthwise direction being a direction in which short sides of the second heating component extend.
A semiconductor module includes a first power semiconductor device, a conductive wire, and a resin film. The conductive wire is joined to a surface of a first front electrode of the first power semiconductor device. The resin film is formed to be continuous on at least one of an end portion or an end portion of a first joint between the first front electrode and the conductive wire in a longitudinal direction of the conductive wire, a surface of the first front electrode, and a surface of the conductive wire. The resin film has an elastic elongation rate of 4.5% to 10.0%.
H01L 23/31 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings characterised by the arrangement
H01L 25/065 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups , or in a single subclass of ,
H01L 23/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
12.
DRIVING ASSISTANCE DEVICE AND DRIVING ASSIST METHOD
An environmental information acquiring unit (11) to acquire environmental information on an environment around a mobile object, an action information acquiring unit (12) to acquire action information on an action of a driver of the mobile object, a calculation unit (13) to obtain control information for performing automated driving control of the mobile object on the basis of the environmental information acquired by the environmental information acquiring unit (11) and a machine learning model (18) that uses the environmental information as an input and outputs the control information, a contribution information determining unit (14) to determine contribution information having a high degree of contribution to the control information on the basis of the environmental information and the control information, a cognitive information calculating unit (15) to calculate cognitive information indicating a cognitive region of the driver in the environment around the mobile object on the basis of the action information and the environmental information, a specification unit (16) to specify unrecognized contribution information estimated not to be recognized by the driver on the basis of the contribution information and the cognitive information, and an information output control unit (17) to output driving assistance information necessary for driving assistance on the basis of the unrecognized contribution information specified by the specification unit (16) are provided.
B60W 50/14 - Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
B60W 60/00 - Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
B60W 40/08 - Estimation or calculation of driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit related to drivers or passengers
B60W 40/02 - Estimation or calculation of driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit related to ambient conditions
G06V 20/58 - Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
G06V 10/82 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
G06N 3/04 - Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
Increase in weight of a rotary electric machine including a low-speed rotor in which a spacer made of metal is provided between a plurality of magnetic pole pieces, can be suppressed. The rotary electric machine includes a stator, a first rotor provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the stator, and a second rotor provided coaxially with the first rotor. The first rotor includes a plurality of magnetic pole pieces disposed so as to be arranged in the circumferential direction, a plurality of spacers respectively disposed between the plurality of magnetic pole pieces, two dampers respectively disposed at both end portions in the axial direction, and a fastening tool for fastening each spacer to a corresponding clamper. The spacer has a cavity portion. The spacer and the fastening tool are electrically insulated from each other.
Provided here are: a mounting section having a light-emitting element for emitting an optical signal; a mounting section arranged alongside the mounting section and having a light-emitting element for emitting an optical signal that is different in wavelength from the optical signal; and an optical multiplexer having a filter for transmitting therethrough only the wavelength of the optical signal, a mirror for reflecting the optical signal transmitted through the filter, and a filter arranged alongside the filter, for transmitting therethrough only the wavelength of the optical signal, and for reflecting the optical signal reflected by the mirror and multiplexing it with the transmitted optical signal; wherein the light-emitting element is mounted in the mounting section to be displaced toward the light-emitting element from a center in a width direction across an emission direction of the optical signal.
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
A Doherty amplifier includes: a first amplifier to amplify a first signal as an auxiliary amplifier in a case where a frequency of each of the first signal and a second signal is a first frequency, and amplify the first signal as a main amplifier in a case where the frequency of each of the first signal and the second signal is a second frequency; a second amplifier to amplify the second signal as a main amplifier in a case where the frequency of each of the first signal and the second signal is the first frequency, and amplify the second signal as an auxiliary amplifier in a case where the frequency of each of the first signal and the second signal is the second frequency; and a combiner to synthesize the first signal amplified by the first amplifier and the second signal amplified by the second amplifier.
An exercise necessity degree determination unit (13) determines an exercise necessity degree being a degree to which an elevator user needs to exercise, who uses an elevator (50) provided in a building provided with an inter-floor travel means other than the elevator. A floor decision unit (14) changes based on the exercise necessity degree of the elevator user determined by the exercise necessity degree determination unit (13), at least one of a boarding floor and an alighting floor of the elevator (50) from a floor that the elevator user prefers to another floor so as to let the elevator user use the inter-floor travel means before the elevator user reaches a destination floor to which the elevator user intends to go.
A policy storage unit (105) stores a plurality of password policies each describing an approval requirement for a password used for authentication of a user, and each enabling the password to be approved as a legitimate password when the password conforms to at least one of the plurality of password policies. A policy extraction unit (100) extracts one or more password policies from among the plurality of password policies. An authentication-information acquisition unit (101) acquires authentication information including the password. A conformity determination unit (102) determines whether or not the password included in the authentication information conforms to at least one password policy among the one or more password policies. An authentication-information registration unit (103) registers the authentication information as registration information when the conformity determination unit (102) determines that the password conforms to at least one password policy.
A stator includes: a stator core including a plurality of stator teeth in a circumferential direction with respect to a center of rotation of a rotary electric machine; a stator coil disposed on a bottom portion side of each of a plurality of stator slots formed between the stator teeth; and a stator magnet disposed on an opening side of each of the plurality of stator slots and having the same polarity in a radial direction. In each of the stator slots, a plate-shaped fixing member is provided between the stator coil and the stator magnet so as to be fitted to opposed two wall surfaces of the stator slot, and a magnetic body is provided between the stator coil and the stator magnet.
A semiconductor device includes an insulating layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The semiconductor device includes at least one semiconductor element located on a side of the first surface. The semiconductor device includes a first metal sinter and a second metal sinter. The first metal sinter is in contact with the first surface of the insulating layer and the semiconductor element, and bonds the insulating layer and the semiconductor element. The second metal sinter is in contact with the second surface of the insulating layer.
H01L 27/07 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration the components having an active region in common
20.
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
A semiconductor device includes a multi-layer board which a wiring pattern and a grounding pattern are formed. A plurality of semiconductor elements are mounted on the multi-layer board. An insulating sealing member is provided on the multi-layer board and is covering the plurality of semiconductor elements. A metal film is provided on the insulating sealing member. An in-groove metal is provided in contact with a plurality of grooves extending from a side-surface upper end of the insulating sealing member to a side-surface lower end of the multi-layer board. An in-hole metal is provided in an inner wall of a hole penetrating through the insulating sealing member and is extending to the multi-layer board. The in-hole metal is contacting with the metal film and the grounding pattern.
