A method for calcination of hydrated alumina, the method comprising the steps of: heating the hydrated alumina in a dehydrating zone to reduce the water content of the hydrated alumina and provide partially calcined alumina; and heating the partially calcined alumina in a calcining zone to provide alumina, wherein the step of heating the hydrated alumina in a dehydrating zone uses at least in part, stored thermal energy, electrical energy, renewable energy or nuclear energy including combinations thereof and the step of heating the partially calcined alumina in a calcining zone uses at least in part, electrical energy or chemical potential energy including combinations thereof, and where the hydrated alumina is heated at least in part with stored thermal energy, the method is alternately operable in a thermal energy charging state and in a thermal energy discharging state.
A process for preparing high purity alumina from aluminium-bearing materials is provided. The process digesting an aluminium bearing material to provide an aluminium chloride liquor, a first crystallisation vessel for crystallising aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids from the aluminium chloride liquor, optionally one or more subsequent crystallisation vessels for dissolving and recrystallising the aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids, and thermal treatment means for thermally treating the aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids to provide high purity alumina.
A process for preparing high purity alumina from aluminium-bearing materials originating from the Bayer process. The process comprising digesting the aluminium-bearing materials with hydrochloric acid to produce an aluminium chloride liquor and acid-insoluble solids and separating said solids from the aluminium chloride liquor, depleting the aluminium chloride liquor of one or more impurities, producing aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids from the produced aluminium chloride liquor, and thermally decomposing the produced aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids to produce high purity alumina.
A method for controlling the carbon output from an alumina refinery, the method comprising the steps of capturing water vapour from a flash train in the refinery, compressing the captured water vapour and utilising at least a portion of the energy in the captured water vapour to heat a process stream within the alumina refinery.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/14 - Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
A fertilizer composition comprising an ammonium nitrate material and an effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse reduction of at least 10% when compared the specific impulse of a commercially available ammonium nitrate composition. The stabilizer material may comprise huntite or magnesite. In one embodiment, stabilizer material is about 10 to about 25 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.
A process for preparing high purity alumina from aluminium-bearing materials originating from the Bayer process. The process comprising digesting the aluminium-bearing materials with hydrochloric acid to produce an aluminium chloride liquor and acid-insoluble solids and separating said solids from the aluminium chloride liquor, depleting the aluminium chloride liquor of one or more impurities, producing aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids from the produced aluminium chloride liquor, and thermally decomposing the produced aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids to produce high purity alumina.
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in the layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising chloride, fluoride, sulfate and TOC.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
C01F 7/16 - Preparation of alkaline-earth metal aluminates or magnesium aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
A process for preparing high purity alumina from aluminium-bearing materials originating from the Bayer process. The process comprising digesting the aluminium-bearing materials with hydrochloric acid to produce an aluminium chloride liquor and acid-insoluble solids and separating said solids from the aluminium chloride liquor, depleting the aluminium chloride liquor of one or more impurities, producing aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids from the produced aluminium chloride liquor, and thermally decomposing the produced aluminium chloride hexahydrate solids to produce high purity alumina.
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA; forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in said layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising phosphorus, vanadium and silicon.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
C01F 7/16 - Preparation of alkaline-earth metal aluminates or magnesium aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
A fluid sampling device for sampling fluids in a fluid process vessel through a port in a wall of the vessel, the sampling device comprising a flexible tube with an open end in fluid communication with the fluid process vessel, means to attach the sampling device to the process vessel, wherein at least a portion of the flexible tube is adapted to extend into the process vessel, wherein the length of the flexible tube extending into the process vessel is at least 5 times the outer diameter of the flexible tube.
A fertilizer composition comprising an ammonium nitrate material; and an effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse reduction of at least 10 % when compared the specific impulse of a commercially available ammonium nitrate composition; wherein the stabilizer material comprises huntite and wherein the stabilizer material is about 10 to about 25 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.
A fertilizer composition comprising an ammonium nitrate material; and an effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse reduction of at least 10 % when compared the specific impulse of a commercially available ammonium nitrate composition; wherein the stabilizer material comprises huntite and wherein the stabilizer material is about 10 to about 25 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA; forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in said layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising phosphorus, vanadium and silicon.
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in said layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising chloride, fluoride, sulfate and TOC.
