A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
3.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND OXYGEN-DERIVED OLIGOMERS
Disclosed are compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and oligomers. Such compositions are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
Disclosed are compositions comprising HFO-1234yf, an inhibitor and oxidation products derived from the inhibitor. Such compositions are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in air conditioning or heat pump systems.
A method for extinguishing a flame and terminating thermal runaway in a device powered by a lithium ion battery. The disclosure also provides a system for extinguishing fires generated by lithium ion batteries exhibiting thermal runaway.
A62C 3/16 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
7.
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS FOR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
A vapor compression refrigeration system, including a reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and propane (R-290).
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F04B 39/00 - Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups
F25B 1/04 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
8.
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS FOR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
Disclosed is a composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and isobutane (R-600a). A refrigeration system, including a hermetic compressor and a refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition includes difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and isobutane (R-600a).
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F04B 39/00 - Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups
9.
HFO-1234ZE, HFO-1225ZC AND HFO-1234YF CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING AND USING THE COMPOSITIONS
A fluoropropene composition comprising E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, wherein the total amount of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is 1.0 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the fluoropropene composition. A method of producing the fluoropropene, composition and methods for using the fluoropropene composition are also disclosed.
Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-244bb and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. Compositions comprising HCFC-244bb are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.
The present application provides foams having improved insulation and thermal performance and processes of forming said foams. Exemplary foams described herein are prepared according to a process comprising reacting a foamable composition comprising a blowing agent and one or more nucleating agents, under conditions effective to form the foam.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/278 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
The present application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing a refrigerant selected from R-410A, R-22, and R-134a in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
The present application relates to compositions (e.g., heat transfer fluids) for use in refrigeration and heat transfer applications. The compositions of the present invention are useful in methods for producing cooling and heating, and methods for replacing refrigerants and refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump apparatuses.
TITLE HF0-1234ZE, HF0-1225ZC AND HF0-1234YF COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING AND USING THE COMPOSITIONS ABSTRACT A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed. Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-12
The present application relates to azeotrope and azeotrope-like compositions comprising neopentane and a compound selected from E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz(E)) and Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz(Z)). Methods of using the compositions of the invention in propellant applications, heat transfer applications, and refrigeration applications are also provided.
The present application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and carbon dioxide (CO2), that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing a refrigerant selected from R-410A and R-32 in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
A method of synthesizing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf). The 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) is reacted in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature and pressure sufficient to selectively convert the 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) without the use of antimony-based catalysts.
This invention relates to the use blends comprising HFO-1336mzz-Z, methyl formate, and optionally, HFC-152a as blowing agents for thermoplastic polymers (e.g., polystyrene).
C08L 25/12 - Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A composition including 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf), one or more of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane (243db), 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1223xd), 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoropropene (1232xf), 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (233ab), 2,3,3-trichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (233da), 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1243zf), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233zd), 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1224yd), or 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and optionally 1233xf oligomers are disclosed.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The present invention relates to refrigerant compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin, at least one lubricant and an effective amount of at least one inhibitor wherein the inhibitor is present in the fluoroolefin and the lubricant.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
23.
STABILIZED FLUOROOLEFIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND USAGE
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin, HFC-32, and an effective amount of at least one inhibitor. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling and heating apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
24.
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUOROBUT-2-ENE AND INTERMEDIATES FOR PRODUCING SAME
Processes for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and intermediates for producing same. A process for producing 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with HF in the liquid phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. A process for producing 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a chlorine source. A process for producing 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne comprises contacting 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a base. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne with hydrogen.
C07C 17/093 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/269 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
Processes for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and intermediates for producing same. A process for producing 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with HF in the liquid phases. A process for producing E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 2-chloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with base. A process for producing 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane comprises contacting E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene with a chlorine source and a catalyst. A process for producing 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne comprises contacting 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane with a base. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne with hydrogen and a catalyst.
C07C 17/04 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst comprising a metal halide to produce E- and Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-chloro-2-butene. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene further comprises contacting E- and Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-chloro-2-butene with base to produce 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne, and subsequently hydrogenating hexafluoro-2-butyne to produce Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/269 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
A process for producing E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene comprises contacting 1,1,2,4,4-pentachlorobuta-1,3-diene with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. A process for producing Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene further comprises contacting E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst to produce 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane, followed by reaction with base to produce 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butyne, and subsequently hydrogenating hexafluoro-2-butyne to produce Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C07C 17/278 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/281 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons of only one compound
28.
PROCESS AND METHODS FOR RECLAIMING FLAMMABLE AND NON-FLAMMABLE HYDROFLUORO-OLEFIN CONTAINING REFRIGERANTS
A method and apparatus for reclaiming refrigerant. The method includes transferring, an unreclaimed refrigerant composition, including one or more hydrofluoro olefins, from a source vessel to a receiving vessel and transporting the receiving vessel to a recycling center. The unreclaimed refrigerant composition is analyzed to determine the composition of the unreclaimed refrigerant composition sample. A target composition is determined, based on the analyzed unreclaimed refrigerant composition, and one or more treatments are determined, based on the target composition. The unreclaimed refrigerant composition is treated, with the one or more treatments, to form a reclaimed refrigerant composition having the composition of the reclaimed refrigerant composition is equal to the target composition.
