Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for solving problems. Examples of problems include, but are not limited to, maximum clique problems.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06E 3/00 - Devices not provided for in group , e.g. for processing analogue or hybrid data
• G06F 17/13 - Differential equations
• G06F 17/16 - Matrix or vector computation
• G16C 20/70 - Machine learning, data mining or chemometrics

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to provide an evaluation method and evaluation device for simply determining whether structural parameters of a multicore fiber satisfy a desired connection loss value (specification). In an evaluation method according to this invention, the coordinates, in an observed cross sectional structure of a multicore fiber, of the centers of each core are measured with the origin being the coordinates of the center of a circle approximating the cladding. The lengths of the line segments connecting the origin and the centers of each core and the angles between pairs of line segments connecting the origin and pairs of adjacent cores are determined, and on the basis of whether these values satisfy a prescribed determination formula, a determination is made as to whether the multicore fiber satisfies a desired connection loss characteristic.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for

Abstract

This optical fiber cable comprises a sheath, and a core having a plurality of optical fibers housed in an intertwisted state in a housing space inside the sheath. Each of the plurality of optical fibers has a glass part, a primary layer covering the glass part, and a secondary layer covering the primary layer, the value of an index Q is less than 20, and core wire drawing force when the optical fiber is drawn out is 15 N/10 m or more.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
• G02B 6/43 - Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections

Abstract

An optical cable according to the present disclosure includes: a plurality of optical fiber units each having a fiber group formed by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fiber units are twisted in an S-Z configuration, at least one optical fiber unit of the plurality of optical fiber units has a filling, and the filling is wrapped around an outer circumference of the fiber group.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

This semiconductor IQ optical modulator has phase modulation units that are constituted by a differential-capacitive-load-type progressive-wave electrode structure based on an SS track configuration, wherein: the phase modulation units between adjacent channels are separated by 400 µm or more; the distance between the main signal lines of the capacitive-load structure is 60 µm or less; a DC phase adjustment electrode and a PAD are provided between the phase modulation units on the I side and the Q side; the DC phase adjustment electrode is separated at least 80 µm from the signal line of a phase adjustment section; and the crosstalk characteristic between adjacent channels is -30 dB or less in the required frequency band.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

A semiconductor optical modulator in which a radio frequency (RF) line which is disposed parallel to an optical waveguide and has a differential line for transmitting an RF modulation signal, a connecting pad which is formed in the same direction continuously with the RF line, and a termination resistor which has two rectangular resistors for differentially terminating the RF modulation signal from the connecting pad are linearly disposed, and terminated on-chip, and the RF line which forms a differential pair immediately after passing through the termination resistor is short-circuited.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/015 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction

Abstract

This resource management device (1) is characterized by comprising: selection units (12, 13) that select a plurality of best practice resources; a design unit (14) that generates a blueprint for designing a system using the selected resources; and an orchestrator unit (15) that, with respect to the designed system, executes orchestration in accordance with the generated blueprint .

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 8/60 - Software deployment
• G06F 9/455 - Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
• G06F 9/50 - Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]

Abstract

This resource management device (1) is characterized by being provided with: a determination unit (16) for determining, on the basis of external information, whether to change the design of a system that provides a service; selection units (12, 13) that, when a change is to be made, select a plurality of resources capable of exchanging data in accordance with a data model specifying relations between the resources, which are arranged in multiple layers; a design unit (14) for using the selected resources to generate a blueprint for changing the design of the system; and an orchestrator unit (15) for carrying out orchestration with respect to the design-changed system in accordance with the generated blueprint.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 8/60 - Software deployment
• G06F 9/455 - Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
• G06F 9/50 - Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]

Abstract

Provided is a high-speed optical transmission¬ reception apparatus including a digital-signal processing circuit and optical modulation and optical reception modules, in which a flexible printed circuit is used as a high-frequency interface for the optical modulation and optical reception modules, a mechanism for connecting the high-frequency line pattern to the flexible printed circuit is provided on a package substrate of the digital-signal processing circuit, and the package substrate and the optical modulation and optical reception modules are connected by the flexible printed circuit.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/40 - Transceivers
• G02F 1/21 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference

Abstract

This wearable environmental sensor (100) is characterized in that: the wearable environmental sensor comprises an environmental sensor (102) that is disposed on an environment-touching wall surface of a housing (101) comprising a sealed part (104), and a protective structure (105) formed around the environmental sensor; the protective structure comprises a plurality of ventilation holes (106); a sensor surface of the environmental sensor is disposed so as to face the opening of at least one ventilation hole; and the part of the environmental sensor attached to the wall surface only touches the wall surface at part of the rear surface and an end part of a sensor substrate of the environmental sensor. As a result, this wearable environmental sensor (100) is capable of simply, stably, and highly accurately measuring temperature, humidity, and environment information.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01D 21/00 - Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
• A61B 5/11 - Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
• G01K 1/08 - Protective devices, e.g. casings
• G01K 1/14 - Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
• G01W 1/00 - Meteorology
• G01W 1/11 - Devices for indicating atmospheric humidity

Abstract

According to the present invention, in a given ? waveguide, a low-loss curved waveguide is achieved while keeping the bending radius small. An optical waveguide, in which a first waveguide (501) and a second waveguide (503) are connected, is provided with a clothoid taper curved waveguide (502) which is inserted between the first waveguide (501) and the second waveguide (503), wherein: the waveguide width continuously changes from a first waveguide width at the connection point of the first waveguide to a second waveguide width at the connection point of the second waveguide; the bending radius continuously changes from a first bending radius at the connection point of the first waveguide to a second bending radius at the connection point of the second waveguide; the first waveguide width and the second waveguide width are different from each other; and the first bending radius and the second bending radius are different from each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/125 - Bends, branchings or intersections

Abstract

A high-frequency line structure (10) according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a high-frequency line substrate (111); ground lead pins (122) fixed to a ground end provided on the bottom surface of the high-frequency line substrate; and signal lead pins (132) fixed to a signal line end provided on the bottom surface of the high-frequency line substrate, wherein the signal lead pins (132) are disposed between the ground lead pins (122), the signal lead pins (132) have a flip-up structure that flips up from the horizontal plane to which the bottom surfaces of the ground lead pins (122) belong, toward the direction in which the high-frequency line substrate is disposed, and the flip-up heights of the plurality of signal lead pins (132) in the flip-up structure are substantially the same. Thereby, the high frequency line structure (10) of the present invention can reduce crosstalk in a wide band and can provide excellent high frequency characteristics.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 1/04 - Fixed joints
• H01R 11/01 - Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between their connecting locations
• H05K 1/18 - Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components

Abstract

A wearable sensor device (100) is provided with: a temperature/humidity sensor (9) for measuring environmental information in the vicinity of a living body; snap buttons (10a, 10b) connected to bioelectrodes; a biological information measurement unit (3) for measuring biological information; an inertial sensor (4) for measuring inertial information; a computation unit (5) for calculating a biological feature amount on the basis of the biological information and calculating an inertial feature amount on the basis of the inertial information; and a wireless communication unit (6) for transmitting the biological information, the inertial information, the biological feature amount, the inertial feature amount, and the environmental information to the outside. The biological information measurement unit (3), the inertial sensor (4), the computation unit (5), and the wireless communication unit (6) are disposed within a sealed casing (1). The temperature/humidity sensor (9) is disposed on the outer wall surface of the casing (1) or disposed away from the outer wall surface. The snap buttons (10a, 10b) are partially exposed to the outside of the casing (1) to allow connection to the bioelectrodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes ; Identification of persons
• A61B 5/24 - Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• A61B 5/11 - Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
• H04W 80/06 - Transport layer protocols, e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless
• H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Abstract

A wearable sensor device (100) is provided with a temperature/humidity sensor (2) that measures environmental information in the vicinity of a living body. The temperature/humidity sensor (2) is installed in such a manner as to, when the wearable sensor device (100) is worn by the living body and the living body is in a standing posture, be mounted on or separately from an outer wall surface of a casing (1) thereof, the wall surface facing left/right or obliquely downward of the living body.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01K 7/00 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat
• G01N 27/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means

Abstract

A wearable environment sensor device (100) comprises: a temperature and humidity sensor (2) that is disposed on the environment-contacting wall surface of a housing (1) and measures information about the environment near a living body and a protective structure (1c) formed around the temperature and humidity sensor (2). The temperature and humidity sensor (2) is disposed, directly or via a support structure, on the environment-contacting wall surface of the housing (1) approximately downward from the living body when the wearable environment sensor device (100) is being worn by the living body and the living body is in a standing posture. The protective structure (1c) has ventilation holes (10-1, 10-3, 10-4) in two or more opposing surfaces facing directions other than the vertical direction of the living body when the wearable environment sensor device (100) is being worn by the living body and the living body is in a standing posture.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01K 7/00 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat
• G01N 27/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means

Abstract

In the present invention, a high-frequency line substrate (2-1) is mounted on a printed board (2-2). The printed board (2-2) is provided with a first high-frequency line. The high-frequency line substrate (2-1) is provided with a second high-frequency line, and lead pins (2-1-2a, 2-1-2b, 2-1-3a, 2-1-3b) which connect the first high-frequency line and the second high-frequency line. In an abutting section between signal lead pins (2-1-3a, 2-1-3b) and the second high-frequency line of the high-frequency line substrate (2-1), and in an abutting section between ground lead pins (2-1-2a, 2-1-2b) and the second high-frequency line of the high-frequency line substrate (2-1), the heights of the ground lead pins (2-1-2a, 2-1-2b) from the upper surface of the printed board (2-2) are greater than the heights of the signal lead pins (2-1-3a, 2-1-3b).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 1/04 - Fixed joints
• H01L 21/768 - Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device
• H01L 23/522 - Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
• H01R 11/01 - Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between their connecting locations
• H05K 1/14 - Structural association of two or more printed circuits

Abstract

This optical module (1) comprises: a Peltier module; an optical semiconductor element (3) mounted on the Peltier module; and a driver 4 for driving high frequency lines (37, 38) of the optical semiconductor element (3). The optical semiconductor element (3) comprises optical circuits (31-36) provided with an optical interferometer function, and the high frequency lines (37, 38). The cooling capacity of the Peltier module in a region in the vicinity of the driver 4 is greater than the cooling capacities of other regions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/015 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction
• H01L 23/38 - Cooling arrangements using the Peltier effect
• H01L 25/04 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
• H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subgroups of the same main group of groups , or in a single subclass of ,

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to realize a curved waveguide that has low loss while keeping the radius of curvature small, for a given ? waveguide. In this optical waveguide, in which a straight waveguide and a curved waveguide are connected together: the waveguide width of the curved waveguide is greater than the waveguide width of the straight waveguide at the point of connection; the optical waveguide is provided with a tapered curved waveguide which is inserted between the straight waveguide and the curved waveguide, has the same radius of curvature as the radius of curvature of the curved waveguide, and has a waveguide width which changes continuously from the waveguide width of the straight waveguide at the point of connection, to the waveguide width of the curved waveguide; and the optical axis of the tapered curved waveguide and the optical axis of the straight waveguide are connected offset from one another in such a way as to maximize the square of the absolute value of the overlap integral of the normalized electric field distribution of the fundamental propagation mode of the tapered curved waveguide at the point of connection of the tapered curved waveguide and the straight waveguide, and the normalized electric field distribution of the fundamental propagation mode of the straight waveguide.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/125 - Bends, branchings or intersections

Abstract

An IQ optical modulator according to the present invention comprises an MZ optical waveguide having a nested structure comprising optical modulation regions for the two channels of I/Q, said modulator comprising an optical intersection waveguide where an input optical waveguide intersects an optical waveguide between a first optical multiplexer and a second optical multiplexer of the nested-structure MZ optical waveguide, end parts of the input optical waveguide and an output optical waveguide of the IQ optical modulator being on the same end face of a chip of the IQ optical modulator, wherein a first optical demultiplexer is provided between an I-channel optical modulation region and a Q-channel optical modulation region, and the optical propagation direction within the first optical demultiplexer and the optical propagation direction within the optical modulation regions are opposite directions.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour

Abstract

A semiconductor Mach-Zehnder optical modulator has: input-side lead lines (20-23); phase modulation electrode lines (24-27); and electrodes (32-35) which respectively apply modulation signals propagated through the phase modulation electrode lines (24-27) to waveguides (16-19). The semiconductor Mach-Zehnder optical modulator is further provided with: an electrically conducting layer that is formed between a substrate and the waveguides (16-19); a plurality of first wiring layers (70) that are connected the electrically conducting layer; and a second wiring layer (71) that connects an electrode pad (55) to the plurality of first wiring layers (70).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/017 - Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells

Abstract

Provided is a semiconductor light receiving element which can achieve a high-speed operation without sacrificing light receiving sensitivity while increasing the margin of a manufacturing process. The semiconductor light receiving element (200) according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a semiconductor layer (202) doped with a first impurity; a semiconductor light absorption layer (203) in which a band gap energy is adjusted to absorb incident light on the semiconductor layer (202) doped with the first impurity; a semiconductor layer (204) on the semiconductor light absorption layer (203) and doped with a second impurity; and a metal electrode (206) contacting side surfaces of the semiconductor doped with the second impurity, wherein side surfaces of the metal electrode (206) are surfaces parallel to a growth direction of the semiconductor layer (204) doped with the second impurity.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/10 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors

Abstract

This measurement control apparatus (1) comprises: a sensor data acquisition unit (10) that acquires biometric information related to a user and measured by a sensor (2); an extraction unit (11) that extracts a feature amount having periodicity from the biometric information acquired by the sensor data acquisition unit (10); an interval acquisition unit (12) that acquires a period of the extracted feature amount; a determination unit (13) that determines, on the basis of the acquired period of the feature amount, whether or not the feature amount appears until a set termination time; and a termination processing unit (14) that terminates an operation of the sensor data acquisition unit (10) when it is determined by the determination unit (13) that the feature amount does not appear until the set termination time.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01D 21/00 - Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
• A61B 5/0245 - Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using sensing means generating electric signals

Abstract

Phase modulation electrode lines (24-27) of a semiconductor Mach-Zehnder optical modulator are formed along waveguides (16-19). Output-side lead-out lines (28-31) are connected to terminating resistors (51-54) and bend in a direction which intersects the direction in which the waveguides (16-19) extend within the dielectric layer plane. The output-side lead-out lines (28-31) are formed at a constant width which corresponds to a desired impedance, and are narrower than the constant width only in the curved sections thereof and the sections thereof which cross the waveguides (16-19).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/225 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of deterioration of high-frequency characteristics of an optical modulator arising from inconsistent impedance between a high-frequency line and a terminal resistor. Provided is a semiconductor Mach Zehnder optical modulator comprising: input-side lead lines 20-32; phase modulation electrode lines 24-27; output-side lead lines 28-31; electrodes 32-35 which respectively apply modulation signals propagated through the phase modulation electrode lines 24-27 to waveguides 16-19; and ground lines 48-50. Furthermore, at least one of either a n-type semiconductor layer or a p-type semiconductor layer is successively formed between a lower layer substrate of the output-side lead lines 28-31 and a dielectric layer so as to follow along the output-side lead lines 28-31.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a spiking neuron device capable of efficiently implementing spiking neuron simulation. The spiking neuron device uses a coherent Ising machine including a resonant section for amplifying a plurality of optical pulses, a measurement section for measuring the phase and amplitude of the plurality of optical pulses to obtain measurement results, and a feedback configuration for computing, and feeding back, an interaction associated with a certain optical pulse using a coupling coefficient for an Ising model on the basis of the measurement results, the spiking neuron device being characterized in that the feedback configuration feeds back an interrelation defined by two coupling coefficients with mutually opposite signs to two prescribed optical pulses among the plurality of optical pulses and simulates the state of the spiking neuron using one of the values of two optical pulses finally obtained by the measurement section.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 3/00 - Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices
• G06E 3/00 - Devices not provided for in group , e.g. for processing analogue or hybrid data

Abstract

The present invention reduces the dependence of an optical circuit characteristic generated by inputting a high-intensity optical signal on optical signal intensity in a waveguide type optical interferometer circuit. This waveguide type optical interferometer circuit is configured within the same plane, and is characterized by comprising an input waveguide, an optical branching part, an optical coupling part, an output waveguide, and a plurality of optical waveguides sandwiched between the optical branching part and the optical coupling part and having different lengths, wherein an optical intensity compensation region is formed in an optical path leading from the optical branching part to the optical coupling part, and the optical intensity compensation region is formed using an optical intensity compensation material having an optical intensity coefficient different from the optical intensity coefficient of an optical path length with respect to incident light intensity in the optical path.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind

Abstract

This transmission device is provided with: a modulation unit which performs chirp spread modulation on an inputted information series to generate a modulation signal; a delay unit which gives, to a plurality of respective modulation signals obtained by duplicating the modulation signal generated by the modulation unit, delays having lengths different from each other, a difference between the delays being an integral multiple of the reciprocal of the band width of the modulation signal; and a plurality of transmission antennas which respectively transmit the plurality of modulation signals to which the delays have been given by the delay unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station

Abstract

An optical module comprising: a housing that has an opening portion; an optical component disposed inside the housing; and a fiber block that holds one end of an optical fiber outside the housing, the fiber block physically connecting the one end of the optical fiber to a light input/output end of the optical component via the opening portion of the housing, wherein the optical component is in close contact with the fiber block, and displacement between the housing and the fiber block is allowed by providing a gap between the opening portion and the fiber block, and a part of the fiber block on the optical fiber side is outside the housing.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device

Abstract

This optical fiber cable (1A) is provided with: a cable main body which has a core (11) and an internal sheath (14) that contains the core; a reinforcement sheet (20) which surrounds the cable main body; an external sheath (30) which contains the cable main body and the reinforcement sheet; and an outer rip cord (12) which is embedded in the internal sheath. The internal sheath is provided with a projection (15) which protrudes radially outwardly; and at least a part of the outer rip cord is positioned inside the projection.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

A semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) according to the present invention comprises: a first and a second signal electrode that are formed parallel to a first and a second arm waveguide respectively; a plurality of first and second phase-modulating electrodes branching from the first and the second signal electrode and discretely provided on the first and the second arm waveguide along the first and the second signal electrode; a first and a second ground electrode formed parallel to each other along the first and the second signal electrode; and a plurality of connection wires for connecting the first and the second ground electrode with a plurality of junctions. A differential signal enters and exits the first and the second signal electrode. The plurality of adjacent connection wires are provided at an interval of 1/4 or less of the wavelength of a signal propagated through the first and the second signal electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/017 - Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells

Abstract

To provide a polarization-multiplexed IQ optical modulator capable of high-speed/broad-wavelength-band operation. An IQ-type optical modulator characterized by being provided with: main Mach-Zehnder (MZM) optical waveguides; secondary MZM optical waveguides provided to each of two arms constituting part of each of the main MZM optical waveguides; two electrode lines for phase-modulating an optical signal propagated through the MZM by application of a modulation signal thereto, the electrode lines being provided along each of two arms constituting part of each of the secondary MZM optical waveguides; RF leader lines for inputting the modulation signal applied to the two electrode lines, the RF leader lines being connected to each of the two electrode lines; a first optical demultiplexer for branching light to the two arms of the main MZM optical waveguides; a second optical demultiplexer for branching light to the two arms of each of the secondary MZM optical waveguides; and a first optical multiplexer for multiplexing the light from the two arms of the secondary MZM optical multiplexers; the stripe direction of the RF leader lines, the stripe direction of the second optical demultiplexer, and the stripe direction of the first optical multiplexer being the same as the stripe direction of the secondary MZM optical waveguides to which the two electrode lines are provided, and the stripe direction of the first optical demultiplexer being in an orthogonal relationship.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
• H04B 10/516 - Transmitters - Details of coding or modulation

Abstract

A transfer function or inverse transfer function of an optical transmitter (7) of a transmission unit (1) is estimated from first data acquired by a reception unit (3) when a first known signal was transmitted from the transmission unit (1) to the reception unit (3) of an optical transceiver, and a tentative transfer function or inverse transfer function of an optical receiver (9) of the reception unit (3). A transfer function or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver (9) is estimated from second data acquired by the reception unit (3) when a second known signal was transmitted from the transmission unit (1) to the reception unit (3), and the estimated transfer function or inverse transfer function of the optical transmitter (7).

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers

Abstract

In the present invention, a plurality of error correction circuits correct errors of data transmitted via a plurality of transmission paths. A joining unit (12) has the function of joining a plurality of transmission paths to a plurality of error correction circuits in a redundant manner. The plurality of transmission paths include a first transmission path (I) and a second transmission path (II) having lower transmission properties than the first transmission path. The plurality of error correction circuits include a first error correction circuit (8a) and a second error correction circuit (8b) having lower correction capability and lower electric power consumption than the first error correction circuit (8a). The joining unit (12) uses the function of joining a plurality of error correction circuits to one transmission path in a redundant manner, thereby joining the first transmission path (I) to the second error correction circuit (8b) at a higher rate than the first error correction circuit (8a) and joining the second transmission path (II) to the first error correction circuit (8a) at a higher rate than the second error correction circuit (8b).

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 13/35 - Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
• H04J 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• H03M 13/29 - Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
• H04L 27/26 - Systems using multi-frequency codes

Abstract

In the present invention a bandwidth division timing adjustment unit (10) aligns the timing of multiple signals in a time domain, said multiple signals being obtained by dividing a received signal for each of multiple frequency bands, and then combines the multiple signals the timing of which has been aligned. A wavelength dispersion compensation unit (17) compensates wavelength dispersion of an output signal from the bandwidth division timing adjustment unit (10) for each of the multiple frequency bands.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/2513 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost optical circuit board with which it is possible to align with a fiber array while mounted on a package and reduce size without affecting the main circuit section, and to also provide an optical device and an alignment method. This optical circuit board has a loop-back circuit mounted thereon, which returns aligning light in the vicinity of a fiber array connection end to the fiber array. Since an aligning loop-back circuit can be thus formed in an optical waveguide pattern, production costs do not increase in comparison to conventional optical circuit boards. Aligning light that links from an optical fiber to an aligning port of the optical circuit board is returned to the optical fiber via the loop-back circuit. Therefore, alignment is possible using said returned light. In other words, alignment is possible while mounted on a package without having to install a light-reflecting film or mirror.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device

Abstract

Provided is a wearable electrode, which is configured from an electrode (203) which is anchored to an article of clothing (21) so as to be capable of simultaneously making contact with all sites of skin from the ventral side to the dorsal side of the upper left-hand part of the body of a wearer (20), and an electrode (204) which is anchored to the article of clothing (21) so as to be capable of simultaneously making contact with all sites of skin from the ventral side to the dorsal side of the upper right-hand part of the body of the wearer (20). The electrodes (203, 204) are installed such that, with the wearer (20) in an upright standing state, the positions in which said electrodes (203, 204) are worn gradually descend from the ventral side to the dorsal side, or else, with the wearer (20) in the upright standing state, the positions in which said electrodes (203, 204) are worn gradually ascend from the ventral side to the dorsal side.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/282 - Holders for multiple electrodes
• A61B 5/318 - Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]

Abstract

A semiconductor optical modulation element is provided for protecting a pin junction structure in a modulation region against reverse voltage ESD by providing a thyristor structure between feeding pad electrodes. An n-type contact layer, n- type cladding layer, non-doped core/cladding layer, p-type cladding layer, and p-type contact layer are sequentially laminated on a substrate. A Mach-Zehnder interferometric waveguide and feeding pad installation sections are formed by dry etching. The n-type contact layer and n-type cladding layer are removed except for a modulation region of the waveguide and a feeding region in which the feeding pad installation sections are formed so that the modulation region and the semiconductor of the lower part of the feeding region are electrically isolated from each other. The feeding pads are formed on the common n-type contact layer and n-type cladding layer. A thyristor structure of a pinip junction is formed between the feeding pads.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/017 - Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells

Abstract

An I component compensation unit (15) calculates an I component in which a distortion has been compensated, by forming a first polynomial expressing the distortion of the I component based on an I component and a Q component of a quadrature modulation signal and multiplying each term of the first polynomial by a first coefficient. A Q component compensation unit (16) calculates a Q component in which a distortion has been compensated, by forming a second polynomial expressing the distortion of the Q component based on the I component and the Q component of the quadrature modulation signal and multiplying each term of the second polynomial by a second coefficient. A coefficient calculation unit (17) calculates the first and second coefficients by comparing outputs of the I component compensation unit (15) and the Q component compensation unit (16) and a known signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers
• H04B 10/2507 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
• H04B 10/60 - Receivers
• H04L 27/06 - Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits

Abstract

According to the present invention, Fourier transform is performed on a reception signal to obtain a first calculation value. Fourier transform is performed on a known signal to obtain a second calculation value. The first calculation value is divided by the second calculation value to obtain a third calculation value. Inverse Fourier transform is performed on the third calculation value to obtain a fourth calculation value. The maximum value of the amplitude of the fourth calculation value and a sample point at which the maximum value is obtained, are detected. The position of the known signal in the reception signal is detected from the sample point at which the maximum value is obtained.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers
• H04L 7/04 - Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
• H04L 7/08 - Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically

Abstract

This optical modulator is provided with: a p-type first semiconductor layer (102) that is formed on a cladding layer (101); an insulating layer (103) that is formed on the first semiconductor layer (102); and an n-type second semiconductor layer (104) that is formed on the insulating layer (103). The first semiconductor layer (102) is configured from silicon or silicon-germanium; and the second semiconductor layer (104) is configured from a group III-V compound semiconductor that is composed of three or more materials.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

The optical fiber cable according to the present invention is provided with a core in which a plurality of optical fibers are gathered, an inside sheath for accommodating the core therein, a filament body embedded in the inside sheath, a pair of tension members embedded in the inside sheath with the core therebetween, a reinforcing sheet for covering the inside sheath and the filament body, and an outside sheath for covering the reinforcing sheet, the expressions ti < Ti and to < To being satisfied, where ti is the thickness of a portion of the inside sheath on the inside in the radial direction of the filament body, Ti is the thickness of a portion of the inside sheath on the inside of the pair of tension members in the radial direction, to is the thickness of a portion of the inside sheath on the outside of the filament body in the radial direction, and To is the thickness of a portion of the inside sheath on the outside of the pair of tension members in the radial direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

An optical transmitter of an optical data transmission system for transmitting data via an optical fiber transmission line is provided with a main signal generation unit for converting first transmission data into a prescribed signal format and generating a first signal, a differential code shift keying (DCSK) modulation unit for modulating second transmission data by DCSK and generating a second signal, a signal multiplexing unit for time-division multiplexing the first signal and the second signal, and an electrical-optical conversion unit for converting the multiplexed signal obtained by time-division multiplexing by the signal multiplexing unit from an electrical signal to an optical signal and outputting the optical signal to the optical fiber transmission line.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/077 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
• H04B 10/516 - Transmitters - Details of coding or modulation
• H04B 1/707 - Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
• H04J 14/08 - Time-division multiplex systems

Abstract

An optical receiver constituted in an optical transmitter-receiver in such a way that the optical receiver is not affected by noise as much as possible even when a high noise occurs in the inside. An optical receiver characterized by having a connection part that connects two photodiodes (PD) of a dual photodiode configuration and a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), the connection part being such that a signal line from the dual photodiode is enclosed, respectively for each channel, by conductive patterns which are not connected to the signal line, and these conductive patterns are connected to a ground pattern of the transimpedance amplifier or a power supply pattern for the PD.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers
• H04B 10/69 - Electrical arrangements in the receiver
• H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details

Abstract

A symbol phase difference compensation unit (6) calculates a first phase difference that is a phase difference between a known pattern extracted from a received signal and a true value thereof, and makes phase compensation for the received signal on the basis of the first phase difference. A provisional determination unit (12) provisionally determines an output signal of the symbol phase difference compensation unit (6) to find an estimated value of a phase. A phase difference acquisition unit (13) acquires a second phase difference that is a phase difference between the phase of the output signal and the estimated value of the phase found by the provisional determination unit (12). A phase difference compensation unit (14) makes phase compensation for the output signal on the basis of the second phase difference.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers
• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers
• H04L 27/38 - Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits

Abstract

A reception circuit (5) includes a first adaptive compensator (7) compensating distortion of a received signal. An adaptive compensation coefficient calculator (6) includes a known-signal detector (8) detecting first and second known-signals from the received signal, a second adaptive compensator (10) compensating distortion of the received signal, a tap coefficient initial value calculator (12) calculating an initial value of a tap coefficient of the second adaptive compensator (10) by comparing the first known-signal with its true value, a first phase shift compensator (14) compensating phase shift of an output of the second adaptive compensator (10) using the second known-signal, and a tap coefficient calculator (16) calculating tap coefficients of the first and second adaptive compensators (7,10) by comparing at least one of the first and second known-signals compensated by the second adaptive compensator (10) and the first phase shift compensator (14) with its true value.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/2507 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers
• H04B 3/10 - Control of transmission; Equalising by pilot signal
• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical module which is connectable to an optical fiber array and which can be packaged in a high density. Two 30 mm square package modules(102, 105) are mounted on a board(101), and optical waveguides in a 20 mm square Si photonic lightwave circuit(103) mounted on the package module(102) are connected to an optical fiber array(106) fixed to an optical fiber block (15 x10 mm)(104). Output end surfaces of the optical waveguides are perpendicular to a mount surface of the package module(102). The optical waveguides in the Si photonic lightwave circuit(103) may be tilted at, for example, 20 degrees with respect to a direction perpendicular to a right end surface. The optical fiber block(104) fixes optical fibers with the optical fibers tilted at 20 degrees with respect to a direction perpendicular to an end surface connected to the Si photonic lightwave circuit(103).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device

Abstract

An optical waveguide integrated light receiving element is provided with an optical waveguide (105) which is disposed on the side of a second contact layer (102) opposite from the side on which a light absorption layer (103) is disposed, and which is optically coupled with the second contact layer (102) with the waveguide direction being parallel with the plane of the light absorption layer (103). The second contact layer (102) has a smaller area in plan view than the light absorption layer (103), and is disposed on the inside of the light absorption layer (103).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/107 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiode
• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical modulator whereby a phenomenon of resonance with an electrode in the vicinity of a signal electrode is suppressed, and various elements can be integrated at high density. This MZ-type optical modulator is characterized by being provided with: an input optical waveguide; two arm waveguides for branching and guiding light inputted from the input optical waveguide; an output optical waveguide for multiplexing and outputting the light guided through each of the two arm waveguides; two signal electrodes for applying a high-frequency signal, the signal electrodes being disposed in parallel with the two arm waveguides; an Si optical modulator including a DC electrode for applying a bias voltage, the DC electrode being provided between the two signal electrodes; and at least one ground electrode disposed in parallel with the two signal electrodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

In a prior dual electrode Si optical modulator having a CPW electrode structure, a phase difference of return currents propagating through two ground electrodes degrades the modulation frequency characteristic. To prevent this degradation, the modulator length has been shortened to terminate signal propagation before occurrence of a phase difference. However, a short modulator length reduces an electric field applied to the optical waveguide lowering the modulation efficiency. The present optical modulator includes a bridge wiring that connects two ground electrodes, disposed between an RF electrode and an optical waveguide inside a substrate. The bridge wiring equalizes the potential between the two ground electrodes of the CPW, thereby eliminating a phase difference of return currents induced by a radio-frequency electrical signal to the RF electrode and propagating through the two ground electrodes. It is thus possible to fabricate a Si optical modulator with suppressed degradation of the radio frequency characteristic.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/015 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction
• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

An FIR filter (7) convolutes sampled data obtained by sampling a reception signal with tap coefficients. A phase difference detector (8) detects a phase difference between a synchronization timing of a signal waveform estimated from an output signal of the FIR filter (7) and a sampling timing of the output signal. A tap coefficient adjuster (9) adjusts the tap coefficients so as to reduce the phase difference detected by the phase difference detector (8) and causes the sampling timing of the output signal of the FIR filter (7) to track the synchronization timing.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 7/00 - Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
• H03H 17/02 - Frequency-selective networks
• H03H 17/06 - Non-recursive filters

Abstract

A parallel transfer rate converter (4) inputs first parallel data with number of samples being S1 pieces in synchronism with a first clock, and outputs second parallel data with number of samples being S2=S1x(m/p) pieces (p is an integer equal to or larger than 1) in synchronism with a second clock having a frequency which is p/m times of a frequency of the first clock. A convolution operation device (5) inputs the second parallel data in synchronism with the second clock, generates third parallel data with number of samples being S3=S2x(n/m) pieces (S3 is an integer equal to or larger than 1) by executing a convolution operation with a coefficient indicating a transmission characteristic to the second parallel data, and outputs the third parallel data in synchronism with the second clock.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 3/05 - Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time
• G06F 5/00 - Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled
• G06F 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled

Abstract

A connection structure (3) of a high-frequency transmission line according to the present invention includes: a cylindrical center conductor (7) connected at one end to a coaxial line and at the other end to a planar transmission line; a first external conductor (41) arranged coaxially to the center conductor on one end side of the center conductor; a first dielectric (42) fitted between the first external conductor and the center conductor; a second external conductor (61) arranged coaxially to the center conductor on the other end side of the center conductor; a second dielectric (62) fitted between the second external conductor and the center conductor; a third external conductor (51) arranged coaxially to the center conductor between the first external conductor and the second external conductor; and a third dielectric (52) fitted between the third external conductor and the center conductor. In a direction vertical with respect to the axial direction of the center conductor and to a direction vertical to the planar transmission line, the shortest distance between the center conductor and the first external conductor is larger than that between the center conductor and the third external conductor, and the shortest distance between the center conductor and the third external conductor is larger than that between the center conductor and the second external conductor.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 5/08 - Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking lines or devices of different kinds

Abstract

The visual detection of a silicon optical circuit in the prior art depended on the sensory judgment of a human being to visually recognize, and there were limits to completely performing the detection of small scratches. A defective chip having scratches overlooked by visual inspection is mistakenly judged as passing and flows outs to a step downstream from the visual inspection. Unable to judge the defective chip as failing at the stage of an early step of the overall optical circuit, yield was lowered in downstream production and inspection steps, and production inspection costs for products increased. This optical circuit, in addition to an optical circuit that achieves a desired function, includes a detection optical waveguide for scratches sufficiently close to an optical waveguide of the optical circuit that surrounds the entire optical circuit, and a grating coupler connected to the detection optical waveguide. It is possible to efficiently discover scratches within each chip in a wafer state prior to being cut into chips, on the basis of the measurement of transmission characteristics of the detection optical waveguide using the grating coupler. It is also possible to discover scratches hierarchically by providing an individual detection waveguide for each chip and further forming one common detection optical waveguide over a plurality of chips.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/13 - Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/124 - Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
• G02B 6/125 - Bends, branchings or intersections

Abstract

In the present invention, a Fourier transform unit (11) performs Fourier transform on a filter coefficient output from an adaptive equalization unit (6) that is constituted by a finite impulse response filter of N taps (N is an integer of 2 or more) in a time direction. An eigenvalue sum calculation unit (15) integrates the result of differentiating the Fourier-transformed filter coefficient by a frequency with a complex conjugate of the Fourier-transformed filter coefficient to calculate a matrix, and then calculates the sum of two eigenvalues of the matrix. A proportionality coefficient calculation unit (14) calculates a proportionality coefficient relative to the frequency from the sum of the two eigenvalues.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
• H04B 10/2513 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
• G01M 11/02 - Testing optical properties
• H04B 3/06 - Control of transmission; Equalising by the transmitted signal

Abstract

A coherent optical reception device includes a local oscillation laser that supplies laser light, a coherent optical reception front-end unit that receives a multi-level modulated optical signal, demodulates the optical signal on the basis of the laser light, and converts a demodulated optical signal into an electrical analog signal, an analog-to- digital converter that converts the analog signal into a digital signal, a compensation unit that compensates for an influence of dispersion due to a wavelength or a polarized wave of the optical signal and recovers a carrier phase of the digital signal, a constellation distortion compensation unit that compensates for constellation distortion of the multi-level modulation included in the digital signal in which an influence of dispersion is compensated for by the compensation unit, and an error correction decoding unit that performs error correction of the digital signal in which the constellation distortion is compensated for.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/61 - Coherent receivers
• H04L 27/34 - Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems

Abstract

A configuration of a DFB laser-based wavelength tunable laser is well known, but long resonators have difficulty in forming uniform resonators due to production variations, thereby inducing limitation in narrowing the spectral linewidth in the DFB laser-based wavelength tunable laser as well. In the semiconductor laser device of the present invention, a semiconductor laser that oscillates in a single mode and a low-loss lightwave circuit using SiO2 glass are arranged on the common substrate. The lightwave circuit is configured such that part of output light from the semiconductor laser propagates through a certain length of an optical path, and then is reflected by a reflector and is fed back to the semiconductor laser. Output light from the semiconductor laser and an input waveguide of the lightwave circuit can also be configured to be optically connected directly to each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01S 5/0233 - Mounting configuration of laser chips
• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
• G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
• H01S 5/026 - Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors or drivers
• H01S 5/12 - Construction or shape of the optical resonator the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers
• H01S 5/125 - Distributed Bragg reflector [DBR] lasers
• H01S 5/50 - Amplifier structures not provided for in groups

Abstract

Signal processing sections (6a,6b) selectively switch modulation/demodulation in low-efficiency modulation system and modulation/demodulation in high- efficiency modulation system, and perform digital signal processing. Parallel-side interfaces of input/output interface sections (A,B) are electrically connected to the signal processing section (6a). A serial-side interface of the input/output interface section (B) is electrically connected to a serial-side interface of the input/output interface section (D). A selection section (7) electrically connects a parallel-side interface of the input/output interface section (C) to the signal processing section (6b) when the low-efficiency modulation system is selected, and electrically connects the parallel-side interface of the input/output interface section (C) to a parallel-side interface of the input/output interface section (D) when the high-efficiency modulation system is selected.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/50 - Transmitters
• H04B 10/60 - Receivers

Abstract

In an Ising spin measurement step, measurement is interrupted from when measurement of one set of total Ising spin {si} is ended until when measurement of the one set of total Ising spin {si} is restarted. In an Ising interaction calculation step, it is possible to calculate, with a sufficient margin of time and on the basis of the measurement of the nearest Ising spin si that occurs in the Ising spin measurement step from when measurement of the one set of total Ising spin {si} is ended until when measurement of the one set of total Ising spin {si} is restarted, the total Ising interaction in which the total Ising spin si is involved.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 3/00 - Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices
• G02F 1/39 - Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves
• G06E 1/00 - Devices for processing exclusively digital data

Abstract

The present invention provides a germanium photodetector which reduces a dark current without degradation of a photocurrent. The germanium photodetector includes: a silicon substrate; a lower clad layer formed on the silicon substrate; a core layer formed on the lower clad layer; a p-type silicon slab formed in a part of the core layer and doped with a p-type impurity ion; p++ silicon electrode sections that are highly-doped with a p-type impurity and act as an electrode; and germanium layers which absorb light. The germanium photodetector further includes an upper clad layer, an n-type germanium region doped with an n-type impurity above the germanium layer, and an electrode. According to the present invention, two germanium layers are provided on the p-type silicon slab so as to miniaturize the area of the surface of the individual germanium layer in contact with the p-type silicon slab , so that the dark current due to threading dislocation can be reduced.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/10 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors

Abstract

A DAC on a conventional CMOS platform has an analog output bandwidth of about 15 GHz, which is insufficient and causes one of bottlenecks in realizing the increase of capacity for communication systems. In the conventional technique, only an output having a bandwidth identical to the bandwidth of individual DACs has been obtained even by using a plurality of DACs. Also, even when the output of a bandwidth broader than the individual DAC is obtained, there has been a problem associated with asymmetricity of a circuit configuration. In a signal generating device of the present invention, a plurality of normal DACs are combined to realize an analog output of a broader bandwidth beyond the output bandwidth of the individual DACs, and the problem of the asymmetricity of the circuit configuration is also resolved. A desired signal is separated into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal in a frequency domain, and a series of operation of constant (r)-folding the amplitude of the high-frequency signal and shifting it on the frequency axis to superimpose it on the low-frequency signal are made in a digital domain. The output of each DAC is switched by an analog multiplexer. A configuration example adapted to occurrence of a multicarrier signal is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03M 1/66 - Digital/analogue converters
• H04J 11/00 - Orthogonal multiplex systems

Abstract

Provided is an optical modulator that suppresses a chirp generated during phase modulation by a shift in position of a pn-junction caused by mask misalignment or the like and provides a high-quality waveform. The optical modulator is provided with two RF electrodes for applying a pair of differential signal voltages, at least one fixed potential electrode for applying a fixed potential, a first conductive semiconductor layer and a second conductive semiconductor layer in contact with the RF electrodes or the fixed potential electrode, and an optical modulation unit in which two optical waveguides that branch out from one optical waveguide and are arranged along a pn-junction part that forms a boundary between the first and second conductive semiconductor layers are formed. The optical modulator is characterized in that the semiconductor layers and the electrodes are arranged so that the integration amount of phase changes caused by deviation of the position of the pn-junction part in the two optical waveguides from a design value becomes equal between the two optical waveguides.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/225 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical module that suppresses crosstalk between high-frequency transmission lines. The optical module of the present invention includes at least one set of: an optical port; an optical processing circuit optically connected to the optical port; an electro-optical transducer optically connected to the optical processing circuit; two or more high-frequency transmission lines connected to the electro-optical transducer; and electrical ports connected to the high-frequency transmission lines, and includes a conductive cover block which is provided above the high-frequency transmission lines so as to at least partly cover the high-frequency transmission lines and which is grounded.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04B 10/40 - Transceivers
• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
• G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
• H01S 5/022 - Mountings; Housings

Abstract

This analog multiplexer core circuit (120A) is provided with: a differential pair (121) including two transistors (Q1, Q2); a differential pair (122) including two transistors (Q3, Q4); a differential pair (123) including two transistors (Q5, Q6); and a constant current source (124) which causes a current (IEE) to flow. The analog multiplexer core circuit (120A) multiplexes two analog signals (Ain1, Ain2) and outputs a time-multiplexed analog signal (Aout). An emitter resistance (REA1, REA2, REA3, REA4) is connected to each transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Here, the relational expression "REA·IEE=amplitude of input analog signal" is satisfied. By this means the linear response input range of the differential pairs (121, 122) is broadened, and response linearity can be ensured.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 17/62 - Switching arrangements with several input- or output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors
• H03F 3/45 - Differential amplifiers
• H04L 27/36 - Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits

Abstract

This invention provides a high-frequency line adopting a structure to suppress an impedance variation and occurrence of an excessive power loss in high-frequency wiring having intersection with an optical waveguide. A high-frequency line is a microstrip line which has a basic configuration of stacking a ground electrode, a dielectric layer, and a signal electrode in this order on a SI-InP substrate. In addition, as shown in a transverse sectional view, an optical waveguide core made of InP-based semiconductor intersects with the high-frequency line in a crossing manner. A width of the signal electrode is partially increased in a certain region covering the intersection with the optical waveguide along a propagating direction of the high-frequency line. In the microstrip line, the width of the signal electrode is partially increased from w1 to w2, and characteristic impedance is thus reduced as compared to one with the uniform width w1.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01P 3/08 - Microstrips; Strip lines
• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• H01P 3/00 - Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type

Abstract

In a conventional soldering method, an FPC-side electrode pad and a package-side electrode pad are closely joined together with a solder layer, and the soldered state after a joining process has not been easily confirmed visually. The present invention provides a solder joint structure including a side face electrode which is formed on each of the side faces of the end parts of an FPC board and a package or PCB board that are to be soldered, extending vertically relative to the faces constituting each of electrode pads on the boards, and which introduces solder. On the side face electrodes of the board end parts, a part of solder that is formed continuously from the solder joint portion is visible and the state of the solder joint between the electrode pads on the two boards can be confirmed. The efficiency of solder joint tests can be improved.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05K 1/14 - Structural association of two or more printed circuits
• H05K 1/11 - Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
• H05K 3/36 - Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits

Abstract

A coherent optical mixer circuit is provided that can measure a phase error without requiring a step of cutting away a delay circuit. Odd-numbered or even-numbered two of four inputs of an 4-input-and-4-output multimode interference circuit are connected to an input mechanism. The four outputs of the multimode interference circuit are all connected to an output mechanism to the exterior. Other two inputs of the multimode interference circuit are connected to two monitor waveguides. One of the monitor waveguide is longer than the other to configure a light delay circuit. The monitor waveguides constituting the light delay circuit are connected to the respective outputs of a 2-branched light splitter. The 2-branched light splitter has an input connected to a monitor light input mechanism from the exterior via a monitor input waveguide.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 2/00 - Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
• G02B 6/00 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
• G02B 6/125 - Bends, branchings or intersections
• G02B 6/126 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) type semiconductor optical modulation element usable as an ultrafast modulator having excellent electrical stability. The present invention provides a semiconductor optical modulation element, which is a Mach-Zehnder type semiconductor optical modulation element that modulates light using a refractive index modulation region for modulating the refractive index of the light guided to an optical waveguide and an input and output region for multi/demultiplexing the light split in the refractive index modulation region, said semiconductor optical modulation element being characterized in that: in the refractive index modulation region of the optical waveguide, an n-type clad layer, an i core layer, and a p-type clad layer are laminated from top to bottom in that order on the substrate surface equivalent to the (100) plane of a sphalerite-type semi-insulating semiconductor crystal substrate; and the n-type clad layer is formed in a ridge shape along a reverse-mesa direction, and a capacity charged electrode is provided on the n-type clad layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
• G02F 1/225 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

A light-receiving element (10) according to the present invention is characterized by having: a semiconductor layer (100) that has a p-type semiconductor region (101), an n-type semiconductor region (102), and a multiplication region (103); and a p-type light-absorbing layer (104) formed on the multiplication region, the p-type semiconductor region and the n-type semiconductor region being formed sandwiching the multiplication region in the planar direction of the semiconductor layer. It is thus easily possible to realize, with a monolithic manufacturing process, a light-receiving element having avalanche photodiode functionality.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/107 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiode
• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind

Abstract

The present invention provides digital coherent polarization multiplexing optical transmission/reception circuits integrated into a single chip, in which disproportion in losses due to a polarization path is compensated for by optimally distributing transmission/reception optical power using an optical power splitter in which the asymmetry of a branching fraction is small. Polarization multiplexing optical transmission/reception circuits including a polarization multiplexing optical transmission circuit configured from a first optical power splitter for branching the optical power of continuous light outputted from a light source, one polarization optical modulation circuit on a larger loss path side connected to the one output of the first optical power splitter, a second optical power splitter connected to the other output of the first optical power splitter, and the other polarization optical modulation circuit connected to the one output of the second optical power splitter.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04J 14/06 - Polarisation multiplex systems
• H04B 10/532 - Polarisation modulation
• H04J 14/04 - Mode multiplex systems

Abstract

A processing device is provided with a processing unit (12) having a plurality of functions. A holding unit (11) holds a device identifier with which it is possible to identify the processing device. An interface unit (6) receives a function authentication key from the outside, said key being a code for enabling or disabling a specific function among the plurality of functions. When the device identifier included in the received function authentication key and the device identifier held by the holding unit (11) match, a control unit (13) enables or disables a specific function in accordance with the function authentication key.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 21/12 - Protecting executable software
• G06F 21/10 - Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material
• H04B 10/27 - Arrangements for networking
• H04L 41/00 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
• H04L 12/28 - Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]

Abstract

NEW TEXT OF THE ABSTRACT This bioelectrode is provided with: a fitting member (1106) which is composed of an electrically insulating member affixed to a surface of a garment (1100), said surface being in contact with a living organism (1000); an electrode part (1101a) which is composed of a conductive member affixed to a surface of the fitting member (1106), said surface being in contact with the living organism (1000); a connector (1102a) including a conductive part for connection to a bioelectrical signal measurement device, said connector (1102a) extending through the garment (1100) such that the conductive part is exposed to a surface of the garment opposite to the surface that comes in contact with said living organism (1000); a wiring line (1103a) which is affixed to the fitting member (1106) and electrically connects the connector (1102a) and the electrode part (1101a) to each other; an electrically-insulating first insulation member (1105) which covers respective portions within surfaces of the connector (1102a) and the wiring line (1103a), said respective portions being in contact with the living organism (1000); and an electrically-insulating second insulating member (1107a) configured to insulate the connector (1102A) and the garment (1100) from each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/28 - Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
• A61B 5/25 - Bioelectric electrodes therefor
• A61B 5/291 - Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]

Abstract

An optical modulator has a phase modulation unit has two traveling-wave electrodes and an optical waveguide. The waveguide has a first cladding, a semiconductor layer -- which is laminated on the first cladding and has a refractive index that is higher than that of the first cladding -- and a second cladding -- which is laminated on the semiconductor layer, and has a refractive index that is lower than that of the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer has a rib section with first and second slab sections on opposite sides of the rib section and third and fourth slab sections on respective sides of the first and second slab sections side that are opposite to the rib section. The first slab section is thinner than the rib section and the third slab section, and the second slab section is thinner than the rib section and the fourth slab section.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/025 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

In order to obtain high linearity without sacrificing light-receiving sensitivity and speed, an avalanche photodiode is provided with a multiplication layer (103) formed on a first light absorption layer (102), an n-type field control layer (104) formed on the multiplication layer (103), and a second light absorption layer (105) formed on the field control layer (104). Upon applying a reverse bias voltage, donor impurities in the field control layer (104) are ionized, and a high electric field is induced in the multiplication layer (103). The n-type doping amount in the field control layer (104) is set so that the impurity concentration in the second light absorption layer (105) is sufficiently depleted when the reverse bias is applied.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/107 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiode

Abstract

An optical fiber splicing structure of the invention includes: an optical fiber connector that is capable of holding an optical fiber at both sides thereof in a radial direction; a receiving optical fiber that is provided inside the optical fiber connector and has a hole opening at an end face of a connection end thereof; a solid refractive index matching layer that is formed at the end face of a connection end of the receiving optical fiber and enters the hole; and an external optical fiber that is to be butt- jointed to the receiving optical fiber by being butt-jointed to the receiving optical fiber at the end faces thereof with the refractive index matching layer interposed therebetween.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/24 - Coupling light guides

Abstract

An optical fiber splicer includes a fiber fixing portion, a first optical fiber fixed to the fiber fixing portion, a clamp portion which is capable of holding and fixing an extending portion extended from the fiber fixing portion of the first optical fiber and a tip portion of a second optical fiber optically connected to the extending portion of the first optical fiber between a base member and a pressing member being openable and closable with respect to the base member, and a solid index matching material which is attached to a tip surface of the extending portion of the first optical fiber and is interposed between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/38 - Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
• G02B 6/24 - Coupling light guides

Abstract

In this method for producing an optical connector, a first optical fiber, in which a solid index matching material layer formed at the end surface of a second end section at the reverse side from the end surface of a first end section to be exposed at the tip of a ferrule, is grasped by a pair of grasping members from two sides in the radial direction at a position separated from the end surface at the second end section, and is inserted into the fiber hole of the ferrule from the first end section.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/36 - Mechanical coupling means

Abstract

Polarization rotators of conventional techniques require forming a silicon nitride layer, which is not employed in usual fabrication of a silicon waveguide circuit. In order to employ a polarization rotator function in an optical integrated circuit, a process of forming a silicon nitride layer is added just for that purpose. This increases the fabrication time and complicates the fabrication equipment. In a polarization rotator of the present invention, the waveguide width of a center core portion of a polarization converter is made small. In this way, the intensity of an optical wave does not concentrate only at the center core portion and is more influenced by structural asymmetry. With the configuration of the polarization rotator of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently cause polarization conversion with a structure including only a silicon waveguide and no silicon nitride layer or the like formed thereon. Moreover, various configuration examples of a mode converter in which the gap between its waveguides is not excessively small are presented as configurations capable of reducing the circuit length and relaxing the fabrication tolerance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/126 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/14 - Mode converters

Abstract

A biosignal detecting garment includes at least two electrodes each including a conductive fiber structure, a measurement device configured to detect and process a bioelectric signal acquired by the electrodes that are in contact with a living body, a wiring portion conductively connecting the electrodes to the measurement device, and a garment body on which the electrodes, the measurement device, and the wiring portion are placed at predetermined positions.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/282 - Holders for multiple electrodes
• A41D 13/12 - Surgeons' or patients' gowns or dresses

Abstract

Provide is an optical fiber ribbon whereby a tape forming member can be easily removed after single core separation. The present invention is provided with: a plurality of optical fiber cores (10a, 10b) arranged in parallel spaced from each other; and a tape forming member (20) having coating portions (21a, 21b) covering an outer circumference of the optical fiber cores (10a, 10b), and a coupling portion (22a), integrally formed with the coating portions (21a, 21b), intermittently coupling adjacent optical fiber cores (10a, 10b), wherein the coating portions (21a, 21b) have opening portions (31, 32) to expose parts of surfaces of the optical fiber cores (10a, 10b), and at least a part of the coating portions (21a, 21b) is continuous in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cores (10a, 10b).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

An optical fiber splicing tool of the invention include: an optical fiber splicing unit (10) that includes: a mechanical splice holder that holds a mechanical splice (30); an optical fiber grasper (70) that grasps a first optical fiber at one end side of the mechanical splice (30); and a guide target that is slidable along a guide provided at a connecting jig (110) that fixes a second optical fiber to be butt-jointed to the first optical fiber, and a connecting jig (110) that includes: a guide that guides the optical fiber splicing unit (10); and an optical fiber fixer (90) that fixes the second optical fiber. The optical fiber splicing unit (10) provides a first flexure width (L ) between one end side of the mechanical splice (30) and the optical fiber grasper (70), and a second flexure width (L2) shorter than the first flexure width (L1) is ensured between the other end side of the mechanical splice (30) and the optical fiber fixer (90) when butt-jointing is carried out.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/24 - Coupling light guides

Abstract

To provide a multiplexer/demultiplexer that functions as an extremely small AWG optical filter in order to prepare a miniaturized and low-cost transceiver module necessary to realize a high speed transceiver for Ethernet (registered trademark). An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer includes: at least one input waveguide, a first slab waveguide, an arrayed waveguide group, a second slab waveguide, and at least one output waveguide, wherein each of the waveguides of the arrayed waveguide group has: a first bent part of which a waveguide extending direction changes 180 degrees or more; and a second bent part of which a waveguide extending direction changes 180 degrees or more in a direction opposite to a direction of the change of the first bent part.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind

Abstract

This optical switch includes: input ports; output ports; and a spatial light modulating unit to which an optical signal from an input port is incident and which deflects the optical signal to a selected output port. A phase distribution is set in the spatial optical modulating unit so that a phase distribution for a radius of curvature that is the same as the radius of curvature of a wave surface of incident light is superimposed on a phase distribution for connecting the deflected optical signal with the output port.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
• G02B 6/12 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths

Abstract

Even in the case of an optical module including a multi-chip integrated device, an optical module having a smaller size in consideration of the connection to optical fibers. An optical module having a package containing a multi-chip integrated device integrated with an optical functional element having both ends connected to planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) is provided. Each of the PLCs includes a folded waveguide for connecting a light waveguide formed in the optical functional element to optical fibers. The optical module comprises a connecting part connected to each of the PLCs for connecting the optical functional element to the optical fibers in the same face. The optical fibers are taken out from opposed surfaces of the package.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
• G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
• G02F 1/035 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

Provided is an optical fiber ribbon capable of concurrently ensuring mid-span access performance and cable production performance. The optical fiber ribbon 1 includes three or more optical fibers 2 arranged in parallel and connecting portions 3 connecting the adjacent optical fibers 2, the connecting portions 3 being formed intermittently in each of a ribbon longitudinal direction X and a ribbon width direction Y. The optical fiber ribbon 1 including the connecting portions 3 having split strength which is set in the range from 1.50 gf to 21.0 gf, contributes to exhibiting both the mid-span access performance and the cable production performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

An optical modulator according to the present invention comprises an input optical splitting unit for bifurcating input light; a final optical coupling unit for coupling optical signals in a polarization state orthogonal to each other; an intermediate optical coupling unit provided in an intermediate position between the input optical splitting unit and the final optical coupling unit; first and second optical paths for connecting the input optical splitting unit and the intermediate optical coupling unit, optical path lengths of the first and second optical paths are approximately equal; third and fourth optical paths for connecting the intermediate optical coupling unit and the final optical coupling unit, optical path lengths of third and fourth optical paths are approximately equal; and three binary phase modulation unit arranged one by one in each of the three optical paths of the first, second, third and fourth optical paths.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour

Abstract

Provided is an optical fiber ribbon capable of achieving higher density and reduction in diameter and accurately placing optical fibers in V-shape grooves in a fusion machine without failure. The optical fiber ribbon 1 includes three or more of optical fibers 2 arranged in parallel and connecting portions 3 each connecting adjacent two optical fibers 2 together, the connecting portions 3 being intermittently provided in each of a ribbon longitudinal direction and a ribbon width direction. The optical fiber ribbon 1 has an outer diameter dimension of the optical fibers 2 which is set to smaller than or equal to 220 µm, and has a distance between the centers of the adjacent two optical fibers which is set to 250 30 µm.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

A transmitter apparatus of a communication system comprises: a band spreading unit that divides a transmitted signal into a plurality of subspectrums at a first sampling rate (F1) and further generates, from the subspectrums obtained by the division, one or more low-rate intermediate combined signals; and a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the intermediate combined signals at a second sampling rate (F2) higher than the first sampling rate (F1) (F2 > F1) for spread into a wide band. A receiver apparatus comprises: a demultiplexing unit that extracts, from a received signal, one or more low-rate intermediate combined signals at the second sampling rate (F2); and a band combining unit that combines the intermediate combined signals at the first sampling rate (F1), thereby extracting the subspectrums to reconstruct the transmitted signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04J 11/00 - Orthogonal multiplex systems
• H04L 27/01 - Equalisers

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to suppress a coating resin from being shaved off in an event where optical fibers are sent out from a coating dice. When a Young's modulus of ultraviolet curable resins 13 located on outermost layers of optical fibers 3 is 300 MPa or more, and the Young's modulus is 300 MPa to 600 MPa, a plurality of the optical fibers 3 in which friction force measured by the following measurement method is 0.3 N or less are arranged in parallel to one another, these respective optical fibers 3 are fixed to one another intermittently along a longitudinal direction thereof, and adhered portions 5 are formed. A ring 30a is formed of an optical fiber specimen 30, an end portion 30b on one end side of the optical fiber specimen 30 is inserted into the ring 30a so as to make a knot, and a contact portion 30d in which portions of the resin are brought into contact with each other is formed. In this state, the respective end portions 30b, 30c on both sides of the ring 30a are grasped and pulled in a direction of being spaced apart from each other, and friction force between the portions of the resin at the contact portion 30d at this pulling time is measured.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/44 - Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables

Abstract

To reduce the amount of computation by a de-noise filter, while continuing to suppress reduction in encoding efficiency. In a video encoding/decoding device that encodes or decodes video using a loop filter, a deviation calculation unit calculates the degree of deviation between a target pixel for de-noising and a pixel in the vicinity of the target pixel, using a decoded image. A template shape setting unit limits the template shape such that the lower the degree of deviation compared to a maximum deviation value inside the decoded image, the smaller the template shape. The loop filter performs template matching on the basis of the limited template shape and removes the noise in the target pixel, when removing the noise in the target pixel using the weighted sum of the weight corresponding to the degree of template similarity between the template for the target pixel and the templates for each search point within the search shape and a pixel value in the relevant search point.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/82 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
• H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
• H04N 19/14 - Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
• H04N 19/182 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
• H04N 19/59 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
• G06T 5/20 - Image enhancement or restoration by the use of local operators

Abstract

The computational complexity of a denoising filter is reduced while suppressing a reduction in coding efficiency. In an image processing apparatus, an edge direction detection unit calculates an edge direction using a denoising target image. A search shape setting unit sets a search shape in which the number of search points along the direction perpendicular to the edge direction is smaller than the number of search points along the edge direction, using the calculated edge direction as an index used for limiting the search shape. When noise of a target pixel is removed with a weight in accordance with the degree of template similarity between a template for the target pixel and a template for each of search points within a search shape and the weighted sum of pixel values at the search points, a filter execution unit executes a process of performing template matching on only search points within the set search shape and removing the noise of the target pixel.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/82 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
• H04N 19/126 - Quantisation - Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
• H04N 19/50 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding

Abstract

Provided is a waveguide-type polarization beam splitter in which deterioration of a polarization extinction ratio due to temperature change and wavelength change is suppressed. The waveguide-type polarization beam splitter includes: input optical waveguides; a first multimode interference optical coupler; a pair of optical waveguide arms; a second multimode interference optical coupler; and output optical waveguides. A quarter wavelength delay is provided in one of the pair of optical waveguide arms, a groove is formed to extend across both of the pair of optical waveguide arms, and two quarter wave plates are provided in the groove to extend respectively across the arms. Polarization axes of the respective quarter wave plates are orthogonal to each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/126 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
• G02B 5/30 - Polarising elements

Abstract

Provided is a waveguide-type polarization beam splitter in which deterioration of a polarization extinction ratio due to temperature change and wavelength change is suppressed. A groove is formed to extend across the pair of optical waveguide arms and two quarter wave plates are provided in the groove to extend respectively across the arms. Polarization axes of a quarter wave plates are orthogonal to each other. A first optical coupler which gives a phase difference of 0° or 180° between coupled or split light beams and a second optical coupler which gives a phase difference of 900 or -90° between coupled or split light beams are used in combination.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/126 - Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects

Abstract

A reduction in residual energy of inter-frame prediction with motion compensation and improvement in encoding efficiency are achieved by using a region-dividing type adaptive interpolation filter that takes an edge property of a picture into consideration. An edge calculation unit calculates edge information from reference picture data designated by a motion vector. A region dividing unit divides an encoding target frame into a plurality of regions that are units to which interpolation filters are adaptively applied based on the edge information. A filter coefficient optimizing unit optimizes an interpolation filter for a fractional-accuracy pixel for each of the regions. A reference picture interpolating unit interpolates the fractional-accuracy pixel of a reference picture using the optimized interpolation filter, and a predictive encoding unit performs predictive encoding using motion compensation of fractional-accuracy.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/80 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
• H04N 19/513 - Processing of motion vectors
• H04N 19/523 - Motion estimation or motion compensation with sub-pixel accuracy

Abstract

In an optical component configured to fix to a mount an optical device chip in which waveguide type optical devices having different thermal expansion coefficients are butt-jointed, deterioration in reliability due to thermal stress is suppressed. The optical component comprises an optical device chip including an LN waveguide, a first PLC waveguide, a second PLC waveguide, and a fiber alignment member, a mount, and optical fibers. Each of connection faces between the first PLC waveguide and the fiber alignment member is configured as a tilted structure, and each of connection faces between the LN waveguide, and the first and second PLC waveguides is configured as a right-angled structure. In the right-angled structure, the connection faces are connected by an adhesive having a lower Young's modulus than that of an adhesive used on the connection faces of the tilted structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/30 - Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths

Abstract

Video encoding is realized with small deterioration in image quality while suppressing underflow of a coded picture buffer (CPB) and with a smaller calculation amount than conventional 2-pass encoding. A video encoding control method which encodes an input video signal by controlling a generated bit rate so that a hypothetical buffer in a decoder does not fail includes: a step of sequentially encoding each picture in an encoding-order picture group in accordance with a predetermined encoding parameter, the encoding-order picture group including a predetermined number of pictures and being a collection of successive pictures in the order of encoding; a step of calculating a quantization statistic of each picture based on quantization parameter information used to encode each picture each time each picture is encoded, and checking whether or not the quantization statistic exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and a step of if the quantization statistic exceeds the predetermined threshold value, changing the encoding parameter so that the generated bit rate resulting from encoding is reduced and performing re-encoding from a first picture of an encoding-order picture group that is being encoded using the changed encoding parameter.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/192 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
• H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
• H04N 19/124 - Quantisation
• H04N 19/15 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by monitoring actual compressed data size at the memory before deciding storage at the transmission buffer
• H04N 19/172 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
• H04N 19/177 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
• H04N 19/196 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters

Abstract

A video encoding control method for controlling encoding of an input video signal. The method includes the steps of detecting an underflow of a decoder buffer; if the underflow of the decoder buffer has been detected, suppressing an amount of generated code by skipping an encoding target picture or by encoding the encoding target picture so as to produce a minimum amount of generated code; after suppressing the amount of generated code, comparing a current rate of occupancy in the decoder buffer with a predetermined threshold for the rate of occupancy in the decoder buffer; and performing a control for continuously suppressing the amount of code generated for each encoding target image by using the above step of suppressing the amount of generated code until the rate of occupancy in the decoder buffer exceeds the threshold based on a result of the above comparison.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/146 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
• H04N 19/136 - Incoming video signal characteristics or properties

Abstract

In an optical component, a part of a waveguide type optical device is fixed to a convex portion of a mount. The optical component includes an optical device support base, a presser member and a presser support base. The optical device support base is interposed between the mount and the presser member enough to be slidable in a direction parallel to surfaces of the mount and the presser member.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 6/26 - Optical coupling means
• G02B 6/122 - Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths

Abstract

Provided is a video quality estimation device comprising: a packet analyzing unit (10) that derives the bit rate of an encoded video packet included in an inputted packet, and derives the bit quantity for each of the encoded video frame types of the encoded video packet; a video subset frame characteristic estimation unit (11) that derives the frame characteristics of each of the video frame types from the bit rate derived by the packet analyzing unit (10); and an encoding quality estimation unit (12) that derives a video quality value that quantitatively indicates the quality of encoded video data affected by deterioration in encoding, on the basis of the bit rate and the bit quantity on a per video frame type basis. A video quality estimation device (1) is thereby provided that takes into account the bit quantity on the per video frame type basis, estimating video quality more accurately.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/154 - Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion
• H04N 19/177 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
• H04N 19/44 - Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder

Abstract

In a wireless transmission system that transmits and receives a single carrier modulated signal between a transmitter and a receiver that are coupled through a wireless transmission path, the transmitter includes a spectrum division filter bank dividing the single carrier modulated signal and generating a plurality of sub- spectrum signals each of which is arranged at a predetermined frequency position, and subjects the plurality of sub-spectrum signals arranged in spectra to a direct spectrum division transmission, and the receiver includes a spectrum combination filter bank extracting the plurality of sub-spectrum signals from the received signals arranged in spectra and subjected to the direct spectrum division transmission to combine the sub-spectrum signals into an original single carrier modulated signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04J 11/00 - Orthogonal multiplex systems
• H04J 1/00 - Frequency-division multiplex systems

Abstract

The disclosed multi-view image coding/decoding device first obtains depth information for an object photographed in an area subject to processing. Next, a group of pixels in an already-coded (decoded) area which is adjacent to the area subject to processing and in which the same object as in the area subject to processing has been photographed is determined using the depth information and set as a sample pixel group. Then, a view synthesis image is generated for the pixels included in the sample pixel group and the area subject to processing. Next, correction parameters to correct illumination and color mismatches in the sample pixel group are estimated from the view synthesis image and the decoded image. A predicted image is then generated by correcting the view synthesis image relative to the area subject to processing using the estimated correction parameters.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
• H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof
• H04N 19/182 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
• H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
• H04N 19/46 - Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
• H04N 19/50 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
• H04N 5/262 - Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects