Goods & Services

Downloadable software for use in cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, inventory loss prevention solutions, and shoplifting prevention, and for monitoring of the foregoing and for creating downloadable reports related to the foregoing; downloadable software enabling remote monitoring and remote management of motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, handbaskets, product inventory, and technology security solutions for monitoring premises, location, and inventory; downloadable software to help retail operators improve operating margins; downloadable software used to collect and distribute actionable business intelligence to enhance profitability; downloadable software for inventory management; downloadable reports about shopping cart containment, inventory location tracking, shoplifting vulnerabilities, and loss prevention; downloadable software for providing access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference materials, and preparing reports regarding the foregoing; computer hardware used for monitoring and mitigating retail store crime and shoplifting; computer hardware used in the field of asset loss prevention; computer hardware and downloadable software utilizing AI technology to detect the presence or absence of items in a shopping cart, to detect and prevent theft and shoplifting, to count the number and location of carts in a store, to analyze traffic and location of carts, and to enable monitoring and surveillance at a pay point; computer hardware and downloadable software for monitoring human behavior for theft prevention; remote monitoring apparatus; radio transmitters; radio transmitters for use with motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets at retail store locations for locking, unlocking, and otherwise monitoring and controlling such items; radio transmitters for use with software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms on motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets at retail store locations; electronic security system comprising computer hardware, embedded software, transmitters, receivers, and circuitry, for monitoring, tracking, managing, and preventing theft of products, inventory, motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets; alarm monitoring systems for use with motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets; anti-theft alarms and sensors for mobile assets; theft alarms, except for vehicles; anti-theft sensors, except for vehicles; computer hardware and embedded software for monitoring, detecting, and tracking the location of mobile assets; security alarm controllers for use with mobile assets; wireless controllers and electronic monitors for monitoring mobile assets; computer hardware and embedded software for estimating the location of mobile assets; electrical and scientific apparatus and devices used for dead reckoning modules for calculating the position of mobile assets, namely, electronic mobile sensors, dead-reckoning positioning accelerometers and magnetometers, and digital signal processors; computer hardware and software for commercial use for monitoring, tracking, managing, and preventing theft of mobile assets; geofencing apparatus in the nature of electronic fences; computer operating hardware and software for electronic fences; dead reckoning modules for calculating the position of mobile assets; dead-reckoning positioning systems consisting primarily of electronic mobile sensors and digital signal processors for calculating the position of mobile assets; electronic device for tracking and locating mobile assets; RFID tags; RFID readers; remote controls for operating carts, shopping carts, shopping cart wheels, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, motors, brakes, vehicles, computers and computer hardware; sensors for the determination of positions and distances; wireless controllers to remotely monitor and control the function and status of other electrical, electronic, and mechanical devices or systems, namely, motorized and non-motorized vehicle tracking devices, shopping cart systems, and inventory theft-prevention systems; computer hardware and embedded computer software for retail inventory management, sold as a unit. Electronic wheels for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; electronic brakes for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; motorized transportation vehicle for retrieving carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; wheels for carts; land vehicle parts, namely, wheels; wheel parts, namely, treads for carts; anti-theft system, in the nature of anti-theft devices for vehicles, motorized and non-motorized carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys and personal mobility carts; brakes for land vehicles, motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart wheels; motorized transportation vehicle for retrieving carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; anti-theft locks specially adapted for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart wheels; motorized vehicles for retrieving, monitoring, organizing, or stacking carts, shopping carts, trolleys, and luggage carts; anti-theft systems comprising locking devices for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, wheels, and other wheeled vehicles; wireless anti-theft systems and alarms for carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, and luggage carts; wheels incorporating RFID blocking technology. Business consultation in the field of loss prevention; business consulting services relating to product distribution, operations management services, logistics, inventory management, reverse logistics, supply chain, production systems and distribution solutions; compilation of statistics for commercial purposes; business advisory services, consultancy and information; providing business information via the internet; business information in the field of loss prevention; compiling and analyzing statistics, data and other sources of information for business purposes; business records management; inventory monitoring and management for mobile assets; online services, namely, inventory monitoring of carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, luggage carts, and cart retrievers; providing business information in the nature of tracking, locating and monitoring of motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, luggage carts, and cart retrievers for commercial purposes; providing business information via a website for customers and distributors regarding equipment status, system performance, usage statistics, and reference material; providing business services in the nature of monitoring services for business purposes to ascertain the geographic locations of movable objects, namely, motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart retrievers; business consulting services, namely, consulting regarding inventory monitoring and management strategies, and theft prevention strategies; business risk management consultation; business consultancy and information services. Providing non-downloadable online software, for use in cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, inventory loss prevention solutions, and shoplifting prevention, and for monitoring of the foregoing, and for creating reports related to the foregoing; providing non-downloadable online software enabling remote monitoring and remote management of motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, handbaskets, product inventory, and technology security solutions for monitoring premises and inventory; providing non-downloadable online software to help retail operators improve operating margins; providing non-downloadable online software used to collect and distribute actionable business intelligence to enhance profitability; providing non-downloadable online software used for inventory management and for preparing reports related to cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, and shoplifting vulnerabilities; providing non-downloadable online software used for providing access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference materials, and preparing reports regarding the foregoing; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software to monitor shopping cart containment and loss prevention solutions; software as a service (SaaS) featuring software for providing customer and distributor access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference material; providing on-line non-downloadable software for tracking and managing equipment and assets; providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable cloud-based software for use in connection with GPS rangefinders and electronic satellite tracking systems for locating and tracking mobile assets; platform as a service (PaaS) featuring computer software platforms for use in database management; platform as a service (PaaS) featuring computer software platforms for compiling and storing footage from security systems, for allowing playback and analysis of stored footage, for compiling, analyzing and storing data collected from security events and for generating reports related to the foregoing; computer monitoring service which tracks hardware performance and processes and sends out historical reports and alerts; providing an interactive website featuring technology that allows users to enter, access, and synthesize information and generate reports (term considered too vague by the International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations); electronic monitoring and reporting of retail stores and loss prevention using computers or sensors; installation, maintenance and repair of cart and trolley containment software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of cart and trolley retrieval software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of loss prevention software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of cart and trolley containment software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of cart and trolley retrieval software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of loss prevention software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; design of inventory management and theft prevention technology systems and layout; architectural design, namely designing the layout of computer hardware, wiring, and technology systems for cart and trolley containment, and shoplifting prevention; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software utilizing AI technology to detect the presence or absence of items in a shopping cart, to detect and prevent theft and shoplifting, to count the number and location of carts in a store, to analyze traffic and location of carts, and to enable monitoring and surveillance at a pay point; providing a web-based on-line portal featuring technology that provides customer and distributor access to equipment location and status, system performance, usage statistics, and reference materials (term considered too vague by the International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations); providing a website featuring technology that enables users to report and track retail goods for business purposes (term considered too vague by the International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations); providing a website featuring technology allowing users to monitor, control, track, and manage security systems and apparatus used in field of asset loss prevention (term considered too vague by the International Bureau - Rule 13 (2) (b) of the Regulations); computer security consulting for businesses, retail stores and supermarkets; electronic monitoring of business property and inventory using computers for security purposes to protect against theft. Monitoring of security alarm systems; providing security surveillance of premises of others; security threat analysis for protecting personal and business property; providing security surveillance of premises for businesses; surveillance services; physical security consulting for businesses, retail stores and supermarkets; physical security consultation for theft and loss prevention purposes; providing information on business building and physical property security and physical security for theft prevention and loss prevention purposes via a website; physical security advisory and consultancy services for loss prevention services; retail security monitoring services for loss prevention purposes using sensors, cameras, GPS tracking, and motion detectors.

