A method for generating depth data for a six degree of freedom, 6DoF, video of a scene. The method comprises obtaining a first set of images of the scene, generating a first set of depth components based on the first set of images and analyzing the first set of depth components to determine completeness of the depth components. A second set of images of the scene are further obtained and a second set of depth components are generated based on the second set of images, wherein, if the analysis determines the first set of depth components to be overcomplete, the number of depth components in the second set is selected to be smaller than the number of depth components in the first set.
A system for segmenting current diagnostic images includes a workstation (30) which segments a volume of interest in previously generated diagnostic images of a selected volume of interest generated from a plurality of patients. One or more processors (32) are programmed to register the segmented previously generated images and merge the segmented previously generated images into a probability map that depicts a probability that each voxel represents the volume of interest (24) or background (26) and a mean segmentation boundary (40). A segmentation processor (50) registers the probability map with a current diagnostic image (14) to generate a transformed probability map (62). A previously-trained classifier (70) classifies voxels of the diagnostic image with a probability that each voxel depicts the volume of interest or the background. A merge processor (80) merges the probabilities from the classifier and the transformed probability map. A segmentation boundary processor (84) determines the segmentation boundary for the volume of interest based on the current image based on the merge probabilities.
A coffee beverage system is described including a coffee bean packaging cartridge and a coffee brewing apparatus. The coffee beans packaging cartridge includes a container holding coffee beans and transportation means adapted for enabling transportation of the coffee beans towards an exit opening of the cartridge. The coffee apparatus comprises a grinder for grinding the coffee beans from the cartridge and a brewing device for brewing coffee on the basis of ground coffee obtained by means of the grinder. The system is further provided with a metering chamber for receiving coffee beans which are transported with the aid of the transportation means into the metering chamber. In use the metering chamber will hold a predetermined amount of coffee beans. The metering chamber comprises a bottom portion which forms a part of the grinder, said bottom portion being arranged in the coffee apparatus for rotating around an axis extending in a vertical direction.
A47J 31/42 - Beverage-making apparatus with incorporated grinding or roasting means for coffee
A47J 31/40 - Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea
A47J 42/50 - Supplying devices, e.g. funnels; Supply containers
4.
COFFEE BEVERAGE SYSTEM INCLUDING FIRST AND SECOND COFFEE BEAN PACKAGING CARTRIDGES
A coffee beverage system is described including a coffee bean packaging cartridge and a coffee brewing apparatus. The coffee beans packaging cartridge includes a container holding coffee beans and transportation means adapted for enabling transportation of the coffee beans towards an exit opening of the cartridge. The coffee apparatus comprises a grinder for grinding the coffee beans from the cartridge and a brewing device for brewing coffee on the basis of ground coffee obtained by means of the grinder. The system is further provided with a metering chamber for receiving coffee beans which are transported with the aid of the transportation means into the metering chamber. In use the metering chamber will hold a predetermined amount of coffee beans. The metering chamber comprises a bottom portion which forms a part of the grinder, said bottom portion being arranged in the coffee apparatus for rotating around an axis extending in a vertical direction. T system is further provided with a second coffee bean packaging cartridge including a second dosing device separate from the first dosing device for independently of the coffee brewing apparatus preparing and/or supplying a dose of coffee beans to the entrance opening of the coffee brewing apparatus.
A47J 31/42 - Beverage-making apparatus with incorporated grinding or roasting means for coffee
A47J 31/40 - Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea
A47J 42/50 - Supplying devices, e.g. funnels; Supply containers
An apparatus for adjusting a distance between first and second elements, comprising a first rotation member (200) rotatable between first and second stop positions and a second rotation member (300), wherein rotation of the first member between the first and second stop positions comprises a first rotation stage in which the first rotation member rotates through a first rotation angle and a second rotation stage in which the first rotation member is configured to engage with the second rotation member to rotate the second rotation member through a second rotation angle.
