There is provided an apparatus including receiving, at a second node, a signal including contributions of at least one backscatter signal and at least one further signal, the at least one backscatter signal being transmitted by a respective at least one passive device in response to a first node transmitting a first signal to the at least one passive device; isolating the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal from the at least one further signal; and based on the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal, determining, by the second node, one or more parameters associated with the respective at least one passive device.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for configuring a user equipment to operate in carrier aggregation in a serving cell with a primary cell and one or more secondary cell are provided. For example, a method can include receiving, from a primary cell, a carrier aggregation configuration of a secondary cell with uplink. The configuration indicates that downlink is deactivated for the secondary cell. The carrier aggregation configuration is applicable to carrier aggregation of the primary cell and the secondary cell. The method also includes communicating with the secondary cell based on the configuration of the secondary cell.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for channel prediction. A terminal device obtains model configuration information. The model configuration information indicates a first prediction model for channel prediction. The terminal device receives overfitting configuration information from a network device. The overfitting configuration information indicates configuration on reference signals for overfitting by the first prediction model. The terminal device reports channel information predicted based on the first prediction model and the overfitting configuration information.
A method may include registering with a communication network, and transmitting user equipment activity information to a machine learning engine of the communication network. The method may further include receiving an assigned soft preamble from the machine learning engine based on the user equipment activity information. In addition, the method may include performing message 1 transmission using the assigned soft preamble based on a preamble load. Another method may include receiving user equipment activity information from a network element, and assigning a same soft preamble to a plurality of user equipment based on the user equipment activity information, and based on a map of a network describing preamble load on every preamble in a serving cell and neighboring cells. Additionally, updated user equipment activity information may be received, and the soft preamble may be dynamically updated. The updated soft preamble may then be assigned to the user equipment.
In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium related to attachment procedures for passive Internet of Things (IoT) device communication with ambient energy sources, wherein a reader node is caused to, receive an association response message from a radio access network (RAN) node, the association response message including attachment information corresponding to at least one associated energy-harvesting (EH) user equipment (UE) device and the reader node, and transmit an attachment acknowledgement message to the RAN node in response to the association response message.
Disclosed are example embodiments of methods, apparatuses and systems supporting beam diversity for multimedia broadcast multicast services. A method may comprise receiving information of one or more beams and abeam-specific repetition pattern for at least one of the one or more beams for transmission of a service from a network device, and receiving the service on the at least one of the one or more beams based on the beam-specific repetition pattern.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04W 72/232 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the physical layer, e.g. DCI signalling
7.
DETERMINATION OF SPATIAL AUDIO PARAMETER ENCODING AND ASSOCIATED DECODING
An apparatus comprising means for: obtaining values for parameters representing an audio signal, the values comprising at least one directional value and at least one energy ratio value for each sub-band of at least two sub-bands of a frame of the audio signal; determining a penalty value for each sub-band; and on a sub-band by sub-band basis: selecting a sub-band based on the penalty value; and encoding, for the selected sub-band, the at least one directional value for each sub-band; distributing any bits allocated for encoding the selected sub-band at least one directional value which are not used in the encoding of the at least one directional value to succeeding selections of sub-bands.
G10L 25/21 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being power information
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for beam failure detection and/or beam failure recovery procedures, for instance, for multi-panel user equipment (UEs) are provided. One method may include transmitting, by a UE, a beam report to a network to indicate an association between at least two downlink reference signals and at least two antenna panels at the user equipment or to indicate a selection of at least two downlink reference signals that will be used for downlink reception at the user equipment simultaneously. The method may also include activating the antenna panels corresponding to one or more of the at least two downlink reference signals, based on transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states updated by the network or based on the selection of the at least two downlink reference signals, and detecting beam failure based on at least two sets of beam failure detection resources for the active antenna panels.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
To enable spectrum shaping also when excess band is used, at least one set of spectral flatness requirements amongst two or more sets comprises at least at least a first parameter value for a first in-band range, at least a second parameter value for a second in-band range and at least a third parameter value for the excess band range, and a set to be used is selected at least based on information on the use of the excess band.
An apparatus including circuitry configured to: obtain at least one location and/or orientation associated with a user; obtain, based on the at least one location and/or orientation, one or more audio element, wherein the one or more audio element at least partially forms an audio scene; obtain, based on the at least one location and/or orientation, at least one auxiliary audio element, the at least one auxiliary audio element being at least one audio element or a combination of audio elements, wherein the at least one auxiliary audio element is associated with at least a part of the audio scene and is located at an outside zone of the audio scene; render the obtained audio element and/or at least one auxiliary audio element.
The present disclosure provides a method comprising monitoring, by an update service producer receives, for a request to update an artificial intelligence/machine learning capability influencing a network service, and instructing, by the update service producer, a first support function to update the artificial intelligence/machine learning capability to an update version when the request is received.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
An apparatus comprising: a first reception path comprising a first low noise amplifier; a first feedback path comprising a second low noise amplifier; first downstream receiver circuitry; a switching arrangement configured to, in a first state, couple the first reception path to the first downstream receiver circuitry and configured to, in a second state, couple the first feedback path to the first downstream receiver circuitry; and a controller configured to place the switching arrangement in the first state during a reception time slot and in the second state during a transmission time slot.
Examples of the disclosure relate to apparatus, methods and computer programs for audio signal enhancement using a dataset for a target use case. In examples of the disclosure an apparatus is configured to enable access to a trained computer program. The trained computer program is configured for processing one or more audio signals to enhance audibility of sounds within the one or more audio signals. The trained computer program is trained using a generic dataset. The apparatus is also configured to obtain a dataset. The dataset includes data samples with inputs and outputs for the computer program. The apparatus is configured to use the dataset to update the trained computer program.
G10L 21/0264 - Noise filtering characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques
G10L 25/60 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination for measuring the quality of voice signals
14.
TRIANGULAR INTER-USER EQUIPMENT COORDINATION FOR NEW RADIO SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS
Triangular inter-user equipment coordination for new radio sidelink communications is provided. An exemplary apparatus may include at least one processor, and at least one memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a first device, a request of inter-user equipment coordination. The apparatus may also be caused to determine at least one second device to which to forward the request. The apparatus may also be caused to modify the request and forward the modified request to the at least one second device for the second device to provide a response to the request to the first device. The request may be modified by an indication related to the forwarding to the at least one second device.