H01L 23/552 - Protection against radiation, e.g. light
H01L 21/56 - Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L 23/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H01L 23/31 - Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings characterised by the arrangement
H01L 23/13 - Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the shape
H01L 23/538 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another the interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips being formed on, or in, insulating substrates
H01L 25/065 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/00 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices
A first multiplex circuit generates a first multiplex signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing a first real part and a first imaginary part of a first complex number. A second multiplex circuit generates a second multiplex signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing a second real part and a second imaginary part of a second complex number. A multiply-subtract operation circuit performs a multiply-subtract operation of the first and second multiplex signals. A third multiplex circuit generates a third multiplex signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing the first and second real parts. A fourth multiplex circuit generates a fourth multiplex signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing the first and second imaginary parts. A multiply-accumulate operation circuit performs a multiply-accumulate operation of the third and fourth multiplex signals. A fifth multiplex circuit generates a fifth multiplex signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing output values of the multiply-subtract operation circuit and the multiply-accumulate operation circuit.
G06F 7/544 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using unspecified devices for evaluating functions by calculation
An amplifier circuit is configured in such a way that the amplifier circuit includes: a first amplifier to amplify a signal to be amplified; an output matching circuit through which the signal amplified by the first amplifier propagates; and a second amplifier to amplify the signal which has propagated through the output matching circuit, and the output matching circuit is a lumped constant circuit including multiple lumped constant elements, and, by using the multiple lumped constant elements, transforms the impedance seen on the second amplifier side from the first amplifier when the output power of the second amplifier is lower than saturation electric power, to impedance higher than impedance seen on the second amplifier side from the first amplifier when the output power of the second amplifier is equal to the saturation electric power.
A first correction voltage generation circuit provides a first positive or negative correction voltage for correcting an input voltage. A second correction voltage generation circuit provides a second correction voltage identical in polarity to the first correction voltage in accordance with the first correction voltage. The second correction voltage is generated to have a temperature coefficient reverse in polarity to a temperature coefficient of the first correction voltage.
A time synchronization system includes a master station (100) and slave stations (200) communicably connected to the master station (100). The master station (100) includes a contention determiner (114) and a time synchronization frame processing unit (113). The contention determiner (114) determines, based on receipt timings of a plurality of first time synchronization frames transmitted from the respective slave stations (200), whether the plurality of first time synchronization frames have a possibility of contention over relay processing. The time synchronization frame processing unit (113) discards, when the contention determiner (114) determines that the plurality of first time synchronization frames have the possibility of the contention, out of first time synchronization frames that have a possibility of mutual contention, a first time synchronization frame received later.
H04L 7/04 - Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
25.
VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM, VEHICLE INTEGRATED CONTROL DEVICE, ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE, NETWORK COMMUNICATION DEVICE, VEHICLE CONTROL METHOD AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM
A vehicle control system (500) controls a vehicle whereon a plurality of ECUs (30) and a vehicle integrated control device (10) to control the plurality of ECUs (30) are mounted. The vehicle integrated control device (10) includes a control target value operation unit to calculate a control target value to control the plurality of ECUs (30). Further, the vehicle integrated control device (10) includes a prediction control value operation unit to estimate a state of the vehicle in the future, and to calculate a prediction control value to control the plurality of ECUs (30). The vehicle integrated control device (10) includes an instruction signal generation unit to generate an instruction signal including an operation instruction and a prediction control instruction. Each of the plurality of ECUs (30) includes an actuator control unit to control an actuator (50) based on the prediction control instruction.
B60W 30/095 - Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision
B60W 50/00 - CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT - Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit
B60W 50/02 - Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
B60R 16/023 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
A circuit box is to accommodate a circuit board that has a terminal stand for external wire connection and the circuit box includes a basal wall that has a mount face of which the circuit box is mounted, a side wall that is connected to a periphery of the basal wall and has a wire service entrance, a circuit-board support wall that is located apart from the basal wall and supports the circuit board, and a wire mount stand that has a wire support wall that extends from the wire service entrance in the side wall toward the circuit-board support wall and inclines away from the basal wall.
A peer-to-peer terminal includes a bid data obtaining unit, a bid data transmitter, a contract result calculator, a contract result transmitter, a contract result receiver, and a contract result selector. The bid data obtaining unit obtains bid data. The bid data transmitter transmits the bid data to another peer-to-peer terminal. The contract result calculator calculates a contract result from a bid data set obtained by the bid data obtaining unit and including the bid data. The contract result transmitter transmits the contract result to the other peer-to-peer terminal. The contract result receiver receives, from the other peer-to-peer terminal, another contract result calculated by the other peer-to-peer terminal. The contract result selector selects one contract result from among the contract result and the other contract result.
A semiconductor element bonding substrate according to the present invention includes an insulating plate, and a metal pattern bonded to a main surface of the insulating plate. A main surface of the metal pattern on an opposite side of the insulating plate includes a bonding region to which a semiconductor element is bonded by a solder. The metal pattern includes at least one concave part located in the main surface. The at least one concave part is located closer to an edge of the bonding region in relation to a center part of the bonding region in the bonding region.
A noise intrusion position estimation device includes: a measurement unit including a pair of detection units to simultaneously measure a temporal change of waveforms of noise on a transmission cable at two separated observation points in the transmission cable; and a calculation unit to receive, from the measurement unit a pair of the waveforms of the noise simultaneously measured, to time-reverse the pair of the waveforms of the noise that has been received, to perform transmission path analysis in which the two observation points are set as positions of signal sources of the time-reversed noise and the time-reversed waveforms are set as excitation waveforms in a transmission line model in which electrical characteristics of the transmission cable are represented, and to output a position of a peak value obtained from a result of the transmission path analysis as an intrusion position of the noise into the transmission cable.
