A semiconductor device is formed on a bulk substrate of n-type GaN. The semiconductor device has a material layer grown on the bulk substrate. A first surface of the bulk substrate facing away from the material layer is mechanically roughened and a negative electrical contact is formed on the roughened surface using a low work function metal.
One embodiment provides a system which facilitates construction of an ensemble of neural network-based classifiers that optimize a diversity metric. During operation, the system defines a diversity metric based on pairwise angles between decision boundaries of three or more affine classifiers. The system includes the diversity metric as a regularization term in a loss function optimization for designing a pair of mutually orthogonal affine classifiers of the three or more affine classifiers. The system trains one or more neural networks such that parameters of the one or more neural networks are consistent with parameters of the affine classifiers to obtain an ensemble of neural network-based classifiers which optimize the diversity metric. The system predicts an outcome for a testing data object based on the obtained ensemble of neural-network based classifiers which optimize the diversity metric.
Systems for hydrocarbon pyrolysis are provided, which may comprise a reactor configured to contain a liquid metal; a heater operably coupled to the reactor to form a heating zone; a cooler operably coupled to the reactor to form a cooling zone; a gas delivery assembly comprising an inlet and configured to deliver a feed gas comprising a hydrocarbon as a plurality of bubbles through the liquid metal; an outlet configured to deliver a product gas to a separation assembly, the product gas formed from pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon in the liquid metal, the product gas comprising H2 and carbon; and the separation assembly configured to separate the carbon from other components of the product gas. The reactor is configured to entrain the carbon from pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon in the liquid metal into the product gas without accumulating the carbon in the interior chamber during pyrolysis.
A system and method provide a combination of a modular message structure, a priority-based message packing scheme, and a data packet queue management system to optimize the information content of a transmitted message in, for example, the Ocean of Things (OoT) environment. The modular message structure starts with a header that provides critical information and reference points for time and location. The rest of the message is composed of modular data packets, each of which has a data ID section that the message decoder uses for reference when reconstructing the message contents, an optional size section that specifies the length of the following data section if it can contain data of variable length, and a data section that can be compressed in a manner unique to that data type. The message packing scheme uses a combination of priority level and minimum reporting interval, both of which are dynamically configurable for each data packet type, to maximize the value of the information contained in the modular data packets included in each message. Finally, the data packet queues manage temporary storage of data packets that have been generated but not yet included in an outgoing message.
A feedback system (10) that identifies characteristics of an object (44, 164, 74) and utilizes the characteristics to initiate and adjust a field applied to the object (44, 164, 74) is provided. The system includes an array (49) of array phase elements (42a, 42b) made of metamaterials that allow precise shaping of the field to be applied to a particular portion of an object (44, 164, 74) based on characteristics (23, 25) of the object (44, 164, 74). Sensors (41, 54, 71) are utilized to monitor a condition of the object (44, 164, 74) being supercooled. Specifically, characteristics (23, 25) of the object (44, 164, 74) are measured at different points, areas, or volumes on the object and the measurements (23, 25) are used to determine whether a desired result is being achieved. Based on the measurements, parameters (23, 25) of the field can be adjusted (88).
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
A23L 3/26 - Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
A feedback system (10) and method that identify characteristics of a colloid (62) and utilize the characteristics to initiate and adjust a field applied to the colloid are described. Machine learning can be leveraged to automatically identify a condition (23, 25) of the colloid and adjust the field parameters (23, 25). Sensors are utilized e.g. during supercooling to monitor a condition of the colloid being supercooled. Specifically, characteristics of the colloid are measured and used to determine whether supercooling is being achieved or whether the colloid is starting to undergo an undesirable phase change. Based on the measurements, parameters of the field can be adjusted. When desired, rate of phase change can be controlled to achieve desired characteristics of the colloid. Further, under some circumstances, a phase change (such as freezing or melting) of a colloid (such as chocolate) may be desired.
A contact interfacing conductive receptacle (47) is provided. The contact interfacing conductive receptacle (47) includes a housing sized to receive an object (28) including water. The housing includes one or more non-transfer material pieces (48) and two or more transfer material pieces (46). Each transfer material piece (46) is configured to provide conductivity and provides a field to a different portion of the object (28). The transfer material pieces (46) are integrated with the non-transfer material pieces (48).
A23L 3/32 - Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with electric currents without heating effect
A method (30) for feedback-based supercooling. One or more composition characteristics of an object, such as a food object, are identified (31). A value for the identified composition characteristics, such as a fat content, is determined. One or more parameters are determined (32) for one or more fields, including electromagnetic, magnetic or electric fields based on the determined values for one or more of the identified composition characteristics. The object is supercooled by applying (33) the fields to the object using the parameters. One or more of the composition characteristics or characteristics of the field are monitored (35) during application of the fields via at least one feedback sensor and one or more of the parameters for the field are adjusted (37) based on the monitored composition characteristics or field characteristics.