In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium related to attachment procedures for passive Internet of Things (IoT) device communication with ambient energy sources, wherein a radio access network (RAN) node is caused to, receive an association request message transmitted by an energy-harvesting (EH) user equipment (UE) device based on an energy level of the EH UE device, assign a reader node from a plurality of reader nodes to the EH UE device based on the association request message, transmit an association response message to the EH UE device and the assigned reader node, the association response message including attachment information associated with the EH UE device and the assigned reader node, and receive an attachment acknowledgement message from the assigned reader node in response to the association response message.
Techniques for enhancing subscription authorization in a communications network are provided. For example, a method in a source network function service producer or an apparatus for a source network function service provider is disclosed. The method comprises: receiving a subscription request including access authorization information from a network function service consumer for a subscription to receive a notification upon occurrence of a specific event; verifying that the network function service consumer is authorized to create the subscription to the source network function service producer; storing subscription context and access authorization information granted for the subscription if the subscription request is authorized.
According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising determining, by a user equipment, that the user equipment is configured or activated with at least two Transmission Configuration Indication, TCI, states for one control resource set, with at least two linked search space sets and one TCI state for each of the linked search space sets or with at least two TCI states for Physical Downlink Shared Channel, PDSCH, reception, wherein the at least two TCI states comprise a first TCI state and a second TCI state, determining, by the user equipment, that a downlink reference signal indicated by the first TCI state is to be included to a first set of Beam Failure Detection, BFD, resources and a downlink reference signal indicated by the second TCI state is to be included to a second set of BFD resources and including, by the user equipment, the downlink reference signal indicated by the first TCI state to the first set of BFD resources and the downlink reference signal indicated by the second TCI state to the second set of BFD resources.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus and a method for device identification in wireless local area network. A first apparatus (50) comprising means (510) configured for: performing a first authentication procedure between the first apparatus (50) and a second apparatus (70) in a wireless local area network. A second apparatus (70) comprising means (710) configured for: performing a first authentication procedure between a first apparatus (50) and the second apparatus (70) in a wireless local area network. A first identification information of the first apparatus (50) is assigned during the first authentication procedure. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved manner for device identification in wireless local area network may be provided. An identification information of an apparatus may be assigned during an authentication procedure. Thus, in some scenarios, an unidentified apparatus may be further avoided.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamically enabling and disabling hybrid automatic repeat request feedback even for the same hybrid automatic repeat request process without changing downlink control information are provided. For example, a method can include determining a subframe index of a start of a transport block. The method can also include deciding provision of hybrid automatic repeat request feedback based on the determined subframe index.
Time domain resource allocation of demodulation reference signals is provided. An apparatus may include at least a processor and a memory storing instructions. The stored instructions and the processor may cause the apparatus to receive, from a network entity, information on slots and symbols of a transmission that may include a physical channel and a signal. The signal may include a reference signal or waveform, and the information on the slots and the symbols may include a type of slot and symbol for a unidirectional transmission and for a bidirectional transmission. The apparatus may be further caused to receive a first configuration and a second configuration of time domain resource allocation information of the signal and a waveform of the transmission to be scheduled. The apparatus may also be caused to determine time domain resource allocation of the signal and the waveform of the transmission to be scheduled.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to security countermeasure for distributed network slice admission control (NSAC). Specifically, a first device receives a first message for updating or reporting an admission number of user equipments (UEs) or packet data unit (PDU) sessions associated with a serving area corresponding to the second device from a second device, where the admission number is specific to a slice or single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI). Then the first device determines a first number of UEs or PDU sessions specific to the slice or the S-NSSAI counted by at least one third device, such that the admission number is verified with the first number, and performs an admission control procedure based at least in part on the first number.
An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive a message with a physical downlink shared channel; determine a physical uplink control channel resource used for transmission of a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, based on the message received with the physical downlink shared channel; wherein the physical uplink control channel resource is used for repetition of transmissions; and transmit the hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgment, using the determined physical uplink control channel resource for repetition.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable media for distributed central unit control plane (CU-CP) resiliency with optimized resource allocation in a split radio access network (RAN) architecture. A first CU-CP node in a radio access network may be configured to send a capacity poll request to one or more second CU-CP nodes in the radio access network configured as standby CU-CP nodes for the first CU-CP node, receive from the one or more second CU-CP nodes a capacity poll response comprising capacity information of the one or more second CU- CP nodes, and allocate at least one distributed unit associated with the first CU- CP node to one of the one or more second CU-CP nodes at least based on the capacity information of the one or more second CU-CP nodes.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission indication. A terminal device obtains configuration information associated with a resource of a sidelink (SL) PRS transmission indication indicating if an SL PRS is to be transmitted in an SL PRS resource corresponding to the SL PRS transmission indication. Moreover, the terminal device detects the SL PRS transmission indication in the resource of the SL PRS transmission indication based on the configuration information. As a result, resource utilization can be improved.
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
25.
METHOD OF USER EQUIPMENT TRIGGERING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM MEASUREMENT
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for UE triggering global navigation satellite system measurements. One method may include estimating at least one of a downlink time error or downlink frequency error by measuring at least one downlink receiving signal; determining that at least one of the downlink time error or downlink frequency error is larger than a threshold; and transmitting, to a network entity, an indication of global navigation satellite system related information.
An apparatus comprising means for: receiving secondary radio link failure information, wherein the secondary radio link failure information is indicative of circumstances of a failure in a secondary radio link between a user equipment and at least one source secondary node while the user equipment was configured to conditionally access a target secondary node, and the user equipment is having dual connectivity with a source master node and a source secondary node; determining based, at least in part, on the received secondary radio link failure information at least one target primary cell of a secondary cell group, of the target secondary node, wherein the determined at least one target primary cell of a secondary cell group is to be included in information indicating at least one suggested target primary cell of a secondary cell group to be prepared by the target secondary node for conditional access by a user equipment; and transmitting information indicative of the determined at least one target primary cell of a secondary cell group, of the target secondary node.
An example method includes: receiving, with an encoder for a frame of an input volumetric video mesh: a simplified base mesh with texture coordinates, a set of pre-computed displacements for a chosen subdivision method, and a texture frame; generating a static base mesh encoding that outputs a base mesh substream including encoded and quantized texture coordinates, and that generates an encoded static base mesh; decoding the encoded static base mesh, and generating a reconstructed dequantized base mesh and reconstructed texture coordinates; adapting the pre-computed displacements to the reconstructed dequantized base mesh with applying subdivision to the reconstructed dequantized base mesh; computing a remapping of the reconstructed texture coordinates to a regular grid based on a remapping technique to generate a displacement packing image; signaling metadata describing the remapping technique; and signaling a presence of collided vertices in the displacement packing image along the bitstream.
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
H04N 19/70 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
28.
AN APPARATUS, A METHOD AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VOLUMETRIC VIDEO
A method comprising: obtaining a binary image comprising a grid of binary data blocks (400); encoding pixels of said binary image with a continuous value range, wherein said continuous value range is determined by a predefined rate distortion cost function (402); determining a threshold for decoded pixel values of said continuous value range of the binary image, wherein the decoded pixel values equal to or greater than the threshold are reconstructed to a first binary state, and the decoded pixel values less than the threshold are reconstructed to a second binary state (404); adjusting said rate distortion cost function such that all decoded pixel values of said continuous value range are reconstructed to the same binary states as in the obtained binary image (406); and signalling said threshold to a receiver in or along a bitstream comprising said binary image and/or an associated 2D image data representation (408).
H04N 1/413 - Systems or arrangements allowing the picture to be reproduced without loss or modification of picture-information
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
H04N 19/147 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
H04N 19/192 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
H04N 13/161 - Encoding, multiplexing or demultiplexing different image signal components
A user equipment comprising means for: transmitting information indicating whether at least one measurement report for at least one target primary cell of a secondary cell group of a target secondary node, detectable by the user equipment at a time that a secondary radio link failure occurred at the user equipment while the user equipment was configured to conditionally access the target secondary node, had been transmitted by the user equipment since the user equipment was configured to conditionally access the target secondary node and prior to the secondary radio link failure occurring.
An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting Downlink Control Information to a user equipment, said Downlink Control Information having a control command for said user equipment together with an indication that additional information related to said control command is to be transmitted over a Downlink Shared Channel; and transmitting said additional information related to said control command over said Downlink Shared Channel.
According to example embodiment, an apparatus includes at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain a message instructing the apparatus to trigger or initiate a random access (RA) procedure to access a cell of a network device, the message indicating whether or not the apparatus is to monitor or receive a random access response (RAR) within a RA response window during the triggered random access procedure; and determine whether or not to monitor or receive the RAR within the RA response window based on the indication.
Various embodiments provide an apparatus, a method, and a computer program product. An example apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: store coded media data in a media track of a file; store information in the media track or in a second track associated with the media track; and indicate, in the file, the presence of the information in the media track or the second track with a sample group for the information, wherein the information comprises a neural network post filter (NNPF) supplemental enhancement information (SEI).
H04N 19/70 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
33.
OPTICAL NETWORK UNIT, OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL AND METHOD, DEVICE AND MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATION
An optical network unit is configured to send a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to an optical line terminal. The optical signals in the plurality of optical signals carry indicating information. The indicating information is used to indicate the wavelength serial number of the optical signal and the temperature information of the laser chip when the optical signal is generated. The optical unit is further configured to receive temperature adjustment information from the optical line terminal; and adjust, based on the temperature adjustment information, the emission wavelength of the laser by adjusting the temperature of the laser chip.
An apparatus include a first circuit board, which has a detection circuit. The first circuit board has a first plurality of cable plugs, wherein each of the cable plugs has an array of electrical contacts such that a same multiwire cable type is physically and electrically pluggable to the different cable plugs of the first plurality. The detection circuit is configured to obtain information indicative of whether, at least, one of the cable plugs is connected by a multiwire cable of the multiwire cable type to a matched cable plug of a second plurality of cable plugs on a second circuit board. The detection circuit is configured to obtain the information by sensing a pattern of direct current signals across a first subset of the electrical contacts of the one of the cable plugs of the first circuit board.
G01R 31/55 - Testing for incorrect line connections
35.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SEGMENTS FOR A DOWNSTREAM TRANSMISSION AND APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING SEGMENTS OF A DOWNSTREAM TRANSMISSION FOR A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
A method for transmitting a first segment of a first modulation format, a second segment of a second modulation format and a third segment of a third modulation format, wherein the second segment is transmitted between the first segment and the third segment, wherein the first modulation format includes a first set of constellation points, wherein the second modulation format includes a second set of constellation points, wherein the third modulation format includes a third set of constellation points, wherein the second set is included in an intersection of the first set and the third set, wherein the first set and the third set differ by at least one constellation point.
Disclosed are methods for precoding in a downlink multiple-input multiple-output system based on an array of subarray architecture. An example method may include: determining an analog precoding matrix for a plurality of radio frequency chains in the downlink multiple-input multiple-output system; determining a digital precoding matrix for the plurality of radio frequency chains based on the determined analog precoding matrix; and performing a hybrid precoding for a plurality of downlink data streams based on the determined digital precoding matrix and the determined analog precoding matrix. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
37.
POINT-TO-POINT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION VIA A FREE SPACE LINK
An apparatus comprises an optical data receiver to receive first and second data-modulated optical carriers in different wavelength bands via a free space optical link and to generate an output digital data stream from demodulated segments of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers. The optical data receiver is configured to make selections between temporally corresponding portions of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers for generating successive portions of the output digital data stream. The optical data receiver is configured to make one of the selections between two of the temporally corresponding portions of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers based on at least one value of a quality indicator obtained for at least one of two temporally corresponding portions.
There are provided measures for efficient cell baseband processing pooling. Such measures exemplarily comprise acquiring a predicted future computational load of baseband processing for each selected radio cell of a plurality of radio cells, and determining an allocation of each selected radio cell of said plurality of radio cells to anyone of a plurality of processing resource units based on said predicted future computational load of baseband processing for each selected radio cell of said plurality of radio cells and computation capabilities of each of said plurality of processing resource units.