Goods & Services

Downloadable software for use in cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, inventory loss prevention solutions, and shoplifting prevention, and for monitoring of the foregoing and for creating downloadable reports related to the foregoing; downloadable software enabling remote monitoring and remote management of motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, handbaskets, product inventory, and technology security solutions for monitoring premises, location, and inventory; downloadable software to help retail operators improve operating margins; downloadable software used to collect and distribute actionable business intelligence to enhance profitability; downloadable software for inventory management; downloadable reports about shopping cart containment, inventory location tracking, shoplifting vulnerabilities, and loss prevention; downloadable software for providing access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference materials, and preparing reports regarding the foregoing; computer hardware used for monitoring and mitigating retail store crime and shoplifting; computer hardware used in the field of asset loss prevention; computer hardware and downloadable software utilizing AI technology to detect the presence or absence of items in a shopping cart, to detect and prevent theft and shoplifting, to count the number and location of carts in a store, to analyze traffic and location of carts, and to enable monitoring and surveillance at a pay point; computer hardware and downloadable software for monitoring human behavior for theft prevention; remote monitoring apparatus; radio transmitters; radio transmitters for use with motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets at retail store locations for locking, unlocking, and otherwise monitoring and controlling such items; radio transmitters for use with software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms on motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets at retail store locations; electronic security system comprising computer hardware, embedded software, transmitters, receivers, and circuitry, for monitoring, tracking, managing, and preventing theft of products, inventory, motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets; alarm monitoring systems for use with motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, computer hardware, and handbaskets; anti-theft alarms and sensors for mobile assets; theft alarms, except for vehicles; anti-theft sensors, except for vehicles; computer hardware and embedded software for monitoring, detecting, and tracking the location of mobile assets; security alarm controllers for use with mobile assets; wireless controllers and electronic monitors for monitoring mobile assets; computer hardware and embedded software for estimating the location of mobile assets; electrical and scientific apparatus and devices used for dead reckoning modules for calculating the position of mobile assets, namely, electronic mobile sensors, dead-reckoning positioning accelerometers and magnetometers, and digital signal processors; computer hardware and software for commercial use for monitoring, tracking, managing, and preventing theft of mobile assets; geofencing apparatus in the nature of electronic fences; computer operating hardware and software for electronic fences; dead reckoning modules for calculating the position of mobile assets; dead-reckoning positioning systems consisting primarily of electronic mobile sensors and digital signal processors for calculating the position of mobile assets; electronic device for tracking and locating mobile assets; RFID tags; RFID readers; remote controls for operating carts, shopping carts, shopping cart wheels, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, motors, brakes, vehicles, computers and computer hardware; sensors for the determination of positions and distances; wireless controllers to remotely monitor and control the function and status of other electrical, electronic, and mechanical devices or systems, namely, motorized and non-motorized vehicle tracking devices, shopping cart systems, and inventory theft-prevention systems; computer hardware and embedded computer software for retail inventory management, sold as a unit; video cameras; electronic video surveillance products, namely, electronic components of security systems; security systems and apparatus; downloadable software providing access to security video footage; downloadable software providing access to security video footage for playback and analysis of footage by customers and distributors; downloadable software enabling access to live and recorded security video footage; downloadable software for compiling and storing video footage from security systems, for allowing video playback and analysis of stored video footage, and for compiling, analyzing and storing data collected from security events; downloadable reports about security data and loss prevention. Electronic wheels for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; electronic brakes for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; motorized transportation vehicle for retrieving carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; wheels for carts; land vehicle parts, namely, wheels; wheel parts, namely, treads for carts; anti-theft system, in the nature of anti-theft devices for vehicles, motorized and non-motorized carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys and personal mobility carts; brakes for land vehicles, motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart wheels; motorized transportation vehicle for retrieving carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, and luggage trolleys; anti-theft locks specially adapted for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, personal mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart wheels; motorized vehicles for retrieving, monitoring, organizing, or stacking carts, shopping carts, trolleys, and luggage carts; anti-theft systems comprising locking devices for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, wheels, and other wheeled vehicles; wireless anti-theft systems and alarms for carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, and luggage carts; wheels incorporating RFID blocking technology. Providing a web-based on-line portal that provides customer and distributor access to equipment location and status, system performance, usage statistics, and reference materials; business consultation in the field of loss prevention; business consulting services relating to product distribution, operations management services, logistics, inventory management, reverse logistics, supply chain, production systems and distribution solutions; providing an online computer database for the reporting and tracking of retail goods for business purposes; monitoring services for loss prevention purposes; compilation of statistics for commercial purposes; providing an online database to monitor, control, track, and manage security systems and apparatus used in field or asset loss prevention; business advisory services, consultancy and information; providing business information via the internet; business information in the field of loss prevention; compiling and analyzing statistics, data and other sources of information for business purposes; business records management; inventory monitoring and management; online services, namely, inventory monitoring of carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, luggage carts, and cart retrievers; tracking, locating and monitoring of motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobile storage carts, luggage carts, and cart retrievers for commercial purposes; providing an online portal that provides customer and distributor access to business information regarding equipment status, system performance, usage statistics, and reference material; monitoring services for business purposes to ascertain the geographic locations of movable objects, namely, motorized and non-motorized land vehicles, carts, shopping carts, trolleys, luggage trolleys, and cart retrievers; business consulting services, namely, consulting regarding inventory monitoring and management strategies, and theft prevention strategies; business risk management consultation; business consultancy and information services. Online non-downloadable software, for use in cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, inventory loss prevention solutions, and shoplifting prevention, and for monitoring of the foregoing, and for creating reports related to the foregoing; online non-downloadable software enabling remote monitoring and remote management of motorized and non-motorized vehicles, carts, shopping carts, mobility carts, trolleys and luggage trolleys, computer hardware, handbaskets, product inventory, and technology security solutions for monitoring premises and inventory; online non-downloadable software to help retail operators improve operating margins; online non-downloadable software used to collect and distribute actionable business intelligence to enhance profitability; online non-downloadable software used for inventory management and for preparing reports related to cart and trolley containment, inventory location tracking, and shoplifting vulnerabilities; online non-downloadable software used for providing access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference materials, and preparing reports regarding the foregoing; software as a service (SaaS) services featuring software to monitor shopping cart containment and loss prevention solutions; software as a service (SaaS) featuring software for providing customer and distributor access to equipment location and status, system performance, user statistics, and reference material; providing on-line non-downloadable software for tracking and managing equipment and assets; providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable cloud-based software for use in connection with GPS rangefinders and electronic satellite tracking systems; platform as a service (PaaS) featuring computer software platforms for use in database management; platform as a service (PaaS) featuring computer software platforms for compiling and storing footage from security systems, for allowing playback and analysis of stored footage, for compiling, analyzing and storing data collected from security events and for generating reports related to the foregoing; computer monitoring service which tracks hardware performance and processes and sends out historical reports and alerts; providing an interactive website featuring technology that allows users to enter, access, and synthesize information and generate reports; electronic monitoring and reporting of retail stores and loss prevention using computers or sensors; installation, maintenance and repair of cart and trolley containment software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of cart and trolley retrieval software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of loss prevention software systems; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of cart and trolley containment software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of cart and trolley retrieval software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of loss prevention software systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; design of inventory management and theft prevention technology systems and layout; architectural design, namely, designing the layout of computer hardware, wiring, and technology systems for cart and trolley containment, and shoplifting prevention; software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software utilizing AI technology to detect the presence or absence of items in a shopping cart, to detect and prevent theft and shoplifting, to count the number and location of carts in a store, to analyze traffic and location of carts, and to enable monitoring and surveillance at a pay point; online non-downloadable software providing access to security video footage; online non-downloadable software providing access to security video footage for playback and analysis of footage by customers and distributors; online non-downloadable software enabling access to live and recorded security video footage; platform as a service (PaaS) featuring computer software platforms for compiling and storing video footage from security systems, for allowing video playback and analysis of stored video footage, for compiling, analyzing and storing data collected from security events and for generating reports related to the foregoing. Monitoring of security alarm systems; providing security surveillance of premises of others; security threat analysis for protecting personal and business property; providing security surveillance of premises for businesses; surveillance services; security consulting for businesses, retail stores and supermarkets; theft prevention and loss prevention consultation; providing information on business security, theft prevention, and loss prevention via a website; monitoring of computer systems for security purposes to protect against theft of business property and inventory; loss prevention advisory and consultancy services.

Goods & Services

Wheels for shopping carts. Installation, maintenance and repair of computer hardware for shopping cart containment systems, shopping cart retrieval systems and loss prevention systems for shopping carts; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of controlling systems for theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms. Installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for loss prevention systems; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for loss prevention systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms.

Goods & Services

Wheels for shopping carts. Installation, maintenance and repair of computer hardware for shopping cart containment systems, shopping cart retrieval systems and loss prevention systems for shopping carts; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of controlling systems for theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms. Installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for loss prevention systems; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for loss prevention systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms.

Goods & Services

Wheels for shopping carts. Installation, maintenance and repair of computer hardware for shopping cart containment systems, shopping cart retrieval systems and loss prevention systems for shopping carts; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of loss prevention systems for shopping carts; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of controlling systems for theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms. Installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart containment systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; installation, maintenance and repair of software for loss prevention systems; installation, maintenance and repair of computer software systems for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart containment systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for shopping cart retrieval systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for loss prevention systems; providing technical support, namely, technical advice concerning the installation, repair and maintenance of software for controlling theft alarms, sound alarms or security alarms.