Provided is a resolver capable of increasing an accuracy of a detected angle of the resolver. The resolver includes: a stator; and a rotor, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of salient poles; wherein the stator includes: a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a plurality of winding groups each of which is provided on each of the plurality of teeth, wherein the winding groups are divided into two systems, wherein the numbers of turns of the excitation windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of Ne-th spatial order, wherein each of the numbers of turns of a first output windings and the numbers of turns of a second output windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of |Ne±Nx|-th spatial order, and wherein the following expressions are satisfied,
Provided is a resolver capable of increasing an accuracy of a detected angle of the resolver. The resolver includes: a stator; and a rotor, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of salient poles; wherein the stator includes: a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a plurality of winding groups each of which is provided on each of the plurality of teeth, wherein the winding groups are divided into two systems, wherein the numbers of turns of the excitation windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of Ne-th spatial order, wherein each of the numbers of turns of a first output windings and the numbers of turns of a second output windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of |Ne±Nx|-th spatial order, and wherein the following expressions are satisfied,
Nout1=N1 cos{|Ne±Nx|(i−1)/Ns×2Π+α},
Provided is a resolver capable of increasing an accuracy of a detected angle of the resolver. The resolver includes: a stator; and a rotor, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of salient poles; wherein the stator includes: a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a plurality of winding groups each of which is provided on each of the plurality of teeth, wherein the winding groups are divided into two systems, wherein the numbers of turns of the excitation windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of Ne-th spatial order, wherein each of the numbers of turns of a first output windings and the numbers of turns of a second output windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of |Ne±Nx|-th spatial order, and wherein the following expressions are satisfied,
Nout1=N1 cos{|Ne±Nx|(i−1)/Ns×2Π+α},
Nout2=N1 cos{|Ne±Nx|(i−1)/Ns×2Π+β}, and
Provided is a resolver capable of increasing an accuracy of a detected angle of the resolver. The resolver includes: a stator; and a rotor, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of salient poles; wherein the stator includes: a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a plurality of winding groups each of which is provided on each of the plurality of teeth, wherein the winding groups are divided into two systems, wherein the numbers of turns of the excitation windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of Ne-th spatial order, wherein each of the numbers of turns of a first output windings and the numbers of turns of a second output windings are distributed in a form of a sine wave of |Ne±Nx|-th spatial order, and wherein the following expressions are satisfied,
Nout1=N1 cos{|Ne±Nx|(i−1)/Ns×2Π+α},
Nout2=N1 cos{|Ne±Nx|(i−1)/Ns×2Π+β}, and
90(deg)<|α−β|<140(deg).
G01D 5/20 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
B62D 5/04 - Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
A deterioration degree diagnosis device includes: a charging/discharging control unit configured to control charging or discharging of a battery; a battery information measurement unit configured to measure a voltage and a current of the battery and measure a capacity and voltage transition during charging or discharging; a multiple data integration unit configured to integrate battery capacity voltage data in at least two different sections measured by the battery information measurement unit, and create a battery capacity voltage curve; and a deterioration degree diagnosis unit configured to estimate a deterioration degree of the battery on the basis of the battery capacity voltage curve.
G01R 31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
G01R 31/385 - Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
A power conversion device and a motor system according to the present disclosure comprises an inverter circuit which is connected to a motor, a switch circuit, and a control circuit. The power conversion device and the motor system are characterized in that the inverter circuit and the switch circuit are capable of two-level operation and three-level operation, and the control circuit switches between the two-level operation and the three-level operation on the basis of the motor torque command and the rotational speed command. As a result, it is possible to reduce the total loss in the power conversion device and the motor.
H02P 27/06 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
The present disclosure includes: a holding ring fitted to a rotor and holding a rotor coil of the rotor; and an interpolar jumper wire electrically connecting field poles of the rotor to each other, the interpolar jumper wire being composed of a flexible lead formed by stacking electrically conductive metal plates and a metal wire connected to the flexible lead. In a case where the flexible lead is divided, in terms of positions in a radial direction of the metal plates thereof, at half the number of all the stacked metal plates, an average value of plate thicknesses of metal plates that are disposed on an inner layer side is set to be smaller than an average value of plate thicknesses of metal plates that are disposed on an outer layer side.
An electric motor has a mechanism to detect an overcurrent in an inverter circuit. The electric motor includes a rotor, a stator, and a board. The board includes a power transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a constant voltage diode. The power transistor is included in the inverter circuit, which is configured to change a direction of a current that flows through a winding of the stator. The first resistor is provided between the power transistor and a ground terminal, and configured to detect an overcurrent in the inverter circuit. The second resistor is provided between the power transistor and the first resistor, and configured to detect a current that flows through the winding of the stator. The constant voltage diode is connected parallel to the first resistor.
H02P 27/06 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
H02K 11/33 - Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
A power converter includes at least one arm having a plurality of converter cells cascaded to each other. Each of the converter cells includes a pair of input/output terminals, a plurality of switching elements, and a power storage element. The power storage element is electrically connected to the input/output terminals through the switching elements. A control device generates a control signal for controlling on and off of the switching elements of each converter cell. The control device generates the control signal by pulse width modulation control based on a modulation command signal including an AC component having a fundamental frequency and corresponding to a command value of an output voltage between the input/output terminals, in each converter cell, such that a harmonic component included in the output voltage and having a predetermined frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency is suppressed.
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor module including a switching device, a first wiring connected to the switching device, a second wiring positioned adjacent to the first wiring and generating induced electromotive force according to a change in an electric current flowing in the first wiring, and a sealing material sealing the switching device, the first wiring and the second wiring, wherein both of one end and the other end of the second wiring are exposed from the sealing material; a substrate including a GND electrode connected to the one end and on which the semiconductor module is mounted; and a diode rectifying the induced electromotive force output from the other end.
H01L 25/07 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups , or in a single subclass of ,
H01L 23/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
A test support method includes a step of obtaining a pre-change image and a post-change image to be displayed on a monitoring and control system, a step of extracting, from the post-change image, multiple symbols that have changed from corresponding symbols in the pre-change image, a step of adding order information to the multiple symbols extracted, and a step of outputting a test image in which the order information is added to the multiple symbols.
G06V 10/44 - Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
G06V 10/764 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using classification, e.g. of video objects
G06V 10/762 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using clustering, e.g. of similar faces in social networks
The data collection management device (10) is connected via a network to a plurality of communication devices (20) performing cyclic communication and includes: a network configuration storage (17) to store network configuration information indicating the communication devices participating in the cyclic communication; a data receiving unit (11) to receive communication data multicast from each communication device (20); a received data storage (12) to store the received communication data as collected data; a received data determination unit (13) to determine whether there is missing data in the collected data and identify unreceived communication data, based on information specifying communication cycles included in the collected data, on information specifying sender communication devices included in the collected data, and on network configuration information; and a retransmission requesting unit (15) to transmit a retransmission request of the unreceived communication data to one of the plurality of communication devices (20).
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
39.
DELAY SYNCHRONIZATION CIRCUIT, CLOCK TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT, AND CLOCK TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION CIRCUIT
A delay synchronization circuit includes a pulse synthesizing circuit to generate a synthesized signal including a first pulse signal synchronized with a reference signal and a second pulse signal synchronized a feedback signal, a VCDL to delay the synthesized signal g and output a delayed synthesized signal, a pulse separation circuit to generate a first separation signal synchronized with a first pulse signal included in the delayed synthesized signal and generate a second separation signal synchronized with a second pulse signal included in the delayed synthesized signal, a circulator to output a first separation signal to a clock reception circuit and then output the first separation signal returned from the clock reception circuit to the pulse synthesizing circuit as the feedback signal, and a delay-amount control circuit to control a delay amount of the delayed synthesized signal according to a phase difference between the reference signal and the second separation signal.