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
15.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CONCENTRATION OF IMPURITIES IN BAYER LIQUORS
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA; forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in said layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising phosphorus, vanadium and silicon.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
A method for controlling the concentration of impurities in Bayer liquors, the method comprising the steps of adding an oxide and/or a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to a Bayer liquor with a desired TA forming a layered double hydroxide; and incorporating at least one impurity in said layered double hydroxide, wherein the impurities are selected from the group comprising chloride, fluoride, sulfate and TOC.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
A fluid sampling device for sampling fluids in a fluid process vessel through a port in a wall of the vessel, the sampling device comprising a flexible tube with an open end in fluid communication with the fluid process vessel, means to attach the sampling device to the process vessel, wherein at least a portion of the flexible tube is adapted to extend into the process vessel, wherein the length of the flexible tube extending into the process vessel is at least 5 times the outer diameter of the flexible tube.
A fluid sampling device for sampling fluids in a fluid process vessel through a port in a wall of the vessel, the sampling device comprising a flexible tube with an open end in fluid communication with the fluid process vessel, means to attach the sampling device to the process vessel, wherein at least a portion of the flexible tube is adapted to extend into the process vessel, wherein the length of the flexible tube extending into the process vessel is at least 5 times the outer diameter of the flexible tube.
An online sampling device comprising: a sampler; an analyser; a delay member; and ancillary equipment, wherein the delay member is downstream from the analyser and is adapted to inhibit exposure of a sample to the ancillary equipment and the ancillary equipment employs a sample removal fluid to remove sample from the device.
Methods, and related products and compositions, of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor are described. A method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor includes contacting the Bayer process liquor with a ppm quantity of a low molecular weight dextran. Also described are methods, and related products and compositions, for controlling the precipitation of aluminum-containing compounds from a Bayer process liquor.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/04 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
C01F 7/14 - Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
A method for controlling mercury emissions from aqueous alkaline solutions from the Bayer circuit, the method comprising the steps of: introducing a source of copper ions to an aqueous alkaline solution containing sulfide ions; precipitating a copper species; and precipitating a mercury species; thereby facilitating mercury removal from the aqueous alkaline solution.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
22.
PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF ORGANICS IN BAYER PROCESS STREAMS
A process for the destruction of organics in a Bayer process stream, the process comprising the steps of: a) Passing a volume of a Bayer process stream to a reactor vessel in which is provided a population of a mixed bacterial culture; and b) Retaining that volume of the Bayer process stream in the reactor vessel for a period of time during which at least 10% by mass as carbon of the organic compounds destroyed originate from non-oxalate organic compounds, wherein the mixed bacterial culture comprises a mix of bacterial species capable of destroying organics and which has previously been adapted to the Bayer process stream, or a stream of substantially similar composition, prior to introduction to the reactor vessel.
Odorant from a process stream is removed by passing the stream (18) to a counter-current contacting device (12) for stripping odorants. The odorants passes from the contacting device (12) as contaminated steam (26) while the remaining process stream passes directly to a “tube side” of a falling film evaporator (14) and is heated producing steam that passes into the counter-current contacting device (12) to strip that process stream and produce the contaminated steam (26). This contaminated steam from the contacting device (12) passes through a vapor compression step (16) from which it is introduced into a “shell side” of the falling film evaporator (14) and in which it heats the process stream passing from the contacting device (12) into the evaporator (14). The contaminated steam that is not condensed in the falling film evaporator passes as a low flow vent gas (50) in which the odorants have been concentrated.
A method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor, the method comprising at least the step of: contacting the Bayer process liquor with a ppm quantity of a low molecular weight dextran. Also described is a method for controlling the precipitation of aluminium- containing compounds from a Bayer process liquor.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
Odorant from a process stream is removed by passing the stream (18) to a counter-current contacting device (12) for stripping odorants. The odorants passes from the contacting device (12) as contaminated steam (26) whilst the remaining process stream passes directly to a "tube side" of a falling film evaporator (14) and is heated producing steam that passes into the counter-current contacting device (12) to strip that process stream and produce the contaminated steam (26). This contaminated steam from the contacting device (12) passes through a vapour compression step (16) from which it is introduced into a "shell side" of the falling film evaporator (14) and in which it heats the process stream passing from the contacting device (12) into the evaporator (14). The contaminated steam that is not condensed in the falling film evaporator passes as a low flow vent gas (50) in which the odorants have been concentrated.
Odorant from a process stream is removed by passing the stream (18) to a counter-current contacting device (12) for stripping odorants. The odorants passes from the contacting device (12) as contaminated steam (26) whilst the remaining process stream passes directly to a "tube side" of a falling film evaporator (14) and is heated producing steam that passes into the counter-current contacting device (12) to strip that process stream and produce the contaminated steam (26). This contaminated steam from the contacting device (12) passes through a vapour compression step (16) from which it is introduced into a "shell side" of the falling film evaporator (14) and in which it heats the process stream passing from the contacting device (12) into the evaporator (14). The contaminated steam that is not condensed in the falling film evaporator passes as a low flow vent gas (50) in which the odorants have been concentrated.
A drilling apparatus (100) for clearing of a blockage in a tapping point on a pipeline or vessel under pressure. The drilling apparatus (100) may also be used for installation of a tapping point on a pipeline or vessel under pressure. The drilling apparatus (100) comprises a body (11) adapted for connection to the tapping point. The body (11) defines an internal passage (18) through which a drill shaft (41) can be advanced to the tapping point for clearing the blockage therein. The drilling apparatus (100) further comprises a first drive means (51) for rotating the drill shaft (41) to perform a drilling operation and a second drive means (52) for moving the first drive means (51) to cause axial movement of the drill shaft (41). The drilling apparatus (100) further comprises a control means (not shown) operable remotely to selectively control operation of the first drive means (51) and the second drive means (52). The body (11) has provision to allow the drill shaft (41) to penetrate the tapping point while isolating the fluid contents under pressure within the pipeline or vessel.
B23B 41/08 - Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring, drilling, or tapping holes in tubes under fluid or gas pressure
B23B 47/20 - Drives; Gearings for feeding or retracting tool or work actuated essentially by electric power
F16L 41/04 - Tapping pipe walls, i.e. making connections through the walls of pipes while they are carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
A method for concentrating spent Bayer process liquor, the method comprising the steps of: Passing at least a portion of a calciner flue gas to a separator to provide a dehydrated gas stream and a water vapour enriched stream Contacting the spent Bayer process liquor with the water vapour enriched stream; and Evaporating water from the spent Bayer process liquor, thereby concentrating the spent Bayer process liquor.
A method for precipitating boehmite from a pre-precipitation Bayer liquor, the method comprising the steps of: treating the pre-precipitation liquor to decrease both the total caustic concentration and the total alkalinity of the pre-precipitation liquor; and pre-precipitating boehmite from the treated pre-precipitation liquor, wherein at least a portion of the boehmite is precipitated at a temperature of at least 105 °C.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/14 - Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
30.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PRECIPITATION OF ALUMINA
A method for controlling the precipitation of alumina from a Bayer process solution, the method comprising the steps of: contacting the Bayer process solution with a solid support comprising an extractant, wherein the solid support is substantially water insoluble; removing sodium ions from the Bayer process solution; reducing the concentration of hydroxide ions in the Bayer process solution; and precipitating alumina in the Bayer process solution.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
31.
ELECTROLYTIC METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PRECIPITATION OF ALUMINA
A method for controlling the precipitation of alumina from a Bayer process solution, the method comprising the steps of: applying a potential between a first region comprising a Bayer process liquor and a second region comprising a caustic solution, wherein an ion permeable membrane is provided between the first region and the second region; and causing transfer of an ion across the ion permeable membrane from one region to the other region, wherein the Bayer process liquor is not directed to the second region.
A method for preparing aluminium oxide from a Bayer process solution, the method comprising the steps of: precipitating a first alumina product and providing a first spent liquor; separating at least a portion of the first alumina product and the first spent liquor; treating at least a portion of the first spent liquor to decrease both the total caustic concentration and the total alkalinity of the treated first spent liquor; precipitating a second alumina product from the treated first spent liquor and providing a second spent liquor; separating at least a portion of the second alumina product and the second spent liquor; calcining at least a portion of the first alumina product in a calciner; and calcining at least a portion of the second alumina product in the calciner, wherein the first alumina product is gibbsite or boehmite, or a combination thereof and the second alumina product is gibbsite or boehmite, or a combination thereof.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
C01F 7/46 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
A method for precipitating boehmite from a Bayer process solution, the method comprising the steps of: treating at least a portion of a first spent liquor to decrease both the total caustic concentration and the total alkalinity of the liquor; combining at least a portion of the treated spent liquor with at least a portion of a green liquor; precipitating boehmite from the combination of the green liquor and the treated spent liquor and producing a second spent liquor; and separating at least a portion of the boehmite and the second spent liquor.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/14 - Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
A method for the treatment of contaminants in an aqueous stream, the method comprising the steps of: decreasing the pH of the aqueous stream; passing at least a portion of the aqueous stream through a membrane; separating the aqueous stream into a permeate and a retentate; air stripping of at least a portion of the retentate to reduce the odour of the retentate.
A torque reaction mechanism comprising a coupling arrangement (170) operable between an apparatus (10) having a rotary drive input (120) such as a drive socket, and a powered driving tool (160) for delivering rotational torque to the rotary drive input (120). The coupling arrangement (170) acts to transfer reaction torque away from the operator of the powered driving tool (160). The coupling arrangement (170) comprises a first (fixed) coupling element (171) disposed around the rotary drive input (120), and a second (corresponding) coupling element (172) on the powered driving tool 160. The arrangement is such that cooperation between the two coupling elements (171, 172) is adapted to allow displacement therebetween in the direction corresponding to the axis of rotation of the driving tool (160) while constraining the two coupling elements against relative rotation about the axis of rotation. With this arrangement, reaction torque arising from operation of the powered driving tool (160) is transferred through the coupling element (172) on the tool (160) to the respective fixed coupling element (171). In this way, an operator holding the powered driving tool (160) merely has to guide the tool during its operation and does not have to counteract any reaction torque. The first coupling element (171) is configured as a sleeve (175) disposed around the rotary drive input (120). The second coupling element 172 is configured as a block (177) which is rigidly mounted on the body (163) of the driving tool (160) and which is adapted to be received in the sleeve (175) for sliding movement therealong.
B25B 33/00 - Hand tools not covered by any other group in this subclass
F16D 3/06 - Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
B25B 21/02 - Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket
B25F 3/00 - Associations of tools for different working operations with one portable power-drive means; Adapters therefor
An operating mechanism (40) for a valve (11) having a valve body (13) defining a valve seat (19) and a valve member (21) moveable into and out of engagement with the valve seat (19). The valve member (21) comprises a valve disc (25), a valve stem (23), and a bush (29) through which the valve stem (23) extends in threaded engagement therewith whereby relative rotation between the bush (29) and the valve stem (23) causes axial displacement of the valve stem (23) relative to the bush (29). The operating mechanism (40) comprises two operating drive sockets (104, 106) in opposed relation, each of which is drivingly connected to the bush (29). The operating mechanism (40) also comprises two unlocking drive sockets (118, 120) in opposed relation, each of which is drivingly connected to the bush (29). The drive ratio between the operating drive sockets (104, 106) and the bush (29), and the drive ratio between the unlocking drive sockets (118, 120) and the bush (29) are different from each other such that a larger torque is delivered to the bush (29) from operation of either one of the unlocking drive sockets (118, 120) in comparison to the torque delivered to the bush (29) from operation of the either one of the operating drive sockets (104, 106) for the same torque input. With this arrangement, either one of the unlocking drive sockets (118, 120) can be used for unlocking the valve; that is, to move the valve member (21) into a 'just open' or throttled position in which the valve disc (25) is out of sealing engagement with the valve seat (19) without rotation of the valve stem (23). Further, either one of the operating drive sockets (104, 106) can be used for opening and closing the valve (11), as well as valve locking. Because there are two operating drive sockets (104, 106) in opposed relation, and also two unlocking drive sockets (118, 120) also in opposed relation, an operator can access the operating mechanism (40) from either side thereof according to what is more convenient.
F16K 1/02 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
F16K 1/04 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves
F16K 1/32 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces - Details
A method for the calcination of aluminium trihydroxide, the method comprising the steps of: directly contacting the aluminium trihydroxide with steam; and calcining at least a portion of the aluminium trihydroxide to alumina and/or aluminium oxyhydroxide.
A method for concentrating spent Bayer process liquor, the method comprising the steps of: recovering heat from a Bayer process calciner flue gas; applying at least a portion of the recovered heat to the spent Bayer process liquor; and evaporating water from the spent Bayer process liquor, thereby concentrating the spent Bayer process liquor.
C01F 7/04 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
39.
METHOD FOR MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINANTS IN ALKALINE PROCESS LIQUORS
A method for the management of contaminants in an alkaline process circuit, the method including the steps of: adding a source of silica to an alkaline process liquor from the alkaline process circuit; adding a source of alumina to the alkaline process liquor; and forming a geopolymer.
C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
C01F 7/46 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
C01B 33/12 - Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
C01B 33/14 - Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
A method of reducing the calcia concentration of a green Bayer process liquor containing calcia and phosphate, the method comprising the step of: contacting the green Bayer process liquor with a quantity of apatite; thereby inducing the precipitation of further apatite and reducing the calcia concentration of the green Bayer process liquor.
C01F 7/04 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
C01F 7/46 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
41.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PRECIPITATION OF ALUMINA
A method for controlling the precipitation of alumina from Bayer process solutions, the method comprising the steps of: contacting the Bayer process solution with a substantially water- immiscible solution comprising an extractant; extracting at least a portion of the metal cations present in the Bayer process solution into the substantially water-immiscible solution; thereby reducing the concentration of hydroxide ions in the Bayer process solution.
C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
A method for the biodegradation of organic compounds in a Bayer circuit, the method including the steps of: treating a portion of the Bayer circuit to provide a pH of between about 8 and about 12 wherein the portion of the Bayer circuit comprises an alkaliphilic microorganism and an electron acceptor and the microorganism is capable of anaerobic respiration in the presence of the electron acceptor, such that at least a portion of the organic compounds are anaerobically degraded by the microorganism.
C01F 7/47 - Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
C22B 3/18 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
A centrifugal pump seal assembly (10) for forming a seal between an impeller (12) and its casing (14), the seal assembly (10) comprising at least one sealing member (20) supported on the casing (14) and being capable of movement to a position at which it sealingly contacts the impeller (14), the movement of the sealing member (20) being actuated by fluid pressure generated at the outlet side (18) of the casing (14), and wherein the seal is maintained by the continual fluid pressure applied to the sealing member (14) when the pump is in use.
Apparatus (10) for use with a valve (11) to perform a grinding operation on the valve. The valve (11) has a valve body (13) defining a valve seat (19) and a valve member (21) moveable into and out of engagement with the valve seat (19). The valve member (21) comprises a valve disc (25) and a valve stem (23). The valve (11) also has a bush (29) through which the valve stem (23) extends in threaded engagement therewith whereby relative rotation between the bush (29) and the valve stem (23) causes axial displacement of the valve stem (23) relative to the bush (29). The apparatus (10) comprises a drive transmission means (55) for providing a driving connection to the bush (29) and the valve stem (23). The drive transmission means (55) has first and second modes of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation the drive transmission means causes the bush (29) to rotate with the valve stem (23) such that the valve stem rotates without undergoing axial movement and wherein in the second mode of operation the drive transmission means (55) causes relative rotation between the bush (29) and the valve stem (23) such that the valve stem undergoes axial movement while rotating. The apparatus (10) has means including hand wheel (245) for selectively causing the drive transmission means (55) to operate in either one of the first and second modes of operation during rotation of the valve stem (23).
F16K 29/00 - Arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening or closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking
F16K 1/24 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with valve members that, on opening of the valve, are initially lifted from the seat and next are turned around an axis parallel to the seat
F16K 1/02 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
F16K 1/32 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces - Details
F16K 31/04 - Operating means; Releasing devices magnetic using a motor
F16K 1/04 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves
F16K 31/05 - Operating means; Releasing devices magnetic using a motor specially adapted for operating hand-operated valves or for combined motor and hand operation
An operating mechanism (10) for a valve (11). The valve (11) has a valve body (13) defining a valve seat (19) and a valve member (21) moveable into and out of engagement with the valve seat (19). The valve member (21) comprises a valve disc (25) and a valve stem (23). The valve (11) also has a bush (29) through which the valve stem (23) extends in threaded engagement therewith whereby relative rotation between the bush (29) and the valve stem (23) causes axial displacement of the valve stem (23) relative to the bush (29). The apparatus (10) comprises a locking drive input (109) and an unlocking drive input (119), each of which is drivingly connected to the bush (29). The drive ratio between the respective drive inputs (109, 119) and the bush (29) are different from each other such that a larger torque is delivered to the bush (29) from the unlocking drive input (119) in comparison to the torque delivered to the bush (29) from the locking drive input (109) for the same torque input.
F16K 29/00 - Arrangements for movement of valve members other than for opening or closing the valve, e.g. for grinding-in, for preventing sticking
F16K 1/02 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
F16K 1/04 - Lift valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle with a cut-off member rigid with the spindle, e.g. main valves
F16K 31/04 - Operating means; Releasing devices magnetic using a motor
F16K 31/05 - Operating means; Releasing devices magnetic using a motor specially adapted for operating hand-operated valves or for combined motor and hand operation
A heat exchange apparatus (10) comprising an arrangement of relatively small diameter tubes (30) extending substantially longitudinally through a shell (12), the shell (12) having provided an inlet (16) and an outlet (18) for the ingress and egress of a material from which heat is to be transferred, and the tubes (30) being provided with both an inlet and an outlet for a material to which heat is to be transferred, wherein there are at least two such shell and tube arrangements provided and between which the material to be heated is to be transferred, and a transfer line connecting the at least two shell and tube arrangements, characterised in that the transfer line is provided in a form that discourages settling of solids entrained in the material to be heated.
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
F28F 13/08 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
Abstract A separator apparatus (10) characterised by a fluid inlet (12), a fluid outlet (14), a separated solids outlet (30) and a swirl vane (22), the swirl vane (22) being located down stream of the fluid inlet (12) but upstream of the fluid outlet (14) and separated solids outlet (30), the swirl vane (22) further being arranged so as to impart to the fluid flow passing therethrough a flow such that entrained particles move radially outward due to inertia, the fluid outlet (14) being arranged in-line with the fluid inlet (12) and swirl vane (22) whereas the solids outlet (30) is fed by a radially arranged collector.
B04C 3/06 - Construction of inlets or outlets to the vortex chamber
B01D 21/26 - Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force
B01D 45/16 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream
48.
METHOD FOR THE CAUSTICISATION OF BAYER PROCESS SOLUTIONS
A method for the causticisation of a Bayer process solution, the method including the steps of: adding a source of phosphate to the Bayer process solution; adding a causticising agent to the Bayer process solution; and forming a calcium phosphate precipitate, thereby causticising the Bayer process solution.
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
49.
METHOD OF CATALYTIC WET OXIDATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS OF ALKALINE SOLUTIONS
A method for the catalytic wet oxidation of organic contaminants of an alkaline solution, the method including the step of exposing the alkaline solution to an oxidising agent and a catalyst, under conditions suitable for the catalytic wet oxidation of organic contaminants, the method characterised in that the alkaline solution is exposed to the oxidising agent and the catalyst while the ratio of the concentration of free caustic in the alkaline solution (expressed in grams per litre equivalent of sodium carbonate) to the concentration of organic contaminants in the alkaline solution (expressed as grams per litre equivalent of carbon) is at least approximately 4.
C01F 7/04 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
C01F 7/06 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
A liquor analyser apparatus and method intended for use in real-time or near real-time in-field/on-line analysis of Bayer process liquors to determine the total alumina, total caustic, and total alkali concentrations, and if required, the total concentration of impurities, in the liquor is disclosed. The apparatus and method obviates the need for laboratory analysis, aside of any calibration analysis for initial set-up. The apparatus provides concentrations of alumina, total caustic and total alkali by relying on accurate determination of liquor temperature, density, sound velocity, conductivity and maximum conductivity of the liquor under isothermal dilution. The apparatus is formed around a vessels (11), (13), and (15) with sensors to measure these parameters. The vessels (11), (13), and (15) are fluidly connected in series, with vessel (15) draining to a reservoir (17). A pump (19) is provided to recirculate fluid from the reservoir (17) to the vessels (11), (13), (15) in a closed circuit manner. The vessels (11), (13), (15) and reservoir (17) are contained within a water jacket chamber (21) which is maintained at a suitable constant temperature. The apparatus has a sample inlet (23) and a water inlet (25), and a drain (27). An overflow (29) from the reservoir (17) connects to the drain to discharge fluid during dilution analysis of the fluid. Sample flows are controlled by automatic operation of valves MV1, MV2, MV3, and MV4. Water flow control is controlled via solenoid valves SV1, SV2, SV3, and SV4. Operation is automated by a PLC.
A method for the treatment of an alkaline Bayer process residue, the method comprising the steps of: Cooling and dehumidifying a flue gas by contacting the flue gas with a cool water stream and retaining the heat therefrom; Contacting a carbonate solution with the cooled, dehumidified flue gas to form a bicarbonate solution; Heating the bicarbonate solution utilising the heat recovered from the cooled flue gas; Contacting the alkaline Bayer process residue with the heated bicarbonate solution; Recovering a carbonate solution; and Recycling the recovered carbonate solution by contacting the recovered carbonate solution with a cooled, dehumidified flue gas to form a bicarbonate solution.
C01F 7/08 - Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals with sodium carbonate, e.g. sinter processes
patents
