Abstract

Method of control of a polyphase power converter driven by an algorithm of the pulse width modulation type, in which a control parameter comprising a drive setpoint value or a pulse duration associated with a value of drive setpoint of at least one phase, situated in a non-linearity zone of a chart, is modified (42, 45, 46) by modifying the value of said parameter so that it is in a linearity zone of the chart. The control parameter of each of the phases is modified in the same manner.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
• H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
• H02P 27/08 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

Abstract

A short-circuit device and a protection method for a submodule (12) for a power converter (8, 9) are provided wherein the submodule comprises a bridge circuit (21) having at least one power semiconductor branch (23, 24) extending between a first and a second DC voltage node (26, 27) and having at least one controllable power semiconductor switch (T1-T4) disposed therein to which a freewheeling diode (D1-D4) is connected in anti-parallel, and a capacitor (C, 22) connected in parallel to the bridge circuit (21). The short-circuit device (30) comprises at least one selected of the freewheeling diodes (D1-D4) anti-parallel to the power semiconductor switches (T1-T4) of the bridge circuit (21), wherein the at least one selected freewheeling diode (D1-D4) is manufactured in press pack design and rated such that, when a fault occurs in the submodule (12), the at least one selected freewheeling diode (D1-D4) breaks down due to the fault conditions and provides a durable, stable, low-impedance short circuit path (33) between a first and a second AC voltage connection (28, 29) of the submodule (12).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
• H02M 7/00 - Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output

Abstract

A power distribution system is described. The system includes a main ac busbar (42) and an emergency ac busbar (56). A hybrid drive system (32) includes an induction electrical machine (34) and a prime mover (36), the rotor of the electrical machine and the driving end of the prime mover being mechanically coupled to a load (40), e.g., by means of a mechanical linkage such as a gearbox (38). The system includes a first active rectifier/inverter (46) having ac input terminals electrically connected to the main ac busbar (42), and dc output terminals. The system includes a second active rectifier/inverter (48) having dc input terminals electrically connected to the dc output of the first active rectifier/inverter (46) by a dc link (50), and ac output terminals electrically connected to the induction electrical machine (34). A blackout restart system (54) includes a rectifier having ac input terminals selectively electrically connectable to the emergency ac busbar (56) and dc output terminals selectively electrically connectable to the de link (50).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 9/00 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
• B63J 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

Provided is a system for regulating temperature change of semiconductor components within a converter. The system includes a temperature regulator in communication with at least one semiconductor within the converter and a power source, the temperature regulator comprising a controller. Also included is a peak detector in communication with at least one of the semiconductors and configured to identify a maximum temperature of each semiconductor when the semiconductor conducts high current.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
• G05D 23/19 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
• H01L 23/34 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation

Abstract

A stator (12) for an electrical machine (e.g., a motor or generator) is described. The stator includes a stator core (20) consisting of a plurality of axially adjacent generally annular laminations (1). The stator (12) has axially extending stator teeth between adjacent pairs of which are formed axially extending stator slots for receiving conductors of a stator winding. At least one of the stator teeth includes an axially extending cooling passageway (36) through which a cooling fluid flows in use. The electrical machine can includes means for circulating cooling fluid through the cooling passageway(s) (36) to cool the stacked laminations (1) and means for circulating air around the stator along an air cooling circuit where the circulated air is cooled by the stator laminations (1) and there is no need for a separate heat exchanger.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/20 - Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
• H02K 1/16 - Stator cores with slots for windings
• H02K 9/00 - Arrangements for cooling or ventilating

Abstract

Provided is a control method and a control system for controlling the insertion of a plurality of magnets within an electrical machine including a stator and a rotor which rotates in relation to the stator around a rotary axis, the control system has plurality of sensors which continuously sense an air gap between the rotor and the stator, an encoder which continuously detects an angular position of the rotor, and a processor which receives data from the sensors and the encoder and determines in real-time an insertion order for inserting the plurality of magnets in a surface of the rotor and applies a feedback loop while performing the insertion process to adjust the insertion order based on changes in the data received.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 15/03 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
• G05D 3/12 - Control of position or direction using feedback