A feedback-based device (11) for nucleation control is provided. A supercooling tray (40) is sized to hold an object (44). Field generators (42 a,b, 43 a,b) include at least one magnet (42 a,b) or a pair of electrodes (43 a,b) located on opposite sides of the supercooling tray. One or more feedback sensors (41) are configured to determine characteristics of the object (44) at one or more spatial locations at multiple time points and each feedback sensor (41) includes one of a reflectivity, electrical, acoustic, or hyperspectral sensor. A controller (45) is configured to determine supercooling parameters based on the characteristics determined at the multiple time points and to control application of a field directed at the object (44) by the field generators (42 a,b, 43 a,b) based on the supercooling parameter.
A method (40) for forming crystallized forms of water is provided. Water is maintained (41) in a container. A field is applied (53) to the water, and the water is maintained (42) in liquid form at a below freezing temperature via the applied field. Movement of the water in liquid form is created (44) out of the container and ice is formed from the water upon the movement from the container.
A 3D printing system and methods to selectively pattern dense feedstock based on selective inhibition sintering (SIS). A sintering selectivity agent (inhibitor or promoter) is selectively deposited on a build layer according to the pattern boundary. When the layers are built-up and the part is sintered, the inhibited region remains unbound, thus defining the edge of the part. The material contain powder embedded in cohesive binder that make the adjacent layer adhere together. The build process involves forming the sheets of dense feedstock embedded binder, followed by depositing ink to promote selective sintering onto the layer. Once the build is complete, the process continues with the binder removal, sintering and finishing processes.
A method (30) for feedback-based beverage (27) supercooling is provided. An object is identified as a liquid beverage (27). Cooling is applied (34) to the beverage. The beverage (27) reaches a temperature in a range of -1° C and -20° C and maintains a liquid form. The beverage (27) maintains a liquid form via at least one field applied to the beverage (27). The field is adjusted (38) based on a change in characteristics of the beverage to maintain the liquid form.
F25D 23/12 - Arrangements of compartments additional to cooling compartments; Combinations of refrigerators with other equipment, e.g. stove
A23L 3/32 - Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with electric currents without heating effect
13.
CONTROLLING CELL FUNCTIONING AND MOTILITY WITH THE AID OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER
A feedback-based system 10 and method 30 that identifies (32, 36) characteristics (23, 25) of one or more cells (53, 56, 58) and utilizes the characteristics to initiate (34) and adjust (39) a field applied to the one or more cells (53, 56, 58) are provided. Machine learning can be leveraged to automatically identify characteristics (23, 25) of the cells and adjust (39) the parameters (23, 25) of the field based on the characteristics (23, 25). Sensors (71) are utilized during the application of the field to monitor (36) characteristics (23, 25) and parameters (23, 25). Characteristics (23, 25) of the cells are measured (36) at different points, and the measurements (23, 25) are used to determine whether the desired effect has been achieved. Parameters (23, 25) of the field can be adjusted (39) to achieve the desired effect on cell functioning, cell motility, or both.
A feedback system (10) and method (30) that identifies characteristics (23, 25) of one or more cells (56) being grown on a metasurface (62) and utilizes the characteristics to initiate (35) and adjust (40) a field applied to the metasurface (62) to control adhesion of the cells (56) to and from the metasurface (62) are provided. The metasurface (62) includes a plurality of structures (57) whose resonances have a wavelength range of 250nm-3microns. In one embodiment, the system (10) and method (30) leverage machine learning to automatically identify characteristics (23, 25) of the one or more cells (56) or the metasurface (62) and adjust (40) the parameters. Sensors (71) are utilized during field application to monitor characteristics (23, 25) of the cells (56) or the metasurface (62) and parameters (23, 25) of the field. Parameters (23, 25) can be adjusted (39) to achieve the desired effect on the detachment.
A system and method for providing Website navigation recommendations is provided. A Web page of interest is identified as a destination Web page. A domain of Web pages related to the destination Web page is determined. Information is extracted from each Web page in the domain and a recommendation comprising instructions for navigating to the destination Web page is generated based on the extracted information.
A system comprises an electrodialysis apparatus, which includes first and second reservoirs, wherein a salt concentration in the first reservoir reduces below a threshold concentration and salt concentration in the second reservoir increases during an operation mode. A first electrode comprises a first solution of a first redox-active electrolyte material, and a second electrode comprises a second solution of a second redox-active electrolyte material. In a first reversible redox reaction between the first electrode and first electrolyte material at least one ion is accepted from the first reservoir, and in a second reversible redox reaction between the second electrode and second electrolyte material at least one ion is driven into the second reservoir. A first type of membrane is disposed between the first and second reservoirs, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between the respective electrodes and reservoirs.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
17.
COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UPDATING USER INTEREST PROFILES
A computer-implemented system and method for updating user interest profiles is provided. An interest profile having a mapping of interest categories and interest scores for each interest category is obtained. User generated items are identified from online profiles and a portion of the user generated items are associated with a time stamp. A similarity mapping is performed by comparing each user generated item with each interest category. An interest index score is determined for each interest category based on one of the user generated items compared. A threshold is applied to the interest index scores for each category. The interest score associated with one such category in the mapping is replaced with the interest index score, when the interest index score for that category is above the threshold. The interest profile is adjusted by applying a decay to those interest index scores associated with time stamps determined for the categories.
The present disclosure is directed to an electrodialytic stack with a concentrate stream that moves through a concentrate flow path bounded by a central ion exchange membrane and a first outer ion exchange membrane. A dilute stream moves through a dilute flow path bounded by the central ion exchange membrane and a second outer ion exchange membrane. A redox shuttle loop is separated from the concentrate and dilute streams by the first and second outer ion exchange membranes, respectively. The outer ion exchange membranes are a different type than the central ion exchange membrane. Electrodes are operable to apply a voltage across the stack. At least one collection of ion exchange materials is located in at least one of the flow paths. The ion exchange materials migrate ions between the central ion exchange membrane and at least one of the outer ion exchange membranes.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 61/48 - Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material
A radiative cooling composition comprises a first component having >55% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm and a second component having >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in a range of 4-35 μm. A third pigmented component of the composition is configured to emit at least a fraction of absorbed energy, and in certain embodiments the pigmented component comprises at least one phosphor.
A method includes adding particles to an alkaline solution, stirring the solution to cause the particles to acquire hydroxyl groups producing activated particles, dispersing the activated particles into a solvent solution, adding acetylene benzoxazine into the solvent solution, mixing the solvent solution, removing the solvent from the solvent solution to produce acetylene-benzoxazine functionalized particles, and drying the acetylene- benzoxazine functionalized particles. A composition of matter has acetylene- benzoxazine functionalized particles dispersed in a resin.
C08K 9/04 - Ingredients treated with organic substances
C08L 79/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups
C09C 3/08 - Treatment with low-molecular-weight organic compounds
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
C04B 35/571 - Fine ceramics obtained from polymer precursors
Ferrocene based redox-active compounds have a total number of cyclopentadienyl substituents that is three or greater per ferrocene core. The cyclopentadienyl substituents generally have a linker and a solubilizing group. An aqueous solution of the redox-active compound and a salt may be used as an electrolyte. Aqueous compositions including the redox- active compounds may be used in electrodialysis systems.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
An electrodialysis apparatus comprises a first reservoir wherein salt dissolved in solvent is reduced below a threshold concentration and a second reservoir wherein the salt concentration increases. A first electrode contacts a first solution of a first redox-active electrolyte material, and a second electrode contacts a second solution of a second redox-active electrolyte material. A first type of membrane is disposed between the first and second reservoirs and a second type of membrane is disposed between the first electrode and the first reservoir and between the second electrode and the second reservoir. A color measuring device is coupled to at least one of the solutions, and a control system is configured to modify the value of a property of at least one of the first and second solutions in response to detecting a color value of one of the solutions exceeding a threshold color value.
F24F 3/14 - Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by dehumidification
A ceramic matrix composite has fibers, a ceramic matrix bonded to the fibers, and ceramic particles, distributed throughout the matrix. A method includes mixing a high char ceramic resin precursor with ceramic particles, adding a catalyst to create a mixture, heating the mixture to produce functionalized ceramic particles, and cooling the mixture to produce a resin haying functionalized particles.
Methods comprising: contacting a carbon fiber seed to a carbon-metal melt, drawing the carbon fiber seed to form a carbon fiber. And, systems and apparatuses comprising: a carbon fiber reactor for fabricating carbon fiber, the reactor comprising a receptacle for containing a carbon-metal melt, and a plurality of nozzles through which a plurality of menisci are formed by the carbon-metal melt for contact with a carbon seed to fabricate the carbon fiber.
A porous polymer aerogel, wherein the aerogel has greater than 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone. A method of fabrication of a porous polymer aerogel amine material, includes preparing a solution comprising at least a solvent, amine monomers having protected amino groups, one or more crosslinkers, one or more radical initiators, and a nitroxide mediator, removing oxygen from the solution, heating the solution to promote polymerization and to produce a polymerized material, performing solvent exchange with the polymerized material, causing a deprotection reaction in the polymerized material to remove groups protecting the amino groups, soaking and rinsing the material to remove excess reagents and any byproducts of the deprotection reaction, and drying the material to produce the amine sorbent. A system to separate CO2 from other gases, comprising a polymer porous aerogel sorbent having greater than 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
A porous polymer aerogel, wherein the aerogel has greater than 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone. A method of fabrication of a porous polymer aerogel amine material, includes preparing a solution comprising at least a solvent, amine monomers having protected amino groups, one or more crosslinkers, one or more radical initiators, and a nitroxide mediator, removing oxygen from the solution, heating the solution to promote polymerization and to produce a polymerized material, performing solvent exchange with the polymerized material, causing a deprotection reaction in the polymerized material to remove groups protecting the amino groups, soaking and rinsing the material to remove excess reagents and any byproducts of the deprotection reaction, and drying the material to produce the amine sorbent. A system to separate CO2 from other gases, comprising a polymer porous aerogel sorbent having greater than 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers integrated into a polymer backbone.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
27.
LIQUID METAL CONDENSATE CATALYZED HYDROCARBON PYROLYSIS
Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
There is described is described a modular point-of-purchase display, system and method. The modular point of purchase display includes a back wall and a front wall, a bottom wall, at least one side wall, and at least one shelf. A printed electronic device is affixed to a surface of the back wall, the front wall, the bottom wall, the at least one side wall, and the at least one shelf The display includes a microcontroller electrically coupled to the printed electronic device. The display includes a power supply electrically coupled to the printed electronic device. The display includes a connection device coupled to the printed electronic device. The display includes a modular component coupled to the connection device, wherein the modular component can be removed and replaced with an alternate modular component compatible with the connection device.
A47F 5/00 - Show stands, hangers, or shelves characterised by their constructional features
A47F 5/11 - Adjustable or foldable display stands made of cardboard, paper, or the like
G09F 9/33 - Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
32.
ELECTRODIALYTIC LIQUID DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFYING SYSTEM
Air flows across an air-liquid interface such that liquid desiccant flowing through the interface absorbs water from the air and is thereby diluted to form an output stream. The output stream is circulated through an electrodialytic stack having a central ionic exchange membrane and first and second outer ionic exchange membranes. A redox shuttle loop circulates around the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes. A voltage is applied across the electrodialytic stack, which regenerates the liquid desiccant.
A system includes an electrodialysis device with a salinate chamber through which a salinate stream flows. A desalinate chamber is separated from the salinate chamber by a central, ion-selective membrane. A desalinate stream flows through the desalinate chamber. An anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber are on opposite outer sides of the salinate and desalinate chambers and separated therefrom by first and second ionic exchange membranes. A solvent exchange interface is in contact on a first side with the salinate stream and is in contact a media flow on a second side. The solvent exchange interface moves a solvent from the media flow to the salinate stream.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Computer software for collaborative authoring or creation of
documents and related content, namely, document management,
document search and categorization, document analysis,
document creation and editing, document and image
processing; software for scanning, importing images and
documents; Computer software for document production,
document understanding, document and content related
workflow management, namely, automated and human systems
processing; Computer software that integrates elements
comprising natural language processing, natural language
generation, natural language understanding, computational
linguistics, information retrieval, human systems
processing, automated systems processing and machine
learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses;
electronic media recorded with instruction manuals in the
field of computer software for integrating elements
comprising natural language processing, natural language
generation, natural language understanding, computational
linguistics, information retrieval, human systems
processing, automated systems and machine learning to
comprehend queries and formulate responses; computer
programs in the nature of natural language processing
software to process financial and legal documents; software
for the automation of cognitive analysis, searching and
sorting of both numerical and qualitative data; software for
the automation of cognitive analysis, searching and sorting
of documents; software for use in search and retrieval of
information and for social networking. Business management consulting; data processing services;
namely, business data analysis, market research; collection
and systemization of business data; compilation of business
data; preparation of statistics, namely, compiling
statistics for business purposes; business information
services; business management consulting services and
business management and consulting services relating to
computer that integrates Natural Language Processing;
business development services; data processing services and
cloud-based business services, namely, business consultation
services via cloud computing networks arranging and
conducting trade show exhibitions in the field of computers,
computer services, information technology and electronic
business transactions via a global computer network,
computer that integrates Natural Language Processing,
Computational Linguistics, Information Retrieval Human
systems processing, automated systems processing and Machine
Learning capable of understanding general human queries and
formulating responses. Providing cloud-based software, computer network based
collaborative authoring software for document and content
management comprising of document management, document
search and categorization, document analysis, document
creation and editing, document and image processing for
documents including proposals, contracts, patents,
statements of work, requests for information, sales,
marketing materials including collateral, instruction
manuals; providing on-line non-downloadable software for
searching, retrieving, tracking, analyzing, and storing
marketing data and for developing and delivering marketing
campaigns; providing on-line non-downloadable cloud-based or
computer network based software featuring software for
searching, creating, saving, editing, displaying, sending,
signing, and managing, contracts, regulatory filings,
compliance documents, health records, clinical trials
documentation and other legal documents; computer software
consultancy utilizing natural language processing,
computational linguistics, information retrieval, human
systems processing, automated systems and machine learning
to comprehend queries and formulate responses; consultancy
services in relation to search and social networking
software utilizing natural language processing,
computational linguistics, information retrieval, human
systems processing, automated systems and machine learning
to comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based
responses; design and development of computer software;
design and development of cloud-based computer software;
design and development of computer network software;
providing cloud-based computer software in the field of
natural language processing, computational linguistics,
information retrieval, human systems processing, automated
systems, machine learning to comprehend queries and
formulate responses, process financial and legal documents;
providing on-line non- downloadable cloud-based software for
services in the field of natural language processing,
computational linguistics, information retrieval, human
systems processing, automated systems and machine learning
to comprehend queries and formulate responses, process
financial and legal documents; design and installation of
automation software technology services; providing on-line
non-downloadable automation software technology services,
namely, providing cloud-based software featuring technology
for enabling ai machine learning for use in scientific
research; automation software technology services, namely,
providing cloud-based software featuring technology for
enabling AI machine learning for use in regulatory matters,
design of data processing apparatus, cloud-based software
for utilizing natural language processing, computational
linguistics, information retrieval, human systems