The present application relates to compositions comprising (E)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (i.e., R-1225ye(E) or HFO-1225ye(E)) that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing R-1234ze(E) in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
The present application relates to compositions comprising (E)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (i.e., R-1225ye(E) or HFO-1225ye(E)), R-32, and, optionally, one or more additional components, that are useful in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. Methods of replacing R-134a or R-513A in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems are also provided.
The invention relates to inorganic particle slurries and coated articles having hydrophobic inorganic particles and at least one metal salt, wherein the hydrophobic inorganic particles are inorganic particles having a hydrophobic coating selected from the group consisting of polyols, organosiloxanes, organosilanes, alkylcarboxylic acids, alkylsulfonates, organophosphates, organophosphonates, fluoropolymers, fluorosurfactants, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the metal of the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of barium, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, copper, calcium, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, and aluminum. The combination of hydrophobic inorganic particles and metal salts provides synergistic effects in stain migration prevention, protective, and light scattering properties.
A fluoropropene composition comprising Z-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and optionally 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0%. A method of producing the fluoropropene, methods for using the fluoropropene and the composition formed are also disclosed.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions match cooling capacity for R-410A within 20% with GWP less than 250 or less than 200.
Refrigerant compositions including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and propylene (R-1270) which exhibit near-azeotropic or azeotrope-like behavior. The refrigerant compositions exhibit a low global warming potential (GWP) and are non-ozone depleting. The refrigerant compositions are useful as a heating or cooling fluids in a variety of heating or cooling systems including heat pumps and other heating and cooling loops, in for example the automotive industry.
A refrigerant composition including trifluoroiodomethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and at least one of hexafluoroethane or trifluoromethane is disclosed. The composition exhibits a lower global warming potential and improved thermodynamic properties compared to R-410A.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
37.
REFRIGERANT BLENDS HAVING LOW GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
The present invention relates to processes for preparing refrigerant blends comprising one or more purified hydrofluorocarbon compounds, wherein the one or more hydrofluorocarbon compounds have been recovered from one or more refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems, and purified.
A new light protective closure that includes a wall portion(s) and a top plate. The top plate is provided with an at least partial supplemental light protection layer in addition to the light protection provided by the material used to form the top plate.
B65D 51/24 - Closures not otherwise provided for combined with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
B65D 55/00 - Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
B65D 81/30 - Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants by excluding light or other outside radiation
The present application provides foams having improved insulation and thermal performance and processes of forming said foams. Exemplary foams described herein are prepared according to a process comprising reacting or extruding a foamable composition comprising (i) a compound selected from E-CHCl=CHCF3, Z-CF3CH=CHCF3, and ECF3CH= CHCF3, or any mixture thereof; and (2) a C5 hydrocarbon (e.g. cyclopentane), under conditions effective to form the foam.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
40.
STABILIZED FLUOROOLEFIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND USAGE
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and an effective amount of at least one inhibitor. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
41.
COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR INTRODUCING PAG LUBRICANT OR REFRIGERANT INTO AN AIR-CONDITIONING OR SYSTEM USING LOWER OR LOW GWP REFRIGERANT OR REFRIGERANT BLENDS
Compositions, systems and methods for introducing lubricants, and additives, that are designed to work with environmentally friendly refrigerants into vehicle heat management systems including passenger compartment air conditioning (A/C) systems are disclosed. Methods for charging lubricants and specific additives using environmentally desirable (low GWP) refrigerant or refrigerant blend compositions into an environmentally friendly system, such as a system that uses HFO-1234yf, are also disclosed.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
42.
COMPOSITIONS, SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR INTRODUCING POE LUBRICANT INTO AN ELECTRIC (HEV, PHEV, EV) AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITIONING/HEATING SYSTEM OR STATIONARY AIR-CONDITIONING/HEATING SYSTEM OR STATIONARY REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING LOWER OR LOW GWP REFRIGERANT OR REFRIGERANT BLENDS
Compositions, systems and methods for introducing lubricants, and additives, that are designed to work with environmentally friendly refrigerants into vehicle heat management systems including passenger compartment air conditioning (A/C) systems are disclosed. Methods for charging lubricants and specific additives using environmentally desirable (low GWP) refrigerant or refrigerant blend compositions into an environmentally friendly system, such as a system that uses HFO-1234yf, are also disclosed.