H03L 7/081 - Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop - Details of the phase-locked loop provided with an additional controlled phase shifter
40.
LED-MOUNTED SUBSTRATE, AND SURFACE LIGHT-EMITTING BODY AND VIDEO DISPLAY DEVICE USING SAME
An LED board includes a flexible printed circuit and multiple LED-mounted parts arrayed on the circuit board at regular intervals in a constant direction. The LED-mounted parts each include multiple LEDs. The circuit board includes LED portions including the LED-mounted parts and non-LED portions including no LED-mounted parts that are arrayed alternately. The LED-mounted parts each have, in an array direction in which the LED-mounted parts are arrayed, a dimension equal to an interval between adjacent LED-mounted parts of the arrayed LED-mounted parts. A surface emitter includes multiple LED boards fitted together, with LED-mounted parts on each LED board overlapping non-LED portions of an adjacent LED board of the LED boards. The LED board and the surface emitter with the above structures easily upsize a video display device.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
41.
ATTACK DETECTION SYSTEM, ATTACK DETECTION METHOD, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
A selection unit (312) selects, from among a plurality of one-class classifiers (313) corresponding to mutually different classes, a one-class classifier corresponding to a class into which input data has been classified by multiclass classification on the input data. The selected one-class classifier executes one-class classification on the input data, thereby calculating a score. A determination unit (314) determines whether a result of multiclass classification on the input data is an erroneous result due to an adversarial example attack, on a basis of the calculated score.
A layout creation device is configured to include processing circuitry to acquire position data indicating an installation position of an electrical appliance installed in a space, and to create layout data indicating a layout of the electrical appliance for the space by giving the position data and usage condition data indicating a usage condition of the electrical appliance to a learning model.
G06F 30/13 - Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
An antenna device includes: a dielectric substrate having a feed line and a radiation unit provided on a first surface and having a ground conductor provided on a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a pair of second slits that is provided on a side of the radiation unit facing a side to which the feed line is connected and expands in directions away from each other toward the side to which the feed line is connected when the first surface is viewed from above.
A semiconductor laser module includes a semiconductor laser element that outputs a laser beam, a cathode that is for causing a current to flow through the semiconductor laser element, and a heat sink that dissipates heat generated in the semiconductor laser element. The heat sink includes an anode, a first insulating layer located at a position farther away from the semiconductor laser element than the anode, and a water passage portion located at a position farther away from the semiconductor laser element than the first insulating layer. The water passage portion is formed by metal and includes a part of a flow path of water for dissipation of heat generated in the semiconductor laser element.
An optical space communication transmitting terminal includes: a plurality of transmitters that form a plurality of groups and transmit optical signals having wavelengths different from each other; multiplexers that are provided to each of the groups and outputs optical signals wavelength-multiplexed by multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the transmitters belonging to the group; optical amplifiers that are provided to each of the groups and amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signals; and optical antennas that are provided to each of the groups and transmits the amplified optical signals into space, in which the optical antennas of the groups transmit the optical signals in the same direction.
A semiconductor device includes: a metal block; a semiconductor element fixed to an upper surface of the block with a first joining material; a main terminal fixed to an upper surface of the element with a second joining material; a signal terminal electrically connected to the element; and a mold resin covers the element, the first and second joining materials, a part of the block, of the main and signal terminals. In the element, a current flows in a longitudinal direction. A lower surface of the block is exposed from the resin. The main and the signal terminals are exposed from a side surface of the resin. The main terminal has a first portion in the resin, a second portion continuous with the first portion and bent downward outside the resin, and a third portion continuous with the second portion and substantially parallel to a lower surface of the resin.
An air conditioning system includes a plurality of air conditioners installed on a wall or a ceiling, and an air conditioning assisting device installed at a position at an equal distance from each of the air conditioners on the wall or the ceiling. The air conditioning assisting device includes a thermal image sensor, an assisting side communication unit that receives information relating to operating states of some or all of the air conditioners from some or all of the air conditioners, and transmits commands for air conditioning to some or all of the air conditioners, a storage unit that stores information obtained by the thermal image sensor and information received by the assisting side communication unit, and a processing unit that analyzes the information obtained by the thermal image sensor and the information received by the assisting side communication unit, and generates the commands.
A state detection system includes a server and an apparatus. The apparatus includes one or more internal devices, a first control module, a determination module, a first storage module, and a first communication module. The control module acquires signal information from each internal device. The determination module refers to a first database in the storage module and determines a state of the apparatus from the signal information. The communication module transmits the result of determination and/or the signal information to the server. The server stores a second database for determination of the state of the apparatus. The server determines the state of the apparatus based on the determination result and/or the signal information from the apparatus. The server makes a notification indicating information based on the determination result, transmits data in the second database to the apparatus, and causes the apparatus to update the first database.
The superconducting electromagnet device includes a superconducting coil, a refrigerant container, a refrigerator, a heat exchanger, and a cooling cylinder. The refrigerant container accommodates refrigerant that cools the superconducting coil. The refrigerator includes a refrigeration stage. The heat exchanger is arranged inside the refrigerant container and connected to the refrigeration stage to cool refrigerant gas vaporized from the refrigerant. The cooling cylinder includes a bottom and a peripheral wall erected from an outer edge of the bottom, and is arranged inside the refrigerant container to surround the heat exchanger. The cooling cylinder is provided with an opening, through which the refrigerant gas flows, in the peripheral wall. The cooling cylinder stores liquid refrigerant recondensed by the heat exchanger on the bottom.
A server that is a program providing device includes: a provision processing unit that provides a program part constituting a control program being a program to be executed in a controller; an authentication unit that authenticates an operation simulation module being a program for simulatively performing operation in accordance with the program part on a basis of a result of verification on whether or not the operation simulation module can simulate operation of the controller to be performed by execution of the program part; and an operation checking unit that checks operation of the program part by using the authenticated operation simulation module.
G05B 19/418 - Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), integrated manufacturing systems (IMS), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
52.
DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE, DIAGNOSTIC METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM
A diagnostic apparatus (10) diagnoses the existence of an abnormality in a tool for processing of a processing target by each of multiple working machines. The diagnostic apparatus (10) includes an acquirer (110) and a diagnoser (160). The acquirer (110) acquires program identification information identifying a program executed in each of the working machines, tool information indicating a type of the tool applied to processing, and transition information indicating transition of load in the working machine from the start to the end of the processing executed by execution of the program, at execution of the processing in the working machine. The diagnoser (160) diagnoses whether an index value of the load obtained from the transition information is out of a predetermined range corresponding to a combination of the program identification information, the tool information, and machine information identifying the working machine that transmits the transition information.