processing, automated systems and machine learning to
comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based
responses; providing on-line non-downloadable cloud-based
software development, programming and implementation in
relation to utilizing natural language processing,
computational linguistics, information retrieval, human
systems processing, automated systems and machine learning
to comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based
responses; providing on-line non-downloadable computer
software services for the computerized automation of
administrative processes; Providing cloud-based software for
patents, namely, software for searching, analyzing,
evaluating, generating, drafting, filing, prosecuting,
managing, licensing, trading, and litigating patents, patent
applications, patent-related documents, utilizing natural
language processing, computational linguistics, information
retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and
machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate
responses.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Recorded and downloadable computer software for collaborative authoring or creation of documents and related content, namely, document management, document search and categorization, document analysis, document creation and editing, document and image processing; recorded and downloadable software for scanning, importing images and documents; recorded and downloadable computer software for document production, document and content related workflow management, namely, automated and human systems processing; recorded and downloadable computer software that integrates elements comprising natural language processing, natural language generation, natural language understanding, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems processing and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses; CD-ROMs sold with instruction manuals therefor, all featuring information on computer software for integrating elements comprising natural language processing, natural language generation, natural language understanding, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses; CD-ROMs featuring computer software for use in integrating elements comprising natural language processing, natural language generation, natural language understanding, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses, which is sold with instruction manuals therefor; recorded and downloadable computer programs in the nature of natural language processing software to process financial and legal documents; recorded and downloadable software for the automation of cognitive analysis, searching and sorting of both numerical and qualitative data; recorded and downloadable software for the automation of cognitive analysis, searching and sorting of documents; software for use in search and retrieval of information, namely, computer search engine software; software for social networking. (1) Providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable software, namely, cloud-based software for use in database management in the medical field; providing the temporary use of online nondownlodable software, namely, computer network based collaborative authoring software for document and content management comprising computer programs for use in document management, document search and categorization, document analysis, document creation and editing, and document and image processing for documents with the foregoing being for documents including proposals, contracts, patents, statements of work, requests for information, sale documents, marketing materials, collateral-related marketing materials, and instruction manuals; providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable software for searching, retrieving, tracking, analyzing, and storing marketing data and for developing and delivering marketing campaigns; providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable software via the cloud and computer networks, namely, software for searching, creating, saving, editing, displaying, sending, signing, and managing contracts, regulatory filings, compliance documents, health records, clinical trials documentation and other legal documents; computer software consultancy utilizing natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses; computer software consultancy services in relation to search and social networking software utilizing natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based responses; design and development of computer software; design and development of cloud-based computer software; design and development of computer network software; providing cloud-based computer software, namely, providing software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for use in content management analysis processing, all for use in the fields of natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems, machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses, processing financial and legal documents; cloud-based software for services, namely, providing software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for use in content management analysis processing, all for use in the fields of natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses, and processing financial and legal documents; automation software technology services, namely, providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable cloud-based software featuring technology for enabling artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning for use in scientific research; automation software technology services, namely, providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable cloud-based software featuring technology for enabling artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning for use in regulatory matters and design of data processing apparatuses; providing cloud-based software, namely, providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable cloud-based software for utilizing natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based responses; cloud-based software development, programming and implementation in relation to utilizing natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend human queries and formulate confidence-based responses; computer software services, namely, providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable software for use in workflow management for the computerized automation of administrative processes; providing cloud-based software for patents utilizing natural language processing, computational linguistics, information retrieval, human systems processing, automated systems and machine learning to comprehend queries and formulate responses, namely, providing the temporary use of online nondownloadable software for searching, analyzing, evaluating, generating, drafting, filing, prosecuting, managing, licensing, trading, and litigating patents, and for use in searching, analyzing, evaluating, generating, drafting, filing, prosecuting, and managing patent applications, and for use in searching, analyzing, evaluating, generating, drafting, and filing patent-related documents.
A method for printing including disposing a first ink onto a substrate to form a first ink layer on the substrate in an area where a diagnostic image will be printed; disposing a second ink onto the first ink layer to form a second ink diagnostic image, wherein the first ink has a first color density and the second ink has a second color density that is different from the first ink color density, wherein the second ink drops hit and displace areas of the first ink layer creating holes which provide a density contrast; curing or drying after forming the second ink diagnostic image; wherein the second ink diagnostic image is rendered visible by the contrast between the second ink diagnostic image and the substrate as compared to the first ink layer and the substrate.
B41M 5/00 - Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
B41J 3/407 - Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
The present teachings include a process, system and article for forming a printed image on a textile. The process includes coating the solution of an orthosilicate to form a silica network on the textile. The process includes applying an ink composition to the textile having the silica network on the textile, forming an image.
B41F 17/00 - Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
B41M 5/50 - Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
The present teachings include a process, system and article for forming a printed image on a textile. In some embodiments, the process includes coating the textile with a layer of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride cationic polymer and coating the textile with the layer of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride cationic polymer with a layer of poly- 4-styrene sulfonate anionic polymer. The process can further include applying an ink composition to the textile having the layer of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride cationic polymer layer and the layer of poly-4-styrene sulfonate anionic polymer, forming an image.
Disclosed are methods and systems of providing carbon nanotubes decorated with polymer coated metal nanoparticles. Then, annealing the metal coated carbon nanotubes to reduce a quantity of hydrophilic components of the polymer coating.
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
40.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PYROLYSIS USING A LIQUID METAL CATALYST
A process for decomposing a hydrocarbon-containing composition incudes feeding the hydrocarbon-containing composition to a reactor containing a catalytically active molten metal or a catalytically active molten metal alloy, wherein the metal or alloy catalyzes a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon-containing composition into a hydrogen-rich gas phase and a solid carbon phase. The solid carbon phase is insoluble in the metal or alloy. The process may be a continuous process.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10B 53/06 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale or bituminous rocks
C10B 55/00 - Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar or the like, or mixtures thereof, with solid carbonaceous materials
A small, inexpensive, printable meta-antenna system is described. In addition to being smaller than existing antennas, the meta-antenna improves over them by being omni- directional, and having a broader gain function and better efficiency. Some embodiments include a main element with a shape of a loop and two parasitic elements enclosed by the main element. Each parasitic element may be shaped as a loop with an opening. The openings of the two parasitic elements may be positioned adjacent to opposing sides of the main element, respectively.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 1/38 - Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
42.
METHODS FOR REJUVENATING AN IMAGING MEMBER OF AN INK-BASED DIGITAL PRINTING SYSTEM
Disclosed herein are methods for an ink-based digital printing system, comprising providing an imaging member a reimageable surface layer disposed on a structural mounting layer, the reimageable surface layer comprising a fluorosilicone elastomer and an infrared-absorbing filler comprising carbon black, and a plurality of surface defects on the reimageable surface layer, wherein the surface defects comprises carbon black exposed through the fluorosilicone elastomer of the reimageable surface layer. The method also comprises applying a coating of rejuvenating oil comprising an amino-functional organopolysiloxane to the reimageable surface layer, whereby at least a portion of the plurality of surface defects are coated by the amino-functional organopolysiloxane, thereby rejuvenating the imaging member.
A process for preparing a device and a device including a substrate; an interlayer disposed on the substrate, wherein the interlayer comprises a cured film formed from an interlayer composition, wherein the interlayer composition comprises: an epoxy compound; a polyvinyl phenol; a melamine resin; a solvent; an optional surfactant; and an optional catalyst; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on a surface of the interlayer; a semiconductor layer disposed on the interlayer, wherein the semiconductor layer is disposed into a gap between the source and drain electrode; a back channel interface comprising an interface between the semiconductor layer and the interlayer, wherein the interlayer serves as a back channel dielectric layer for the device; a dielectric layer disposed on the semiconductor layer; a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric layer. Also an interlayer composition and an organic thin film transistor comprising the interlayer composition.
A computer-implemented system and method for detecting vehicle occupancy is provided. Light beam pulses emitted from a lidar system are applied to a passing vehicle. Scans of an object are generated from the light beam pulses. A signal is received from each of the beam pulses reflected at a point of reflection along a segment of the vehicle. A time is measured from when each beam pulse was emitted to receipt of the signal. A distance of the signal from the lidar system is calculated using the measured time. The points of reflection for that vehicle segment are positioned in relation to one another as a scan. The scans are compiled in a consecutive order according to the vehicle and a three-dimensional image of an interior of the vehicle is generated from the consecutive scans. A presence or absence of vehicle occupancy is determined based on the three-dimensional image.
G01S 17/42 - Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates
G01S 17/02 - Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
G01S 17/89 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
G01S 7/48 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 17/50 - Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
Devices and methods are provided for fluid delivery. The device may include a housing having an outer surface which includes a porous membrane, a fluid reservoir disposed in the interior region of the main housing and formed at least in part by a wall structure, a puncture mechanism operable to puncture the wall structure and form a fluidic path between the fluid reservoir and one or more channels in fluid communication with the porous membrane, and a positive displacement mechanism operable, following puncture of the wall structure, to drive a fluid out of the fluid reservoir, through the one or more channels, and into the porous membrane.