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
43.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING 1,1,3-TRICHLORO-4,4,4-TRIFLUOROBUT-1-ENE VIA CATALYSIS IN THE ABSENCE OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HF)
The present application provides processes for preparing 1,1,3-trichloro-4,4,4- trifluorobut-1-ene from 2,4,4,4-tetrachloro-1,1,1-trifluorobutane in the vapor phase or in the liquid phase using a first metal catalyst. The process may further comprise preparing (E)- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- butene from 1,1,3-trichloro-4,4,4-trifluorobut-1-ene using a second metal catalyst. (E)- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene may be useful in applications including refrigerants, high- temperature heat pumps, organic Rankine cycles, as fire extinguishing/fire suppression agents, propellants, foam blowing agents, solvents, and/or cleaning fluids.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/278 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-32, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions are match cooling performance for R-32 with GWP less than 400 or less than 300.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
45.
COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING DIFLUOROMETHANE, TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, AND CARBON DIOXIDE AND USES THEREOF
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions match cooling capacity for R-410A within ±10% with GWP less than 400 or less than 300.
This invention relates to processes of preparing thermoplastic foams comprising HFO-1336mzz(E). An exemplary process comprises preparing a thermoplastic foam comprising HFO-1336mzz(E) in the presence of a blowing agent which is HFO- 1336mzz(Z) and a co-blowing agent, wherein polymer is heated to a temperature sufficient to isomerize at least a portion of the HFO-1336mzz(Z) to the HFO~ 1336mzz(E). Thermoplastic foams and foamable compositions comprising HFO- 1336mzz(E) are also provided.
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
47.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE
The present application is directed to processes and intermediates for preparing (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, in particular to processes for preparing the intermediate (Z)-2-chloro- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene by reaction with hydrofluoric acid in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. The present application further provides compositions prepared according to one or more of the processes described herein and methods of using the compositions.
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
A process is provided for preparing a thermoplastic polymer foam, comprising providing a foamable composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a blowing agent, wherein the blowing agent comprises from 10% to 60% by weight Z-1,1,1, 4,4,4- hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-HFO-1336mzz) and from 40% to 90% by weight 1,1- difluoroethane (HFC-152a), and wherein said thermoplastic polymer comprises polystyrene homopolymer, a polystyrene copolymer, styrene- acrylonitrile copolymer, or blends thereof, and expanding said foamable composition to produce a closed cell, smooth skin polymer foam having a density of less than 42 kg/ m3. Also disclosed is a thermoplastic polymer foam composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polystyrene homopolymer, a polystyrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, or blends thereof, defining a plurality of cells having an average cell size, and a blowing agent comprising from 10% to 60% by weight Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z- HFO-1336mzz) and from 40% to 90% by weight 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), having a density of less than 42kg/m2, according to ISO method 845-85, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a melt flow rate of less than 25 g/10 mm.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08L 25/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
49.
LIGHT PROTECTION PACKAGE INCLUDING MONOLAYER CONTAINER AND MONOLAYER CLOSURE
A new light protective package which includes a monolayer container and a removable and re-sealable monolayer closure, wherein both the monolayer container and the monolayer closure have an LPF value of at least about 20.
B65D 81/30 - Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants by excluding light or other outside radiation
50.
COMPOSITIONS AND USES OF TRANS-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE
Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez; mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2; and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
H01B 3/24 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils containing halogen in the molecules, e.g. halogenated oils
A new light protective rigid monolayer package which includes TiO2 particles, at least one color pigment selected from black and yellow, and a polymer. The light protective rigid monolayer package can have an LPF value of at least about 20.
C08K 3/013 - Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
B65D 81/30 - Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants by excluding light or other outside radiation
B65D 85/80 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials for milk
According to one embodiment of the present invention, predominantly closed cell polymer foams are provided which comprise less than 13.5% Z-1336mzz, carbon dioxide and one or more of methyl formate, methylal and trans-dichloroethylene and has a k factor of less than 0.147 BTU-in / hr-ft2-F. The cellular polymer foam is foamed polyurethane or foamed polyisocyanurate, depending on the identity of the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing compound reactants and their relative amounts. "Active hydrogen" means that the hydrogen is reactive with the isocyanate of the polyisocyanate reactant. The active hydrogen-containing compound contains at least two groups that contain active hydrogen (atoms) that is reactive with isocyanate. The polyurethane and polyisocyanurate reaction products (foamed) resulting from the process of the present invention are polymers. The reaction product can be a mixture of these polymers.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
53.
BLOWING AGENTS FOR FOAMING THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPRISING POLYSTYRENE
A process is provided comprising extruding a molten composition comprising thermoplastic polymer comprising polystyrene and blowing agent comprising either HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) or E-HFO-1336mzz (E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene) under the conditions (a) said composition being formed by melt mixing at a temperature of at least 180°C, (b) said melt mixing being carried out under a pressure of at least 2500 psi (172 Bar), (c) said extruding being carried out at a temperature of at least 120°C, and (d) said extruding being carried out under a pressure of at least 1250 psi (86 Bar), and obtaining as a result thereof a closed cell, smooth skin, low density foamed thermoplastic polymer comprising polystyrene, the foamed product thereby being free of macovoids and blowholes.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The present invention is a process for foaming thermoplastic polymer comprising polystyrene, said process comprising forming a molten foamable composition comprising said thermoplastic polymer, block copolymer, and blowing agent comprising at least one of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4 hexafluoro-2-butene and E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and expanding said foamable composition to obtain as a result thereof foamed thermoplastic polymer, the process being preferably carried out by extruding the composition in molten form, whereupon the foaming of the thermoplastic polymer occurs.
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08L 25/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
C08L 53/00 - Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
55.
Z-HFO-1336MZZ BLOWING AGENT FOR FOAMING THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPRISING POLYSTYRENE
A process is provided comprising extruding a molten composition comprising thermoplastic polymer comprising polystyrene and blowing agent comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z- HFO-1336mzz) under the conditions (a) said molten composition being formed by melt mixing at a temperature of at least 180°C, (b) said melt mixing being carried out under a pressure of at least 1500 psi (103 bar), (c) said extruding being carried out at a temperature of at least 120°C, and (d) said extruding being carried out under a pressure of at least 1000 psi (69 bar), said conditions being effective to produce closed cell, smooth skin, low density foamed thermoplastic polymer comprising polystyrene in the absence of any co-blowing agent.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08L 25/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
A process is provided for converting heat energy from a heat source to mechanical work or electricity by utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. The process comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to generate mechanical work. Also provided is an organic Rankine power cycle system utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. Further provided is a method of replacing the working fluid of an Organic Rankine Power Cycle System designed and configured to utilize a working fluid comprising HFC-245fa with a working fluid comprising of a perfluoroheptene.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
57.
USE OF Z-HFO-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE FOAMING APPLICATION
The present invention provides a process comprising reacting polyisocyanate with active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a temperature of at least 135°F(57.2°C) or a temperature of 135°F(57.2°C) to 150°F(65.6°C) to obtain as a result thereof, foamed reaction product, wherein the thermal conductivity of the foamed reaction product exhibits no appreciable change at any of the foaming temperatures within this range.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
58.
FOAMING OF POLYISOCYANATE/ACTIVE HYDROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUND REACTION PRODUCT
A composition is provided comprising 55 to 75 wt% Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and 45 to 25 wt% E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, based on the combined weight of these isomers totaling 100 wt%, along with a process comprising forming a foamed reaction product by reacting a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen-containing compound such as a polyol in the presence of this composition as a blowing agent to obtain the foamed reaction product, such as a polyurethane or a polyisocyanurate.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A new light protective package including a monolayer which includes treated ?iO2 particles at high concentration levels of 6 wt% or higher of the monolayer, more preferably greater than 7 wt% of the monolayer, even more preferably greater than 8 wt. % of the monolayer, wherein the monolayer protects the food within the package from both light and physical damage. The monolayer has superior light protection properties while maintaining mechanical properties. The monolayer has a light protection factor ("LPF") value of greater than 25, preferably greater than 30, more preferably greater than 40 or even more preferably greater than 50. The treated TiO2 material can be dispersed and processed in package production processes by use of incorporation with a masterbatch, and preferably processed into a package using blow molding methods.
B65D 81/24 - Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
B32B 27/20 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
B65D 85/72 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials
B65D 85/80 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials for milk
A method is provided for converting heat from a heat source to mechanical energy. The method comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to lower pressure of the working fluid and generating mechanical energy as the pressure of the working fluid is lowered. The method is characterized by using a working fluid comprising (2E)-1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene (HFO-153-10mzzy). Also provided is a power cycle apparatus. The apparatus is characterized by containing a working fluid comprising HFO-153-10mzzy.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F01K 7/32 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or over-critical pressure
F01K 25/00 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
62.
USE OF (2E)-1,1,1,4,5,5,5-HEPTAFLUORO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PENT-2-ENE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT PUMPS
A method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump having a heat exchanger is provided. The method comprises extracting heat from a working fluid, thereby producing a cooled working fluid wherein said working fluid comprises (2E)-1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene ("HFO-153-10mzzy"). Also, a high temperature heat pump apparatus is provided containing a working fluid comprising HFO-153-10mzzy. Also a composition is provided comprising (i) a working fluid consisting essentially of HFO-153-10mzzy; and (ii) a stabilizer to prevent degradation at temperatures of 55C or above, or (iii) a lubricant suitable for use at 55C or above, or both (ii) and (iii).
The present invention is based on a surprising discovery of new packaging materials used to package substances, such as foods, preventing the photo-oxidation of entities found in these substances. Specifically, these new packaging materials include a mixture of polymer resins having novel and specific ratios of filler, preferably calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide resulting in the material having unexpected properties.
A non-flammable refrigerant mixture is disclosed. The non-flammable refrigerant mixture may include from 20 weight percent to 25.5 weight percent HFO-1234yf, (b) from 20 weight percent to 24.5 weight percent HFC-32, (c) from 24.5 weight percent to 30 weight percent HFC-125, (d) from 25.5 weight percent to 30 weight percent HFC-134a, and optionally (e) from about 0.0001 weight percent to 10 weight percent trans-HFO-1234ze. These refrigerant mixtures are useful as components in compositions also containing non-refrigerant components (e.g., lubricants), in processes to produce cooling, in methods for replacing refrigerants R-404A, R-507, R-407A, R-407C, R-407F and/or R-22, and in refrigeration apparatuses.
A method for converting heat from a heat source to mechanical energy is provided. The method comprises heating a working fluid E-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene and at least one compound selected from 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to lower the pressure of the working fluid and generate mechanical energy as the pressure of the working fluid is lowered. Additionally, a power cycle apparatus containing a working fluid to convert heat to mechanical energy is provided. The apparatus contains a working fluid comprising E-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene and at least one compound selected from 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane. A working fluid is provided comprising an azeotropic or azeotrope-like combination of E- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane.
In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The refrigerant compositions contain comprise 11-28 weight percent difluoromethane; 34-59 weight percent pentafluoroethane; and 21-38 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The refrigerant compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-404A or R-507A, and in refrigeration systems. These inventive refrigerant compositions can be used in stationary and mobile refrigeration equipment, and are particularly useful for transport refrigeration units.
Disclosed herein is a composition comprising (a) from 1 to 29 weight percent difluoromethane; (b) from 1 to 19 weight percent pentafluoroethane; (c) from 9 to 42 weight percent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, or a mixture thereof; and (d) from 34 to 68 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or mixture thereof; wherein when the composition contains 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the composition also contains at least some 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; wherein the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is at most 1.5:1; and wherein the ratio of component (c) to component (d) is at least 0.04:1. The compositions are useful in methods for producing cooling and heating, methods for producing air conditioning, methods for replacing HCFC-22, R-410A, R-407C, HFC-134a, CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HCFC-124 and in heat transfer systems including heat pumps and air conditioners.
This disclosure relates to a process for treating a tailings stream comprising water, solids, and optionally polyacrylamide. The process involves (a) contacting the tailings stream with a silicate source for a pre-determined period of time to form a mixture; b) after the pre-determined period of time, contacting the mixture with an activator to initiate gel formation, wherein the gel entraps the solids within the gel; and c) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify; wherein the gel formation is delayed compared with a non-delayed process.
A laminate is provided comprising a metal substrate and a fluoropolymer layer adhered directly to said metal substrate, said fluoropolymer layer having a recrystallized region at the interface with said metal substrate, the preferred laminate being an electrical cable wherein the metal substrate is an electrical conductor and the fluoropolymer layer is the electrical insulation of the conductor and wherein the opposite surface of the electrical insulation is not recrystallized.
B32B 15/082 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin comprising acrylic resins
C09J 5/06 - Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
H01B 3/44 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes acrylic resins
70.
DECOR PAPER HAVING IMPROVED OPTICAL PERFORMANCE COMPRISING TREATED INORGANIC PARTICLES
The disclosure provides a a décor paper prepared from a dispersion having improved optical performance without negatively impacting mechanical strength, wherein the dispersion comprises a TiO2 particle slurry comprising a treated TiO2 particle having a surface area of at least about 30 m2/g, and a cationic polymer; wherein the treatment comprises an oxide of silicon, aluminum, phosphorus or mixtures thereof; and the treatment is present in the amount of at least 15% based on the total weight of the treated titanium dioxide particle; paper pulp; and a cationic polymer; wherein the cationic polymer in the slurry and the cationic polymer in the dispersion are compatible; wherein for equal optical performance, the amount of treated TiO2 particle in the dispersion is reduced by about 10% when compared to a dispersion not comprising the treated TiO2 particle of (a). These decor papers are useful in preparing paper laminates.
D21H 27/26 - Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures
B32B 29/00 - Layered products essentially comprising paper or cardboard
D21H 17/44 - Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
D21H 17/67 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
The disclosure provides self-dispersing pigment having an isoelectric point of at least about 8 comprising an inorganic particle, and in particular a titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment, treated sequentially by: hydrolyzing an aluminum compound or basic aluminate to deposit a hydrous alumina surface; and adding a dual-functional compound comprising an anchoring group that attaches the dual-functional compound to the pigment surface, and a basic amine group comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. These self-dispersing pigments are useful in making décor paper that may be used in paper laminates.
C09C 3/08 - Treatment with low-molecular-weight organic compounds
D21H 17/67 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
D21H 27/26 - Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures
The disclosure provides paper laminate comprising a decor paper, wherein the decor paper comprises a self-dispersing pigment having an isoelectric point of at least about 8, comprising an inorganic particle treated sequentially by (a) hydrolyzing an aluminum compound or basic aluminate to deposit a hydrous alumina surface; and (b) adding a dual-functional compound comprising an anchoring group that attaches the dual-functional compound to the pigment surface, and a basic amine group comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. The paper laminate further comprises Kraft paper.