H04W 72/21 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
H04W 72/51 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
H04W 72/566 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
39.
METHODS, APPARATUSES AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR IDENTIFYING AN ACCESS NETWORK NODE
There is provided a network apparatus configured to receive from a core network function a request to discover at least one access network node serving a user equipment, the request comprising a first user equipment identifier for identifying the user equipment in a core network; and use the user equipment identifier to provide to the core network function a second user equipment identifier identifying the user equipment in the access network, and at least one access network node identifier identifying at least one access network node in the access network that serves the user equipment.
This specification describes systems, apparatus and methods for deploying Tsetlin machine models on resource-constrained devices. According to a first aspect of this specification, there is described apparatus comprising: one or more sensors; at least one processor; and at least one memory with storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at to at least: collect one or more sets of sensor data using the one or more sensors; classify the one or more sets of sensor data using an encoded Tsetlin machine. The encoded Tsetlin machine comprises a compressed representation of a trained Tsetlin machine. The compressed representation is based on a number of exclude decisions of the trained Tsetlin machine being greater than a number of include decisions of the trained Tsetlin machine.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting precision timing protocol (PTP) based time sensitive network (TSN) applications are provided. One method includes configuring, by a network node, a user equipment connection and user contests for an industrial automation and control (IAC) system or configuring at least one time synchronized radio bearer for a user equipment. The method may also include determining synchronization configuration on the at least one time synchronized radio bearer for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system, and distributing the synchronization configuration periodically or on a need basis to one or more serving network nodes for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system.
G05B 19/4155 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
H04L 69/00 - Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
H04W 4/70 - Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
H04W 28/02 - Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
There is provided an apparatus, method and computer program for a network node comprising access to a pre-trained neural network node model, for causing the network node to: receive, from an apparatus, a request for a first plurality of embeddings associated with an intermediate layer of the neural network node model; and signal said first plurality of embeddings to the apparatus.
According to an example embodiment, a client device is configured to: obtain a signal sequence configuration defining a plurality of signal sequences, wherein each signal sequence in the plurality of signal sequences corresponds to an uplink transmission power level in a plurality of uplink transmission power levels; transmit the plurality of signal sequences according to the signal sequence configuration to a network node device; receive, from the network node device, an indication about an uplink transmission power level out of the plurality of uplink transmission power levels to be used for uplink transmission; and perform an uplink transmission using the indicated uplink transmission power level to the network node device.
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
44.
EFFICIENT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GEO-AWARE PAGING ANALYTICS
The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: receive (600), from an analytics consumer, a request to produce paging analytics for a network region of interest, wherein producing the paging analytics include creating a list of one or more geographical areas within the network region of interest where a group of user equipment experience a paging issue; produce (602) paging analytics for the network region of interest; and send (604), to the analytics consumer, results of the paging analytics.
Devices, methods and computer programs for adjusting a client device receiver parameter are disclosed. A client device (200) transmits to a network node device (210) a first capability indication indicating at least a low-resolution analog-to-digital converter capability of the client device (200), and a second capability indication indicating whether the client device (200) is capable of receiving signal information associated with low-resolution receiver processing. Based on these, the network node device (210) may determine that adjusting at least one receiver parameter of the client device (200) is needed, generate and transmit network assistance information and signal information to the client device (200) for use in adjusting at least one receiver parameter of the client device (200). The client device (200) may then perform power measurements of the received signal information and adjust receiver parameter(s) of the client device (200) accordingly.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for event-triggered EMR reporting. One method may include receiving, at a user equipment, from a network entity, a measurement configuration for early measurement reporting. The measurement configuration may include at least one early measurement reporting event associated with the user equipment re-accessing the network entity. The method may further include transmitting, to the network entity, an early measurement reporting result.
A user equipment comprising means for: receiving from a network node an indication to disable hybrid automatic request (HARQ) feedback for at least a downlink contention resolution message in a contention-based random-access procedure; and means for disabling, in dependence upon the received indication, hybrid automatic request (HARQ) feedback for at least a downlink contention resolution message in a contention-based random-access procedure.
A method comprises determining a discrepancy based on information relating to a first set of codewords and information relating to a second set of codewords, the first set of codewords being received from a user equipment and providing information about a channel between the user equipment and a base station, the user equipment using a first model, trained with a first set of training data, to generate the first set of codewords.
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for: receiving, from a client device, a location request for a target user equipment, wherein the request comprises an indication for supporting one or more intermediate responses, one or more trigger conditions for the one or more intermediate responses, and one or more location accuracy requirements; based on the received request, sending, to a second network device, a request to provide the location of the target user equipment, wherein the request comprises the one or more trigger conditions and the one or more location accuracy requirements; receiving, from the second network device, one or more responses comprising information identifying the location of the target user equipment; and sending, to the client device, one or more responses comprising information identifying the location of the target user equipment and an indication of whether the sent one or more responses comprise an intermediate response or a final response.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method of PDCCH mapping in SBFD slot. A network device determines validity of resources associated with a plurality of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates, and transmits, to a terminal device, a PDCCH transmission on at least one PDCCH candidate with valid resources among the plurality of PDCCH candidates. The terminal device determines validity of resources associated with a plurality of PDCCH candidates and performs blind detection of PDCCH on a set of PDCCH candidates with valid resources among the plurality of PDCCH candidates. The solution enables the PDCCH channel estimation/detection is with high efficiency without any waste.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for data rate adjustment. An example terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory.The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the terminal device at least to perform: increasing a data rate from a first value to a second value; and transmitting to a network device, an indication indicating the data rate is increased.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for setting up an indirect path as an additional path in cases where a relay user equipment may be in idle or inactive state, such as radio resource control idle/inactive are provided. For example, a method can include receiving, from a network element, a configuration of a relay user equipment container related to an addition to, or modification of, an indirect path between the apparatus and the network element. The method can also include indicating the relay user equipment container to a relay user equipment.