A random-number generation unit (301) generates a random bit string. A light-source control unit (302) generates as transmission signal, using a light source, light pulses each of which corresponds to each bit value in the random bit string generated by the random-number generation unit, and emits the light pulses to a reception apparatus. A transmission-side information acquisition unit (305) acquires from a light-source measurement apparatus which has measured the light pulses and has estimated a physical characteristic, the physical characteristic, and acquires from the reception apparatus, a signal reception result of the transmission signal. A transmission-side information generation unit (303) generates a secret key, using the random bit string, the physical characteristic, and the signal reception result.
A frequency deviation change rate computation unit (204) computes a frequency deviation change rate being a change rate per unit time of a frequency deviation between a clock frequency of a synchronization reference device serving as a reference of time synchronization and a clock frequency of a time synchronization device which performs time synchronization with the synchronization reference device. A time correction amount computation unit (205) computes a first correction amount corresponding to a static frequency deviation between the clock frequency of the synchronization reference device and the clock frequency of the time synchronization device, performs time integration of the frequency deviation change rate to compute a second correction amount corresponding to temporal transition of the frequency deviation between the clock frequency of the synchronization reference device and the clock frequency of the time synchronization device, and computes a time correction amount for correcting a time of the time synchronization device with using the first correction amount and the second correction amount. A time correction unit (206) corrects the time of the time synchronization device with using the time correction amount.
Provided are a semiconductor device and an inverter device with a decrease in yield being suppressed by preventing the adhesive from leaking into the inside of the semiconductor device. A heat sink, a wiring board provided on the heat sink, a semiconductor chip provided on the wiring board, a case housing provided on the heat sink so as to surround the wiring board and the semiconductor chip, an adhesive that adheres a lower surface joint portion of the case housing and an upper surface joint portion of the heat sink, a sealing material that fills the case housing and covers the wiring board and the semiconductor chip, and a convex portion provided on the lower surface joint portion of the case housing or the upper surface joint portion of the heat sink, that separates the adhesive from the sealing material are included.
H01L 23/10 - Containers; Seals characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts, e.g. between cap and base of the container or between leads and walls of the container
H01L 23/367 - Cooling facilitated by shape of device
56.
SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT DEVICE, AND TERMINAL
To achieve an objective to enable a plurality of management business operators managing space objects flying in space, to share and carry out danger analysis efficiently. In a space traffic management system (500), a plurality of space traffic management devices (100) are connected to each other via a communication line. Each of the plurality of space traffic management devices includes a space information recorder (101), a danger alarm device (102), a danger analysis device (103), a danger avoidance action assist device (104), and a security device (105). The space information recorder includes a space object ID, orbital information, and public condition information; and a business device ID and public condition information. The plurality of space traffic management devices (100) have data format compatibility and share the space object ID and the business device ID, and share orbital information corresponding to the space object ID among business devices that comply with the public condition information.
Provided is an object recognition device including a prediction processing unit, a temporary setting unit, and a association processing unit. The prediction processing unit predicts, as a prediction position on an object model obtained by modeling a tracking target, a position of a movement destination of the tracking target based on a trajectory formed by movement of at least one object of a plurality of objects as the tracking target. The temporary setting unit sets, based on specifications of a sensor that has detected the tracking target, a position of at least one candidate point on the object model. The association processing unit sets, based on the position of the candidate point and the prediction position, a reference position on the object model. The association processing unit determines whether the position of the detection point and the prediction position associate with each other based on a positional relationship between a association range which is set so that the association range has a reference position on the object model as a reference and a detection point at a time when the sensor has detected the at least one object of the plurality of objects.
Regarding a tactile presentation panel, a tactile presentation panel that has a tactile presentation knob having a conductive member placed on an operation surface and presents a tactile sense to a user via the tactile presentation knob includes a movement amount calculation circuit that calculates a movement amount of the tactile presentation knob from current coordinates on the tactile presentation panel of the tactile presentation knob and past coordinates of the tactile presentation knob, a tactile strength calculation circuit that calculates a tactile strength to be applied to the user based on the movement amount, and a tactile presentation circuit that sets a voltage signal waveform based on the tactile strength. The movement amount is at least one of a rotation angle and a rotation speed of the tactile presentation knob.
A stator includes: a stator core including a plurality of stator teeth in a circumferential direction with respect to a center of rotation of a rotary electric machine; a stator coil disposed on a bottom portion side of each of a plurality of stator slots formed between the stator teeth; and a stator magnet disposed on an opening side of each of the plurality of stator slots and having the same polarity in a radial direction, and in each of the stator slots, the stator magnet is divided at a center in the circumferential direction of the stator slot.
H02K 1/20 - Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
H02K 9/19 - Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
H02K 21/24 - Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
60.
INDOOR UNIT FOR AIR-CONDITIONING APPARATUS AND AIR-CONDITIONING APPARATUS
An indoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus includes an insulation box that has a space that receives a heat exchanger, an insulation panel that is disposed between the insulation box and an outer panel and that has an air inlet passage and an air outlet passage, and a casing to which the outer panel is attached. The casing contains the insulation box and the insulation panel. The insulation box has a first outside-air introduction passage that is located apart from the space and that is communicable with an outside of the casing. The insulation panel has a second outside-air introduction passage that is located apart from the air outlet passage and that is communicable between the first outside-air introduction passage and the air inlet passage.
Provided are a lens, a stem, an LD chip to emit laser light with a beam center directed along a mounting surface of the stem, and a PD chip having a reflective surface formed with a dielectric multilayer film on its surface, reflecting the laser light emitted from the LD chip toward the lens, and measuring an amount of the laser light, wherein the LD chip is provided with a waveguide portion having a tip portion that is formed on a side of a front end face and has a width of 0.5 to 0.7 μm, and having a tapered portion that is connected to the tip portion and becomes narrower toward the tip portion at a gradient of 0.018 to 0.033.
An outdoor unit for a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: a heat exchanger having an outer surface inclined downward; a drain pan on which the heat exchanger is set; a top frame on which a fan is set, the top frame being disposed at a top of the heat exchanger; and a support attached to the drain pan and the top frame, the support extending between the drain pan and the top frame.
According to the present disclosure, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip, a frame, a projection projecting from the frame, a lead in which a projection insertion portion into which the projection is to be inserted is formed, and which directly contacts the frame to electrically connect the semiconductor chip to the frame and a first bonding material configured to bond the projection to the lead.