A Hydrodynamic separation device using curved channels is provided. High aspect ratio channels improve the focusing dynamics of the hydrodynamic separator and leads to improved channel design choices.
Hydrodynamic separation of suspended particles using curved channels offers advantages in many applications, since it is a fast continuous flow technology that can handle neutrally and near neutrally buoyant particles without the need of a physical barrier or the addition of chemical aids. Designs are provided for a flow splitter at the end of the separation channel, to maintain smooth, counter-vortex-free laminar flow and improve particle separation efficiency while reducing clogging and fouling propensities.
Retention devices and methods are provided for drug delivery. The device may include a housing configured for intraluminal deployment into a human or animal subject and at least one reservoir contained within the housing. The reservoir may have an actuation end and a release end and contain at least one drug formulation. A plug may be contained within the reservoir and be moveable from the actuation end toward the release end. The device may also include an actuation system operably connected to the actuation end of the reservoir and configured to drive the drug formulation from the reservoir. The device may also include at least one retention member affixed to the housing and movable between a non-stressed position, a deployment position, and a retention position for retaining the device in an intraluminal location in the subject.
Devices and methods are provided for drug delivery. The device may include a housing configured for intraluminal deployment into a human or animal subject and first and second reservoirs within the housing, each reservoir having an actuation end, an opposed release end, and a plug moveable from the actuation end toward the release end. First and second drug formulations may be contained in the first and second reservoirs, respectively. The device may also include one or more actuation systems configured to drive the first and second plugs so as to drive the first and second drug formulations from the first and second reservoirs. The housing may include a porous membrane sidewall in fluid communication with the release ends of the first and second reservoirs, the porous membrane sidewall being configured to distribute the first and second drug formulations driven from the first and second reservoirs.
Devices and methods are provided for drug delivery. The device may include a housing configured for intraluminal deployment into a human or animal subject and a reservoir contained within the housing and having an actuation end and a release end. The release end may include at least one outlet. A first drug formulation and a second drug formulation may be disposed within the reservoir and adjacent to each other and immiscible, or separated from each other by a first barrier. The device may also include a plug within the reservoir at the actuation end, the plug being movable toward the release end to drive the first and second drug formulations out of the reservoir. The device may also include an actuation system operably connected to the actuation end of the reservoir and configured to drive the plug toward the release end and release the drug formulations from the reservoir.
Devices and methods are provided for drug delivery. The device may include a housing having a first compartment containing a drug in a dry, solid form, a second compartment containing a liquid carrier for the drug, and an expansion member located within or adjacent to the first or second compartment. The second compartment may be fluidly connectable to the first compartment by a rupturable barrier or mechanical valve. The device may also include an actuation system configured to expand the expansion member to rupture the rupturable barrier or open the mechanical valve and permit the liquid carrier to flow into the first compartment and mix with the drug to form a reconstituted drug solution.
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Business consultation in Internet commerce. Consulting, research and development services in the fields
of printing technology, semiconductors, lasers, linguistics,
microscale devices, sensing and diagnostic electronics,
distributed control, electronic displays, robotics,
cryptography and security electronics, image recognition,
compression and processing, document representations, image
and video analysis, and document content analysis; software
applications development; software systems design; network
design.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Software for network transmission and management; software for creating, facilitating, and managing remote access to and communication with local area networks; software for accessing information directories on internet and intranet computer networks, for management of computer networks interconnecting applications, for data merging; software for electronic file locating, referencing, data extracting, linking, integrating, transforming the information; computer software for electronic data processing of structured and unstructured information for purposes of recognition, classification, and retrieval, as well as intelligent content identification and matching.
A modeled-based reasoning system and method including dynamic domain abstraction, includes the use of an abstraction determining module configured to identify an appropriate abstraction level for a system model of a real-world system to be analyzed, from a plurality of potential abstraction levels. A system reasoning module is configured to perform analysis on the system model of the real-world system at the abstraction level determined to be appropriate by the abstraction determining module.
A method and system for diagnosing any combination of persistent and intermittent faults. The behavior of a system under test is obtained by measuring or probing the system at a particular location(s). The predicted behavior of a modeled system corresponding to the system under test is investigated by drawing inferences based on at least conditional probabilities, prior observations and component models. The predictions are compared to their corresponding points in the system under test. A determination is made if a conflict exists between the measured behavior and the predicted behavior, and the conditional probabilities are adjusted to more and more accurately reflect the action fault(s) in the system under test. The conflicts or deviations between the obtained predicted behavior and the actual behavior are used to isolate the components of the system causing the faults.
A method and computer product is provided to generate a signal model for use in analyzing a model system including imposing an explicit time assumption for each time instant of the system model. The time assumptions are defined so that any two assumptions contradict each other, thereby separating all inferences into the respective times. A non-monotonic rule is applied to instantiate component models of the model system. Results are defined as not depending on the existence of a previous time instant and, a simplified signal model is generated, wherein the signal model represents the evolution of a value in the model system over time.
Fabrication methods for making thin film devices on transparent substrates are described. Gate, source, and drain electrodes of a transistor are formed on a transparent substrate. The widths of the drain electrode and source electrodes are greater than a width of the gate electrode. A dielectric layer is formed on the gate electrode. A semiconductor layer is deposited proximate to the gate, source and drain electrodes. Photoresist is deposited on the semiconductor. The photoresist is exposed to light directed through the transparent substrate so that the gate electrode masks the photoresist from the light. The semiconductor layer is removed in regions exposed to the light.
H01L 29/78 - Field-effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
H01L 27/12 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
A system may include an optical element including a surface defining a recess, conductive material disposed within the recess, and a solder mask disposed over a portion of the conductive material. The solder mask may define an aperture through which light from the optical element may pass. Some aspects provide creation of an optical element including a surface defining a recess, deposition of conductive material on the surface such that a portion of the deposited conductive material is disposed within the recess, and substantial planarization of the surface to expose the portion of the conductive material disposed within the recess.
A system may include an optical element, a thermal-sprayed material disposed on the optical element, and a solar cell coupled to the optical element. Some aspects provide thermal spraying of a first material onto an optical element, and coupling of a solar cell to the optical element. Thermal spraying the first material may include spraying a molten metal powder onto the optical element.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
60.
SOLAR CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE WITH RESILIENT CELL PACKAGE ASSEMBLY
A Cassegrain-type concentrating solar collector cell includes primary and secondary mirrors disposed on opposing convex and concave surfaces of a light-transparent (e.g., glass) optical element. Light enters an aperture surface surrounding the secondary mirror, and is reflected by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror onto a photovoltaic cell, which is disposed in a central cavity formed in the optical element. A resilient, optically transmissive material is disposed in the central cavity between the PV cell and the optical element. The photovoltaic cell as a squarish upper surface including metal electrical contact structures disposed on each of the four corners of the upper surface and arranged to define a circular active area. The PV cell is mounted on a heat slug that is disposed in the central cavity during assembly. The heat slug includes resilient fingers that contact the surface of the cavity to facilitate self-alignment of the PV cell.
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
H02N 6/00 - Generators in which light radiation is directly converted into electrical energy (solar cells or assemblies thereof H01L 25/00, H01L 31/00)
H01L 31/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
61.
PASSIVELY COOLED SOLAR CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE
A Cassegrain-type concentrating solar collector cell includes primary and secondary mirrors disposed on opposing convex and concave surfaces of a light-transparent (e.g., glass) optical element. Light enters an aperture surface surrounding the secondary mirror, and is reflected by the primary mirror toward the secondary mirror, which re-reflects the light onto a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell is mounted on a central portion of heat spreader that extends over the primary mirror. The heat spreader transmits waste heat from the photovoltaic cell in a manner that evenly distributes the heat over the optical element, thereby maximizing the radiation of heat from the aperture surface into space. The heat spreader includes a thick copper layer formed on a flexible substrate (e.g., polyimide film) that is patterned with radial arms that facilitate mounting onto the convex surface of the optical element.
A solar concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) device in which concentrator elements (optics, PV cells and wiring) are laminated to form a composite, substantially planar structure. The concentrator optics are implemented by a solid (e.g. glass) optical element that defines a focal point at which solar light received by the optical element is concentrated. Using vacuum lamination techniques, a printed circuit structure attached by way of an adhesive layer onto a surface of the optical element. The printed circuit structure includes one or more non-conductive layers and conductors that are disposed on the non-conductive layers. The PV cell is connected to printed circuit structure, and is positioned at the focal point of the optical element. Optional front and/or back protective layers are also attached prior to the lamination process. A CPV array includes multiple devices formed on an optical tile using a string-like flexible printed circuit structure.
A concentrating solar collector that utilizes a solar collector optical system to concentrate solar light onto a PV cell (image plane), wherein the solar collector optical system includes an array of first optical elements that divide the solar light into separate beams, and a secondary optical system that integrates (superimposes) the separate beams in a defocused state at the image plane, thereby forming a uniform light distribution pattern on the PV cell. The secondary optical system is positioned at a distance from the aperture plane, whereby the rays of each separate beam leaving the secondary optical element are parallel. The image plane (PV cell) is located at the back focal point of the second image element, whereby all of the separate beams are superimposed on the PV cell in a defocused state. Optional intervening third optical elements are used to increase the acceptance angle.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
A process for generating with unification based grammars such as Lexical Functional Grammars which uses construction and analysis of generation guides to determine internal facts and eliminate incomplete edges prior to constructing a generation chart. The generation guide can then be used in the construction of the generation chart to efficiently generate with unification-based grammars such as Lexical Functional Grammars. The generation guide is an instance of a grammar that has been specialized to the input and only contains those parts of the grammar that are relevant to the input. When the generation guide is analyzed to determine internal facts a smaller generation chart is produced.