The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: receive (600), from a network function service consumer, a request to consume a service from a network function service producer including network function service consumer details; send (602), to a network function repository function, a request to discover a profile of a network function service producer including authorization attributes; receive (604), from the network function repository function, a profile of the network function service producer including the authorization attributes; and determine (606) whether the network function service consumer is allowed to consume the service from the network function service producer based on the authorization attributes and the network function service consumer details.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handover enhancements. In response to receiving a first message from a third device, for initiating a handover related to a first device and a second device, the first device performs a handover procedure to a target cell indicated in the first message. The first device acts as a UE-to-network relay for the second device to communicate with the third device. The first device then transmits, to the second device, at least one indication based on the handover procedure. In this way, the remote UE is capable of applying different operations based on respective indications associated with a handover result. As a result, the operation of the remote UE can be aligned with the operation of the relay UE in case of performing the handover, and the system performance and reliability can be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to PRS resource allocation for sidelink positioning. A first device receives a configuration indicating a first set of resources associated with PSFCH transmission. Resources in the first sets of resources occupy different frequency locations in different slots in a time period. The first device determines, at least based on the first set of resources, a second set of resources frequency-division-multiplexed with the first set of resources. Resources in the second set of resources in the different slots in the time period jointly occupy a bandwidth of a sidelink resource pool. The sidelink resource pool comprises the first set of resources and the second set of resources. The first device transmits or receives a PRS via a sidelink connection using the second set of resources. In this way, a large bandwidth for PRS transmission is ensured, and sidelink positioning performance is enhanced.
An apparatus including at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a virtual boundary that separates a picture, or a portion of the picture, into a first area and a second area; and determine to perform filtering of at least one pixel of the first area and not perform filtering of pixels of the second area; and filter the at least one pixel of the first area with coding information of the second area.
H04N 19/82 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
H04N 19/70 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
H04N 19/86 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for sending a request message to one or more network nodes. The request message comprises a request for channel information related to one or more communication links of one or more second user devices. The apparatus comprises means for, based on the channel information, determining a first signalling configuration related to a positioning link of a first user device. The apparatus comprises means for sending the first signalling configuration to the first user device.
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining first information indicating a first time difference between a transmission of a wake-up signal from a first network node and a reception of a reference signal at the first network node; obtaining second information indicating a second time difference between a reception of the wake-up signal at a user device and a transmission of the reference signal from the user device; and estimating a position of the user device based at least partly on the first information and the second information.
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
There is provided an apparatus comprising: means for retrieving a configuration for a time window to perform network measurements in; means for associating the time window with a first receive element of a user equipment; and means for, during the time window, performing a network measurement using the associated first receive element and receiving downlink data using a second receive element of the user equipment.
A method comprising: receiving an image block unit of a frame, the image block unit comprising samples in color channels, wherein the color channels comprise at least one chrominance channel and one luminance channel (1200); reconstructing samples of said luminance channels of the image block unit (1202); determining a reference area for predicting target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit, wherein said reference area comprises one or more of reference samples in a neighboring block in a current color channel/frame, in the neighboring of a co-located block in a reference color channel/frame; and/or inside the co-located block in the reference color channel/frame (1204); determining gradient value(s) and/or location value(s) of the spatial samples in said reference area to be used in a cross-component prediction model (1206); and predicting said target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit using the cross-component prediction model based on at least said gradient value(s) and/or said location value(s) of the spatial samples in said reference area (1208).
H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/11 - Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
H04N 19/85 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
H04N 19/167 - Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/147 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
A method, comprising: generating a bitstream configured to define a six-degrees of freedom rendering, the bitstream comprising: a six degrees of freedom audio scene; and information configured to define at least one rendering mode, the information comprising: an identifier configured to identify the at least one rendering mode; and at least one rendering modification associated with the at least one rendering mode to be applied by a renderer when rendering the six degrees of freedom audio scene when the at least one rendering mode is selected at the renderer.
Disclosed is a method comprising determining available resources in a resource pool based at least partly on channel sensing or channel occupancy information; creating, based on the available resources, a set of candidate resources comprising one or more first resources suitable for a first transmission from a first device to a second device, and one or more second resources suitable for a second transmission from the second device to the first device or to a third device; selecting a subset of resources from the set of candidate resources, wherein the subset of resources comprises at least one first resource for the first transmission and at least one second resource for the second transmission; and transmitting the first transmission to the second device in the at least one first resource, wherein the first transmission indicates the at least one second resource for the second transmission from the second device.
A method may include monitoring, by a source user equipment communicating with a destination user equipment by an indirect communication path via a relay user equipment, sidelink control information from the relay user equipment. The method may also include determining a first set of conditions and a second set of conditions based on the sidelink control information received from the relay user equipment. The method may further include transmitting, when the first set of conditions is met, at least one of a first sidelink message to the destination user equipment according to a first pattern, or a second sidelink message to the relay user equipment according to a second pattern. In addition, the method may include monitoring a sidelink feedback from the destination user equipment to the relay user equipment when the second set of conditions is met according to a third pattern.
An apparatus performs identifying or detecting that simultaneous transmissions of at least two uplink channels from the apparatus are to be overlapped at least in part. The apparatus also performs managing the simultaneous transmissions of the at least two uplink channels based on the identification or detection. For two UL channels, these could be PUCCH, PUSCH, or PUCCH and PUCCH. The simultaneous transmissions could be from a UE to two (or more) TRPs. The applications of this include using a unified TCI framework.
H04B 7/0404 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
65.
SLICE GROUP -SPECIFIC CONNECTED RACH CONFIGURATION
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for performing the following. The apparatus receives, from a first radio access network node, a network slice to network slice access stratum group mapping of a second cell being a target cell of a handover. The second cell is provided by a second radio access network node. The apparatus determines a network slice access stratum group for accessing the second cell based on the network slice to network slice access stratum group mapping of the second cell. The apparatus selects a random access channel resource for accessing the second cell based on the network slice access stratum group and accesses the second cell using the random access channel resource.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for providing scheduling flexibility between transmission configuration indicator states for data reception and RRM measurements for multi-Rx chain UE. One method may include transmitting, to a network entity, a measurement timing configuration; and receiving a sharing factor associated with the measurement timing configuration. The sharing factor indicates a sharing pattern associated with a first spatial receive element performing radio resource management measurements, and a second spatial receive element configured to receive data without scheduling restrictions.
An apparatus comprising means for: receiving secondary radio link failure information, wherein the secondary radio link failure information is indicative of circumstances of a failure in a secondary radio link between a user equipment and at least one source secondary node while the user equipment was configured to conditionally access at least one target secondary node, and the user equipment is having dual connectivity with a source master node and a source secondary node; determining a plurality of suggested target primary cells of a secondary cell group to be prepared by the at least one target secondary node for conditional access by a user equipment; determining, based at least in part on the received secondary radio link failure information, assistance information, wherein the assistance information assists the at least one target secondary node in determining which at least one of the plurality of suggested target primary cells of a secondary cell group is to be prepared by the at least one target secondary node for conditional access by a user equipment; and transmitting, directly or indirectly, information indicative of the plurality of suggested target primary cells of a secondary cell group and the determined assistance information to the at least one target secondary node.
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for performing the following. The apparatus maintains, in at least one memory, information on a reference incidence direction and reference configuration information defining a plurality of configurations of a plurality of tunable load impedance circuits of a tunable reflective array of a reconfigurable intelligent surface or a subpanel thereof for the reference incidence direction. The apparatus measures an incidence direction from which electromagnetic waves are received by the reconfigurable intelligent surface. The apparatus calculates, based on the reference incidence direction, the measured incidence direction and the reference configuration information, corrected configuration information defining a plurality of corrected configurations for the measured incidence direction. Finally, the apparatus configures the plurality of tunable load impedance circuits according to a corrected configuration.
H04B 7/04 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
Various example embodiments for supporting processor capabilities are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting processor capabilities may be configured to support increased efficiency in utilization of a micro-operations cache (UC) of a processor. Various example embodiments for supporting increased efficiency in utilization of a UC of a processor may be configured to support increased efficiency in utilization of the UC of the processor based on configuration of the processor such that UC lines created by a prediction window (PW) during execution of a set of instructions by the processor are not invalidated on misprediction of a branch instruction in the set of instructions.
Example embodiments may relate to an apparatus, method and/or computer program for managing timing advance loops. The method may comprise receiving, at a user equipment from a plurality of network nodes, respective downlink reference signals, wherein an antenna system of the user equipment receives the downlink reference signals using a wide beam configuration. The method may also comprise performing measurements on the received downlink reference signals to determine a parameter and for determining that the parameter does not meet a predetermined criteria. Based on the parameter not meeting the predetermined criteria, the method may comprise configuring the antenna system such that at least one of the downlink reference signals is received using a narrow beam configuration. The method may involve re-performing the measurements on downlink reference signals from the plurality of network nodes. Based on the parameter meeting the predetermined criteria, it may be determined that transmission of candidate uplink signals, from the user equipment to the at least one of the plurality of network nodes, can be grouped into one timing advance loop.
The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: obtain user equipment information indicating whether a user equipment served by the apparatus would need repetitions of a reference signal transmitted by a target base station to successfully select a receiving beam aligned with a transmitting beam in a beam management procedure with the target base station; and send, to the target base station, the user equipment information.
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
H04L 1/18 - Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for for, at a user equipment configured to transmit precoded signals using receive beamformers as transmit precoders over at least one of a plurality of transmission occasions and multiple antenna subsets, receiving configuration parameters, from a network node, for at least one of the precoded signals and the transmit precoders, determining power scaling values based on the configuration parameters, performing power scaling of the transmit precoders using the determined power scaling values, providing an indication to the network node of the determined power scaling values and performing transmission of precoded signals using the transmit precoders scaled by the determined power scaling values.
H04W 52/42 - TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Example embodiments may relate to controlling re-training of a machine learning (ML) model deployed at a device. A method may comprise: performing, by a device associated with a communication network, a task with a ML model to obtain an output, wherein the output is configured to be used for performance of a network operation of the communication network; receiving, from an access node of the communication network, feedback data indicative of a cause of a failure of the network operation; and determining, based on the feedback data, to perform at least one of the following: re-training the machine learning model for performing the task, updating at least one parameter of a non-machine learning algorithm associated with performance of the task with the machine learning model, refraining from re-training the machine learning model, or refraining from updating the at least one parameter of the non-machine learning algorithm.
Examples of the disclosure relate to position determination using one or more reflectors. In examples of the disclosure an apparatus can be configured to transmit information relating to one or more reflectors within a scattering environment to a network apparatus. The information relating to the one or more reflectors can be used by the network apparatus to enable signals reflected from the one or more reflectors to be used for a position determination.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, such as a user equipment, configured at least to process a measurement instruction received in the apparatus from a cellular communication system, based on the measurement instruction, measure a received signal strength of a signal from each cell of a first cell set and each cell of a second cell set, the first cell set and the second cell set comprising cells of the cellular communication system, and determine a first signal strength value for the first cell set and a second signal strength value for the second cell set, and report to the cellular communication system a value obtained from the first signal strength value and the second signal strength value.
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
76.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONS
A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: receiving a first transmission from an antenna, the first transmission comprising a first carrier including a first signal and a second carrier including a second signal, wherein the first and second carriers are separated in frequency within a first operational band; splitting the first transmission into a first channel and a second channel; downconverting the first channel to centre the first carrier at a baseband frequency to extract the first signal; downconverting the second channel to centre the second carrier at the baseband frequency to extract the second signal; and providing the first signal to a first processor and the second signal to a second processor; wherein the first and second processors are associated with first and second subscriber identity modules respectively.
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising storing, by an apparatus, one or more key information elements, wherein each key information element comprises a stored key identifier and a stored key or a certificate, receiving by the apparatus, from a requesting network function, a request message comprising a first field and a second field, wherein the first field comprises an instance identity of the requesting network function and the second field comprises the instance identity of the requesting network function, and the first field is unprotected and the second field is protected with the key or the certificate, determining by the apparatus the key or the certificate used for protecting the second field, validating by the apparatus the second field using the key or the certificate, validating by the apparatus the request message when the instance identity of the requesting network function in the first field matches with the instance identity of the requesting network function in the validated second field and transmitting by the apparatus, after a successful validation of the second field and the request message, a response to the requesting network function.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
78.
METHOD OF PROVIDING ACCESS FOR REDUCED CAPABILITY DEVICES, USER EQUIPMENT, AND BASE STATION THEREOF
The method at the user equipment (UE) includes first receiving authorization information, the authorization information including configuration data for reduced capability (REDCAP) devices in the communication network, second receiving system information from at least one first base station serving a first cell, the system information including information specific to a device category associated with the UE, determining access information for the first cell, based at least in part on the system information and the authorization information, and accessing the first cell, or identifying a second cell. The user equipment and the base station are configured to perform the method, thereof.
An apparatus comprising: means for measuring a downlink reference signal received from an access node (500); means for selecting an antenna panel of the user equipment receiving the best quality downlink reference signal from a primary angular direction to be used for a connection to the access node (502); means for detecting a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) event (504); means for measuring, under MPE power restrictions, the best downlink reference signal received from the access node (506); means for determining that under the MPE power restrictions the best quality downlink reference signal is received at least from a different secondary angular direction than the primary angular direction of the best quality downlink reference signal (508); means for measuring a propagation delay difference between the best quality downlink reference signal received from the primary angular direction and the best quality downlink reference signal received from the secondary angular direction (510); and means for sending, upon detecting that the propagation delay difference exceeding a predetermined threshold, an indication to the access node (514).
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS) resource configuration may be provided. UL SRS resource configuration and related transmission procedures for intra-slot and inter-slot time bundling of one or more resources may be provided. In this regard, transmission bandwidth and/or repetition factors may be adapted for SRS occasions. The adaptation may be performed across an SRS bandwidth, and on an intra-slot or inter-slot basis.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to indication of cell status. A first device includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to: determine a cell status of a deactivated cell, the cell status being a known status or an unknown status; and indicate the cell status to a second device.
A method may include monitoring, by a source user equipment communicating with a destination user equipment by an indirect communication path via a relay user equipment, sidelink control information from the relay user equipment. The method may also include determining a first set of conditions and a second set of conditions based on the sidelink control information received from the relay user equipment. The method may further include transmitting, when the first set of conditions is met, at least one of a first sidelink message to the destination user equipment according to a first pattern, or a second sidelink message to the relay user equipment according to a second pattern. In addition, the method may include monitoring a sidelink feedback from the destination user equipment to the relay user equipment when the second set of conditions is met according to a third pattern.
H04W 40/08 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on transmission power
H04W 40/12 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handling of RTD of intra-band carriers. A first device receives, from a second device, an indication indicating that information of a RTD relevant to a first cell and a serving cell is to be reported, the first cell being non-co-located with the serving cell in a frequency band. The first device transmits the information of the RTD to the second device. In this way, information of RTD of a non-co-located cell may be indicated to a network for optimization of network scheduling and system performance.
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for determining, at a first device, position information associated with an object of interest and providing, from the first device, a discovery message for device to device communication, wherein the discovery message comprises the position information.
Method comprising: converting each log of a sequence of N logs into an identifier among K different identifiers to obtain a sequence of N identifiers; for each n between 0 and N: for each of the K identifiers: counting occurrences of the identifier among the first n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a front frequency of the identifier for the respective n; and for each of the K identifiers: counting occurrences of the identifier among the last N-n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a rear frequency of the identifier for the respective n; arranging the front frequencies and the rear frequencies of the identifiers in a count vector; inputting the count vector an autoencoder to obtain an output vector for the respective n; determining a difference between the output vector and the count vector; marking the sequence as anomalous if the difference between the output vector and the count vector is larger than a threshold; wherein each of the identifiers is an integer.
METHOD AND APPARATUS RELATED TO DIGITAL CERTIFICATE CERTIFYING CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY FOR AN ENTITY IMPLEMENTING ONE OR MORE NETWORK FUNCTIONS OF A CORE NETWORK FOR A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
There are provided method, comprising: receiving, at a first entity implementing at least a first network function of a core network for a mobile communication system, a digital certificate certifying a cryptographic key for the first entity; wherein the digital certificate indicates one or more purposes for which the digital certificate certifies the cryptographic key; and sending the digital certificate from the first entity to a second entity implementing at least a second network function of the core network for the mobile communication system.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a handover interruption time reduction through data reception on a source cell during a handover procedure are provided. For example, a method can include receiving a gap allocation configuration at a user equipment from a network. The method can also include preparing for a handover to a target cell during a gap according to the gap allocation.
A method comprising: decoding (500) encoded samples of blocks of video sample data; determining (502) two or more support regions for a block of video sample data, wherein each support region comprises a set of reconstructed samples at predetermined locations with respect to said block of video sample data; performing (504), for each support region, a decoder-side intra mode derivation process to obtain decoder-side intra mode derivation parameters specific to each support region; and computing (506), based on the decoder-side intra mode derivation parameters specific to each support region, a prediction for the samples of the block of video sample data.
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/11 - Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
89.
AN APPARATUS, A METHOD AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VIDEO CODING AND DECODING
A method comprising: receiving an image block unit of a frame, the image block unit comprising samples in color channels comprising at least one chrominance channel and one luminance channel (1200); reconstructing samples of said luminance channels of the image block unit (1202); determining a reference area for predicting target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit, wherein said reference area comprises one or more of reference samples in a neighboring block in current color channel/frame, in the neighboring of a co- located block in reference color channel/ frame (1204); and/or inside the co-located block in reference color channel/frame; determining a subset of samples in said reference area to be used for calculating classifier parameters of a cross-component prediction model (1206); and predicting said target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit using the cross-component prediction model based on reconstructed samples in the reference color channel/frame of the reference area (1208).
H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/11 - Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
90.
AN APPARATUS, A METHOD AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VIDEO CODING AND DECODING
A method comprising: receiving an image block unit of a frame, the image block unit comprising samples in color channels comprising at least one chrominance channel and one luminance channel (1200); reconstructing samples of said luminance channels of the image block unit (1202); determining a reference area for predicting target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit, wherein said reference area comprises one or more of reference samples in a neighboring block in current color channel/frame, in the neighboring of a co-located block in reference color channel/frame; and/or inside the co-located block in reference color channel/frame (1204); determining at least one fixed value to be subtracted from sample values of samples in said reference area prior to determining parameters of a cross-component prediction model (1206); predicting said target samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit using the determined parameters of the cross-component prediction model (1208); and adding said at least one fixed value to values of the predicted target samples of at least one color channel of the image block (1210).
H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/85 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
91.
AN APPARATUS, A METHOD AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VIDEO CODING AND DECODING
There is disclosed a method for location dependent template-based intra mode derivation. In accordance with an embodiment, encoded video data is decoded to obtain reconstructed samples of a picture; the reconstructed samples are used to intra-predict a current block of the picture; an area in a surrounding of the current block is divided (701) into at least two templates formed of the already reconstructed samples at specific locations with respect to the current block; for each template one or more intra-prediction modes are determined (702) by template-based intra mode derivation; at least two predictors of the current block are computed (705) based on the determined intra-prediction modes; and the at least two predictors are combined together using blending by sample-based weights to form (705) a prediction block for the current block.
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/159 - Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for early feedback in multi-channel scheduling. A method may include receiving a downlink control information scheduling multi-transport block transmission. The method may also include determining, based on the downlink control information, transport blocks that are scheduled for transmission. The method may further include determining a first timing of when to provide a first feedback message for a first set of transport blocks scheduled with the downlink control information. In addition, the method may include determining at least one second timing of when to provide a second feedback message for a second set of transport blocks scheduled with the downlink control information. Further, the method may include transmitting the first feedback message and the at least one second feedback message to the network element based on the determination of the first timing and the second timing.
An apparatus comprising: means for implementing a first component configured to provide a backhaul connection to a parent node of a network; means for implementing a second component configured to provide a backhaul connection to a child node of a network and/or to an access link to a user equipment (UE); means for receiving a plurality of code blocks (CB) of a transport block (TB) arranged in a first time domain resource allocation from the parent node; means for decoding at least a first subset of code blocks; and means for transmitting at least the first subset of code blocks of the transport block at a second time domain resource allocation to the child node or the UE, wherein the number of code blocks in the first subset is configured to be determined at least based on a processing time for decoding the first set of code blocks or a latency target of the plurality of code blocks of the transport block or channel quality parameters of the link.
A controller of a RAN detects an interferer is present in a region covered by antenna array(s) that provide a 3D view of segments of a cell, using at least a mapping from the segments to corresponding anomaly signatures, and using radio measurements taken in the segments, to determine segment(s) affected by the interferer. The controller performs mitigation of interference in the segment(s). A base station controlling the antenna array(s) determines that an event has been detected because radio measurement(s) of the segments of the cell meet an event detection threshold, and performs and sends to the controller multiple symbol-level radio measurements. The controller also causes channel sensing and radio measurements to be performed by the base station for steady state and states of interest in the cell. The controller correlates these radio measurements to map from segments to anomaly signatures and uses the mapping to perform interference mitigation.
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
Converting each log of a sequence of N logs into an identifier among K different identifiers to obtain a sequence of N identifiers;
for each n between 0 and N:
for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the first n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a front frequency of the identifier for the respective n; and
for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the last N−n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a rear frequency of the identifier for the respective n;
arranging front frequencies and rear frequencies in a count vector;
inputting the count vector an autoencoder to obtain an output vector for the respective n;
determining a difference between the output vector and the count vector;
marking the sequence as anomalous if the difference between the output vector and the count vector is larger than a threshold.
This specification relates to an apparatus which stores a machine-learned model including a first neural network block including multiple convolutional neural network layers, a second neural network block including at least one dilated convolutional neural network layer, and a linear transformation block. The apparatus is configured to receive input data representing in-phase and quadrature signals of an input signal that is to be amplified by a power amplifier, to process the received input data using the first neural network block of the machine learned model to generate a first neural network block output, to process the received input data using the second neural network block of the machine learned model to generate a second neural network block output, and to combine, using the linear transformation block, the first neural network block output and the second neural network block output to generate a pre-distorted signal for amplification by the power amplifier.
Example apparatus include circuitry for: obtaining audio content representing at least one audio space; enabling at least one digital signal processing operation to render the audio content such that the rendered audio content includes at least one target response for the at least one audio space wherein the enabling of the at least one digital signal processing operation to render the audio content is controlled based on obtaining the at least one target response for the at least one audio space. When the obtained target response is known the circuitry obtains at least one parameter for the at least one digital signal processing operation. When the obtained target response is unknown the circuitry obtains at least one parameter for a neural network and determines at least one parameter for the at least one digital signal processing operation.
Various example embodiments relate to secondary cell (SCell) preparation. An apparatus may receive, from a base station, a wake-up signal for activating means, of the apparatus, for bidirectional communication and determine, based on the wake-up signal, at least one candidate cell or carrier for a secondary cell for communication between the means for bidirectional communication and the base station. Apparatuses and methods are disclosed.
An example method includes: receiving an input extended block comprising an input block and input margins, wherein the input block is derived from an image or a video frame, and wherein the input block and the input margins are input to a filter, and wherein the input margins comprise pixels of the image or the video frame; filtering the input extended block to obtain a filtered extended block comprising a filtered block and filtered margins; receiving other blocks, wherein the other blocks are derived from the image or video frame, and wherein at least one pixel of the other blocks overlaps with at least one pixel of the filtered margins of the filtered extended block; and blending the filtered extended block with the other blocks, wherein an operation to blend the filtered extended block with the other blocks is applied to two or more overlapping pixels
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/103 - Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
H04N 19/136 - Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
H04N 19/157 - Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
H04N 19/172 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/182 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
H04N 19/42 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
H04N 19/80 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
100.
Timing Advance Triggering Measurement Report For FR2 Handover
An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: establish a connection with a source cell; determine a first timing advance that indicates a propagation delay of uplink transmission to the source cell; determine a second timing advance that indicates a propagation delay of uplink transmission to a target cell; determine whether to initiate a handover procedure to the target cell, based at least on the first timing advance; and synchronize to the target cell during the handover procedure.