Abstract

A switch module (11) is provided and includes a collector connection (18), an emitter connection (19), and a gate connection (21). The switch module (11) includes a plurality of parallel connected switching elements (17a, 17b, ..., 17m), e.g., IGBTs, each having a collector electrode (22) electrically connected to the collector connection (18), an emitter electrode (23) electrically connected to the emitter connection (19), and a gate electrode (24) electrically connected to the gate connection (21). A fault protection device (26) is operatively electrically connected between the gate connection (21) and the switching elements (17a, 17b, ..., 17m) and comprises passive electrical components (e.g., first resistances 36a, 36b, ..., 36m and second resistances 38a, 38b, ..., 38n) which are selected such that in the event of a fault in at least one of the plurality of switching elements, a gate-emitter voltage is provided to the gate electrodes (24) of non-faulty switching elements in a passive manner. The applied gate-emitter voltage is sufficient to switch at least some of the non-faulty switching elements to a conducting state or to maintain them in a conducting state, e.g., a gate-emitter voltage that exceeds the voltage threshold of the switching elements is applied to the gate electrodes (24) of the non-faulty switching elements.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 17/00 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking
• H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
• H03K 17/56 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
• H05K 10/00 - Arrangements for improving the operating reliability of electronic equipment, e.g. by providing a similar stand-by unit

Abstract

An electrical circuit for a multilevel power converter has switching devices coupled to electrically conductive elements. Flying capacitors are coupled to two adjacent electically conductive elements. A processing device includes a model of the circuit. The processing device selects based on the model of the circuit a possible switching state of the circuit from a plurality of possible switching states. Each possible switching state has a voltage level that corresponds to a commanded voltage level for the at least one AC terminal. Each possible switching state defines a switching state of each switching device. Each switching state has a corresponding charging state. The processing device selects based on the model of the circuit and on the selected possible switching state, a possible charging state. Each possible charging state defines a charging state of each flying capacitor. The processing device sets the switching state based on the selected charging state.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
• G05B 17/02 - Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems electric
• H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters

Abstract

Provided is an approach for active control of cross currents flowing among multiple paralleled converters. Control of cross currents is achieved by using at least one proportional-integral (PI) controller and at least one resonant controller to target several selected dominant harmonics with infinite gains to ensure elimination of targeted harmonic cross currents in steady state. The cross currents are decomposed by into (1) common mode and differential mode components or (2) current phase domain components and each component is suppressed to a value approximately near zero using the controller. Also provided is a device comprises instructions, that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, which regulate and suppress cross current within a power system.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
• H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
• H02M 11/00 - Power conversion systems not covered by the other groups of this subclass

Abstract

This rotor for a high-speed electric motor of high power comprises, according to the rotor axis (A), a magnetic mass (10) surrounded on both sides by short-circuit rings (12), and crossed at several notches (18) by electrical conductors connecting the short- circuit rings (12) to form a squirrel cage. Each electrical conductor is formed of a single bar (14) having a trapezoidal section over its entire length.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/22 - Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic mass (23) of electric machine rotor extending along a longitudinal axis (X-X') and comprising a plurality of housings, each housing being able to receive a respective electrically conductive bar (28). The magnetic mass (23) further comprises, on at least one portion of its length along the longitudinal axis (X-X'), at least one opening extending radially from one of the housings (32) and opening outwards along a radial direction, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X-X').

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/22 - Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit

Abstract

A battery energy storage system (1) is disclosed, the battery energy storage system (1) comprising a rechargeable battery assembly (3) for storing and providing energy and a protection system (19) including an arc flash protection device (26, 26') to protect against risks due to arc flashes. The arc flash protection device (26, 26') comprises an overcurrent protection unit (32) which detects overcurrent conditions indicating arc flash conditions in case of a low impedance of the battery assembly (3) and an undervoltage protection unit (33) which detects undervoltage conditions indicating arc flash conditions in case of a low impedance of the battery assembly (3), wherein upon detecting the overcurrent conditions and/or the undervoltage conditions for a predetermined minimum time period, the arc flash protection device (26, 26') initiates protective measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly (3). An energy conversion system (34) comprising such a battery energy storage system (1), which can be used for stationary and mobile energy supply or distribution applications, is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02H 7/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm
• H02H 7/10 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers
• H02H 7/18 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for accumulators
• H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• H02J 15/00 - Systems for storing electric energy

Abstract

Provided is an apparatus, including a capacitor module having a plurality of connecting terminals and a plurality of switch elements. Each switch element has at least one switch terminal coupled to a corresponding connecting terminal, wherein the switch elements are configured for mutually exclusive operation via a control device.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters

Abstract

A method for detection of rotor bar faults in an electric machine is provided. The method includes acquiring electrical signals from the electric machine that are representative of the operative condition of the machine. The symmetrical components from the electrical signals are eliminated by squaring an instantaneous value of each data point from the electrical signals and summing the squared values. The method further includes the step of eliminating discontinuities in the electrical signals by applying a window function to compute weighted representation of the squared values. Furthermore, the method includes the step of normalizing the weighted representation to obtain spectral information. The faults in the rotor bar are detected by analyzing the spectral information obtained after normalization.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/34 - Testing dynamo-electric machines

Abstract

A method of operating a flying capacitor multilevel converter having a direct current link and a plurality of phase legs each having a plurality of flying capacitors includes employing redundant states to balance flying capacitor voltages by charging or discharging flying capacitors. The redundant states are employed by obtaining a load current of the flying capacitor multilevel converter. If a load current value is lower than a threshold value then a capacitor current of a phase terminal capacitor is utilized to determine redundant states else a load current direction is utilized to determine the redundant states.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
• H02P 27/06 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters

Abstract

A power conversion system includes a first converter effectively connected in series to a second converter. Each converter has a plurality of output levels. A phase- shifted transformer is coupled to the converters. The phase-shifted transformer has a delta-wound winding and an open star winding. The first converter is coupled to the open star winding and the second converter is coupled to the delta winding. The open star winding is configured for direct connection to either of a load or the open star winding of a second phase-shifted transformer, having a delta winding connected to a third converter. One or more DC voltage sources are each connected to the first and second converters by a respective DC link capacitor. Each DC voltage source is connected to a common power grid by an isolated multiphase transformer winding.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 7/44 - Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
• H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
• H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output

Abstract

An assembly includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a gate driver and a short-circuit protection circuit. The gate driver is adapted to supply voltage to a gate terminal the IGBT. The short-circuit protection circuit includes an IGBT short-circuit detector for determining whether the IGBT is short-circuited, and a supply voltage regulator for regulating the supply voltage in response to the IGBT short- circuit detector determining that the IGBT is short-circuited.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 17/567 - Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
• H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for electronic equipment
• H02H 9/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection

Abstract

A converter includes a first converter module and a second converter module coupled to the first converter module in a nested manner. Each of the first converter module and the second converter module includes a plurality of switch units. When the converter is operated to perform power conversion, at least two of the plurality of switch units is configured to be switched both in a complementary pattern and a non- complementary pattern.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/00 - APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF - Details of apparatus for conversion
• H02M 5/44 - Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
• H02P 27/06 - Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters

Abstract

This set of roller bearings, which is a bearing block for a rotating machine, comprises a primary angular contact bearing (16) with a primary external bushing (30), a primary internal bushing (32) and primary rolling elements (34), a secondary angular contact bearing (18) with a secondary external bushing (36), a secondary internal bushing (38) and secondary rolling elements (40), a chassis (20) on which are mounted the primary angular contact bearing and the secondary angular contact bearing. The primary external bushing and the secondary external bushing are positioned directly side-by-side on the chassis; by interposition of an intermediate body, whose axial stiffness is greater than that of the chassis (30) and that of the primary and secondary external bushings. Application to asynchronous motors, for example.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16C 27/04 - Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
• F16C 32/04 - Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
• F16C 39/02 - Relieving load on bearings using mechanical means

Abstract

This hydrokinetic turbine generator comprises a stator (12), a rotor (14), the rotor (14) being capable of being brought in rotation around an axis or rotation (X) by the flow of a liquid, and at least one support bearing (20A, 20B) of the rotor (14), the one or each first bearing (20A, 20B) comprising a magnetic statoric element (46A, 46B) joined to the stator (12) and magnetic rotoric element (48A, 48B) joined to the rotor (14). In addition, the hydrokinetic turbine generator also comprises at least one second support bearing (22A, 22B) of the rotor (14), the one or each second bearing (22A, 22B) comprising at least one rolling element (50).

IPC Classes  ?

• F03B 11/06 - Bearing arrangements
• F03B 13/10 - Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
• F03B 13/26 - Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
• F03B 17/06 - Other machines or engines using liquid flow, e.g. of swinging-flap type
• F16C 32/04 - Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
• F16C 39/06 - Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means

Abstract

The present electric motor comprises a stator (12) and a rotor (14) capable of rotating at speeds in excess of 8000 revolutions per minute, whereby the said rotor (14) comprises a magnetic body (18) carried by a rotating shaft (19) and with the magnetic body (18) defining an outer lateral surface (20). The motor is provided with a protective coating (28) on the outer lateral surface (20) of the magnetic body (18).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 15/02 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
• H02K 1/22 - Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
• H02K 5/12 - Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas

Abstract

This electrical machine, more specifically a motor (2) comprising a stator (6), a rotor (8), a first main bearing (12), suitable for supporting the rotor (8) with respect to the stator (6) in a main speed range and a first secondary bearing (16) suitable for supporting the rotor with respect to the stator should the first main bearing fail. The or each secondary bearing (16) is a passive electrodynamic bearing comprising at least one permanent magnet and a mobile electrically conducting element. Application to electrical machines, in particular to asynchronous or synchronous motors.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16C 32/04 - Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
• H02K 7/09 - Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor for a water current turbine, which can be rotated by a stream of liquid. The rotor comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and at least one blade (24) that extends between the inner ring and the outer ring along a radial direction (R), said inner and outer rings being centred on a single longitudinal axis (X). The rotor comprises at least one radial shaft (26) extending radially between the inner ring and the outer ring, and at least one blade (24) can rotate about its corresponding radial shaft (26). The rotor (14) also comprises means (28) for limiting the rotational movement of said at least one blade (24) about its corresponding radial shaft (26).

IPC Classes  ?

• F03B 3/14 - Rotors having adjustable blades

Abstract

The present invention provides a permanent magnet rotor arrangement for a rotating electrical machine including a rotor body (6) having an outer rim (4). A circumferential array of magnet carriers (8) is mounted to the rotor body (6) by fixing members (16) and support members (18) and is spaced apart from the rotor body (6) in the radial direction to define a series of axially gaps or spaces (20) which can optionally be used as passages for cooling air. At least one pole piece (10) made of permanent magnet material is located adjacent to a surface of each magnet carrier (8). The magnet carriers (8) and pole pieces (10) preferably have a laminated or divided construction to virtually eliminate eddy currents that may be particularly problematic in certain types and construction of electrical machine. The flux path between adjacent pole pieces (10) flows in the circumferential direction within the magnet carriers (8) and does not use the rotor body (6).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/30 - Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures using intermediate parts, e.g. spiders

Abstract

An electrical machine comprises a first stator and a second stator spaced from the first stator, at least one of the first stator and the second stator including a guide arrangement. The electrical machine also includes a plurality of rotor elements located between the first stator and the second stator and cooperating with the guide arrangement for movement relative to the first stator and the second stator. Adjacent rotor elements cooperate with each other so that the rotor elements form a rotor and at least one of the rotor elements includes a coupling element to transfer force to or from the rotor. Each rotor element includes a first support surface which faces towards the first stator and defines a first air gap with the first stator, a second support surface which faces towards the second stator and defines a second air gap with the second stator, and one or more magnets mounted on each of the first and second support surfaces in the first and second air gaps.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 16/04 - Machines with one rotor and two stators
• H02K 1/22 - Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved single-layer coil (10) for a rotating or linear electrical machine. The coil (10) has a first endwinding (12) that is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis LA of the coil and a second endwinding (14) that is bent away from, or towards, the longitudinal axis. The coil (10) therefore has differently shaped endwindings with one end (12) being 'straight' and the other end (14) being 'bent'.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 3/04 - Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
• H02K 3/12 - Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots