There is provided mechanisms for providing a complementary virtual keyboard of a virtual input device in a virtual environment. The virtual input device is a virtual keyboard comprising virtual keys. A method is performed by a control device. The method comprises identifying user interaction with the virtual input device. The user interaction comprises at least one hand of the user interacting with the virtual input device in the virtual environment. The method comprises calculating a virtual representation of the user interaction with the virtual input device. The method comprises identifying, from the virtual representation, that the user interaction comprises the hand of the user is turned so that a palm side of the hand faces away from the virtual keyboard. The method comprises, in response thereto, revealing the complementary virtual keyboard for receiving user input from the user in the virtual environment.
The invention refers to method and devices for on demand paging for executing a sidelink relay path switch, the method comprising: Receiving (702, 1402) a message from a remote user equipment, UE, comprising a measurement report and a list of candidate relay UEs; Selecting(704, 1404) a target relay UE for the sidelink relay path switch from the list of candidate relay UEs; and performing one of: Transmitting (706) a paging request to an entity of a core network, CN, comprising instructions to page or instruct the target relay UE to transit to an RRC_CONNECTED state for sidelink relay path switch purposes; and Transmitting (1406) a paging request to the target relay UE, comprising a request or instructions to transit to an RRC_CONNECTED state for sidelink relay path switch purposes.
Systems and methods for configuration of Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) frequency-domain resource utilization are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node that implements a centralized network function unit for frequency-domain resource utilization configuration of an IAB node comprises determining a configurable frequency part size(s) for a frequency-domain resource utilization configuration of an IAB node and determining a mode of frequency-domain resource utilization for each of at least some of a plurality of frequency parts of an available bandwidth of the IAB node, the available bandwidth being divided into the plurality of frequency parts in accordance with the configurable frequency part size(s). The method further comprises sending the frequency-domain resource utilization configuration to the IAB node.
Embodiments include methods for a user equipment (UE) configured to transmit and receive application data in a wireless network. Such methods include receiving, from a network node of the wireless network, an allocation of a plurality of transmission resources having respective periodic start times. Such methods include determining modified start times for the respective transmission resources based on the periodic start times and one or more parameters associated with periodically arriving application data. Such methods include transmitting or receiving the periodically arriving application data using the allocated transmission resources at the respective modified start times. Other embodiments include complementary methods for a network node, as well as UEs and network nodes configured to perform such methods.
A network node allocates (810), to each of two or more component carriers, a respective power share of a total UE transmit power and calculates (820) a required UE transmit power to achieve a target power density at the network node, where the target power density is the sum of a nominal target power density and a predetermined power density offset. The network node reallocates (830) 5 any excess available UE transmit power over the required UE transmit power for a carrier to another carrier or carriers and calculates (840) an achievable received power density at the network node based on the allocated UE transmit powers. The network node calculates (850) an adjusted power density offset by subtracting the nominal target power density from the achievable received power density, and uses the adjusted power density offset when performing (860) closed‐loop power 0 control for the carriers.
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
A wireless device selects an occasion or resource unit to use for transmitting a payload within a slot that is the same as or immediately after a slot in which the wireless device transmits a random access preamble for random access to a wireless communication network. The occasion or resource unit is selected based on one or more selection criteria. The one or more selection criteria may include a type, purpose, and/or priority of the random access, of an event that triggered the random access, or of the payload. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more selection criteria may include a capability of the wireless device to transmit both the random access preamble and the payload based on the same clear channel assessment. Regardless, the wireless device transmits the payload using the selected occasion or resource unit.
A system and method for managing recording quality and device space utilization in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network. Using a subscriber recording schedule and available storage capacity, a DVR recording scheduler and optimization node is operative to determine a bitrate cap for one or more programs scheduled to be recorded at a default or target recording device. A multicast ABR video management agent is operative for joining, responsive to the bitrate cap information and other information provided via a multicast ABR bandwidth policy manager, the recording device to respective service channels corresponding to the one or more programs at select bitrate representations that maximize or optimize bitrate quality of recording subject to the bitrate cap information.
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N 21/433 - Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request or caching operations
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
8.
RECORDING MULTICAST ADAPTIVE BITRATE (MABR) STREAMING CONTENT BASED ON SCHEDULE
A system and method for facilitating recording of content in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using a DVR recording scheduler node. A program recording request may be generated at a subscriber device based on a program schedule to record a particular program, wherein the program recording request includes a priority level indicative of a video quality preference for recording the particular program. Optionally, the program recording request may also include an indication of a target recording device of the subscriber premises. The recording quality of the particular program may be dynamically adjusted based on bandwidth contention conditions on the subscriber premises bandwidth pipe and may involve disregarding the priority level indicated in the program recording request as long as there is no bandwidth contention.
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
Methods and apparatus for sharing entropy between an entropy broker and various devices are shown. The entropy broker receives a communication from a client. Responsive to determining that the client provided entropy, the entropy broker processes the provided entropy and responsive to determining that the client requested entropy, the entropy broker adds the client to an entropy queue.
G06F 7/58 - Random or pseudo-random number generators
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04W 4/00 - Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
10.
FAST CHANNEL CHANGE IN A MULTICAST ADAPTIVE BITRATE (MABR) STREAMING NETWORK USING HTTP DOWNLOAD SEGMENT RECOVERY IN A DEDICATED BANDWIDTH PIPE
A system and method for effectuating channel changes in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using a dedicated bandwidth pipe for downloading a requested channel's data in a recovery segment by issuing an HTTP request. A video management agent is configured to stitch the recovery segment's data with the regular channel stream during the channel change to generate a hybrid stream, which is multicast streamed toward the requesting device. Once the data from the regular channel stream is properly joined, recovery segment downloading ceases and the bandwidth consumed for sending recovery data in the dedicated bandwidth pipe is released.
H04N 21/438 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
H04N 21/6373 - Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
11.
FAST CHANNEL CHANGE IN A MULTICAST ADAPTIVE BITRATE (MABR) STREAMING NETWORK USING HTTP DOWNLOAD SEGMENT RECOVERY IN A SHARED PROGRESSIVE ABR DOWNLOAD PIPE
A system and method for effectuating channel changes in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using temporarily borrowed bandwidth from a shared progressive download ABR bandwidth pipe for downloading a requested channel's data in a recovery segment by issuing an HTTP request. A video management agent is configured to stitch the recovery segment's data with the regular channel stream during the channel change to generate a hybrid stream, which is multicast streamed toward the requesting device. Once the data from the regular channel stream is properly joined, recovery segment downloading ceases and the bandwidth consumed for sending recovery data is released back to the progressive download ABR pipe.
H04N 21/438 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
H04N 21/6373 - Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
12.
FAST CHANNEL CHANGE IN A MULTICAST ADAPTIVE BITRATE (MABR) STREAMING NETWORK USING MULTICAST REPEAT SEGMENT BURSTS IN A SHARED PROGRESSIVE ABR DOWNLOAD PIPE
A system and method for effectuating channel changes in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using temporarily borrowed bandwidth from a shared progressive download ABR bandwidth pipe for burst transmitting a requested channel's data. A video management agent is configured to stitch burst-transmitted data with the regular channel stream during the channel change to generate a hybrid stream, which is multicast streamed toward the requesting device. Once the data from the regular channel stream is properly joined, burst transmission ceases and the bandwidth consumed for sending burst-transmitted data is released back to the progressive download ABR pipe.
A system and method for effectuating channel changes in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using a dedicated bandwidth pipe for burst transmitting a requested channel's data. A video management agent is configured to stitch burst-transmitted data with the regular channel stream during the channel change to generate a hybrid stream, which is multicast streamed toward the requesting device. Once the data from the regular channel stream is properly joined, burst transmission ceases and the bandwidth consumed for sending burst-transmitted data is released.
A complexity-driven adaptive quality scheme for managing segment delivery and bandwidth allocation in an ABR network. Upon determining an average video complexity or ECM value for media content over a select time duration, a delivery weight parameter may be obtained as a function of the average ECM value and a policy-defined weight to be used in a weighted fair queuing (WFQ) process for delivering the media content to a requesting ABR client device. The delivery weight parameter may then be applied in the WFQ process for streaming the media asset to the ABR client device until all media segments are delivered.
H04N 21/2365 - Multiplexing of several video streams
H04N 21/238 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N 21/434 - Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams or extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
H04N 19/177 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
15.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING SEGMENT DELIVERY AND BANDWIDTH RESPONSIVE TO ENCODING COMPLEXITY METRICS
A complexity-driven adaptive quality scheme for managing segment delivery and bandwidth allocation in an ABR network. Segments for downloading to a requesting ABR client may be selected based on encoding complexity data associated therewith, wherein a virtual segmenter may operate to represent the media segments in a memory using associated pointers. In a bandwidth management configuration using a WFQ scheduling mechanism, delivery weights may be modified based on the complexity data.
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N 21/254 - Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server or rights management server
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
16.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING ABR BITRATE DELIVERY RESPONSIVE TO VIDEO BUFFER CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLIENT
A scheme for managing delivery of segmented media content in an ABR network, wherein bitrates of a manifest file may be selectively modified or removed based on a client device's video buffer characteristics. An ABR stream delivery server is operative to simulate the client device's video buffer in a streaming session and accordingly modify the manifest files to include metadata for media segments encoded at a particular single bitrate responsive to the buffer performance and other network conditions. Responsive to monitoring the video buffer characteristics of the media player during the streaming session, a selected single bitrate may be moved up or down to other bitrates of the manifest files.
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04N 21/6373 - Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
17.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENFORCING PROGRAM AND DEVICE CLASS ENTITLEMENTS IN A BROADCAST STREAM USING A MANIFEST FILE
A method and apparatus for managing entitlements in a broadcast stream are disclosed. The method includes receiving a manifest containing program information for a program in the broadcast stream, with the program information providing a program entitlement block. The method uses entitlements specified in the program entitlement block to enforce entitlements for the program.
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04H 60/14 - Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services
H04N 21/6543 - Transmission by server directed to the client for forcing some client operations, e.g. recording
H04N 21/8355 - Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving usage data, e.g. number of copies or viewings allowed
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
H04N 21/454 - Content filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
H04N 21/8352 - Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving content or source identification data, e.g. UMID [Unique Material Identifier]
A method and apparatus for managing entitlements in a broadcast stream are disclosed. The method includes identifying a program within a received media stream for a channel, receiving entitlements associated with the program, and writing an entitlement block containing the entitlements into a manifest file for delivery to a media client in the broadcast stream.
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04H 60/14 - Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services
H04N 21/6543 - Transmission by server directed to the client for forcing some client operations, e.g. recording
H04N 21/8355 - Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving usage data, e.g. number of copies or viewings allowed
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
H04N 21/454 - Content filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
H04N 21/8352 - Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving content or source identification data, e.g. UMID [Unique Material Identifier]
A system and method for providing guaranteed channels in a switched digital video network using multicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming. In one implementation, when a request for a guaranteed channel is received from a subscriber station (e.g., a set-top box or STB), a determination may be made as to which edge QAM device the requested channel is assigned to. A bandwidth pipe modeling may be performed for the assigned edge QAM to determine an optimal bitrate of a particular MABR stream that may be packed into the edge QAM's bandwidth pipe. Thereafter, the particular MABR stream may be joined to facilitate streaming of the requested channel via the QAM serving the subscriber station.
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
20.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING NON-GUARANTEED CHANNEL CONTENT IN A SWITCHED DIGITAL VIDEO NETWORK USING MULTICAST ABR STREAMING
A system and method for providing non-guaranteed channels in a switched digital video network using multicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming. In one implementation, upon receiving a request for a non-guaranteed channel is received from a subscriber station (e.g., a set-top box or STB), a bandwidth pipe modeling process is operative to model a bandwidth pipe corresponding to each edge QAM device configured to support non-guaranteed channels for selecting a particular edge QAM device that can best accommodate the requested non-guaranteed channel. Bitrates of MABR streams of existing channels of the selected edge QAM device may be adjusted in order to accommodate a particular MABR stream at chosen bitrate of the requested non-guaranteed channel. IGMP Join operations may be effectuated, as needed, to join MABR streams of the existing channels and the requested non- guaranteed channel to correct IGMP group(s). A channel change response message including one or more channel frequencies, if the change request is accommodated, may be transmitted to the requesting subscriber station.
H04N 21/238 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
H04N 21/6338 - Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to network
H04N 21/6373 - Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
21.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING VOD CONTENT IN A SWITCHED DIGITAL VIDEO NETWORK USING UNICAST ABR STREAMING
A system and method for providing VOD/NPVR content in a switched digital video network using unicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming. In one implementation, upon receiving a notification from a back office pursuant to the VOD session request from a subscriber station (e.g., a set-top box or STB), a bandwidth pipe modeling process is operative to model a bandwidth pipe corresponding to each edge QAM device configured to support VOD sessions for selecting a particular edge QAM device that can best accommodate the requested VOD session. Bitrates of UABR streams of existing VOD sessions of the selected edge QAM device may be adjusted in order to accommodate a particular UABR stream at a chosen bitrate for the requested VOD session. UABR allocations of the selected edge QAM's bandwidth pipe may be effectuated for the existing VOD sessions and the requested VOD session as needed. A response message including one or more session frequencies, if the session request is accommodated, may be transmitted to the requesting subscriber station.
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
22.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING BANDWIDTH RESPONSIVE TO THE DUTY CYCLE OF AN ABR CLIENT
A scheme for managing bandwidth in a multi-client environment including one or more ABR clients and, optionally, one or more non-ABR clients. When an ABR client enters a sleep phase of its duty cycle, phantom tokens may be issued to simulate full capacity of the network link, wherein phantom packets are used for ABR bandwidth calculation. Any extra bandwidth that would have been used by another ABR client to artificially inflate its video quality may be optionally allocated to a non-ABR client engaged in a progressive download session in the same bandwidth pipe.
A scheme for managing bandwidth in a multi-client environment including one or more ABR clients and, optionally, one or more non-ABR clients. When an ABR client enters a sleep phase of its duty cycle, phantom tokens may be issued to simulate full capacity of the network link, wherein phantom packets are used for ABR bandwidth calculation. Any extra bandwidth that would have been used by another ABR client to artificially inflate its video quality may be optionally allocated to a non-ABR client engaged in a progressive download session in the same bandwidth pipe.
A method is implemented by a computing device to provide traffic-aware virtual machine (VM) placement onto physical servers of a data center where the placement takes incremental VM job arrival and physical server heterogeneity into consideration. The method forms a graph including a new VM node, an existing VM node, and an edge between the nodes, where the edge is assigned a weight that represents a traffic demand. The method marks the existing VM node as belonging to one of the physical servers, adds dummy VM nodes to the graph, adds pseudo VM nodes to the graph, connects nodes belonging to a same physical server using an infinite weight pseudo edge, runs a balanced minimum k-cut problem algorithm on the graph to thereby divide the graph into sub-graphs, and maps the new VM to one of the physical servers based on the division of sub-graphs.
A scheme for providing targeted advertisements in a multicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming environment. In one implementation (800, 1400), ads specific to a subscriber's demographic profile and relevant to the genre of a tuned MABR media channel may be downloaded in a gateway (GW) (204) or into a network storage system (924). In another implementation (1600, 1800), multicast ABR streams of ads may be triggered at specific points (e.g., insertion markers in a multicast ABR media channel) that can be selectively joined by a GW node (1802) based on demographics and channel genre. In yet another implementation (2500), continuously streaming multicast ad channels may be switched at suitable points in a multicast ABR media channel based on targeting parameters.
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/433 - Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request or caching operations
H04N 21/44 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
26.
ADVERTISEMENT TARGETING SCHEME IN A MULTICAST ABR ENVIRONMENT BASED ON SWITCHED VIDEO
A scheme for providing targeted advertisements in a multicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming environment. In one implementation (800, 1400), ads specific to a subscriber's demographic profile and relevant to the genre of a tuned MABR media channel may be downloaded in a gateway (GW) (204) or into a network storage system (924). In another implementation (1600, 1800), multicast ABR streams of ads may be triggered at specific points (e.g., insertion markers in a multicast ABR media channel) that can be selectively joined by a GW node (1802) based on demographics and channel genre. In yet another implementation (2500), continuously streaming multicast ad channels may be switched at suitable points in a multicast ABR media channel based on targeting parameters.
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
27.
ADVERTISEMENT TARGETING SCHEME IN A MULTICAST ABR ENVIRONMENT BASED ON THROTTLED AD CHANNEL STREAMING
A scheme for providing targeted advertisements in a multicast adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming environment. In one implementation (800, 1400), ads specific to a subscriber's demographic profile and relevant to the genre of a tuned MABR media channel may be downloaded in a gateway (GW) (204) or into a network storage system (924). In another implementation (1600, 1800), multicast ABR streams of ads may be triggered at specific points (e.g., insertion markers in a multicast ABR media channel) that can be selectively joined by a GW node (1802) based on demographics and channel genre. In yet another implementation (2500), continuously streaming multicast ad channels may be switched at suitable points in a multicast ABR media channel based on targeting parameters.
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
28.
OPTIMIZING ABR SEGMENT SIZES FOR MOBILE VIDEO OUTAGE COVERAGE IN AN ABR STREAMING NETWORK
A scheme for optimizing segment sizes for an adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming client engaged in a current ABR streaming session. In one implementation, a determination is made whether a wireless UE device executing the ABR streaming client is approaching a radio white spot area. If so, a video buffer of the ABR client is configured to preload a fixed number of segments having an adjusted size depending on the duration of the radio white spot area. The preloaded segments may comprise lower quality video segments, and as the wireless UE device exits the radio white spot area, the segment size and/or bitrates may be restored depending on the signal quality.
A system, method, and content prowler server (34) for creating a catalog of electronic content, wherein a customer accesses the catalog to browse and purchase electronic content, which is downloaded over a network to a customer premises (31) where the electronic content is presented on a rendering device (54-56). Different pieces of the electronic content have different bandwidth requirements and impose different requirements for the rendering device. The server (34) determines whether' customer premises capabilities, including those of the rendering device, meet the requirements of each piece of electronic content and populates the catalog only with pieces of electronic content for which the customer premises capabilities meet the requirements of the electronic content. Alternatively, the server (34) may include all of the electronic content in the catalog while marking those pieces for which the customer premises capabilities do not meet the requirements of the electronic content.
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
30.
OUTAGE NOTIFICATION WITH CLIENT CONTROL MODIFICATION IN AN ABR STREAMING NETWORK
A scheme for modulating an adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming client engaged in a current ABR streaming session. In one implementation, a determination is made whether a wireless UE device executing the ABR streaming client is approaching a radio white spot area. If so, a video buffer of the ABR cl ient is configured to preload lower quality video segments to last for the duration of the radio white spot area. One or more ABR client controls may be selectively deactivated while the wireless UE device is in the radio white spot area.
H04N 21/258 - Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics or processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
H04N 21/414 - Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance
H04N 21/433 - Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request or caching operations
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
H04N 21/472 - End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content
H04N 21/6543 - Transmission by server directed to the client for forcing some client operations, e.g. recording
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
31.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR PROVIDING ADAPTIVE BITRATE-DYNAMIC ADVERTISEMENTS
A method and arrangement in an advertisement control system for providing adaptive bitrate-dynamic advertisements in an adaptively streamed video stream defined by a manifest. A bitrate monitor monitors the varying delivery bitrate of the video stream. A processor determines whether the delivery bitrate has fallen below a minimum bitrate threshold of a next advertisement in the manifest. If so, the arrangement replaces the next advertisement with a replacement video chunk such as a replacement advertisement having a minimum bitrate threshold lower than or equal to the delivery bitrate of the video stream. The arrangement may be implemented in an advertisement server, a client device, or a manifest creator.
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
32.
MERGING MULTICAST ABR AND UNICAST ABR WITH PROGRESSIVE DOWNLOAD ABR IN A CUSTOMER PREMISES DEVICE WITHIN THE SAME VIDEO DELIVERY PIPE
A method of managing bandwidth allocation across a video pipe that delivers both streaming adaptive bitrate (ABR) content and progressive download ABR content includes receiving a designation of a congestion boundary within a video pipe, the congestion boundary designating a first percentage of the video pipe that is to be used for streaming ABR content when congestion exists on both sides of the congestion boundary, wherein a remaining percentage of the video pipe is to be used for progressive download ABR; allocating bandwidth for streaming ABR content, wherein the gateway device can allocate for streaming content only that portion of the remaining percentage of bandwidth that is not requested for progressive download content; and allocating bandwidth for progressive download content, wherein the gateway device can allocate for progressive download content only that portion of the first percentage of bandwidth that is not requested for streaming content.
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
H04N 21/2662 - Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
H04N 21/61 - Network physical structure; Signal processing
A method of delivering unicast adaptive bitrate (UABR) streaming includes receiving, at a content delivery network (CDN) node, a request for a video asset to be streamed at a selected bitrate; loading a manifest for the requested video asset; parsing the manifest for the requested video asset and preloading a plurality of segments across all represented bitrates into a preload cache buffer; fetching requested bitrate segments into a segment combiner; and streaming a combined stream to the requesting entity.
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
H04N 21/238 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04N 21/472 - End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content
H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
34.
BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT IN A CONTENT DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
A system and method in which each node m a Content Distribution Network (CDN) maintains information about the most-recent state of the CDN as a whole to decide what; band width, to use when serving a content subscriber so that the total bandwidth of the entire multimedia content streamed/delivered to the subscriber through various nodes in the CDN remains within a pre-defined bandwidth cap for the subscriber. The entire CDN is thus treated as a single edge node. Each node In a CDN may periodically transmit to ail other nodes in the CDN, information about any activity that occurs at the transmitting node, instead of reporting to all the nodes, the transmitting node may report details of its node-specific activity to a subset of "interested" nodes. Once each node has a model of what the entire CDN system is currently doing, that node can implement bandwidth management in a coherent manner.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
35.
CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION IN AN ABR NETWORK USING CLIENT INTERACTIVITY
A scheme for managing conflict resolution in an ABR streaming environment with respect to a bandwidth pipe serving a customer premises, in one aspect when a session request is received from a new ABR client launched in the customer premises that includes one or more existing ABR clients having corresponding streaming sessions, a bandwidth forecasting module is configured to forecast bandwidth, requirements with respect to the corresponding ABR streaming sessions after accounting for a bandwidth requirement for the new ABR client's session request, A conflict condition may be detected if any of forecasted band width requirements violates a bitrate threshold policy relative to the corresponding ABR streaming sessions and/or the new session being requested, if there is a conflict, an interactive session may be launched with one or more clients for facilitating user selection of one or more options relative to the impending conflict condition.
A scheme for managing conflict resolution in an ABR streaming environment with respect to a bandwidth pipe serving a customer premises, in one aspect when a session request is received from a new ABR client launched in the customer premises that includes one or more existing ABR clients having corresponding streaming sessions, a bandwidth forecasting module is configured to forecast bandwidth, requirements with respect to the corresponding ABR streaming sessions after accounting for a bandwidth requirement for the new ABR client's session request, A conflict may be detected if any of forecasted bandwidth requirements violates a bitrate threshold policy relative to the corresponding ABR streaming sessions and/or the new session being requested, if there is a conflict, a conflict notification message to the new ABR client is provided and the session request from the new ABR client is rejected.
A scheme for managing ABR streaming of content in a wireless radio network environment that may have radio white spot areas. Upon determining that the wireless UE device executing an ABR client application is in a radio white spot area, the current ABR streaming session may he suspended at a particular segment. Thereafter, playback of other content locally cached at the wireless UE device may be commenced in lieu of the ABR media segments. When the wireless UE device exits the radio white spot area, the ABR streaming session may be resumed from a point adjacent to the particular segment where the ABR streaming session was suspended.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
H04W 4/02 - Services making use of location information
38.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURING CONTENT KEYS DELIVERED IN MANIFEST FILES
A method and a user device ate disclosed for securing streaming content decryption. The method includes receiving at the user device a manifest for requested content, the manifest providing a. Content Encryption Key (CEK) that is encrypted using a first public Key Encryption Key (KEK), a corresponding first private KEK. being stored in secure storage on the user device; decrypting, inside a secure processing zone on the user device, the CEK using the first private KEK to create a decrypted content key; decrypting, inside the secure processing zone, requested content using the decrypted content key to form decrypted content, and providing the decrypted content to a decoder on the mobile user device.
A client device streams content from a streaming server via a buffer, with the content containing segments of requested content and segments of time-sensitive content (TSC). The client device scans metadata associated with the buffer to determine whether an instance of TSC in the buffer is optimal. Responsive to determining that a given instance of TSC in the buffer is not: optimal, replacing the given instance of TSC with a replacement instance of TSC stored on the client device.
H04N 21/45 - Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
G06Q 30/02 - Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
H04N 21/462 - Content or additional data management e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end or controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabi
A system and method for pre-provisioning ABR assets m a content delivery network (CDN), In an example, historical delivery patterns of one or more ABR assets downloaded at respective content delivery nodes of the CDN are monitored. For each. content delivery node, one or more delivery rules may be determined based on statistical distributions of the ABR assets delivered over a period of" time. When a particular content is determined to become popular at a specific content delivery node, a pre-provisloning policy may he modulated such that only certain representations or adaptation sets of the particular content's assets that pass the delivery rules are pre- provisioned for the specific content delivery node.
H04N 21/25 - Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication or learning user preferences for recommending movies
41.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING DEFRAGMENTATION OF CONTENT IN A CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORK
A system and method for optimizing defragmentation of content in a content delivery network (CDN). In an example, a manifest available to the content delivery node with respect to a particular content as well as segment files stored in a database cache of the content delivery node are analyzed to determine if any segment files referenced by the manifest are absent from the database cache. If so, one or more delivery rules associated with the content delivery node based on historical ABR asset delivery patterns may be applied to determine representations of the absent segment files that satisfy the one or more delivery rules. After determining compliant representations of the absent segment files, they may be pulled from another content delivery node of the CDN (e.g., a parent node or an edge server node).
H04N 21/25 - Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication or learning user preferences for recommending movies
A software-defined media platform (100) having one or more media processing units (108, 112-1 to 112-N, 116) that may be dynamically instantiated, interconnected and configured according to changes in demand, resource availability, and other parameters affecting system performance relative to demand In one example media processing method a source media stream (106) may be received via multicast or unicast. The source media stream (106) may be processed into one or more levels of work product segments (107, 115-1 to 115-3) having different media characteristics by a plurality of transcoding processing units, as needed. One or more levels of work product segments (107, 115-1 to 115-3), or the source media stream (106), may be packaged (e.g., including resegmenting) into final work product segments (117) having select media characteristics, which may be uploaded to a cloud storage unit (118) for delivery to end users (122-1 to 122-N).
G06F 17/30 - Information retrieval; Database structures therefor
H04N 21/2343 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
43.
NETWORK PERSONAL VIDEO RECORDER SAVINGS WITH SCALABLE VIDEO CODING
A network node in a network personal video recorder (NPVR) system receives a request from a user to record a program asset provided on a channel and responsive to a count of enhancement recordings of the channel being equal to zero, starts a plurality of enhancement layer encode captures from the broadcast feed of the channel into an enhancement warehouse. The network node also starts a base layer encode capture of a broadcast feed of the channel into an NPVR warehouse associated with the user and increments the count of enhancement recordings of the channel by one.
H04N 21/231 - Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers or prioritizing data for deletion
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
A recording device and a method are described herein that provide a network-based personal video recording service utilizing adaptive bit rate technology for a plurality of users. In operation, the recording device records at a minimum a single bit rate (one set of segmented files) of the broadcast content within each user's network personal video recorder storage unit. Plus, the recording device stores the other bit rates (remaining sets of segmented files) in a central storage location or some other storage location.
A system and method that utilize a learning system to maintain a set of geographical locations indicating an area where network data coverage is poor. When it is determined that a client device is moving towards such an area, the client is forced or instructed to switch to a lower delivery bitrate for video segments in order to force the client's Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) playback buffer to fill itself with enough low-quality video segments to enable the client to cross the area without video playback interruption. Thus, the client mobile device may be preemptively forced to choose the lowest bitrate specified in a manifest file for the delivered video segments as the bitrate for downloading video segments when approaching the poor coverage area, Hence, the client, device can maintain a minimum level of Quality of Service (QoS) when moving through network areas with poor data coverage.
A system and method for effectuating fast channel changes in an adaptive streaming environment. When a new stream of media content is started, a client device is adapted for sending a request for transmission of media content encoded at a select bit rate. Upon receipt of the encoded media content, the client device is operative to decode and render t he media content immediately regardless of a buffer state associated with the client device's video buffer. The client device is further operative to send a request for streaming media content encoded at higher hit rates upon expiration of a specific period of time.
H04N 21/238 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N 21/236 - Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator ] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
47.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING ADJACENT CHANNELS IN AN ADAPTIVE STREAMING ENVIRONMENT
A system and method for managing adjacent channels in an adaptive streaming environment. One or more adjacent channels way be defined for a client device relative to a current streaming channel, wherein the client device is configured to pre-fetch metadata and initialization information for the defined adjacent channels based on bandwidth, conditions, buffer conditions, etc. When a channel is changed, the client device is operative to use the pre-fetched data to quickly obtain encoded media content for rendering.
H04N 21/238 - Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
H04N 21/236 - Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator ] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
A streaming policy management system and method wherein bandwidth may be allocated based on external device information received from a streaming client device connected to one or more external audio/video (A/V) devices. When, a streaming network back office receives a request from the streaming client device for delivery of a particular content, wherein the request includes external device information of one or more external A/V devices connected to the streaming client device, a bandwidth is determined for streaming the particular content to the streaming client device and a request may be made to a content delivery network to create a distribution pipe having the bandwidth to accommodate the delivery of the particular content. A manifest file is provided to the streaming client device that includes one or more pointers that point to content segments of the particular content.
H04N 21/436 - Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or inside the home
H04N 21/43 - Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronizing decoder's clock; Client middleware
49.
A METHOD AND SYSTEM TO ALLOCATE BANDWIDTH BASED ON TASK DEADLINE IN CLOUD COMPUTING NETWORKS
A method implemented to provide a virtual network to tenants requiring bandwidth in a cloud computing environment is disclosed. The method starts with receiving a request for a task at a network device, the request including a first parameter indicating VMs required, a second parameter indicating bandwidths the required VMs need, a third parameter indicating a duration of the task, and a fourth parameter indicating a deadline of the task. The network device then selects a starting time and a bandwidth allocation of the task, where the bandwidth allocation is shrank to be smaller than the second parameter indicating, and where the selection aims at minimizing a measurement of cloud resource utilization considering consumptions of both VMs and bandwidth. Then the network device allocates VMs for the request at the starting time with the bandwidth allocated at a particular location in the cloud computing environment.
A method for enforcing entitlements includes configuring a wide variety of entitlements at a server; determining applicable combination of entitlements for a given client request; sending entitlements to the requesting client securely; handling entitlement information securely on a plurality of client devices at run time; storing entitlement information securely on a plurality of client devices for offline use; and enforcing entitlements on a plurality of client devices. The method employs manipulation of manifest files by a proxy that may be included in the client device or located in the network.
A client device for media playback includes a user-installable media client application which implements the client-side of a digital rights management (DRM) system. The client device employs secure boot and verifies the user-installed application. The application is hardened against reverse engineering, and it utilizes a special API provided by the client device to tie into the secure boot, bridging the gap between the secure boot and the client-side of the DRM system contained within the application.
A method implemented by a network service provider to provide a virtual network to tenants requiring bandwidth in a cloud computing environment, where the virtual network includes a first set of one or more virtual switches that manage a second set of one or more physical servers that host virtual machines (VMs). The method starts with receiving by one virtual switch a request for a first plurality of VMs, where at least one VM of the first plurality of VMs contains a bandwidth different from bandwidths of the rest of one or more VMs. The it is determined whether to accept the request for the first plurality of VMs by calculating a set of allocation ranges (ARs) associated to the virtual switch, wherein each AR of the set of ARs denotes at least one discontinuous VM allocation space within a virtual switch. Then VMs are allocated for the request.
A method implemented by a network service provider to provide a virtual network to tenants requiring bandwidth in a cloud computing environment, wherein the virtual network includes a first set of one or more virtual switches that manage a second set of one or more physical servers that host a first plurality of available virtual machines (VMs), the method comprising receiving by at least one virtual switch a bandwidth request for a second plurality of VMs, determining whether to accept the request of the second plurality of VMs by calculating an allocation range (AR) associated to the virtual switch, wherein the AR denotes at least one discontinuous VM allocation space within the virtual switch, and allocating VMs to the tenant in response to the determination of accepting the request of the second plurality of VMs.
A method for bidirectional optical communication comprising the steps of: - at a first optical line terminal, directly modulating a laser source to generate a downstream optical signal which has an optical power spectrum comprising two peaks having a frequency separation and a non zero power difference at generation,; - propagating said downstream optical signal at a distance along an optical line comprising at least a first optical fiber propagating said downstream optical signal to a second optical line terminal; - at the second optical line terminal: power splitting said downstream optical signal to generate a first and a second power portion of said downstream optical signal, spatially separated; passive filtering said first power portion of said downstream optical signal so as to increase in absolute value a respective power difference of said two peaks, so as to obtain a filtered optical signal which is thereafter detected; and amplitude modulating the second power portion of the downstream optical signal so as to obtain an upstream optical signal having a second amplitude modulation; - propagating back along said optical line the upstream optical signal to the first optical line terminal; - at said first optical line terminal, detecting said upstream optical signal; wherein the method further comprises the step of passive filtering said downstream optical signal and/or said second power portion of the downstream optical signal and/or said upstream optical signal, so as to lower, in absolute value, a respective non zero power difference of said two peaks.
A method reduces a paging zone for a mobile station in a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations capable of supporting a plurality of application types. A radius of the paging zone is determined. A location update for the mobile station is received. A call setup request for the mobile station is received. The call setup request is associated with an application type. The radius of the paging zone is reduced based on the application type, a speed of the mobile station and an amount of time elapsed since receiving the location update.
An apparatus for servicing connections in a telecommunications network comprises N ports in communication with the connections through the network. Each port supporting a plurality of virtual links, and each virtual link supporting a plurality of rate groups. The apparatus comprises a processor for providing service to the connections. The apparatus comprises an associative array that stores timestamps of the virtual links and the rate groups. The apparatus comprises a scheduler which chooses which virtual link and rate group is to receive service from the processor as a function of a timestamp. An apparatus for servicing connections in a telecommunications network. The apparatus comprises N ports in communication with the connections through the network. Each port supporting a plurality of virtual links, and each virtual link supporting a plurality of rate groups. The apparatus comprises a processor for providing service to the connections. The apparatus comprises a memory that stores timestamps of the virtual links and the rate groups. The apparatus comprises a scheduler which chooses which virtual link and rate group is to receive service from the processor as a function of a timestamp by searching the timestamps while the timestamps are stored in the memory. A method for servicing connections in a telecommunications network.
The application relates to automatically forming a concurrent collaboration with an existing audio conference. Collaboration refers to collaboration software used to share PC desktop applications. In the operation of the invention, when three or more people are in a audio or audio/video teleconference it is often desirable to launch a PC application in order to discuss or illustrate a point. This application describes a technique for a single conference participant to launch a collaboration session among conference participants. The problem is solved in that a database associates audio nodes or parties' audio addresses of a network with their corresponding computing addresses. The computing nodes (PC) and audio nodes (PHONE) can be on completely separate networks (VOICE NETWORK, DATABASE NETWORK), as long as the database (DATABASE) can communicate on each. A collaboration application on a computing node (PC) initiates a query to the audio bridge of the audio/video teleconference (CONFERENCE HOST) for the audio addresses of conference participants. Subsequently, the application sends a query to the database (3) which retrieves the corresponding computing addresses which are used to send collaboration session info to the corresponding computing nodes thereby forming a collaboration session.
A system for providing secure communications includes a telecommunications network. The system includes N nodes and a new node in communication with the network to form a session, where N is greater than or equal to three and is an integer. Each node has media streams, and a unique cryptographic media key for each media stream which each node sends to every other node of the session over the telecommunications network. One of the N nodes is a key master which distributes a master key to every other node in the session over the network. Each node encrypts with its own respective media key and the master key each of its media streams. When the new node first joins the session, the new node sends its unique cryptographic media keys for each of its media streams to the N nodes of the session. The key master then generates a new master key with the media keys of the new node and distributes the new master key to the new node and the N nodes using only a single signaling message to each of the N nodes and the new node without any other signaling messages to establish secure communications between the new node and the N nodes in the session.
Techniques for recovering Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) session(s) of a mobility agent in a Mobile IP network are described herein. In one embodiment of the invention, for each mobility session associated with a mobility agent, the mobility agent distributively backs up mobility agent specific information to the mobility agent peer associated with that mobility session. The mobility agent specific information is not used by the mobility agent peer. Upon the mobility agent inadvertently losing at least one mobility session, the mobility agent recovers the stored mobility agent specific information associated with those sessions from the mobility agent peers respectively associated with those sessions. Other methods and apparatuses are also described.
A telecommunications system (10) includes a telecommunications network (12). The system includes n nodes (14), where n is an integer greater than or equal to 3, in communication with the network. The system includes a host node (16) that creates a session through the network between the n nodes. The system includes an additional node (18) in communication with the network, the host node adding the additional node to the session without any signaling messages being sent from the n nodes.
Techniques for security association management on a home agent and a foreign agent are described herein In one embodiment, in response to a first mobile network registration request from a mobile node, a remote authentication facility is accessed to retrieve a security association for the mobile node for authenticating and providing a first network connectivity to the mobile node, wherein the security association is associated with a lifespan. The security association is inserted in a local security association database to create a security association entry, wherein the security association entry includes the lifespan. A second mobile network registration request from the mobile node after the first network connectivity has been terminated is received and the security association entry in the local security association database that corresponds to the mobile node is used to provide authentication of the mobile node without having to access the remote authentication facility again.
A first aggregation node in communication with the first network and the second network, the source node and internal nodes of the first network only having knowledge of each other and of the first aggregation node. The system includes a second aggregate node in communication with the second network and the third network, the internal nodes of the second network only having knowledge of ea other and the first and second aggregate nodes, the destination node and the internal nodes of the third network only having knowled of each other and the second aggregation node, the first and second aggregation nodes only having knowledge of each other, the destination node receiving the data from the source node using a link state routing protocol and shortest path bridging through the first second and third networks and the first and second aggregation nodes.
A method and apparatus that proxies connectivity check messages and sends fault state changes messages across an MPLS/VPLS network is described. A network element proxies connectivity check messages for remote maintenance endpoints based on a local database. The network element updates the database based on received fault state change message that identify a fault state change of a remote maintenance endpoint. The network element detects fault state changes of local maintenance endpoints and sends a fault state change message to other network elements that proxy connectivity check message for the local maintenance endpoints.
A method and apparatus of updating a forwarding plane of a network element in response to receiving a mobility event is described. The network element receives a mobility message indicating a mobile node has coupled to a new access port associated with the network element. The message further indicates that the mobile node moved from an old access port to a new access port. The network element adds an entry in a forwarding table of the old egress engine to redirect a set of packets destined to the mobile node to a new egress engine, where the new egress engine is associated with the new access port. Furthermore, the network element redirects the set of packet from the old egress engine to the new egress engine.
A telecommunications system includes a source node. The system includes a plurality of destination nodes. The system includes a network having links and end stations. The system includes a plurality of switches that create paths along links between the source nodes and the destination nodes where there is 100% efficiency along the paths with the paths traversing any link only once to the corresponding destination node from the source node, and the path being a shortest path between the source node and the destination node, where each switch has a Dijkstra computation complexity of O(N) in regard to forming the shortest paths. A method for telecommunications includes the steps of creating paths with a plurality of switches along links of a network between a source node and a plurality of destination nodes where there is 100% efficiency along the paths.
A method and apparatus for determining a type of picture encoding of a decompressed video signal by detecting periodic changes of high frequency content of individual fields of the video signal.The determination may be used in particular to align picture types in successive video compression systems in a video compression concatenation chain.
Motion compensation means for a time recursive filter includes a block motion estimation module (12) having an input video signal (1) and a input delayed output signal (6) of the time recursive filter. The block motion estimation module outputs block motion vectors (13) to at least one block splitting stage (14, 16, 18) which together with the input video signal (1) and the delayed output signal (6) of the time recursive filter is arranged to produce at least sub-block motion vectors (15, 17, 19) for input into image reconstruction means (9) to produce a motion-compensated image (11).
A method and apparatus for estimating a previously encoding resolution to provide an estimated resolution; and using the estimated resolution to down-sample the compressed video signal to the estimated previously encoded resolution for processing the video signal.
A method and apparatus for reducing blocking artefacts in a decompressed image signal includes inputting the decompressed video signal and detecting locations of block and image content edges therein. Image content and block edges are discriminated between to remove or conceal the image content edges and the remaining block edges transformed to produce an error correcting signal to smooth the block edges at the detected locations in a delayed version of the decompressed video signal.
A test and/or maintenance device for hollow waveguides comprises a source (1, 2, 3, 6) of pressurized dry gas, a first connector (29) for connecting the source to a hollow waveguide (17), a pressure gauge (14) connected to a gas duct (4, 18) extending between the source (2) and the first connector (29) and a first switching valve (8) which in a first position establishes communication between the source and the connector (29) and in a second position establishes communication between a first port (27) of the pressure gauge (14) and the connector (29) and seals the connector (29) from the source (2).
A method and apparatus for combating fraudulent use of a telecommunication system by subscribers who terminate calls improperly without allowing the termination of the call to be recorded, and thereby attempt to avoid correct payment for the call. The apparatus comprises a record means for creating a call detail record (CDR) of certain events for each call on which billing for each call can be based. A modified Call Agent (22) is provided for monitoring certain events related to all calls. The Call Agent (22) is also operable to check periodically whether a call is active or has been terminated improperly without the termination event having been recorded in the respective CDR for that call. A counter means (42) is provided that is operable, in the event of the Call Agent (22) detecting that a call has been terminated improperly by a selected subscriber, to start a count, that upon reaching a predetermined value, is used to shorten the time interval between subsequent periodic checks made by the Call Agent (22) in respect of subsequent calls involving the same selected subscriber.
An apparatus and a method are described in which a flow of packets is distributed in several separate flows over several links (12) forming a logically aggregated link (11). The flow outgoing from each physical link is sent to its own policer (18) which applies to said flow a traffic policing algorithm with the policers being interconnected to exchange algorithm control parameter modification information to fit them in among the various policers while allowing for the control parameters of the others so that a distributed policer (15) is realized.
A method and a transport scheme for packets of traffic over a logical link made up of the aggregation of several physical links (16) connecting a transmitting side to a receiving side in which flows of incoming packets are sent to a scheduler/shaper (12) which selects therefrom packets for creating a global flow of packets falling within the bandwidth offered by the logical link on the basis of the bandwidth capability offered by the logical link. A distributor (13) distributes the global flow over the plurality of physical links (16) making up the logical link, oversees the physical links and sends to the scheduler/shaper signalling of a bandwidth decrease caused by failures of one or more physical links. The scheduler/shaper (12) is arranged to allow automatically for the logical link bandwidth variations while selecting the packets from the various incoming queues depending on the associated service class so as to cause the global flow to fall within the aggregated logical link bandwidth. This involves more queuing of packets and their possible drop according to the queue management criteria implemented, in the queues associated with the lowest service class.
An apparatus (100), network and a method for switching-in and switching-off telecommunications or data services in a telecommunications or data network to a plurality of subscribers (102, 120, 122), the apparatus (100) comprising a first distribution matrix (104) connected to a crossover matrix (108) and a second distribution matrix (106) connected to said crossover matrix (108), wherein the crossover matrix (108) is adapted to be connected to a main cable (110) and to a distribution cable (112) and crossover switching elements for switching of connections within said crossover matrix (108) and distribution switching elements for switching of connections within said distribution matrices (104, 106) are controlled from a remote location, wherein the first distribution matrix (104) and the second distribution matrix (106) are adapted to be connected to a node for providing plurality of telecommunications or data services (114).
H04Q 3/60 - Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
A device (500) for switching-in and switching-off telecommunications or data services in a telecommunications or data network to a plurality of subscribers the device comprising a plurality of apparatuses (100, 504, 506, 508), wherein each of which comprises a first distribution matrix (104) connected to a crossover matrix (108) and a second distribution matrix (106) connected to said crossover matrix (108), wherein the crossover matrix (108) is adapted to be connected to a main cable (110) and to a distribution cable (112) and crossover switching elements for switching of connections within said crossover matrix (108) and distribution switching elements for switching of connections within said distribution matrices (104, 106) are controlled from a remote location, wherein the first distribution matrix (104) and the second distribution matrix (106) are adapted to be connected to a node for providing plurality of telecommunications or data services (114) and wherein the first distribution matrix (104) from a first apparatus (100) is connected (512) to at least one second distribution matrix of the plurality of apparatuses (100, 504, 506, 508).
H04Q 3/60 - Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
A device (1200) for concentration of unused subscriber lines in a telecommunications or data network comprising a first distribution matrix (104) connected to a crossover matrix (108) and a second distribution matrix (106) connected to said crossover matrix (108), wherein the crossover matrix (108) is adapted to be connected to a distribution cable (1212, 1214) and crossover switching elements for switching of connections within said crossover matrix (108) and distribution switching elements for switching of connections within said distribution matrices (104, 106) are controlled from a remote location, wherein the first distribution matrix (104) and the second distribution matrix (106) are adapted to be connected to a main cable and/or to a node for providing a plurality of telecommunications or data services (1208, 1210).
H04Q 3/60 - Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
A junction for connecting two waveguides (101, 103) having substantially a 90-degree angular offset between longitudinal symmetry axes of their cross-sections, said junction comprising a first interface (102) and a second interface (104) for connecting said waveguides (101, 103), and further comprising at least a first transformer section (202) and a second transformer section (206), both having cross- sections of substantially rectangular shape, and both having said 90-degree angular offset between longitudinal symmetry axes of their cross-sections, wherein the first and the second transformer sections (202 and 206) are connected in a way that a T- shape connection is formed and the first transformer section (202) has a first protruded ridge (204) on its broad wall (210) and the second transformer section (206) has a second protruded ridge (208) on its broad wall (212), wherein the broad wall (212) with the second ridge (208) is connected to the top narrow wall of the first transformer section (202) and the ridges (204 and 208) are so located that they overlap.
A cladding (2) for a microwave antenna comprises at least one plate (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) which has, in a first section plane (x=0; y=0), a cross section in the shape of a logarithmic spiral, characterized in that the plate (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) has a cross section in the shape of a logarithmic spiral also in at least one second section plane perpendicular to the first one.
In a bandstop filter having an input port (2; 3), an output port (3; 2) and a waveguide (1, 1') connecting the two ports, at least one resonator body (4, 5; 4' 5') is located in the waveguide (1, 1'), which resonator body has resonance frequency above the limit frequency of the waveguide (1; 1').
A method for adapting the rates of a certain number of asynchronous HDLC channels (15) to a single clock domain suited for interfacing with an HDLC processor (13) through a synchronous pseudo-TDM interface (14) in which the HDLC channels are multiplexed in time and vice versa in the opposite direction. In one direction the algorithm is based on the writing of the HDLC channels in a dedicated buffer (17) and in reading these buffers with a common synchronous clock just above the expected maximum HDLC rate. The under-run condition is avoided by inserting neutral information between the end byte and the start byte of the HDLC packets when this is suggested by the buffer fill monitoring function. A simple function to locate the first and last bytes of each HDLC packet read by the buffer is hence used in combination with the buffer fill monitoring function. The algorithm is also suited in the opposite direction in which different asynchronous physical lines receive their HDLC channels from a synchronous TDM-type interface on condition that this interface clock domain be just below the minimum expected HDLC output rate. In this case also the under-run conditions are avoided by insertion of neutral data after having used the same algorithm described above. Adaptation devices and a telecommunications card using them are also proposed.
An optical logic gate (10) comprising inputs (12) for optical signals on which to perform a chosen logical operation. An SOA (11) element receives such input signals to be piloted thereby in saturation and its output is connected to at least one optical filter (14, 15, 16) that filters components of signals output from the SOA and which represent a desired logical result of the signals input at the gate so that at the output (13) of the filter there is an optical signal as the result of the desired logical operation. A probe signal (17) can also be provided. An appropriate combination of power of the input, power and probe signal wavelength and central wavelength of the filter allows obtaining a plurality of logic functions such as NOR, NOT, inverted XOR, AND, OR.
A receiver scheme (10) for optical signals in Return- to- zero (RZ) systems comprises a conventional receiver (11) at the input of which is placed an all-optical decision element (12) realized with nonlinear optical elements. This allows obtaining a substantial increase in performance compared with a simple conventional receiver optimised for NRZ signals. In particular, an optical decision is made up advantageously of two non-linear optical loop mirrors (NOLMs) (15, 16) arranged in cascade with an optical amplifier (14) at the input and a pass-band filter (18) at the output. The loops lengths may be different, as may be the splitting ratios of the couplers of the NOLMs.
Network interconnection apparatus (10) comprising a platform with interface ports (12, 14) for network interconnection and comprising in turn a first series (11) and a second series (13) of interface port cards and an interconnection unit (15) for commanded interconnection at least between the cards of the first and second series and between cards of the first series. The cards (11) of the first series have their own associated MAC address tables (16) for addressing traffic between ports through the interconnection unit. Each entry of the table has an age field defining in time the age of the entry. The content of the age field is periodically verified and if it reaches a preset maximum figure the entry is updated on the basis of the content of the age field by a corresponding entry in the table of another card of the first series and associated therewith by the information in the entry to be updated. If the content of the age field of the corresponding entry is also a maximum figure, both the entries can be deleted.
An optical amplifier with optical gain-control (OGC) has an input (11) for the signals to be amplified and an output (12) for the amplified signals. It comprises in series a first Bragg grating (BG) (15), a variable optical attenuator (VOA) (17), an optical amplification unit with pump (13) and a second Bragg grating (BG) (14). The two gratings define between them a laser cavity with the amplification unit (13) in the middle and the signals to be amplified are placed at the input of the amplification unit (13) with a splitter (16) at the input of the amplification unit. A network with nodes comprising said amplifiers is also described.
A Raman amplifier structure (121, 221) for optically amplifying an input optical signal comprises an optical means (22) through which the optical signal is propagated, a first pump optical source (10) for generating a first pump radiation and at least one second pump optical source (24, 27) for generating a second pump radiation. The first and second pump optical radiations are combined and propagated in optical transmission means (22) for supplying an optical amplification of the signal through the Raman effect. The first pump optical source (10) comprises a first laser source (12) for generating a radiation with relatively low noise and relatively low power and a Raman amplifier (13) for amplifying the radiation coming from the first laser source for generating the first pump radiation. The Raman amplifier (13) comprises a second laser source (14) for generating an optical radiation having relatively higher power and noise than the first laser source and the radiation coming from the second laser source is used for counter-pumping the radiation coming from the first laser source (12) for generating the first pump radiation. This limits the amount of noise transferred from the second source (14) to the first pump radiation.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H04B 10/291 - Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
A method and apparatus for restoration of operating conditions of a WDM optical ring network comprising a plurality of amplifiers linked together in a ring after a break or fault has occurred in the network. The method comprises in response to repair of the break or other fault, increasing output power or /and pump power of an amplifier in the network such that the output power or/and pump power increases substantially in accordance with a ramp function.
The present invention relates to wireless communication systems wherein cooperative relaying is used to enhance performance. According to the method and arrangement of the invention artificial frequency selectivity and spatial diversity is provided by introducing distributed delay diversity among relay stations. Distributed delay diversity is achieved by that the relaying nodes in their forwarding between the access point and the user equipment applies dissimilar cyclic shifts to their respective forwarded OFDM symbols.
An optical test termination device (100) for use in optical network comprising a passive optical element (102) and a first optical coupler (104) and a second optical coupler (106) for coupling the optical test termination device (100) to an optical fiber (108, 110, 202). The passive optical element (102) comprises an input for receiving a test signal from the network and an output for outputting a response signal towards the network, wherein in response to the test signal the passive optical element (102) is operable to output the response signal, wherein said response signal differs from said test signal.
A package (200) for storing and providing supply of beamlead semiconductor devices (202, 204, 206) in a pick-and-place manufacturing process of Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASICs, wherein the beamlead semiconductor devices (202, 204, 206) are picked directly from said package (200). The package (200) comprises a container part (302) and a lid part (304), said container part (302) comprising plurality of regularly displaced, substantially flat-bottom recesses and said lid part (304) being detachably attached to said container part (302). At least a top surface of said container part (302) is made of electric conductive material and said top surface (400) of said container part (302) is covered with a non-reflective coating and the lid part (304) is transparent in at least these areas, which are located above the recesses.
H01L 21/673 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components using specially adapted carriers
F15C 5/00 - Manufacture of fluid-circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements
H01L 23/043 - Containers; Seals characterised by the shape the container being a hollow construction and having a conductive base as a mounting as well as a lead for the semiconductor body
An Asynchronous Transfer Mode network (100) comprising at least one ATM node (102 - 106) and at least one network element (108) is disclosed. The network element is adapted to carry out signalling and routing in accordance with Private Network - Network Interface, PNNI, protocol for at least a portion of said ATM nodes. Said network element (108) is further adapted to allocate a separate time period for every one of said ATM nodes (102 - 106) connected to said network element (108) and to carry out said signalling and routing for every one of said connected ATM nodes (102 - 106) during said allocated time periods.
A method of piloting an optical polarization controller including a cascade of variable polarization transformers that can be driven individually to realize overall a polarization transformation between an input optical signal and an output optical signal with each transformer having predetermined maximum and minimum end driving limits. For each transformer the method includes cyclically the steps of finding an error signal output to the controller and driving a first transformer polarization variation by a predetermined amount CS in one of the two directions to check whether with this variation the error signal is reduced and, if not, driving in the opposite direction. The decision of which of the two directions to drive first is made each time and is not fixed. Equipment in accordance with the method is also described.
G02B 6/27 - Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
G02B 27/28 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups , for polarising
H04B 10/2569 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to polarisation mode dispersion [PMD]
A protection system for an ATM network (30) having a primary node (11,21) and a secondary node (12,13,14, 22) interconnected through an ATM transport capable network (30) of any topology. For each ATM (VPC/VCC) connection between the primary (11,21) and the secondary node (12, 13,14,22) this interconnecting network (30) makes available two independent paths (16, 17) that form independent working and protection paths. The primary node (11,21) sends traffic cells over both working path (16 or 17) and protection path (17 or 16) and receives and merges the traffic cells from both the paths (16 and 17). The secondary node (12, 22) transmits and receives traffic cells either on the bi- directional working path (16 or 17) or on the bi-directional protection paths (17 or 16) and the continuity of the working and protection path is monitored through the creation of appropriate ATM test circuits, named Test Trails (19, 20), between the primary node (11,21) and the secondary node (12,13,14,22). If the secondary node (12,13,14,22) detects discontinuity of the Test Trail (19 or 20) for the path (16 or 17) in use to carry the local traffic cells, then the local traffic cells (15) at the secondary node (12, 13,14,22) are switched onto the appropriate protection path (17 or 16) while no switching function is performed on the primary node (11). The generation of ATM-AIS (forward alarm signal) is inhibited in the primary node (11,21) and in the interconnecting network (30), whereas the generation of ATM-RDI (return alarm signal) is inhibited in the secondary node (12,13,14,22).
A communications network and corresponding method comprising topology means for detecting the topology of the network means for detecting the timing status of each node and for providing to at least one node of the communications network information on the detected topology of the network and timing status and for selecting a source of timing information on the basis of the information detected.
A method of extracting a predetermined channel from an OTDM signal includes the steps of combining at the inlet of an SOA the OTDM signal and an impulsive signal with impulses temporally synchronized with the channel to be extracted to produce in the SOA FWM, XGM and XPM effects which shift to a length c the channel chosen for extraction with c outside the length d of the OTDM signal with the other channels outlet from the SOA and filtering the SOA outlet to extract components with c d that represent respectively the desired channel and the cleaned OTDM signal. A multiplexer in accordance with the method includes an inlet (14) of an OTDM signal sent to an SOA (24) together with an appropriate impulsive signal. The SOA outlet is filtered by filters (28, 29) to obtain the signal of the extracted channel (16) and the cleaned OTDM signal (15).
An apparatus and method for monitoring of optical signals 60 at a node (12, 14, 16) in a WDM telecommunications system 10 comprising the employment of photodiodes (54, 56, 58). Each of the photodiodes (54, 56, 58) has a short response time relative to a number of bit periods of the optical signal to permit measurement of the optical power thereof. Such a photodiode (54, 56, 58) can be used to monitor many nodes (12, 14, 16) within the system 10 and facilitates monitoring of optical signals in nodes which are far apart. The photodiode (54, 56, 58) also permits the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) of the optical signal 60 to be calculated by obtaining values for a maximum optical power P1 and a minimum optical power P0 for a particular optical signal 60.
H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
A method of protecting Engineering Order Wire in a network with a ring topology the network comprising a master node and at least one slave node. The method comprises the following steps: inserting (302) artificial breaks on the incoming and outgoing speech lines on one port of the master node. In the next step a first Ring Integrity Check code signal is periodically transmitted by said master node (402) in two opposite directions and if the first and a second Ring Integrity Check code signal are not received (306, 312) on either or both ports at a slave node, the slave node transmits (314) the second Ring Integrity Check code signal in two, opposite directions.
Routing method for paths in an optical network that includes nodes having limited conversion and/or regeneration capability and in which a routing algorithm based on considerations of cost of the links is employed and in which with the nodes is associated cost information that includes conversion and/or regeneration costs. Such conversion and/or regeneration cost information is considered in the routing algorithm together with the other cost information for calculation of the routings.
In order to recognize a distorting effect in a serial communication channel, a set of different sym- bol vectors formed of nᡶ=2 successive communication symbols and a set of reference values of a critical characteristic of the i-th communication symbol (1in) of the symbol vectors is defined, a plurality of sequences of n communication symbols trans- mitted on the channel is received, and for each of the symbol vectors the value of the characteristic of the i-th communication symbol is detected in all received sequences which correspond to the symbol vector. Then the set of detected values is compared to the set of reference values, and based on the comparison, the effect is judged to be present or not to be present. A recognition device comprises an input for the distorted communication signal, a means (1) con- nected to the input for detecting a feature in a symbol of the communication signal, a demultiplexer (5) having a data input connected to the detections means (1) and a number n of control inputs which have differently delayed symbols (i-1; i; i+1) of the communication signal applied to them for switching a detected value present at the input of the demultiplexer (5) to an output specified by the symbols present at the control inputs of the demultiplexer, and an evaluating unit (9, 11, 12) at each output of the demultiplexer (5).
The invention relates to a processor including a control unit 12, a program ROM 14 in communication with the control unit 12 for loading program instructions, and a stack memory 22 for storing data during execution of a program, wherein the stack memory 22 is adapted to handle data on a first in last out basis. Such a stack memory 22 can be used as a primary data storage mechanism in the processor 10 and can be used to replace the internal registers and conventional RAM of the prior processor.
The invention relates to telecommunications network (10), and in particular to a Passive Optical Network (PON), and a method for operation thereof. The telecommunications network (10, 60) is capable of handling increases in bandwidth per user over the predicted lifetime of the network infrastructure. The telecommunications network (10, 60) further utilises a greater proportion of the potential bandwidth carrying capacity of the network and minimises maintenance requirements. The network (10, 60) is readily adaptable to future bandwidth requirements because redundant optic fibres (18, 27) are provided for making more connections as required. The cost of laying redundant optic fibres (18, 27) is minimal when compared to the cost of laying additional optic fibres at a later date. Furthermore the cost of maintaining the network is kept to a minimum because of the use of PON technology and consequently the overall cost of installing and maintaining he network over a predicted lifetime of 20 years is reduced.
patents