To provide a control apparatus for AC rotary machine and an electric power steering apparatus which can reduce the error component of the current detection value close to the mechanical resonance period of AC rotary machine. A control apparatus for AC rotary machine detects currents which flow into three-phase windings at a current detection period which is a first natural number times of a carrier period; calculates current detection values, by performing a current addition processing which adds current detection values detected at this time, and current detection values detected before an addition period which is a second natural number times of the current detection period; and calculates the voltage command values of three-phase based on the current detection values after current addition processing, wherein the second natural number is set to a natural number that the addition period becomes the closest to the half period of the mechanical resonance period.
B62D 5/04 - Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
H02P 27/08 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
This crack estimation device includes: a data determination unit which determines a shape model of a target structure to be inspected, and a crack occurrence plane and an observation plane in the shape model; an estimation data calculation unit which outputs an estimation model for estimating a state of the crack occurrence plane from a state of the observation plane, on the basis of a matrix that associates, with each other, the state of the crack occurrence plane and the state of the observation plane, obtained through numerical analysis of a structural analysis model generated from the shape model; and a crack estimation unit which estimates a state of a crack at the crack occurrence plane on the basis of the estimation model and a measurement value for the target structure actually measured at the observation plane.
A superconducting coil comprises a superconducting wire, an insulating sheet, and an adhesive resin. The insulating sheet includes a plurality of resin sheets and two semi-cured resin fiber sheets. The plurality of resin sheets have electrical insulation and are disposed in at least two layers. The two semi-cured resin fiber sheets are disposed in layers with the plurality of resin sheets disposed therebetween. The plurality of resin sheets and the two semi-cured resin fiber sheets have mutually adjacent resin and semi-cured resin fiber sheets bonded together.
An outdoor unit of an air-conditioning apparatus includes: a housing configured to form an outer shell; and a heat exchanger provided to extend at a rear portion of the housing from a lower portion toward an upper portion of the housing, wherein the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger side plate provided on a side portion and having a side plate locking hole at an upper portion, and the housing includes a rear panel being a plate-like part that forms a rear surface and including an upper rear-surface locking claw at an upper portion, the upper rear-surface locking claw being inserted into the side plate locking hole, and a top panel being a plate-like part provided on an upper side of the rear panel and forming a top surface of the housing, the top panel covering the side plate locking hole and the upper rear-surface locking claw.
Control of a facility is performed in accordance with a common action plan. Further, a plurality of controllers provided in the facility are caused to control the facility in coordination. A control coordination apparatus includes a control information generation unit and a control information transmission unit. The control information generation unit generates control data which include information for specifying a control content of the facility to be controlled by the plurality of controllers and are received by each of the controllers, from an action plan file which includes an action plan made by an action plan generation apparatus and is generated by the action plan generation apparatus. The control information transmission unit transmits the control data to each of the controllers on the basis of facility design information including information on connection with the facility.
G05B 19/418 - Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), integrated manufacturing systems (IMS), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
An image inspection device includes: an image acquisition unit to acquire an inspection target image; a geometric transformation processing unit to estimate a geometric transformation parameter for aligning a position of an inspection target in the inspection target image with a first reference image in which a position of the inspection target is known, and geometrically transform the inspection target image using the estimated geometric transformation parameter, thereby generating an aligned image in which the position of the inspection target is aligned with the first reference image; an image restoration processing unit to restore the aligned image, using an image generation network to receive an input image generated using the inspection target image and infer the aligned image as a correct image; and an abnormality determination unit to determine an abnormality of the inspection target using a difference image between the aligned image and the restored aligned image.
A management device (100) includes a storage unit and a ledger deletion unit (150). Information indicating a ledger-deleting condition is recorded in the storage unit, the ledger-deleting condition being a condition for deleting a deletion distributed ledger which is a distributed ledger to record distributed electronic data. The ledger deletion unit (150) deletes the deletion distributed ledger if the ledger-deleting condition is satisfied.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
Provided is a technology capable of securing satisfactory communication quality. A communication system includes a user equipment, and a base station configured to be connected to the user equipment to perform radio communication with the user equipment. The user equipment performs radio communication with a beam. When the user equipment detects a beam disappearance state being a state incapable of maintaining communication quality with the base station, the user equipment transmits a notification of the beam disappearance state with a beam having a wider half width than a half width before detection of the beam disappearance state.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 7/024 - Co-operative use of antennas at several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
In a semiconductor device according to the technology disclosed in the present specification, a temperature detection region is provided with a diffusion layer of a second conductivity type provided on a surface layer of a drift layer of a first conductivity type, a well layer of a first conductivity type provided on a surface layer of the diffusion layer and electrically connected to an anode electrode, and a cathode layer of a first conductivity type provided on a surface layer of the well layer and electrically connected to a cathode electrode.
H01L 23/34 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation
H01L 27/06 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
H01L 29/10 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified, or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
An object is to provide a technique capable of improving the power efficiency of a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes first to sixth parallel connection bodies, each including a semiconductor switching element and a diode connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching element. At least one of the voltage drops of the second parallel connection body and the third parallel connection body is smaller than a voltage drop of at least one of the first parallel connection body, the fourth parallel connection body, the fifth parallel connection body, and the sixth parallel connection body.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
H01L 25/07 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups , or in a single subclass of ,
78.
SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHING ELEMENT DRIVE CIRCUIT AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
An object is to provide a technique capable of bringing a switching time point of a gate drive condition close to an appropriate switching time point. A semiconductor switching element drive circuit includes a logic circuit that inverts a level of an output signal based on a divided voltage of an output voltage of a semiconductor switching element, and a switching circuit. The switching circuit switches a gate drive condition of the semiconductor switching element during a turn-off operation from a first gate drive condition to a second gate drive condition in which a switching speed is lower than that of the first gate drive condition based on the output signal from the logic circuit.
H02M 3/157 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
H01L 29/16 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System in uncombined form
79.
RENDEZVOUS ASSISTANCE SYSTEM AND RENDEZVOUS ASSISTANCE METHOD
The purpose of the present disclosure is to achieve smooth rendezvous of a vehicle and a user even if there are numerous persons at a meeting point. A rendezvous assistance system includes a mobile terminal carried by a user who wants to rendezvous with a dispatched vehicle, and a rendezvous assistance device that assists rendezvous of the dispatched vehicle and the user at a meeting point. The rendezvous assistance device includes a message generator that generates a message that requests the user to do a gesture, a vehicle controller that determines timing of transmission of the message, and a vehicle communicator that transmits a message to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal includes a mobile communicator that receives a message from the rendezvous assistance device and a notification unit that notifies the user of a request to do a gesture in accordance with the message.
H04L 51/07 - User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail characterised by the inclusion of specific contents
H04L 51/222 - Monitoring or handling of messages using geographical location information, e.g. messages transmitted or received in proximity of a certain spot or area
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
80.
METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF A JUNCTION OF A POWER SEMI-CONDUCTOR ELEMENT AND POWER UNIT
The present disclosure relates to a method for estimating parameters of a junction of a power semi-conductor element comprising: •—Detecting at least one stable on-line operating condition through measurements (2, 3, 4) of Von, Ion, Tc on a semi-conductor module (1) where Ion is a current for which the on-state voltage Von of the semi-conductor is sensitive to the temperature and Tc is the temperature of the casing of said semi-conductor element; •—Measuring and storing at least one parameter set Von, Ion, Tc of said at least one stable operating condition; •—in a calculating unit (52), providing calculations for minimizing the error between a junction temperature estimation Tj of an electrical model Tj=F(Von, Ion, θelec) comprising a first set of unknown parameters θelec and another junction temperature estimation Tjmod of a loss/thermal model Tj=G(lon, Tc, θ mod) comprising a second set of unknown parameters θ mod and obtaining at least one set of parameters θelec and at least one parameter θ mod providing minimization of said error; •—providing the calculated value of Tj with at least one of the calculated parameters sets θelec and/or θ mod and the measured Von, Ion, Tc; •—Storing the at least one parameters set θelec and/or θ mod and/or Tj.
G01K 7/01 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using semiconducting elements having PN junctions
G01R 31/26 - Testing of individual semiconductor devices
81.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Diagnostic Device and Inverter Comprising the Same
a permanent magnet synchronous motor diagnostic device includes: a negative-sequence current calculator that calculates a negative-sequence current, based on magnitudes of a plurality of phase currents flowing through a permanent magnet synchronous motor that rotates a load; and a deterioration diagnoser that diagnoses deterioration of a plain bearing supporting the permanent magnet synchronous motor, based on the negative-sequence current.
H02P 27/06 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a tactile presentation control apparatus that can provide an operation feeling of a dial knob that allows intuitive operation by a tactile sense of the user, and is user-friendly. A tactile presentation control apparatus according to the present disclosure that has a tactile presentation knob placed on an operation surface and presents a tactile sense to the user via the tactile presentation knob. The tactile presentation control apparatus includes a tactile control unit that performs control to present different tactile senses to each of a plurality of operation regions on the operation surface when the tactile presentation knob is rotationally operated. When the tactile presentation knob is present in one of the operation regions, the tactile control unit performs control to present, as the tactile sense, a frictional force generated in the tactile presentation knob to the operation region.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06F 3/0362 - Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user; Accessories therefor with detection of 1D translations or rotations of an operating part of the device, e.g. scroll wheels, sliders, knobs, rollers or belts
83.
DIMENSION CREATION DEVICE, DIMENSION CREATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM
In a dimension creation device, an element selector selects a first target element and a second target element from elements of a three-dimensional model. A direction indicator indicates a direction of a dimension to be created. A dimension creator creates, when the element selector selects a vertex or an edge as each of the first target element and the second target element and the three-dimensional model includes a first orthogonal face including the first target element and orthogonal to the direction indicated by the direction indicator and a second orthogonal face including the second target element and orthogonal to the direction indicated by the direction indicator, the dimension between the first orthogonal face and the second orthogonal face in the direction indicated by the direction indicator in a manner associated with the first orthogonal face and the second orthogonal face.
In relation to a tactile presentation panel, a tactile presentation panel has a tactile presentation knob placed on an operation surface and presents a tactile sense to a user via the tactile presentation knob, and includes a control circuit that divides the operation surface into a plurality of regions, assigns a control target to each of divided regions, and sets a tactile sense to be presented for each of the divided regions, a tactile control circuit that generates a tactile sense set by the control circuit for each of the divided regions by changing a frictional force between the operation surface and the tactile presentation knob, and a touch detection circuit that detects a position on the tactile presentation panel of the tactile presentation knob. The tactile presentation knob is placed in the divided region so that the control target is selected.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
G06F 3/039 - Accessories therefor, e.g. mouse pads
G06F 3/0362 - Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user; Accessories therefor with detection of 1D translations or rotations of an operating part of the device, e.g. scroll wheels, sliders, knobs, rollers or belts
G06F 3/041 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
A diode (11) is provided on a substrate (1) and thermally insulated from the substrate (1). A positive feedback circuit (18) provides a positive feedback loop so that when a current of the diode (11) decreases due to a change in temperature of the diode (11), the positive feedback circuit (18) further decreases the current of the diode (11), and when the current of the diode (11) increases, the positive feedback circuit (18) further increases the current of the diode (11).
G01J 5/24 - Use of specially adapted circuits, e.g. bridge circuits
G01K 7/01 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using semiconducting elements having PN junctions
86.
SILICON CARBIDE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SILICON CARBIDE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
The present disclosure has an object of providing a silicon carbide semiconductor device with high productivity which prevents characteristic degradation occurring when a large current is applied to a body diode. A structure including a SiC substrate, a buffer layer, and a drift layer is classified into an active region through which a current flows with application of a voltage to the SiC-MOSFET, and a breakdown voltage support region around a periphery of the active region in a plan view. The active region is classified into a first active region in a center portion, and a second active region between the first active region and the breakdown voltage support region in the plan view. Lifetimes of minority carriers in the second active region and the breakdown voltage support region are shorter than that in the first active region.
H01L 29/16 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System in uncombined form
A relay device includes a first input/output unit (111), a second input/output unit (112), a security monitoring unit (121) that determines whether or not a packet input to the first input/output unit (111) or the second input/output unit (112) is normal, and a relay unit (113) that outputs a packet determined to be normal by the security monitoring unit (121) from the first input/output unit (111) or the second input/output unit (112); the security monitoring unit (121) uses a whitelist to perform whitelist-based attack detection to determine whether or not a packet is normal, and uses a learning model learned through machine learning to perform machine-learning-based attack detection on a packet that is not determined to be normal through the whitelist-based attack detection, to determine whether or not the packet is normal.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
To provide a power converter and a breaking mechanism which can break a DC current and can suppress that a fused material scatter to other circuits at fusing, in the case where the breaking mechanism of excess current is formed by a circuit pattern of a circuit board. In a power converter, a supporting member is provided with a support body part; a fixation projection part which projected from the support body part and to which the multilayer circuit board was fixed; and a support projection part which projected from the support body part and supports an one side circuit board face, wherein the fuse pattern is provided in an inner layer, and the support projection part overlaps with at least one part of a fusing part of the fuse pattern, viewing in a normal direction of the circuit board face of the multilayer circuit board.
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
89.
ERROR CORRECTION ENCODING DEVICE, ERROR CORRECTION ENCODING METHOD, ERROR CORRECTION DEVICE, ERROR CORRECTION METHOD, COMMUNICATION METHOD, OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND SOFT DECISION ERROR CORRECTION FRAME DATA STRUCTURE
An error correction encoding device includes an encoding unit to generate soft decision error correction frame information including a bit array of m rows and N columns obtained by combining first bit string group information and second bit string group information, the first bit string group information including a bit array of m rows and N1 columns in which it is enabled to perform pulse amplitude modulation of a combination of bit values of each column of the first bit string group information into a modulation symbol by using a first symbol mapping rule, the second bit string group information including a bit array of m rows and N2 columns in which it is enabled to perform pulse amplitude modulation of a combination of bit values of each column of the second bit string group information into a modulation symbol by using a second symbol mapping rule.
A linear motor system includes: a mover including permanent magnets arranged in a traveling direction in a plane parallel to a plane formed by the traveling direction and a vertical direction; and a stator including an armature including an iron core in which projections around which windings are wound are arranged in the traveling direction, the armature being disposed to face the permanent magnets of the mover. The mover includes a mover body including a first main roller engaged with a first traveling surface disposed on the stator, a placing table on which a conveyance object is placed, and a sub-roller engaged with a second traveling surface disposed on an upper surface of the stator. The first main roller supports a magnetic attraction force generated between the stator and the mover, and the sub-roller supports a force in a direction opposite the magnetic attraction force acting on the mover.
A first capacitor is connected between a first connection point and a second connection point. A second capacitor is connected between a third connection point and a fourth connection point. A current sensor is provided between the first connection point and the third connection point. A sum of the third wiring length which is a length of wiring from the first connection point to the third connection point and the fourth wiring length which is a length of wiring from the second connection point to the fourth connection point is smaller than a sum of the first wiring length which is a length of wiring from a first input terminal to the first connection point and the second wiring length which is a length of wiring from a second input terminal to the second connection point.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
A semiconductor wafer device according to the present invention includes a SiC substrate having an upper surface and a rear surface as a surface on the opposite side to the upper surface, and an impurity implantation layer provided on the entire rear surface of the SiC substrate, formed of a same base material as that forming the SiC substrate, including an impurity, and having a lower transmittance of visible light or infrared light than that of the SiC substrate.
A laminate (22) is formed on a semiconductor substrate (10). Two or more grooves (54) are formed in the laminate (22). A mesa (24) with two grooves among the two or more grooves (54) positioned on both sides is formed. An insulating resin film (30) is embedded into the two or more grooves (54). A first opening (32) is formed at the insulating resin film (30) embedded in one of the two or more grooves (54) and an electrode (46) extracted upward from a bottom surface (36) is formed. A first side surface (34) of the insulating resin film (30) is inclined in a forward tapered direction.
G02F 1/017 - Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
G02F 1/225 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
H01S 5/343 - Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser
H01S 5/22 - Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave having a ridge or a stripe structure
96.
FACILITY PLAN EVALUATION DEVICE AND FACILITY PLAN EVALUATION METHOD
A facility plan evaluation device includes a proposed plan receiving unit receiving input of a facility plan including capacities and locations of charging and discharging facilities to be newly arranged in a power system, a prediction unit predicting charge and discharge amounts of the charging and discharging facilities, and demands and power generation amounts of existing facilities, which are facilities already connected in the power system, a power flow calculating unit estimating voltage and current in the power system based on a prediction result of the prediction unit, a determination unit determining whether at least one of deviation of voltage from a proper range and overcurrent occurs based on an estimation result of the power flow calculating unit, and determining whether the facility plan needs to be modified based on a determination result, and a result presenting unit presenting a determination result of the determination unit.
G06Q 10/06 - Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
G01R 22/10 - Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
97.
Power Semiconductor Device and Method of Manufacturing the Same, and Power Conversion Device
A power semiconductor device in which the size of an insulating substrate is reduced and connection failure can be suppressed includes an insulating substrate, a semiconductor element, and a printed circuit board. The semiconductor element is bonded to one main surface of the insulating substrate. The printed circuit board is bonded to face the semiconductor element. The semiconductor element has a main electrode and a signal electrode. The printed circuit board includes a core member, a first conductor layer, and a second conductor layer. The second conductor layer has a bonding pad. The printed circuit board has a missing portion. A metal column portion is arranged to pass through the inside of the missing portion and reach the insulating substrate. The signal electrode and the bonding pad are connected by a metal wire. The metal column portion and the insulating substrate are bonded.
An electric-rotating-machine rotor has a rotor core in which ring-shaped plate materials that are each magnetic materials are stacked in an axial direction and a shaft-press-fitted into an inner circumferential surface of the rotor core; the inner circumferential surface has a first press-fitting portion that is an axial-direction section into which the shaft is inserted and a second press-fitting portion that is an axial-direction section adjacent to the first press-fitting portion and into which the shaft is inserted with an interference larger than that of the first press-fitting portion, and the shaft is press-fitted into the inner circumferential surface of the rotor core from the first press-fitting portion side. As a result, the electric-rotating-machine rotor in which no gap is caused between the stacked plate materials can be realized at low cost. Moreover, it is made possible to produce the electric-rotating-machine rotor through simple processes and at low cost.
H02K 1/276 - Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
H02K 15/03 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
99.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, BASE STATION, AND COMMUNICATION TERMINAL
In a communication system with redundant paths which can ensure the reliability and maintain time-sensitive communications (TSC), a first host and a second host communicate through a plurality of communication paths. In the event of a past or current communication failure in any of the plurality of communication paths, mobility of communication terminals in communication paths other than the any of the plurality of communication paths is restricted.
A switch includes: a first stationary contact having a first stationary contact point; a second stationary contact having a second stationary contact point; a movable contact having a first movable contact, and a second movable contact point; a first magnet pair defined by magnets having surfaces facing each other, the magnets of the first magnet pair being disposed with the first stationary contact point and the first movable contact point therebetween in such a manner that the magnets of the first magnet pair become farther from each other outwardly; and a second magnet pair defined by magnets having surfaces facing each other, the magnets of the second magnet pair being disposed with the second stationary contact point and the second movable contact point therebetween in such a manner that the magnets of the second magnet pair become farther from each other outwardly.
patents