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
The disclosure provides a process for preparing a self-dispersing pigment having an isoelectric point of at least about 8 comprising: (a) adding a dual functional compound with an acidic aluminum salt to form an aqueous solution, wherein the dual functional compound comprises an anchoring group that attaches the dual-functional compound to the pigment surface, and a basic amine group comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine; (b) adding a base to the mixture from step (a) whereby the pH is raised to about 4 to about 9 to form a turbid solution; and (c) adding the mixture from step (b) to a slurry of inorganic particles whereby a hydrous alumina and the dual functional compound are deposited on the pigment surface. The self-dispersing pigments prepared by this process are useful in making décor paper that may be used in paper laminates.
C09C 3/08 - Treatment with low-molecular-weight organic compounds
D21H 17/67 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
D21H 27/26 - Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures
The disclosure provides décor paper comprising a self-dispersing pigment having an isoelectric point of at least about 8, comprising an inorganic particle treated sequentially by (a) hydrolyzing an aluminum compound or basic aluminate to deposit a hydrous alumina surface and (b) adding a dual-functional compound comprising: an anchoring group that attaches the dual-functional compound to the pigment surface, and a basic amine group comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Typically, the inorganic particle is titanium dioxide, TiO2. These décor papers comprising the self-dispersing pigments are useful in making paper laminates.
D21H 17/67 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
75.
USE OF E-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE IN HEAT PUMPS
Disclosed is a method for producing heating in a heat pump that involves extracting heat from a working fluid comprising E-HFO-1336mzz, in a heat exchanger, thereby producing a cooled working fluid. Also disclosed is a method for producing heating in a heat pump wherein heat is exchanged between at least two cascade stages. Also disclosed is a heat pump apparatus including a working fluid heater, compressor, working fluid cooler and expansion device and said apparatus contains a working fluid comprising E-HFO-1336mzz. Also disclosed is a method for replacing CFC-114, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, HCFC-124, HFC-134a, CFC-12 working fluid in a heat pump designed for said working fluid that involves providing a replacement working fluid comprising E-HFO-1336mzz. Also disclosed is a composition containing (i) a working fluid consisting essentially of E-HFO-1336mzz; and (ii) a stabilizer; or (iii) a lubricant; or both (ii) and (iii).
F25B 1/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
76.
TREATMENT OF TAILINGS WITH DEIONIZED SILICATE SOLUTIONS
A process for treating a tailings stream comprises (a) contacting a deionized silicate solution with a tailings stream whereby the solids are entrapped within a gel produced from the silicate solution; and (b) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify. The process may further comprise spreading the gel produced in step (a) over a surface. The present invention is particularly useful to treat tailings streams produced in processes to extract bitumen from oil sands ores.
This invention provides methods and apparatus for quantification of photoprotective performance of packaging concepts in an accelerated timeframe. In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a light source which provides a light beam that impinges upon a photoprotective material before being transmitted to a sample cell comprising a photosensitive entity, such as a photosensitive nutrient. In certain embodiments, the apparatus and methods can be used to generate models for the prediction of photoprotective performance values of untested materials based upon some other known qualitative or quantitative property.
This invention provides methods for quantification of photoprotective performance of packaging concepts in an accelerated timeframe. The methods can be used to generate models for the prediction of photoprotective performance values of untested materials based upon some other known qualitative or quantitative property. The methods use a light source which provides a light beam that impinges upon a photoprotective material (28) before being transmitted to a sample cell (44) comprising a photosensitive entity, such as a photosensitive nutrient.
The disclosure provides a paper laminate comprising a décor paper prepared from a dispersion having improved optical performance without negatively impacting mechanical strength, wherein the dispersion comprises a TiO2 particle slurry comprising a treated TiO2 particle having a surface area of at least about 30 m2/g, and a cationic polymer; wherein the treatment comprises an oxide of silicon, aluminum, phosphorus or mixtures thereof; and the treatment is present in the amount of at least 15% based on the total weight of the treated titanium dioxide particle; paper pulp; and a cationic polymer; wherein the cationic polymer in the slurry and the cationic polymer in the dispersion are compatible; wherein for equal optical performance, the amount of treated TiO2 particle in the dispersion is reduced by about 10% when compared to a dispersion not comprising the treated TiO2 particle of (a).
D21H 27/26 - Structures being applied on the surface by special manufacturing processes, e.g. in presses characterised by the overlay sheet or the top layers of the structures
B32B 29/00 - Layered products essentially comprising paper or cardboard
D21H 17/44 - Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
D21H 17/67 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments
D21H 17/69 - Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers or pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
This disclosure relates to a process for preparing a treated inorganic core particle having improved dispersability comprising: (a) heating a slurry comprising porous silica treated inorganic core particle and water at a temperature of at least about 90C; and (b) adding a soluble alumina source to the slurry from step (a) while maintaining the pH at about 8.0 to 9.5 to form an alumina treatment on the porous silica treated inorganic core particle; wherein the treated inorganic core particle does not comprise dense silica or alumina treatments, and has silica present in the amount of at least about 7% up to about 14% and alumina present in the amount of about 4.0% to about 8.0%; and wherein the particle to particle surface treatments are substantially homogeneous.
The disclosure provides a coating composition comprising a treated inorganic core particle, having improved dispersability, prepared by a process comprising: heating a slurry comprising porous silica treated inorganic core particle and water at a temperature of at least about 90C, more typically about 93 to about 97C, still more typically about 95 to about 97C; and adding a soluble alumina source to the slurry while maintaining the pH at about 8.0 to 9.5 to form an alumina treatment on the porous silica treated inorganic core particle; wherein the treated inorganic core particle does not comprise dense silica or alumina treatments, and has silica present in the amount of about 7% to about 14% and alumina present in the amount of about 4.0% to about 8.0%; and wherein the particle to particle surface treatments are substantially homogeneous.
Azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media. Also disclosed is a process of extinguishing or suppressing a fire by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as dielectrics.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
Disclosed herein is a method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump comprising condensing a vapor working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, in a condenser, thereby producing a liquid working fluid. Also disclosed herein is a method of raising the maximum feasible condenser operating temperature in a high temperature heat pump apparatus comprising charging the high temperature heat pump with a working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. Also disclosed herein is a composition comprising: (a) Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene; (b) 2-chloropropane; and (c) at least one lubricant suitable for use at a temperature of at least about 150°C; wherein the 2-chloropropane is present in an amount effective to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like combination with the Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. Also disclosed herein is a high temperature heat pump apparatus containing a working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.
Disclosed herein is a method for producing heating comprising condensing a vapor working fluid comprising (a) E-CF3CH=CHF and (b) at least one tetrafluoroethane of the formula C2H2F4, in a condenser, thereby producing a liquid working fluid; provided that the weight ratio of E-CF3CH=CHF to the total amount of E-CF3CH=CHF and C2H2F4 in the working fluid is from about 0.01 to 0.99. Also disclosed herein is a heat pump apparatus containing a working fluid comprising (a) E-CF3CH=CHF and (b) at least one tetrafluoroethane of the formula C2H2F4; provided that the weight ratio of E-CF3CH=CHF to the total amount of E-CF3CH=CHF and C2H2F4 in the working fluid is from about 0.01 to 0.99. Also disclosed herein is a method for raising the maximum feasible condenser operating temperature in a heat pump apparatus suitable for use with HFC-134a working fluid relative to the maximum condenser operating temperature when HFC-134a is used as the heat pump working fluid, comprising charging the heat pump with a working fluid comprising (a) E-CF3CH=CHF and (b) at least one tetrafluoroethane of the formula C2H2F4; provided that the weight ratio of E-CF3CH=CHF to the total amount of E-CF3CH=CHF and C2H2F4 is from about 0.01 to 0.99. Also disclosed herein is a method for replacing HFC-134a refrigerant in a heat pump designed for HFC-134a comprising providing a replacement working fluid comprising (a) E-CF3CH=CHF and (b) at least one tetrafluoroethane of the formula C2H2F4; provided that the weight ratio of E-CF3CH=CHF to the total amount of E-CF3CH=CHF and C2H2F4 is from about 0.01 to 0.99. Also disclosed herein is a composition comprising from about 10 weight percent to about 40 weight percent E-CF3CH=CHF and from about 90 weight percent to about 60 weight percent CHF2CHF2.
This disclosure relates to ink composition, having a viscosity of 0.02-13 Poise, comprising an inorganic pigment surface treated with alumina and at least one silicon based surface treatment selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane and polysiloxane block polymer to form a treated inorganic pigment, wherein the silicon based surface treatment is present in the amount of about 0.3 to about 1%, based on the total weight of the treated inorganic pigment; a binder resin having a glass transition temperature of less than 50 °C, and comprising at least one adhesion promoting group; and a solvent based ink vehicle having the following solubility parameters using the MPa1/2 units: dd of greater than about 15.9, a dp of less than about 9.1 and a dh of less than about 12.1. These inks have enhanced gloss and lower viscosity characteristics.
A coating composition is provided comprising (a) an aqueous medium, (b) melt - fabricable perfluoropolymer dispersed in said aqueous medium and having a melting temperature of at least 290°C, (c) melt - fabricable perfluoropolymer dispersed in said aqueous medium and having a melting temperature of no greater than 270 °C, and (d) water miscible organic liquid having a boiling temperature of at least 280°C and optionally (e) filler, the combination of (c) and (d) providing sloughing resistance to said composition applied to a non-horizontal substrate and baked, component (d) being unnecessary when component (a) is not present in the coating composition, and when filler is present, (c) being present in an effective amount to increase the cohesive strength of the baked layer of the coating composition.
Disclosed herein is a chiller apparatus containing a composition comprising from about 6 to about 70 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 30 to about 94 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising from about 58.0 to about 59.5 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 42.0 to about 40.5 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising from about 54.0 to about 56.0 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 46.0 to about 44.0 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Also disclosed herein is a composition comprising a refrigerant consisting essentially of from about 58.0 to about 59.5 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 42.0 to about 40.5 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Also disclosed herein is a composition comprising a refrigerant consisting essentially of from about 54.0 to about 56.0 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 46.0 to about 44.0 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Also disclosed herein is a method for producing cooling in a chiller. The method comprises (a) evaporating a liquid refrigerant comprising from about 6 to 70 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 30 to 94 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in an evaporator having a heat transfer medium passing therethrough thereby producing a vapor refrigerant; and (b) compressing the vapor refrigerant in a compressor, wherein the volumetric cooling capacity of the refrigerant is greater than the individual volumetric cooling capacities of both 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane alone. Also disclosed herein is a method for replacing a refrigerant in a chiller designed for using HFC-134a or CFC-12 as refrigerant, comprising charging said chiller with a composition comprising a refrigerant consisting essentially of from about 6 to 70 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 30 to 94 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane thereby increasing the cooling capacity of the chiller.
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
89.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3, 3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
90.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3, 3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
91.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
ABSTRACT The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-07-28
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
92.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
93.
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE, 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLOROPROPENE, 2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, OR 2-CHLORO-1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPANE
ABSTRACT The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-09-02
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, fire suppression, fire extinguishing agents, as power cycle working fluids and in methods for replacing HFC-134a, R410A, \R404A, or R507.
The invention relates to a process for treating a water stream produced in the recovery of heavy oil from geological formations comprising. The process includes a) injecting steam underground into a geological formation containing hydrocarbons and establishing a steam chamber; b) transferring heat from the steam chamber to the formation and mobilizing hydrocarbons for extraction from the formation; c) extracting the mobilized hydrocarbons from the formation and the hydrocarbons forming an emulsion with a portion of condensed water formed from the steam; d) separating mobilized hydrocarbons as a heavy oil product from the hydrocarbon-water emulsion to produce a water stream containing foulants that include residual hydrocarbons and solids; e) passing the water stream through a heat exchange unit comprising at least one tube wherein said the tube has a multi-layer coating comprising a melt flowable copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene adhered to the interior surface or exterior surface of said the tube; and f) removing said foulants from the water stream while altering the temperature of the water stream as the water stream passes through the heat exchange unit; wherein the multi-layer coating provides an anti-stick surface that reduces the deposition of foulants, on the interior or exterior surface of the tube as compared to the surface of the tube without the multi-layer coating being present, so as to avoid loss of efficiency in heat transfer and pluggage of the heat exchange unit.
C02F 5/08 - Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
C02F 5/00 - Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
96.
CHILLER APPARATUS CONTAINING TRANS-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE AND METHODS OF PRODUCING COOLING THEREIN
Disclosed herein is a chiller apparatus containing refrigerant characterized by said refrigerant being HFO-1336mzz that is trans isomer or primarily trans isomer. These chillers may be flooded evaporators or direct expansion evaporators, which utilize either centrifugal or screw compressors. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing cooling comprising evaporating trans-HFO-1336mzz in an evaporator in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, thereby producing cooling. Also disclosed herein is a method for replacing HFC-236fa or CFC-114 refrigerant in a chiller apparatus, said method comprising providing HFO-1336mzz to said chiller apparatus in place of the replaced refrigerant; wherein said HFO-1336mzz is trans isomer or primarily trans isomer.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
97.
COMPOSITION COMPRISING CIS-1,1,1,4,4,4-HEXAFLUORO-2-BUTENE AND TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE, APPARATUS CONTAINING SAME AND METHODS OF PRODUCING COOLING THEREIN
Disclosed herein is an air conditioning or refrigeration apparatus, and in particular, a chiller apparatus containing a composition comprising 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and 1,2-dichloroethylene, wherein the 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is cis isomer or primarily cis isomer and wherein the 1,2-dichloroethylene is trans isomer or primarily trans isomer. These chillers may be flooded evaporators or direct expansion evaporators, which utilize centrifugal compressors. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing cooling comprising evaporating a composition comprising cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, wherein the cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is present at 50 to about 60 weight percent.
Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like composi-tions are mixtures of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene with ethanol, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, methanol, E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene, 2-bromo-3,3,3-tri-fluoropropene, methyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, n--hexane or 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like composi-tions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotropic or azeotrope--like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media. Also disclosed is a process of extinguish-ing or suppressing a fire by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as dielectrics.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
A62D 1/00 - Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A process for the production of sodium cyanide crystals comprising; (a) contacting impure hydrogen cyanide and sodium hydroxide in a reactor with mixing for a maximum contact time of about 5 seconds; (b) feeding the resulting mixture to a continuous evaporative crystallizer to produce a slurry of sodium cyanide crystals; (c) passing the slurry of sodium cyanide crystals from the crystallizer over a hot surface to precipitate onto the surface and remove sodium carbonate, and passing said slurry back to the crystallizer; and (d) separating the sodium cyanide crystals from the slurry.
Boron based catalysts and processes for preparing the catalysts are provided. The catalysts are suitable for the alkoxylation of alcohols using alkylene epoxides.
B01J 31/26 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups
B01J 31/14 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
patents
