METHOD FOR EXCHANGING HEAT IN VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS COMPRISING INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH DUAL-ROW EVAPORATORS OR CONDENSERS
A multi-step method is disclosed for exchanging heat in a vapor compression heat transfer system having a working fluid circulating therethrough. The method includes the step of circulating a working fluid comprising a fluoroolefin to an inlet of a first tube of an internal heat exchanger, through the internal heat exchanger and to an outlet thereof. Also disclosed are vapor compression heat transfer systems for exchanging heat. The systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a dual-row condenser and an intermediate heat exchanger having a first tube and a second tube. A disclosed system involves a dual-row condenser connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes. Another disclosed system involves a dual-row evaporator connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes.
F25B 40/00 - Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
F28D 1/04 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or mo with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
F28D 1/053 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or mo with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
3 or Cr/Ni on fluoride alumina, in the presence of an oxygen containing gas, to form a mixture comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3,-tetrafluoropropene, hydrogen fluoride, and optionally unreacted 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, separating the E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene from the Z-isomer and any unreacted 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, if present, and recovering said E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
A fluoropropene composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, wherein the total amount of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is 1.0 wt. % or less, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition. A method of producing the fluoropropene, composition and methods for using the fluoropropene composition are also disclosed.
This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one impurity in the mixture; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A. This disclosure also relates to processes for making at least one hydrotetrafluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CF═CH2, CF3CH═CHF, and mixtures thereof; and relates to processes for making at least one hydrochlorotrifluoropropene product selected from the group consisting of CF3CCl═CH2, CF3CH═CHCl, and mixtures thereof.
A process is disclosed for making CF3CF═CHF. The process involves reacting CF3CClFCCl2F with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CF═CHF. The catalyst has a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, fluorided alumina, aluminum fluoride and mixtures thereof and the mole ratio of H2 to CF3CClFCCl2F fed to the reaction zone is between about 1:1 and about 5:1. Also disclosed are azeotropic compositions of CF3CClFCCl2F and HF and azeotropic composition of CF3CHFCH2F and HF.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C07C 17/00 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot-melt fluorine resin powder coating composition containing a filler, which has a large film thickness that can be coated once, a large limit film thickness for an overcoating, and can be thickly coated.
An object of the present invention is to provide a hot-melt fluorine resin powder coating composition containing a filler, which has a large film thickness that can be coated once, a large limit film thickness for an overcoating, and can be thickly coated.
The present invention is a powder coating composition, which is a powder mixture, containing: first hot-melt fluorine resin particles having an average particle diameter of 2 to 100 μm in which a filler is dispersed in the particles; second hot-melt fluorine resin particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 200 μm; and charge controlling agent particles.
The present invention relates to a composition comprising HFO-1234yf, or trans-HFO-1234ze, or a mixture thereof; HFC-32; and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof, wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of:
(I) a first composition, wherein said HFO-1234yf or trans-HFO-1234ze or a mixture thereof is at least 56 weight percent of said first composition;
(II) a second composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at most 29 weight percent of said second composition;
(III) a third composition, wherein said HFC-152a is at least 56 weight percent said third composition;
(IV) a fourth composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at least 56 weight percent of said fourth composition;
(V) a fifth composition comprising trans-HFO-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof; and
(VI) a sixth composition, wherein said HFO-1243zf or mixture thereof with HFC-152a is at most 20 weight percent of said sixth composition.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
A dehydrohalogenation product includes a hydrochlorofluorocarbon mixture of a fluoroolefin of formula RCX=CZQ and a halofluoroalkane of formula RCXYCZQT. R is a perfluorinated alkyl group and X, Z, and Q are independently H or halogen. One of Y and T is H and the other is Cl, Br, or I. About 80% or greater of the hydrochlorofluorocarbon mixture is the fluoroolefin. The dehydrohalogenation product also includes a caustic agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the dehydrohalogenation product is free of any catalyst, including any phase transfer catalyst.
Provided is a compression molding composition, in which an emulsion-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a filler are mixed in a substantially uniform manner without generating an aggregate, and the used PTFE is not particularly limited. The compression molding composition includes emulsion-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene, a heat-processible fluoropolymer, and a filler, the melt flow rate (MFR) of the heat-processible fluoropolymer is from 0.01 to 100 g/10 min, and the content of the heat-processible fluoropolymer is from 1 to 40 mass % relative to the total of the emulsion-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene and the heat-processible fluoropolymer.
Refrigerant compositions including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and at least one of ethane (R-170) or propane (R-290) which exhibit near-azeotropic or azeotrope-like behavior. The refrigerant compositions exhibit a low global warming potential (GWP) and are non-ozone depleting. The refrigerant compositions are useful as a heating or cooling fluids in a variety of heating or cooling systems including heat pumps and other heating and cooling loops, in, for example, the automotive industry.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
12.
COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR INTRODUCING PAG LUBRICANT OR REFRIGERANT INTO AN AIR-CONDITIONING OR SYSTEM USING LOWER OR LOW GWP REFRIGERANT OR REFRIGERANT BLENDS
Compositions, systems and methods for introducing lubricants, and additives, that are designed to work with environmentally friendly refrigerants into vehicle heat management systems including passenger compartment air conditioning (A/C) systems are disclosed. Methods for charging lubricants and specific additives using environmentally desirable (low GWP) refrigerant or refrigerant blend compositions into an environmentally friendly system, such as a system that uses HFO-1234yf, are also disclosed.
The present invention provides a process comprising for modifying a Li-ion battery having a region of electrochemical activity and an enclosure therefor, said process comprising forming at least one chamber within said enclosure separate from said region of electrochemical activity, positioning combustion abatement agent within said chamber, whereby said combustion abatement agent is not in contact with said region of electrochemical activity, said chamber being pressure or heat sensitive, whereby when said region of electrochemical activity overheats, said chamber is breached, allowing said combustion abatement agent to contact said region of electrochemical activity to abate combustion of said region of electrochemical activity, wherein exemplary of combustion abatement agent is the composition comprising liquid fluoropolyether and exemplary of the of the chamber exhibiting pressure or heat sensitivity is to include a low melting, non-flammable polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol in the material of construction of the chamber.
H01M 50/35 - Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
H01M 50/103 - Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in air conditioning or heat pump systems.
A process for polymerizing at least one fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and hydrocarbon dispersing agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer. The hydrocarbon dispersing agent comprises a compound of formula I:
A process for polymerizing at least one fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and hydrocarbon dispersing agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer. The hydrocarbon dispersing agent comprises a compound of formula I:
R—(XZ)n I
A process for polymerizing at least one fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and hydrocarbon dispersing agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer. The hydrocarbon dispersing agent comprises a compound of formula I:
R—(XZ)n I
wherein R is a hydrophobic hydrocarbon moiety that comprises one or more saturated or unsaturated, non-cyclic or cyclic aliphatic groups, the percentage of total CH3 groups in relation to the total of CH3, CH2 and CH groups in said one or more aliphatic groups being at least about 70%, said hydrophobic moiety being free of siloxane units; wherein each X may be the same or different and represents an ionic hydrophilic moiety; wherein each Z may be a same or different and represents one or more counter ions for said ionic hydrophilic moiety; and wherein n is 1 to 3.
C07C 317/22 - Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
C07C 317/14 - Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
C07C 309/31 - Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of six-membered aromatic rings substituted by alkyl groups by alkyl groups containing at least three carbon atoms
16.
METHODS OF IMMERSION COOLING WITH LOW-GWP FLUIDS IN IMMERSION COOLING SYSTEMS
Disclosed is an immersion cooling unit including an immersion cell, defining an internal cavity. An electrical component is positioned in the internal cavity. A dielectric working fluid partially fills the internal cavity and at least partially immerses the electrical component. A condensing coil, is positioned above the dielectric working fluid. The dielectric working fluid comprises at least one of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene, (HFO-153-10mczz), or 1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-2-pentene, (HFO-153-10mzzy). Also disclosed is a method of cooling an electrical component, comprising partially immersing an electrical component in a working fluid; and transferring heat from the electrical component using the working fluid
The present application provides a process of preparing 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, comprising reacting 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with a base in an aqueous solvent component in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.
A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
A62C 35/02 - Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
A62C 35/68 - Pipe-line systems - Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
A62C 37/11 - Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
A62C 31/02 - Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
A62C 37/14 - Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive with frangible vessels
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
A62C 37/08 - Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
21.
STABILIZED FLUOROOLEFIN REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND USAGE
The present invention relates to refrigerant compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin, at least one lubricant and an effective amount of at least one inhibitor wherein the inhibitor is present in the fluoroolefin and the lubricant.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
22.
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS FOR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
Disclosed is a composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and isobutane (R-600a). A refrigeration system, including a hermetic compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition includes difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and isobutane (R-600a).
The present application relates to compositions (e.g., heat transfer fluids) for use in refrigeration and heat transfer applications. The compositions of the present invention are useful in methods for producing cooling and heating, and methods for replacing refrigerants and refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump apparatuses.
A vapor compression refrigeration system, including a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290).
Environmentally friendly refrigerant blends utilizing blends including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and fluoroethane (HFC-161). The blends have ultra-low GWP, low toxicity, and low flammability with low temperature glide or nearly negligible glide for use in a hybrid, mild hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or full electric vehicles for thermal management (transferring heat from one part of the vehicle to the other) of the passenger compartment providing air conditioning (A/C) or heating to the passenger cabin.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F25B 41/24 - Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
26.
HFO-1234ZE, HFO-1225ZC and HFO-1234YF compositions and processes for producing and using the compositions
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
C07C 17/357 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by dehydrogenation
The present application provides foams having improved insulation and thermal performance and processes of forming said foams. Exemplary foams described herein are prepared according to a process comprising reacting a foamable composition comprising a blowing agent and one or more nucleating agents, under conditions effective to form the foam.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08G 18/42 - Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
A fluoropropene composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, wherein the total amount of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is 1.0 wt. % or less, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition. A method of producing the fluoropropene, composition and methods for using the fluoropropene composition are also disclosed.
To provide a resin pellet that is suitable for molding a molded product used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus and inherently has high cleanliness, and a molded product including the resin pellets used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
To provide a resin pellet that is suitable for molding a molded product used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus and inherently has high cleanliness, and a molded product including the resin pellets used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
A resin pellet including at least one selected from tetrafluoroethylene homopolymers or copolymers, wherein the evaporation residue after evaporating and drying the extract obtained by dissolving and extracting the fluorine-containing substance contained in or adhering to the resin pellet in a fluorine-containing extractant is 20×10−6 mg/mm2 or less.
Described is a fibrous substrate treatment composition having a) 20-99.5% by weight of a silicone polyether polymer and b) 0.5-4% by weight of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of cationic and nonionic surfactant; wherein the silicone polyether polymer has 6-100% by weight of formula (I) or (II) and 0-94% by weight of repeat units from ethylenically unsaturated comonomers;
Described is a fibrous substrate treatment composition having a) 20-99.5% by weight of a silicone polyether polymer and b) 0.5-4% by weight of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of cationic and nonionic surfactant; wherein the silicone polyether polymer has 6-100% by weight of formula (I) or (II) and 0-94% by weight of repeat units from ethylenically unsaturated comonomers;
Described is a fibrous substrate treatment composition having a) 20-99.5% by weight of a silicone polyether polymer and b) 0.5-4% by weight of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of cationic and nonionic surfactant; wherein the silicone polyether polymer has 6-100% by weight of formula (I) or (II) and 0-94% by weight of repeat units from ethylenically unsaturated comonomers;
wherein a and b are integers of 1 to 40 where a+b is an integer of at least 2; c and d are integers of 0 to 20; e is an integer of 1 to 40; X is a linear or branched C1-C4 alkylene group; R1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and R2 is —C(R1)═CH2 or polymer backbone unit —[C(R1)—CH2]— bonded at C(R1). Treatments exhibit improved balance of water repellency and oily stain release performance.
D06M 15/647 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing polyether sequences
A hydrogenation process is disclosed. The process involves reacting a fluoroolefin with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a hydrofluoroalkane product, wherein the palladium catalyst comprises palladium supported on a carrier wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the carrier. Also disclosed is a palladium catalyst composition consisting essentially of palladium supported on α-Al2O3 wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the α-Al2O3. Also disclosed is a hydrogenation process comprising (a) passing a mixture comprising fluoroolefin and H2 through a bed of palladium catalyst in a reaction zone wherein the palladium catalyst comprises palladium supported on a carrier; and (b) producing a hydrofluoroalkane product; characterized by: the palladium catalyst in the front of the bed having lower palladium concentration than the palladium catalyst in the back of the bed.
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C07C 17/00 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
C07C 17/383 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by distillation
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
An alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed having the chemical structure RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is an at least partially fluorinated functional group having at least one carbon atom, Rf′ is an at least partially fluorinated functional group having at least two carbon atoms, and R is a functional group. A method for preparing an alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed, comprising RfCFHCFHRf′+KOH/ROH→RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is a perfluoro functional group, Rf′ is a perfluoro functional group, and R is an alkyl functional group. Another method for preparing an alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed, comprising RfCF═CHRf′+KOH/ROH→RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is a perfluoro functional group, Rf′ is a perfluoro functional group, and R is an alkyl functional group.
H01B 3/44 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes acrylic resins
35.
CROSSLINKABLE FLUOROPOLYMER AND COATING FORMED THEREFROM
Provided is a high oil contact angle coating comprising fluoropolymer, compositions and processes for forming the coating, and articles comprising the coating. The fluoropolymer is a crosslinkable tetrapolymer fluoropolymer produced from the copolymerization of monomers tetrafluoroethylene, fluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) or fluoro(alkyl ethylene), alkyl vinyl ether and alkenyl silane. The fluoropolymer coating has high oil contact angle and utility as coating when the fluoropolymer is in the uncrosslinked or crosslinked state.
A cation exchange membrane includes a film of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate groups. The film has a machine direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the machine direction. The membrane has a water swell in both the machine direction and the transverse direction of less than about 5%. The membrane has a ratio of in-plane conductivity in the machine direction to in-plane conductivity in the transverse direction of about 0.9 to about 1.1. A process makes a cation exchange membrane including a film of fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate groups. The process includes forming a film of the ionomer. The process also includes biaxially stretching the film in both a machine direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the machine direction. An electrochemical cell has anode and cathode compartments and includes a cation exchange membrane as a separator between the anode and cathode compartments.
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
38.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3-DICHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROPROPANE, 2 CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE OR 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE
Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF═CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
Method for exchanging heat in vapor compression heat transfer systems and vapor compression heat transfer systems comprising intermediate heat exchangers with dual-row evaporators or condensers
A multi-step method is disclosed for exchanging heat in a vapor compression heat transfer system having a working fluid circulating therethrough. The method includes the step of circulating a working fluid comprising a fluoroolefin to an inlet of a first tube of an internal heat exchanger, through the internal heat exchanger and to an outlet thereof. Also disclosed are vapor compression heat transfer systems for exchanging heat. The systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a dual-row condenser and an intermediate heat exchanger having a first tube and a second tube. A disclosed system involves a dual-row condenser connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes. Another disclosed system involves a dual-row evaporator connected to the first and second intermediate heat exchanger tubes.
F25B 40/00 - Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
F28D 1/053 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or mo with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
F28D 1/04 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or mo with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
40.
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF
HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
A dehydrochlorination process is disclosed. The process involves contacting RfCHClCH2Cl with a chromium oxyfluoride catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising RfCCl═CH2, wherein Rf is a perfluorinated alkyl group.
The present application provides stabilized compositions (e.g., stabilized heat transfer fluids) comprising methyl perfluoroheptene for use, for example, in refrigeration and heat transfer applications. The stabilized compositions of the present invention are useful in methods for producing cooling and heating, methods for replacing refrigerants and refrigeration, air conditioning, heat pump apparatuses, and as solvents or dewatering agents.
C10M 105/52 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
42.
2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE (1233XF) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THE COMPOSITIONS
A composition including 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf), one or more of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane (243db), 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1223xd), 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoropropene (1232xf), 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (233ab), 2,3,3-trichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (233da), 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1243zf), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233zd), 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1224yd), or 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and optionally 1233xf oligomers are disclosed.
A copolymer includes 20 mol % to 80 mol % of —CF2CF2O— units, 20 mol % to 80 mol % of —CF(CF3)CF2O— units, and 0 mol % to 45 mol % of one or more additional perfluoroalkyleneoxy units. The copolymer has a molecular weight Mn of 1,500 to 20,000, a viscosity index of 100 to 220, and an average tetrafluoroethylene oxide (TFEO) run length less than 6. A process of forming a perfluoroalkyl polyether copolymer includes feeding a gas stream containing TFEO and hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) into a reactor containing a fluorinated solvent, a fluoride salt, an ether, and an acid fluoride to form an acid fluoride-containing polymer. The process also includes hydrolyzing the acid fluoride-containing polymer to form a perfluoroalkyl polyether carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt. The process further includes distilling off the fluorinated solvent and treating the perfluoroalkyl polyether carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt with elemental fluorine to obtain the perfluoroalkyl polyether copolymer.
C08G 65/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
C08G 65/323 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing halogens
C08G 65/26 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
C08G 65/22 - Cyclic ethers having at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
C10M 107/38 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
44.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3 TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
F28C 3/08 - Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
C07C 17/357 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by dehydrogenation
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
C07C 17/357 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by dehydrogenation
The present application provides a process of preparing 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, comprising reacting 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with a base in an aqueous solvent component in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.
A method of making chlorofluorohydrocarbons including, contacting, a fluorinated hydrocarbon reagent in the vapor phase, with hydrogen chloride (HCl). The reaction is conducted in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst, at an elevated temperature sufficient to effect hydrochlorination to form a reaction mixture including a chlorofluorohydrocarbon.
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
Disclosed is an immersion cooling unit including an immersion cell, defining an internal cavity. An electrical component is positioned in the internal cavity. A dielectric working fluid partially fills the internal cavity and at least partially immerses the electrical component. A condensing coil is positioned above the dielectric working fluid. The dielectric working fluid comprises at least one of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene, (HFO-153-10mczz), or 1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-2-pentene, (HFO-153-10mzzy). Also disclosed is a method of cooling an electrical component, comprising partially immersing an electrical component in a working fluid; and transferring heat from the electrical component using the working fluid.
A method of producing (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-1336mzz) is described. The method utilizes readily available halogenated starting materials, including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113a) and carbon tetrachloride.
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF=CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
A method hydrofluorinates an olefin of the formula: RCX=CYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCXHCFYZ, where X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C1-C6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo. The method includes reacting the olefin with HF in the vapor phase, in the presence of SbF5, at a temperature ranging from about −30° C. to about 65° C. and compositions formed by the process.
B01J 23/16 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-244bb and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. Compositions comprising HCFC-244bb are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
The present application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing a refrigerant selected from R-410A, R-22, and R-134a in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
C07C 17/278 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/04 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
An elastomeric fluoropolymer includes the following monomer units: about 45 mol % to about 65 mol % —CF2—CH2—; about 8 mol % to about 30 mol % —CF2—CF2—; about 4.5 mol % to about 25 mol % —CF2—CF(O—CF3)—; and about 6 mol % to about 20 mol % —CF2—CF(O—CF2—CF2—O—(CF2—O)n—CF3)—, where n is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, a composition includes an elastomeric fluoropolymer and at least one additive. In some embodiments, a composition includes a first elastomeric fluoropolymer and a second elastomeric fluoropolymer blended with the first elastomeric fluoropolymer. The first elastomeric fluoropolymer includes the following monomer units: about 45 mol % to about 65 mol % —CF2—CH2—; about 8 mol % to about 30 mol % —CF2—CF2—; about 4.5 mol % to about 25 mol % —CF2—CF(O—CF3)—; and about 6 mol % to about 20 mol % —CF2—CF(O—CF2—CF2—O—(CF2—O)n—CF3)—, where n is 1 or 2.
The invention provides novel devices to allow for the accelerated evaluation of the impacts of light exposure on the contents of the packaging system. Through this approach and using the methods described herein, it can be determined how the components of a complete package system perform collectively to influence its photoprotective performance enabling a first ever method to quantitate these impacts. The use of this device with the methods described herein will allow for package designs to be optimized for the photoprotection performances, for the impacts of packaging production defects to be explored, and for the influence of packaging form (e.g., surface area to volume ratio) to be determined. Such device capabilities allow a first ever means to provide simulated retail, isothermal light exposures to complete package systems.
G01N 17/00 - Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion or to light
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
58.
COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR INTRODUCING POE LUBRICANT INTO AN ELECTRIC (HEV, PHEV, EV) AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITIONING/HEATING SYSTEM OR STATIONARY AIR-CONDITIONING/HEATING SYSTEM OR STATIONARY REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING LOWER OR LOW GWP REFRIGERANT OR REFRIGERANT BLENDS
Compositions, systems, and methods for introducing lubricants, and additives, that are designed to work with environmentally friendly refrigerants into vehicle heat management systems including passenger compartment air conditioning (A/C) systems are disclosed. Methods for charging lubricants and specific additives using environmentally desirable (low GWP) refrigerant or refrigerant blend compositions into an environmentally friendly system, such as a system that uses HFO-1234yf, are also disclosed.
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
59.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PHOTOPROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE VALUE OF A PACKAGE SYSTEM
The invention provides novel methods to place a complete package system filled with a sample into a light exposure chamber as a complete unit with periodic monitoring of the contents of the packaging system. Through this approach, it can be determined how the components of a complete package system perform collectively to influence its photoprotective performance enabling a first ever method to quantitate these impacts. In turn this will allow for package designs to be optimized for the photoprotection performances, for the impacts of packaging production defects to be explored, and for the influence of packaging form (e.g., surface area to volume ratio) to be determined. Such capabilities allow a first ever means to optimize package systems for photoprotective performance.
The present application provides a process of preparing 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, comprising reacting 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with a base in an aqueous solvent component in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.
A method of producing a fluoroolefin includes contacting a compound of formula (1), RfCX1═CHCF3, with a fluorinated ethylene compound of formula (2), CX2X3═CX4X5 in the presence of a catalyst. In the compound of formula (1), Rf is a linear or branched C1-C10 perfluorinated alkyl group and Xi is H, Br, Cl, or F. In the compound of formula (2), X2, X3, X4, and X5 are each independently H, Br, Cl, or F and at least three of X2, X3, X4, and X5 are F. The resulting composition comprises a compound of formula (3), Rf(CF2)nCX6═CH(CF2)mCX7X8CFX9X10. In the compound of formula (3), X6, X7, X8, X9, and X10 are each independently H, Br, Cl, or F, and the total number of each of H, Br, Cl, and F corresponds to the total number of each of H, Br, Cl, and F provided by the compounds of formulae (1) and (2).
C07C 17/278 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
A process includes polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer. The polymerization agent includes fluoropolyether acid or salt having an Mn of at least about 800 g/mol and fluorosurfactant having the formula: [R1—On-L-A−] Y+. R1 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group which may contain ether linkages; n is 1; L is a linear or branched alkylene group which may be nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or fully fluorinated and may contain ether linkages; A− is a carboxylate; and Y+ is hydrogen, ammonium, or alkali metal cation. The chain length of R1—On-L- is not greater than 6 atoms. The polymerization agent includes a minor amount of fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof and a major amount of fluorosurfactant. The polymerizing produces less than about 3 wt % undispersed fluoropolymer based on the total weight of fluoropolymer produced.
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
Compositions, system and methods for introducing PAG lubricant or refrigerant into an air-conditioning or system using lower or low GWP refrigerant or refrigerant blends
Compositions, systems and methods for introducing lubricants, and additives, that are designed to work with environmentally friendly refrigerants into vehicle heat management systems including passenger compartment air conditioning (A/C) systems are disclosed. Methods for charging lubricants and specific additives using environmentally desirable (low GWP) refrigerant or refrigerant blend compositions into an environmentally friendly system, such as a system that uses HFO-1234yf, are also disclosed.
Provided is a melt molding manufacturing method wherein the mold exhibits excellent molded product releasability over a long period of time, and that can produce a molded product having a matte surface with suppressed surface gloss. The molding manufacturing method for manufacturing the molded product involves forming the melt molded product in a mold having a coating on the surface of the mold, wherein the coating is a layer of fluororesin having dispersed therein oil and filler having an average particle size of 300 nm or less.
A dehydrohalogenation product includes a hydrochlorofluorocarbon mixture of a fluoroolefin of formula RCX═CZQ and a halofluoroalkane of formula RCXYCZQT. R is a perfluorinated alkyl group and X, Z, and Q are independently H or halogen. One of Y and T is H and the other is Cl, Br, or I. About 80% or greater of the hydrochlorofluorocarbon mixture is the fluoroolefin. The dehydrohalogenation product also includes a caustic agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the dehydrohalogenation product is free of any catalyst, including any phase transfer catalyst.
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-32, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions are match cooling performance for R-32 with GWP less than 400 or less than 300.
A method of synthesizing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf). The 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) is reacted in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature and pressure sufficient to selectively convert the 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) without the use of antimony-based catalysts.
The present application provides compositions comprising 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene (i.e., CFO-1112) and, optionally, an additional component. The present application further provides use of the compositions provided herein in cleaning, solvent, carrier fluid, and deposition applications.
The present application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing a refrigerant selected from R-410A and R-32 in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
B01J 20/06 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
Provided is a fluoropolymer composition containing amorphous perfluoropolymer as a major component and functional fluoropolymer as a minor component, the functional fluoropolymer containing copolymerized units of fluoroolefin, alkyl or aryl vinyl ether and alkenyl silane. The minor amount of the functional fluoropolymer results in the fluoropolymer composition strongly adhering to a variety of substrates, but not suffering significant degradation of the desirable properties of the amorphous perfluoropolymer.
C03C 17/32 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
74.
HFO-1234ze, HFO-1225zc and HFO-1234yf compositions and processes for producing and using the compositions
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
C07C 17/357 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by dehydrogenation
The present application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and carbon dioxide (CO2), that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing a refrigerant selected from R-410A and R-32 in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
A refrigeration system, including a low back pressure (LBP) hermetic reciprocating compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition includes difluoromethane (R-32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf).
This invention relates to the use blends comprising HFO-1336mzz-Z, methyl formate, and optionally, HFC-152a as blowing agents for thermoplastic polymers (e.g., polystyrene).
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
B24D 3/02 - Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
F28C 3/08 - Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
B24D 3/00 - Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
B24D 11/00 - Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
B24D 18/00 - Manufacture of grinding tools, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
80.
CONVERSION OF CHLOROFLUOROROPANES AND CHLOROFLUROPROPENES TO MORE DESIRABLE FLUOROPROPANES AND FLUOROROPENES
A process is provided comprising contacting and reacting the compound CF3CF2CHXC, wherein X is H or Cl, or the compound CF3CF=CXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Cu, Ru, Cu—Pd, Ni—Cu, and Ni—Pd, to obtain as a result thereof reaction product comprising hydrofluoropropenes or intermediates convertible to said hydrofluoropropenes, notably CF3CF=CH2 and CF3CH=CHF.
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
A method hydrofluorinates an olefin of the formula: RCX═CYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCXHCFYZ, where X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C1-C6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C1-C6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo. The method includes reacting the olefin with HF in the vapor phase, in the presence of SbF5, at a temperature ranging from about −30° C. to about 65° C. and compositions formed by the process.
A process for transferring heat including providing an article and contacting the article with a heat transfer media. The heat transfer media includes a composition formed by the process of, contacting a compound of formula (1), RfCH═CHF, with a fluorinated ethylene compound of formula (2), CX1X2═CX3X4 in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. In the compound of formula (1) Rf is a C1-C10 perfluorinated alkyl group. In the compound of formula (2) X1, X2, X3, and X4 are each independently H, Cl, or F and at least one of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is F. The resulting composition comprises a compound of formula (3), RfCF3(CX5X6CX7X8)nCH═CHCX9X10CX11X12F. In the compound of formula (3), X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, and X12 are each independently H, Cl, or F, and n is an integer of 0 or 1.
Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF═CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 23/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez, mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2, mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2, and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C10M 105/52 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
H01B 3/56 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances gases
H05F 3/04 - Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices
A62D 1/02 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing or yielding a gas phase, e.g. foams
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
H01B 3/24 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils containing halogen in the molecules, e.g. halogenated oils
85.
COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING DIFLUOROMETHANE, TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, AND CARBON DIOXIDE AND USES THEREOF
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions match cooling capacity for R-410A within ±10% with GWP less than 350 or less than 300.
Processes for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and intermediates for producing same. A process for producing 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with HF in the liquid phases. A process for producing E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with base. A process for producing 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene with a chlorine source. A process for producing 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne comprises contacting 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a base. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne with hydrogen and a catalyst.
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/269 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
87.
STABILIZED FLUOROOLEFIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND USAGE
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin, HFC-32, and an effective amount of at least one inhibitor. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling and heating apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.
Processes for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and intermediates for producing same. A process for producing 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with HF in the liquid phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. A process for producing 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a chlorine source. A process for producing 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne comprises contacting 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a base. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne with hydrogen.
C07C 17/093 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C07C 17/269 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/06 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens combined with replacement of hydrogen atoms by halogens
C07C 17/04 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for quantifying solid residue on a sample. The process includes using a solid substrate and an aerosolizing device, adding a solid material to the aerosolizing device, forming a particle cloud of solid particles, wherein at least 1% of the mass concentration of solid particles have a mass median aerodynamic particle diameter up to about 10 μm, thus applying the solid particles to the solid substrate(s) to form treated substrate(s), maintaining at a temperature of from about 30 to about 120° C. for at least a portion of the process, and removing a portion of solid particles from the treated substrate(s), and analyzing said at least one sample. The present invention further comprises an apparatus for applying solid particles to a substrate. The process can be used, for example, to analyze the dirt pickup resistance of a solid sample.
This invention provides methods for determining photosensitive properties of product materials by exposing the product materials to controlled light exposures and measuring for changes in the product materials to quantify light sensitivity.
2, and, optionally, R-125, and methods of using the HFO-1225ye(E) composition in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems, or for replacing R-410A or R-32 in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems.
The present application relates to compositions comprising (E)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (i.e., R-1225ye(E) or HFO-1225ye(E)), HFO-1234yf, R-32, and, one or more additional components selected from R-125 and CO2, that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing R-22, R-407C, or R-404A in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
A process for producing E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene further comprises contacting E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst to produce 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, followed by reaction with base to produce 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne, and subsequently hydrogenating hexafluoro-2-butyne to produce Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
A refrigeration system including a flooded evaporator. The flooded evaporator additionally includes a liquid evaporator refrigerant composition and a vapor evaporator refrigerant composition. The liquid refrigerant composition includes difluoromethane (HFC-32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the vapor refrigerant composition includes difluoromethane (HFC-32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf). The mass fraction of difluoromethane in the liquid evaporator refrigerant composition is lower than the mass fraction of difluoromethane in the vapor evaporator refrigerant composition and the mass fraction of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the liquid evaporator refrigerant composition is greater than the mass fraction of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the vapor evaporator refrigerant composition.
A multilayer cation exchange membrane for use in a chloralkali process comprising an carboxylate layer comprising a fluorinated ionomer containing carboxylate groups on one side of the membrane, an exterior sulfonate layer comprising a fluorinated ionomer containing sulfonate groups on the side of the membrane opposite the carboxylate layer, and an interior sulfonate layer comprising a fluorinated ionomer containing to sulfonate groups between the carboxylate layer and the exterior sulfonate layer, the exterior sulfonate layer having an ion exchange ratio greater than about 11.3, and the interior sulfonate layer having an ion exchange ratio less than about 11.
C25B 13/08 - Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
C25B 1/46 - Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
C25B 13/02 - Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
96.
METHODS AND CONTAINERS FOR TRANSPORTING, TRANSFERRING, STORING AND USING REFRIGERANTS
A system and method for delivering a refrigerant to a refrigerant system. The system includes a distribution system comprising a distribution vessel, a transfer line, at least one pump, a distribution line and a distribution line branch arranged and disposed to transfer refrigerant from the distribution vessel to the refrigerant system. The system additionally includes a monitoring system comprising one or more sensors arranged and disposed to measure at least one distribution parameter within the distribution system and a recovery system arranged and disposed to selectively receive refrigerant based upon the refrigerant suitability for use in the refrigerant system.
A hiding value of a coating on a coated surface is assessed by assessing a reflectance of a multiplicity of pixels of an optically scanned image of the coated surface, and, based at least in part on the reflectance of each pixel of the multiplicity of pixels, assessing a hiding value of the coating on the coated surface.
The invention relates to inorganic particle slurries and coated articles having hydrophobic inorganic particles and at least one metal salt, wherein the hydrophobic inorganic particles are inorganic particles having a hydrophobic coating selected from the group consisting of polyols, organosiloxanes, organosilanes, alkylcarboxylic acids, alkylsulfonates, organophosphates, organophosphonates, fluoropolymers, fluorosurfactants, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the metal of the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of barium, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, copper, calcium, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, and aluminum. The combination of hydrophobic inorganic particles and metal salts provides synergistic effects in stain migration prevention, protective, and light scattering properties.
B05D 5/08 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
C09D 7/62 - Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
C08K 9/06 - Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
A process is provided for converting heat energy from a heat source to mechanical work or electricity by utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. The process comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to generate mechanical work. Also provided is an organic Rankine power cycle system utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. Further provided is a method of replacing the working fluid of an Organic Rankine Power Cycle System designed and configured to utilize a working fluid comprising HFC-245fa with a working fluid comprising of a perfluoroheptene.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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