B26B 19/20 - Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers with provision for shearing hair of preselected or variable length
B26B 19/06 - Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor; Securing equipment thereof involving co-operating cutting elements both of which have shearing teeth
A device for trimming hair comprising a housing (3) and a head portion (9) with a cutting blade assembly (10), wherein the head portion (9) is rotatably mounted to the housing (3) and a comb attachment (20) is releasably attachable to the device to extend over the cutting blade assembly (10), the device further comprising a locking means (30,50) configured to fixedly engage the head portion (9) with the housing (3) when a comb attachment (20) is detached from the device such that the head portion (9) is prevented from rotating relative to the housing (3) and configured to disengage the head portion (9) from the housing (3) when a comb attachment (20) is attached to the device such that the head portion (9) is rotatable relative to the housing (3).
B26B 19/06 - Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor; Securing equipment thereof involving co-operating cutting elements both of which have shearing teeth
B26B 19/20 - Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers with provision for shearing hair of preselected or variable length
A hair cutting device (1) comprising a hair cutting device body (3); and an interchangeable comb unit (2) for defining a hair length after cutting. The hair cutting device body (3) further comprises a comb interface for releasable attachment of the comb unit (2) to the hair cutting device body (3); a hair length indicator (7) operatively coupled to the comb interface for indicating the hair length to a user. The interchangeable comb unit (2) comprises a comb identification member (11; 13) identifying a hair length associated with the comb unit (2); and the comb interface comprises a comb recognition arrangement (10; 14a-b) being electrically coupled to the hair length indicator (7). The comb recognition arrangement (10; 14a-b) is configured to sense the comb identification member (11; 13) when the comb unit (2) is connected to the hair cutting device body (3), and to provide an electronic signal indicative of the hair length associated with the comb unit (2) to the hair length indicator (7).
B26B 13/24 - Hand shears; Scissors combined with auxiliary implements, e.g. with cigar cutter, with manicure instrument to aid hair cutting
B26B 19/20 - Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers with provision for shearing hair of preselected or variable length
8.
AUDIO SIGNAL ENCODER, AUDIO SIGNAL DECODER, METHOD FOR ENCODING OR DECODING AN AUDIO SIGNAL USING AN ALIASING-CANCELLATION
An audio signal decoder (200) for providing a decoded representation (212) of an audio content on the basis of an encoded representation (310) of the audio content comprises a transform domain path (230, 240, 242, 250, 260) configured to obtain a time-domain representation (212) of a portion of the audio content encoded in a transform-domain mode on the basis of a first set (220) of spectral coefficients, a representation (224) of an aliasing-cancellation stimulus signal and a plurality of linear-prediction-domain parameters (222). The transform domain path comprises a spectrum processor (230) configured to apply a spectrum shaping to the first set of spectral coefficients in dependence on at least a subset of the linear-prediction-domain parameters, to obtain a spectrally-shaped version (232) of the first set of spectral coefficients. The transform domain path comprises a first frequency-domain-to-time-domain converter (240) configured to obtain a time-domain representation of the audio content on the basis of the spectrally-shaped version of the first set of spectral coefficients. The transform domain path comprises an aliasing-cancellation stimulus filter configured to filter (250) the aliasing-cancellation stimulus signal (324) in dependence on at least a subset of the linear-prediction-domain parameters (222), to derive an aliasing-cancellation synthesis signal (252) from the aliasing-cancellation stimulus signal. The transform domain path also comprises a combiner (260) configured to combine the time-domain representation (242) of the audio content with the aliasing-cancellation synthesis signal (252), or a post-processed version thereof, to obtain an aliasing reduced time-domain signal.
G10L 19/02 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
G10L 19/12 - Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters the excitation function being a code excitation, e.g. in code excited linear prediction [CELP] vocoders
A three dimensional [3D] video signal is processed in a video device (50). The device has generating means (52)for generating an output signal for tranferring the video data via a high-speed digital interface like HDMI to a 3D display, which selectively generate a 3D display signal for displaying the 3D video data on a 3D display operative in a 3D mode, a 2D display signal for displaying 2D video data on the 3D display operative in a 2D mode, or a pseudo 2D display signal by including 2D video data in the output signal for displaying the 2D video data on the 3D display operative in the 3D mode. Processing means (53) detect a request to display 2D video data on the 3D display, while the 3D display is operative in the 3D mode, and, in response to the detection, the generating means are set to generate the pseudo 2D display signal for maintaining the 3D mode of the 3D display.
Providing entry points for 3D video data is described. An entry point unit (18) generates an entry point table by defining entry points in an incoming 3D video data stream and storing entry point addresses giving the location of the defined entry points. The video data stream comprises a multitude of sub-streams, which multitude encodes one stream of 3D video data and comprises at least one 2D sub-stream that independently encodes a 2D version of the 3D video data and at least one auxiliary sub-stream that dependently encodes part of the 3D video data. The entry points include main entry points in the 2D sub-stream and auxiliary entry points in the auxiliary sub-stream for enabling 3D trickplay of the 3D video data by retrieving and decoding non-adjacent fragments of the 2D sub-stream and retrieving and dependently decoding corresponding fragments of the auxiliary sub-stream.
A Gas-free Fluid chamber for PCR. The present invention relates to a device with a fluid chamber suitable for performing a polymerized chain reaction for gas-free filling. Such devices may be used in the field of e.g. molecular diagnostics.
A system of transferring of three dimensional (3D) image data is described. A 3D source device (10) provides 3D display signal (56) for a display (13) via a high speed digital interface like HDMI. The 3D display signal comprises a sequence of frames. The sequence of frames comprises units, each unit corresponding to frames comprising video information intended to be composited and displayed as a 3D image. The 3D source device includes 3D transfer information comprising at least information about the video frames in the unit. The display detects the 3D transfer information, and generates the display control signals based in dependence on the 3D transfer information. The 3D transfer information in an additional info frame packet comprises information about the multiplexing scheme for multiplexing frames into the 3D display signal, the multiplexing scheme being selected of group of multiplexing schemes including frame alternating multiplexing, the frame alternating indicating said number of frames being sequentially arranged within said video data period.
H04N 21/236 - Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator ] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
H04N 13/161 - Encoding, multiplexing or demultiplexing different image signal components
H04N 13/167 - Synchronising or controlling image signals
13.
BINAURAL RENDERING OF A MULTI-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNAL
Binaural rendering a multi-channel audio signal into a binaural output signal (24) is described. The multi-channel audio signal comprises a stereo downmix signal (18) into which a plurality of audio signals are downmixed, and side information. Based on a first rendering prescription, a preliminary binaural signal (54) is computed from the first and second channels of the stereo downmix signal (18). A decorrelated signal (X~k) is generated as an perceptual equivalent to a mono downmix (58) of the first and second channels of the stereo downmix signal (18) being, however, decorrelated to the mono downmix (58). Depending on a second rendering prescription (P2l,m), a corrective binaural signal (64) is computed from the decorrelated signal (62) and the preliminary binaural signal (54) is mixed with the corrective binaural signal (64) to obtain the binaural output signal (24).
An apparatus for generating a binaural audio signal comprises a demultiplexer (401) and decoder (403) which receives audio data comprising an audio M-channel audio signal which is a downmix of an N-channel audio signal and spatial parameter data for upmixing the M-channel audio signal to the N-channel audio signal. A conversion processor (411) converts spatial parameters of the spatial parameter data into first binaural parameters in response to at least one binaural perceptual transfer function. A matrix processor (409) converts the M-channel audio signal into a first stereo signal in response to the first binaural parameters. A stereo filter (415, 417) generates the binaural audio signal by filtering the first stereo signal. The filter coefficients for the stereo filter are determined in response to the at least one binaural perceptual transfer function by a coefficient processor (419). The combination of parameter conversion/ processing and filtering allows a high quality binaural signal to be generated with low complexity.
H04S 3/02 - Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
15.
A METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENCODING AND DECODING MULTIPLEXED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VIDEO DATA SIGNALS
Video data signals are encoded such that the encoded video data signal comprises at least a primary and at least a secondary video data signal. The primary and secondary video data signal are jointly compressed. The primary video data signal is compressed in a self-contained manner, and the secondary video data signal is compressed using data from the primary video data signal. The jointly compressed video data signal is split (BSS) into separate bitstreams, at least a primary bitstream comprising data for the primary video data signal and at least a secondary bitstream comprising data for the secondary video data signal, whereafter the primary and secondary bitstreams are multiplexed into a multiplexed signal, and the primary and secondary signals are provided with separate codes (0x1B, 0x20).
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
H04N 19/88 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving rearrangement of data among different coding units, e.g. shuffling, interleaving, scrambling or permutation of pixel data or permutation of transform coefficient data among different blocks
16.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MULTI-CHANNEL PARAMETER TRANSFORMATION
A parameter transformer generates level parameters, indicating an energy relation between a first and a second audio channel of a multi-channel audio signal associated to a multi-channel loudspeake configuration. The level parameter are generated based on object parameters for a plurality of audio objects associated to a down-mix channel, which is generated using object audio signals associated to the audio objects. The object parameters comprise an energy parameter indicating an energy of the object audio signal. To derive the coherence and the level parameters, a parameter generator is used, which combines the energy parameter and object rendering parameters, which depend on a desired rendering configuration.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
H04R 3/04 - Circuits for transducers for correcting frequency response
H04R 5/02 - Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
METHOD OF DISCOVERING AN AD-HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTE HAVING AT LEAST A MINIMUM SET OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN A DISTRIBUTED WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
In a wireless communication network (300) comprising a plurality of devices (100), a method of discovering a route for transmitting data from a source device (110A) to a destination device (110D) via multi-hop relay, includes broadcasting from the source device (110A) a route discovery request for transmitting data to the destination device (HOD). The route discovery request includes: a first field indicating a hop-count limit, a second field indicating a number of slots, X, required for transmitting the data, a third field indicating an ID for the source device (110A), and a fourth field indicating an ID for the destination device (HOD). The source device (110A) then receives a route discovery response indicating a route from the source device (110A) to the destination device (HOD). The route discovery response includes a first field indicating a number of hops between the source device (110A) and the destination device (HOD).
H04W 40/22 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
18.
METHOD OF RESERVING RESOURCES WITH A MAXIMUM DELAY GUARANTEE FOR MULTI-HOP TRANSMISSION IN A DISTRIBUTED ACCESS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
In a communication network (100), a method (400) of reserving X slots (610) for transmitting data from a source device (110A) to a destination device (110D) via multi-hop relay includes sending a first hop reservation request from the source device (110A) to a second device (110), for transmitting data from the source device to the destination device. The first hop reservation request identifies the source device, the destination device, and X proposed slots (610) to be reserved for the first hop. The source device then receives a first message, addressed to the source device from the second device, indicating that the first hop reservation request is pending and that the X slots proposed by the source device have been reserved by the second device. Later, the source device receives a subsequent message indicating whether a final hop reservation request has been accepted by the destination device.
The present invention provides a plurality of embodiments for beamforming in an asymmetrical system wireless communication system (400) of N T ( 102i) transmit antennae and N R (104j) receive antennae where N T > N R that ensure the transmit power on each antenna is the same, without appreciable loss in performance. Additionally, a technique is provided for choosing fewer beamforming vectors than frequency bins in an OFDM system.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H01Q 3/26 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
20.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SYNCHRONIZING OVERLAPPING WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Methods and devices for synchronizing various independent wireless systems are disclosed. For example, an exemplary first base-station (120) capable of communicating with a first set of remote customer devices using a first wireless protocol and a first spectrum is configured to co- exist with a remote base-station capable of communicating with a second set of remote customer devices using the first wireless protocol and the first spectrum. The first base-station includes a physical layer (PHY) device (250) configured to transmit and receive wireless signals of the first protocol and the first spectrum, a suppression device (240) coupled to the PHY device, and a media access control (MAC) device (230) coupled to the PHY device configured to receive the remote set of wireless signals from the PHY device.
FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. (Germany)
Inventor
Disch, Sascha
Herre, Juergen
Neusinger, Matthias
Breebaart, Jeroen
Hotho, Gerard
Abstract
A selected channel of a multi-channel signal which is represented by frames composed from sampling values having a high time resolution can be encoded with higher quality when a wave form parameter representation representing a wave form of an intermediate resolution representation of the selected channel is derived, the wave form parameter representation including a sequence of intermediate wave form parameters having a time resolution lower than the high time resolution of the sampling values and higher than a time resolution defined by a frame repetition rate. The wave form parameter representation with the intermediate resolution can be used to shape a reconstructed channel to retrieve a channel having a signal envelope close to that one of the selected original channel. The time scale on which the shaping is performed is shorter than the time scale of a framewise processing, thus enhancing the quality of the reconstructed channel. On the other hand, the shaping time scale is larger than the time scale of the sampling values, significantly reducing the amount of data needed by the wave form parameter representation.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
H04S 3/00 - Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
22.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING A DIGITAL INFORMATION SIGNAL
Method and apparatus of contiguously recording a sequence of ordered AfV information signals, and corresponding management information signals, on a disc-like recording medium of the write-once type. The method comprises allocating a reserved area within a linear addressing space of the disc, contiguously recording the A/V information signals in a video recording area located succeeding the reserved area, recording corresponding management data in a temporary overview space succeeding the video recording area, generating a mapping table (39) for mapping the recorded management data to address locations in the reserved area and recording the mapping table (39) in the temporary overview space. The mapping table (39) used when recording information according to VCPS comprises a structure (39a), preventing the overwriting of the management data by recorders not familiar with VCPS. The structure is preferably formed by a mapping-table header field (39a) containing dummy data.
On an encoder-side, a multi-channel audio input signal is analyzed for obtaining smoothing control information, which is to be used by a decoder-side multi-channel audio synthesis for smoothing quantized transmitted parameters or values derived from the quantized transmitted parameters for providing an improved subjective audio quality in particular for slowly moving point sources and rapidly moving point sources having tonal material such as fast moving sinusoids.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
H04S 3/00 - Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
24.
MEASURING AND MONITORING QOS IN SERVICE DIFFERENTIATED WIRELESS NETWORKS
A wireless network (100) includes a plurality of wireless stations (QSTAs) (102) and an access point (QAP) (101) . The QAP, or one or more of the QSTAs, or both, are adapted to measure delay data, or queue data, or both, per one or more traffic type. A method of wireless communication is also described.
A method of operating a communications system which comprises a communication station (UEl) and a further station (BS), the stations having means (26, 10) whereby they can communicate with each other, and the communication station having buffer memory means (BUFl to BUFn) for storing data units in at least one queue. One of the stations (UEl, BS) has means (36) for estimating the transmission delay of at least one of the data units in the at least one queue, and means (30) responsive to the estimated transmission delay exceeding a threshold value for requesting permission from the further station (BS) to enable the communication station (UEl) to transmit at least one data unit to the further station (BS). The further station (i.e. the base station) will either "grant" the permission (in the form of an acceptance of using a certain rate, to transmit to a certain power level, or to transmit for a certain period of time).
H04L 47/283 - Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
Data packets having different assigned priorities are multiplexed by operating a queue for each different priority of data packet and assembling groups (80) of the data packets for transmission. Each group has two portions. A first portion (90) of the group is populated with data packets selected from one or more of the queues according to a first rule and a second portion (95) of the group is populated with data packets selected from one or more of the queues according to a second rule. Preferably the first portion contains data packets having the highest priority, and the second portion contains a selection of the data packets having a lower a priority. Selection of data packets for the second portion may depend on criteria such as delay experienced and queue length. The size of the first and second portions may be adapted according to delay experienced and queue length.
A system, apparatus, and method are provided for dynamically selecting the data rate and/or transmit (TX) power. The method consists of devices periodically transmitting beacon frames in which they include data rate and/or TX power feedback for all senders of data streams, of which the devices are a receiver. The feedback may consist of recommended values for data rate and/or TX power or of channel state information. A sender chooses data rate and/or transmit power considering the feedback from the one or several receivers of the stream. The invention especially relates to systems based on an Ultra Wide Band Medium Access Control Protocol.
Data is transmitted from a first station (410) to a second station (450), by: at the first station (410), dividing the data into a sequence of data packets and transmitting the sequence of data packets; at the second station (450), receiving the data packets and transmitting acknowledgements indicating whether the data packets have been received successfully; at the first station (410), retransmitting as a sub-sequence of a plurality of sub-packets a data packet which has not been received successfully; and at the second station (450), reconstituting the data from the data packets and sub-packets; wherein the data packets comprise a sequence number providing an indication of position of each data packet within the sequence of data packets, and the sub~packets comprise a sub-packet indicator providing an indication of position of each sub-packet within the sub-sequence of sub-packets, and wherein the sequence numbers and sub-packet indicators include a plurality of numbers in common.
The invention relates to a method of communication in a wireless communication system comprising a first station and at least a second station wherein each of the station for at least a part of the time controls the communication within the system. The first station encodes and transmits messages having a first format in a first mode using at least one communication channel or having a second format in a second mode using one communication channel. The first and second formats have a common part. The second station receives and decodes at least the common part of messages transmitted either the first mode or the second mode. The common part comprises information on one or more upcoming transmissions of the first station.
In a distributed Mac protocol having a slotted superframe (102) comprising at least one slotted beacon period (104) followed by a data transfer period (103), a system and method is provided for creating and maintaining several beacon periods (104) at different positions in the superframe (102). When joining the network (300) a device (301) either joins an existing beacon period (104) or creates a new beacon period (104) at a position in the superframe (102) that does not overlap with beacon periods (104) or reservation periods. Beacon periods (104) mutually protect each other by devices (301) announcing the neighboring beacon periods in their beacons.
The duckbill valve assembly includes at least two duckbill valve members (12,14) and a flexible, flat flange member (16) which joins the two duckbill valve members (12,16) together. The flange (16) connects the duckbill valve members (12,14) together at their respective bases, thereby maintaining the two duckbill valve members (12,14) in a particular orientation and arrangement relative to each other.
A head portion of a nodally mounted rotating toothbrush is removable from a handle portion, which has a driving system therein. The head portion includes a spring assembly, having two spring sections, the spring assembly having a node point between the two ends and a nodal mount member at the node point which is connected to a cover member of the head portion. A driving assembly is arranged to drive the first spring section, the second section rotating in an opposing direction from the first spring section, the second spring section having a drive shaft extending therefrom, upon a free end of which a brushhead is mounted. When the head portion is removed from the handle, the spring assembly is removed therewith.
The stem portion of a toothbrush body has a set of bristles on a bristle plate at one end thereof, the stem portion including a shell or stem body having a longitudinal opening therethrough. A core member is configured to fit within the stem body, having two opposed grooves in the exterior surface thereof along the length thereof. The stem body has two grooves in the interior surface thereof, such that the grooves in the core member and the grooves in the stem body can align to form separate fluid channels along the length of the stem portion. The stem portion receives fluid from a reservoir and delivers the fluid to the bristle plate, which includes exit openings for the fluid. The core member and the stem body also include fluid-tight connections therebetween, separating the two channels.
A61C 17/22 - Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups or the like
A46B 11/00 - Brushes with reservoir or other means for applying substances, e.g. paints, pastes, water
A61C 17/28 - Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups or the like rotating continuously driven by electric motor with rinsing means
A61C 17/36 - Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups or the like reciprocating or oscillating driven by electric motor with rinsing means
34.
A RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, METHOD OF OPERATING A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND A MOBILE STATION
In a mobile communication system comprising a base station (100) and a plurality of mobile stations (200) and operating closed loop transmitter power control, power control commands for transmission on an uplink are derived from measurements made on received downlink signals comprising non~predetermined data values. Optionally the non-predetermined data values may comprise power control commands for uplink transmit power control.
This invention relates to a system and a method of generating an Authorized Domain (AD) by selecting a domain identifier, and binding at least one user (P1, P , PN1), at least one device (D1, D2, ..., DM), and at least one content item (C1, C2,..., CNZ) to the Authorized Domain (AD) given by the domain identifier (Domain ID). Hereby, a number of verified devices (D1, D2, ..., DM) and a number of verified persons (P1, P2, ..., PN1) that is authorized to access a content item of said Authorized Domain (100) is obtained. In this way, access to a content item of an authorized domain by a user operating a device is obtained either by verifying that the content item and the user is linked the same domain or by verifying that the device and the content item is linked to the same domain. Thereby, enhanced flexibility for one or more users when accessing content in an authorized domain is obtained while security of the content is still maintaining. This is further done in a simple, secure and reliable way.
In a communication system subject to variations in channel quality, transmit power control is used to reduce the variations in received signal quality. If the channel quality degrades to such an extent that a high transmit power would be required to ensure good received signal quality, the transmit power is decreased and is not increased until the channel quality recovers sufficiently to enable an acceptable transmit power level to be used. While the power is at the decreased level, transmission of a data block may continue, or may be suspended, with the data block being truncated if the whole block has not been transmitted by the end of the time period available for transmission of the data block.
A system and method is provided that resolves a possible ambiguity in WLAN measurement reports by having a measuring entity include timer values in returned measurement reports. The time a measurement was requested to be performed and the actual time it was done by a measuring entity can be compared by the receiver to ensure that no ambiguities occurred.
The present invention relates to specification of the start time for taking measurements in wireless local area networks (WLAN), in which the start time of measurements to be taken is included in a Measurement Start Time field of a Measurement Request Frame and the interpretation of the start time for a specific measured element is determined by a Mode field included in each Measurement Request Element field of the Measurement Request Frame. Optionally, the start time of a Measurement Request Frame is specified using a time synchronization function (TSF) timer value or part thereof in order to avoid ambiguities in interpretation of the start time reported.
An apparatus and method is provided for measuring medium activity patterns in wireless networks and deriving information about the radio environment from the measured medium activity/patterns. This invention is three-fold. First, it defines what to measure, including medium idle/busy patterns based on power detection, medium idle/busy pattern based on preamble detection, and medium idle/busy pattern based on virtual sensing. Second, it provides a mechanism for communicating the measurement request and report, as illustration for the case of IEEE 802.11. And last, it defines the information that can be derived given these measurements as discovery of: non-802 devices, 802.11e systems, 802.11e contention-based medium access priorities, 802.11e controlled medium access usage, 802.11b/g existence, and hidden stations.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) includes at least one hybrid coordinator (HC) and at least one Quality of Service Station (QSTA). The HC transmits a schedule frame element (SEF). The WLAN also includes a clocking mechanism that sets a substantially absolute start time of a servie interval. A method of synchronizing the HC and the QSTA includes transmitting a schedule element frame (SEF), and setting a substantially absolute start-time of a service interval, and a first transmitted frame element.
41.
FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION WITH ACKNOWLEDGMENT TIMEOUT IN WIRELESS NETWORKS
A wireless local area network (WLAN) includes a first device and a second device. The first device sends a first frame including a first transmission indicator, which indicates that a service interval is to begin at a certain time. The second device sends an acknowledgement from the second device to the first device indicating receipt of the first transmission indicator. The first device sends a second frame including another first transmission indicator if, after a prescribed time period, the acknowledgement is not received by the first device. The first device also sends a last transmission indicator, which indicates that the service period will end at a certain time. The WLAN and its method of use provide synchronicity between the first and second devices as to the beginning and the end of a service period.
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