An optical network unit is configured to send a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths to an optical line terminal. The optical signals in the plurality of optical signals carry indicating information. The indicating information is used to indicate the wavelength serial number of the optical signal and the temperature information of the laser chip when the optical signal is generated. The optical unit is further configured to receive temperature adjustment information from the optical line terminal; and adjust, based on the temperature adjustment information, the emission wavelength of the laser by adjusting the temperature of the laser chip.
An apparatus include a first circuit board, which has a detection circuit. The first circuit board has a first plurality of cable plugs, wherein each of the cable plugs has an array of electrical contacts such that a same multiwire cable type is physically and electrically pluggable to the different cable plugs of the first plurality. The detection circuit is configured to obtain information indicative of whether, at least, one of the cable plugs is connected by a multiwire cable of the multiwire cable type to a matched cable plug of a second plurality of cable plugs on a second circuit board. The detection circuit is configured to obtain the information by sensing a pattern of direct current signals across a first subset of the electrical contacts of the one of the cable plugs of the first circuit board.
G01R 31/55 - Testing for incorrect line connections
3.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SEGMENTS FOR A DOWNSTREAM TRANSMISSION AND APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING SEGMENTS OF A DOWNSTREAM TRANSMISSION FOR A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
A method for transmitting a first segment of a first modulation format, a second segment of a second modulation format and a third segment of a third modulation format, wherein the second segment is transmitted between the first segment and the third segment, wherein the first modulation format includes a first set of constellation points, wherein the second modulation format includes a second set of constellation points, wherein the third modulation format includes a third set of constellation points, wherein the second set is included in an intersection of the first set and the third set, wherein the first set and the third set differ by at least one constellation point.
Disclosed are methods for precoding in a downlink multiple-input multiple-output system based on an array of subarray architecture. An example method may include: determining an analog precoding matrix for a plurality of radio frequency chains in the downlink multiple-input multiple-output system; determining a digital precoding matrix for the plurality of radio frequency chains based on the determined analog precoding matrix; and performing a hybrid precoding for a plurality of downlink data streams based on the determined digital precoding matrix and the determined analog precoding matrix. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
5.
POINT-TO-POINT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION VIA A FREE SPACE LINK
An apparatus comprises an optical data receiver to receive first and second data-modulated optical carriers in different wavelength bands via a free space optical link and to generate an output digital data stream from demodulated segments of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers. The optical data receiver is configured to make selections between temporally corresponding portions of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers for generating successive portions of the output digital data stream. The optical data receiver is configured to make one of the selections between two of the temporally corresponding portions of the first and second data-modulated optical carriers based on at least one value of a quality indicator obtained for at least one of two temporally corresponding portions.
There are provided measures for efficient cell baseband processing pooling. Such measures exemplarily comprise acquiring a predicted future computational load of baseband processing for each selected radio cell of a plurality of radio cells, and determining an allocation of each selected radio cell of said plurality of radio cells to anyone of a plurality of processing resource units based on said predicted future computational load of baseband processing for each selected radio cell of said plurality of radio cells and computation capabilities of each of said plurality of processing resource units.
H04W 72/21 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
H04W 72/51 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
H04W 72/566 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
7.
GRID OF BEAM -TYPE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A RECONFIGURABLE INTELLIGENT SURFACE
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for performing the following. The apparatus maintains, in at least one memory, information on a reference incidence direction and reference configuration information defining a plurality of configurations of a plurality of tunable load impedance circuits of a tunable reflective array of a reconfigurable intelligent surface or a subpanel thereof for the reference incidence direction. The apparatus measures an incidence direction from which electromagnetic waves are received by the reconfigurable intelligent surface. The apparatus calculates, based on the reference incidence direction, the measured incidence direction and the reference configuration information, corrected configuration information defining a plurality of corrected configurations for the measured incidence direction. Finally, the apparatus configures the plurality of tunable load impedance circuits according to a corrected configuration.
H04B 7/04 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
Various example embodiments for supporting processor capabilities are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting processor capabilities may be configured to support increased efficiency in utilization of a micro-operations cache (UC) of a processor. Various example embodiments for supporting increased efficiency in utilization of a UC of a processor may be configured to support increased efficiency in utilization of the UC of the processor based on configuration of the processor such that UC lines created by a prediction window (PW) during execution of a set of instructions by the processor are not invalidated on misprediction of a branch instruction in the set of instructions.
An apparatus comprising: means for implementing a first component configured to provide a backhaul connection to a parent node of a network; means for implementing a second component configured to provide a backhaul connection to a child node of a network and/or to an access link to a user equipment (UE); means for receiving a plurality of code blocks (CB) of a transport block (TB) arranged in a first time domain resource allocation from the parent node; means for decoding at least a first subset of code blocks; and means for transmitting at least the first subset of code blocks of the transport block at a second time domain resource allocation to the child node or the UE, wherein the number of code blocks in the first subset is configured to be determined at least based on a processing time for decoding the first set of code blocks or a latency target of the plurality of code blocks of the transport block or channel quality parameters of the link.
A controller of a RAN detects an interferer is present in a region covered by antenna array(s) that provide a 3D view of segments of a cell, using at least a mapping from the segments to corresponding anomaly signatures, and using radio measurements taken in the segments, to determine segment(s) affected by the interferer. The controller performs mitigation of interference in the segment(s). A base station controlling the antenna array(s) determines that an event has been detected because radio measurement(s) of the segments of the cell meet an event detection threshold, and performs and sends to the controller multiple symbol-level radio measurements. The controller also causes channel sensing and radio measurements to be performed by the base station for steady state and states of interest in the cell. The controller correlates these radio measurements to map from segments to anomaly signatures and uses the mapping to perform interference mitigation.
H04B 7/0456 - Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices for antenna weighting
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
Converting each log of a sequence of N logs into an identifier among K different identifiers to obtain a sequence of N identifiers;
for each n between 0 and N:
for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the first n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a front frequency of the identifier for the respective n; and
for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the last N−n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a rear frequency of the identifier for the respective n;
arranging front frequencies and rear frequencies in a count vector;
inputting the count vector an autoencoder to obtain an output vector for the respective n;
determining a difference between the output vector and the count vector;
marking the sequence as anomalous if the difference between the output vector and the count vector is larger than a threshold.
This specification relates to an apparatus which stores a machine-learned model including a first neural network block including multiple convolutional neural network layers, a second neural network block including at least one dilated convolutional neural network layer, and a linear transformation block. The apparatus is configured to receive input data representing in-phase and quadrature signals of an input signal that is to be amplified by a power amplifier, to process the received input data using the first neural network block of the machine learned model to generate a first neural network block output, to process the received input data using the second neural network block of the machine learned model to generate a second neural network block output, and to combine, using the linear transformation block, the first neural network block output and the second neural network block output to generate a pre-distorted signal for amplification by the power amplifier.
An apparatus includes an optical wavelength multiplexer to multiplex a sequence of optical wavelength channels. The optical wavelength multiplexer comprises a first passive optical filter to combine odd channels of the sequence of optical wavelength channels into a first multiplexed optical signal, a second passive optical filter to combine even channels of the sequence of optical wavelength channels into a second multiplexed optical signal, and an optical combiner to combine the odd channels and the even channels into a composite optical signal. The optical wavelength multiplexer comprises variable optical attenuators, and an electronic controller to operate the variable optical attenuators to substantially block one or more adjacent optical wavelength channels adjacent to a particular optical wavelength channel provisioned to the optical wavelength multiplexer in response to a width for the particular optical wavelength channel being larger than a width of the adjacent optical wavelength channel(s).
A method including: receiving, by a multi-panel user equipment from a serving network entity, information indicative of predicted transmissions of reference signals by a serving network entity or target network entity; and applying a panel prioritization strategy for the multi-panel user equipment based on the received information indicative of predicted transmissions of reference signals.
H04B 7/0408 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
15.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING OF BURST SIGNAL
In one embodiment, the apparatus includes at least one memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform, receiving, by a receiver in an Optical Line Terminal, OLT, a burst of an upstream signal transmitted in burst mode, adjusting settings for an analog signal conditioning of the received upstream signal; performing the analog signal conditioning of the received upstream signal based on the adjusted settings such that a first compensated signal is provided, obtaining coefficient(s) for a digital signal conditioning of the first compensated signal; performing the digital signal conditioning of the first compensated signal based on the obtained coefficient(s) such that a second compensated signal is provided.
Various embodiments relate to a transport slice controller, including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, that when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: initialize a transport slice activation and deactivation protocol (TS-ADCP) session for a transport slice of a telecommunications network; determine an indication of the login status of users of the transport slice, wherein the login status includes an indication that a first user has logged in to the transport slice or that a last user has logged out of the transport slice; and sending a message with the indication of the login status of users to a network element to indicate that the transport slice should be activated or deactivated.
Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.
An apparatus including at least one processor configured to execute instructions and cause the apparatus to perform, obtaining for a first possible state (s) of a received sample at the current time step (k), log-likelihood ratio, Ilr, values Ilrold,min, Ilrold,max of a first transmitted bit (bj), wherein, the Ilr values Ilrold,min, Ilrold,max are respectively associated with a most likely state and a less likely state related to a received sample at the previous time step (k−1); determining based on path metrics and branch metrics corresponding to the received sample at the current time step (k); a first parameter (Q) related to a difference between likelihoods of the most likely state and the less likely state; updating magnitude of the Ilr value Ilrold,min at least based on the Ilr value Ilrold,min, the Ilr value Ilrold,max, and the first parameter, to obtain an updated Ilr value Ilrold,updated.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable medium of a configuration of successful primary secondary cell (PSCell) change report. The method comprises obtaining information associated with a SPCR; and determining a configuration of the SPCR based at least partly on the information.
Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a first set of measurement information associated with a reference signal transmitted from a set of positioning reference units; selecting a subset of positioning reference units from the set of positioning reference units, wherein the selection is based at least on determining that the reference signal transmitted per positioning reference unit of the subset of positioning reference units is measured by a same set of network nodes that measured a reference signal transmitted from a target user device; and refining a location estimate of the target user device based at least on a subset of measurement information from the first set of measurement information, wherein the subset of measurement information is associated with the subset of positioning reference units.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
Disclosed is a method comprising generating a preamble matrix comprising a plurality of entries, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of entries indicate random-access preambles; obtaining a sequence encoded with the preamble matrix; and transmitting the sequence to one or more user devices.
Disclosed is a method comprising initiating, by an apparatus, an activation procedure for activating one or more positioning reference units for a positioning session of the apparatus; wherein the activation procedure is initiated via a small data transmission based on at least one of: a number of detected network nodes being above a first threshold value, or a number of detected positioning reference units being above a second threshold value; or wherein the activation procedure is initiated by transmitting an activation request to the one or more positioning reference units over sidelink based on the number of detected positioning reference units comprising at least the one or more positioning reference units.
An apparatus comprising means for implementing a near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller; means for detecting an event triggering a need for an auditing of active service subscriptions at an associated access node; means for transmitting a service subscription audit request to said access node; means for receiving a service subscription audit response comprising information about at least one active any existing service subscription for said near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller from said access node; and means for carrying out a procedure to ensure that a configuration of said at least one active service subscription at the near-real-time radio access network intelligent controller corresponds to the information received from the access node.
Disclosed is an apparatus comprising means for: detecting an occurrence of a traffic burst event on a flow within a wireless network; responsive to the detection of the occurrence of a traffic burst event, determining whether a traffic burst allowance is available; responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance is available, scheduling the flow and/or another flow within the wireless network with a traffic burst bit rate at which to transmit data, the traffic burst bit rate being greater than a first, guaranteed bit rate indicated by an assigned quality of service for the flow; and responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance has been exhausted and/or determining that occurrence of the traffic burst event has stopped, scheduling the flow with the first bit rate.
A method includes estimating an uplink channel for a terminal device, based on an amount of antennas used by an access node for transmitting signals to the terminal device, antennas used for receiving the transmitted signals at the terminal device, and sub-bands used for transmitting the signals. Based on the estimation, a channel covariance matrix is determined for a precoder comprised in a transmitter of the access node by determining a limited number of elements of a full dimensional channel covariance matrix, which is different than the channel covariance matrix. The limited number of elements are elements corresponding to i-th row and j-th column of the channel covariance. Correlation computation is performed for the limited number of elements. Elements of the full-dimensional channel covariance matrix that are excluded from the limited number of elements are determined and set to be zero. Precoding is performed using the determined channel covariance matrix.
Systems, methods, and software for load management among a plurality of cells that overlap a sector within a Radio Access Network (RAN). In one embodiment, a system receives, at a machine learning system, input data for a sector of the RAN having a plurality of cells overlapping at the sector. The system processes the input data at the machine learning system to determine recommended load distribution parameters for the sector based on a machine learning model, where the recommended load distribution parameters are configured to maximize an aggregated user throughput of the sector. The system applies the recommended load distribution parameters in the sector to distribute users among the cells.
An apparatus includes circuitry configured for determining which one or more user equipment of a plurality of user equipment are to be scheduled in a scheduling round. This is based on an associated quality of service and on a time domain metric associated with a respective user equipment of the plurality of user equipment.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for power state transition handling for energy harvesting aware user equipment are provided. For example, a method can include monitoring an energy level and power state of a user equipment. The method can also include determining whether the energy level satisfies a power state transition criterion. The method can further include transitioning from a first power state to a second power state based on the power state transition criterion being determined to be satisfied by the energy level of the user equipment.
A screw assembly, including: a removable shoulder screw including: a first screw shaft portion; a second screw shaft portion; a first threaded portion; and a first shaft edge between the first screw shaft portion and the second screw shaft portion, wherein the second screw shaft portion is between the first screw shaft portion and the first threaded portion, and wherein a diameter of the second screw shaft portion is smaller than the diameter of the first screw shaft portion; and a first removable shoulder including a first removable shoulder opening and a first removable shoulder edge, wherein the first removable shoulder opening has a diameter less than the diameter of the first screw shaft portion and is configured to engage the second screw shaft portion, and wherein the first removable shoulder edge is configured to engage the first shaft edge.
Systems, methods, and software for load management among a plurality of cells that overlap a sector within a Radio Access Network (RAN). In one embodiment, a system performs sector throughput optimization over multiple optimization iterations of determining a total number of active users in the sector, determining a target number of users per cell that maximizes an aggregated user throughput of the sector where a sum of the target number of users per cell is equal to the total number of active users in the sector, determining recommended load distribution parameters for the sector based on the target number of users per cell that maximizes the aggregated user throughput of the sector, and applying the recommended load distribution parameters in the sector to distribute users among the cells.
A user equipment transmits a request to configure a first network to transmit complementary content associated with multicast or broadcast content received at the user equipment from a second network. In some cases, the request is transmitted in response to the user equipment detecting that a quality of a signal received from the second network is below a threshold. In response to receiving the request, the first network is configured to transmit the complementary content. The complementary content is transmitted from the first network concurrently with transmitting the multicast or broadcast content from the second network. The user equipment combines the complementary content received from the first network with the multicast or broadcast content received from the second network.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
H04L 41/0816 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
A cache management subsystem (CMS) for a network having network gateways logically organized into network gateway (NG) subsets, each NG subset comprising redundant network gateways and each network gateway comprising a local cache configured to store cache entries corresponding to information requests from network users. The subsystem includes (i) a cache manager configured to synchronize certain cache entries between the network gateways of an NG subset and (ii) a CMS cache configured to store, for the NG subset, other cache entries that are not synchronized between the network gateways of the NG subset. In certain implementations, the cache manager synchronizes within NG subsets recent cache entries having relatively frequent hits and the CMS cache stores recent cache entries having relatively infrequent hits, thereby increasing efficiencies if and when a redundant network gateway handles requests for a failed network gateway.
An apparatus is disclosed, which may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving downlink channel estimates between a plurality of access point (AP) antennas of one or more APs and a plurality of user equipment (UE) antennas of one or more UEs; iteratively updating a set of power allocation weights for the AP antennas using weights extracted from a precoder; computing the precoder based on the received channel estimates and a previous set of power allocation weights; performing the iterative updates until a stopping criterion is reached; and outputting data representative of a precoder computed from the received channel estimates and the updated set of power allocation weights.
To update subscription related information using explicit notifications different solutions resulting to a notification updating information relating to a plurality of subscriptions per a network function are disclosed.
An apparatus in a source radio access node comprises means for receiving first information for determining a last packet to be forwarded to a target radio access node to which a communications device is being handed over from the source radio access node, said source radio access node providing a multicast or broadcasting service to the communications device. The means may be for causing the last packet to be forwarded from the source radio access node to the target radio access node with end information indicating that there no further packets are being forwarded.
An apparatus (100) for building a prediction model comprises means for collecting a plurality of high-paced telemetry traffic measurement values (4) representing traffic rates observed in a shared medium of the point-to-multipoint telecommunications network (1), means for fitting at least one traffic model (5) using the plurality of high-paced telemetry traffic measurement values (4) and computing at least one simulated value of the metric of the quality of the point-to-multipoint telecommunications network using the traffic model (5), wherein the metric of the quality relates to at least one individual user, and means for training a prediction model (7) on a simulated dataset (6), wherein the simulated dataset (6) comprises the descriptor of at least one network configuration and the at least one simulated value of the metric of the quality of the point-to-multipoint telecommunications network, the prediction model (7) being configured to compute the value of the metric of the quality of the point-to-multipoint telecommunications network.
Various example embodiments for supporting zero-trust policy enforcement in a communication system are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting zero-trust policy enforcement in a communication system may be configured to support zero-trust policy enforcement, including zero-trust authentication, for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) communications. Various example embodiments for supporting zero-trust policy enforcement for RDMA communications may be configured to support transparent zero-trust policy enforcement for RDMA communications by leveraging programmable Smart Network Interface Cards (SmartNICs). Various example embodiments for supporting zero-trust policy enforcement for RDMA communications based on leveraging of programmable SmartNICs may be configured to support zero-trust policy enforcement for RDMA communications by applying zero-trust policies on a connection-by-connection basis within SmartNICs for RDMA connections between RDMA applications hosted on end hosts served by the SmartNICs.
H04L 67/1097 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
A CPU implements a virtual network function (VNF) associated with flow processing and can offload at least some of the flow processing to a hardware accelerator. A module (e.g., TOR switch), external to the software-based processor and the hardware accelerator, examines packet flows and determines (e.g., using a top-K elephant-flow-detection algorithm) which ones are more suitable for offloading from the software-based processor to the hardware accelerator than others. The external module communicates the relative suitability for offloading to the CPU using packet tags or out-of-band messaging, and the CPU uses the relative suitability to determine which flows to offload or onload. In some implementations, the CPU can instruct the external module to change the value of K used in the algorithm.
G06F 15/16 - Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
H04L 47/2483 - Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
Leaf nodes of a tree structure, also having a root node and intermediate nodes, communicate with endpoints via access networks and store mappings from permanent virtual IP (VIP) addresses for the endpoints to physical IP (PIP) addresses for the endpoints on the access networks. The root node and intermediate nodes store pointers for the endpoints' leaf nodes and associated access networks. When a connection setup request (CSR) for a destination endpoint is received from a corresponding node, the receiving leaf node passes the CSR up through the tree structure to a lowest common ancestor (LCA) node for the receiving leaf node and one or more destination leaf nodes associated with the destination endpoint. The LCA node uses its pointers to pass the CSR down towards the one or more destination leaf nodes, which use the corresponding VIP-to-PIP mappings to forward the CSR to the destination endpoint.
Disclosed are methods for autonomous grouping. An example method, which may be performed at a first mobile station, may include: monitoring a change of a moving pose of the first mobile station; transmitting, to at least one mobile station comprising a second mobile station, information associated with the moving pose of the first mobile station in a case of a detection of the change; and configuring a group of the first mobile station based on a response of the second mobile station to the information. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.
H04W 64/00 - Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
Various techniques are provided for generating, by a base station (BS), a user equipment (UE) report for a UE associated with the BS, associating, by the BS, an application identification or correlation (ID) along with the UE report, the ID being associated with an application category being served by at least one data radio bearer (DRB) or it is an identifier referring to a specific application detection filter identifying an application that is served by the DRB, receiving, by the BS, assistance information based on the reports sent for the DRB, the assistance information being associated with the application, and scheduling, by the BS, resources for the UE based on the assistance information.
A network entity of a communication network receives a first message from a user equipment, the first message including at least first information regarding a domain name server query. In accordance with a first handling rule, the first message is processed by including second information regarding a subnet option into the first message, and the processed first message is forwarded to a domain name server. The network entity receives a second message from the domain name server, the second message including a response to the domain name server query and the second information. In accordance with a second handling rule, the second message is processed by replacing the second information, and the processed second message is forwarded to the user equipment.
There are provided measures for optimized data storage in mobile network scenarios. Such measures exemplarily comprise transmitting a data storage request requesting storage of data, said data storage request including conveyed information and an indicator indicative of a degree of involvement of generative models in said conveyed information which represents said data, and receiving a data storage acknowledge response.
A network node comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting a request to a plurality of nodes to prepare one or more cell candidates; receiving an indication from at least one of the plurality of nodes indicating a capacity to prepare one or more further cell candidates; and transmitting, to one or more of the at least one of the plurality of nodes, a further request to prepare at least one further cell candidate.
The present invention concerns an optoelectronic device D such as a Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) working in a continuous wave condition and able to amplify high frequencies optical signals. The optoelectronic device D comprise an active zone I (such as SOA) with a slab (3) in a direct bias working in a continuous wave and a taper zone (II) connected to the active zone (I).
An apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause a receiver to perform a correlation processing of a first signal received by the receiver and/or of a second signal which can be derived from the first signal, and to at least temporarily modify an output signal of the correlation processing using at least one neural network, wherein a modified output signal may be obtained.
A network element includes an aggregate gateway function having a control plane and a separate user plane. The network element is configured to: establish a packet forwarding control protocol session between the residential gateway and the network; and facilitate network access by the residential gateway according to the packet forwarding control protocol session. The packet forwarding control protocol session hosts (i) a first set of forwarding rules for forwarding control messages between the control plane and the separate user plane and (ii) at least one second set of forwarding rules for forwarding data traffic between the control plane and the separate user plane.
A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network element to: establish, via the aggregate gateway function, a separate packet forwarding control protocol session for each packet data unit (PDU) session between the residential gateway and the network; and facilitate, via the aggregate gateway function, network access by the residential gateway via each PDU session according to a corresponding, separate packet forwarding control protocol session.
Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for binding neighboring apparatuses. An example apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform transmitting, to a management entity, a binding request for binding with at least one neighboring apparatus, and receiving, from the management entity, a binding response to the binding request.
A network element includes an aggregate gateway function having a control plane and a separate user plane, wherein the network element is configured to: establish a plurality of first packet forwarding control protocol sessions for a plurality of packet data unit sessions between the residential gateway and the network, each of the plurality of first packet forwarding control protocol sessions hosting a set of data packet forwarding rules for a respective packet data unit session among the plurality of packet data unit sessions; and facilitate network access by the residential gateway according to the plurality of first packet forwarding control protocol sessions.
According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving, from a service network function, a request related to charging for a user equipment, means for determining whether to defer a consensus-based charging operation associated with the user equipment, means for transmitting to the service network function, when it is determined that the consensus-based charging operation is to be deferred, an indication indicating that the request is granted and means for refraining from transmitting any indication about the consensus-based charging associated with the user equipment until it is determined that the consensus-based charging operation associated with the user equipment is not to be deferred.
An apparatus, method and computer program provide for obtaining channel response data including a channel frequency response of a channel over a frequency spectrum, wherein the channel frequency response is generated in response to a transmission over the channel or a simulation thereof; and generating an indication of channel impairments in response to applying the channel response data to a transformer-based machine-learning (ML) model trained to predict a channel impairment estimate.
Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting a first signal, obtaining an indication of a harmonic, wherein the harmonic is caused by the transmission of the first signal, determining, based on the indication of the harmonic, an estimation of the harmonic, receiving a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises the harmonic, and subtracting the estimation of the harmonic from the second signal.
There are provided measures for satellite coverage change handling. Such measures exemplarily include, at a network entity managing a first cell of a mobile network and a second cell of said mobile network, the first cell covering a geographical area, and the second cell covering said geographical area, maintaining assignment of a first satellite beam corresponding to a first passing satellite to said first cell, a first satellite beam coverage of said first satellite beam overlapping with said geographical area, determining entrance of a second satellite beam coverage of a second satellite beam corresponding to a second passing satellite into said geographical area, assigning said second satellite beam to said second cell, and deciding to trigger handover of a terminal located within said second satellite beam coverage within said geographical area and served by said first cell to said second cell.
H04W 48/10 - Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
H04W 48/04 - Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction or speed
H04W 36/32 - Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
H04W 16/26 - Cell enhancers, e.g. for tunnels or building shadow
Various example embodiments for supporting guaranteed-latency networking are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting guaranteed-latency networking may be configured to support guaranteed-latency networking based on use of a time division multiplexing (TDM) frame, such as a periodic service sequence (PSS), to support transmission of packets of a set of flows. Various example embodiments for supporting guaranteed-latency networking based on use of a PSS may be configured to support guaranteed-latency networking based on use of various PSS computation enhancements. Various example embodiments for supporting guaranteed-latency networking based on use of a PSS may be configured to support guaranteed-latency networking based on use of flow bundling.
H04L 47/283 - Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
H04L 47/41 - Flow control; Congestion control by acting on aggregated flows or links
H04L 47/36 - Flow control; Congestion control by determining packet size, e.g. maximum transfer unit [MTU]
H04L 47/2475 - Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting traffic characterised by the type of applications
56.
PROVIDING PROTECTION IN TUNNEL-OVER-TUNNEL TOPOLOGIES
Various example embodiments for providing protection in communication networks are presented herein. Various example embodiments for providing protection in communication networks may be configured to provide protection in tunnel-over-tunnel topologies supported within communication networks. Various example embodiments for providing protection in tunnel-over-tunnel topologies may be configured to provide dynamic application of protection in tunnel-over-tunnel topologies rather than static application of protection in tunnel-over-tunnel topologies. Various example embodiments for providing protection in tunnel-over-tunnel topologies may be configured to provide dynamic application of protection for a primary path that is a tunnel-over-tunnel path based on a hierarchy of protocols.
Different solutions, in which uplink data streams are whitened and after that combined, are disclosed. The whitening is performed by applying whitening parameters received in a downlink control information. The whitening parameters are based on predictions on channel conditions.
H04W 72/1268 - Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
H04W 72/232 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the physical layer, e.g. DCI signalling
58.
ENHANCED POLYPHASE DIGITAL PRE-DISTORTION STRUCTURE WITH LOW COMPLEXITY IN RADIO TRANSMITTER
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for an enhanced polyphase digital pre-distortion (DPD) structure in a radio transmitter. A method may include creating a combined pre-distorted component by combining each of the pre-distorted polyphase components. Each of the plurality of pre-distorted polyphase components are single phase dependent. Further, the method may include feeding the combined pre-distorted component to an output filter to form a pre-distorted transmission signal. The method may also include generating an output signal by applying the pre-distorted transmission signal to the power amplifier to generate an output signal.
As solution for predistorting a signal is presented. The solution comprises receiving (600) as an input a signal comprising at least two signal components on a different band, sampling (602) the input signal comprising linear terms, composite non-linear terms causing intermodulation outside Nyquist band of the input signal and further non-linear terms causing intermodulation inside the Nyquist band, the further non-linear terms comprising multi-band terms. Oversampling (604) by a given factor is applied to the signal in a first predistortion circuit for processing the linear terms and composite non-linear terms causing intermodulation outside Nyquist band; processing (606) the input signal without oversampling in a second predistortion circuit in parallel with the first predistortion circuit for the further non-linear terms. The rates of the output signals of the predistortion circuits are matched (608), combined and filtered (610).
A demultiplexer-free wavelength division multiplexing receiver based on cascaded-bandgap waveguide photodiodes, includes a substrate; and a plurality of different absorbing material sections forming a plurality of independent photodetector sections, each with a different thickness and a different bandgap. The plurality of photodetector sections may be fabricated at the same time on the same substrate, whereby different widths between each pair of mask stripes results in a different thickness of each photodetector section and a different bandgap of each photodetector section. The photodetector sections are then optically connected together into concatenated photodetector sections forming a single elongated optical waveguide.
G02F 1/017 - Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
G02F 1/015 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements with at least one potential jump barrier, e.g. PN, PIN junction
In validating a new validator for a proof-of-origin blockchain, an announce message is received including: a unique tag (T) uniquely identifying one fixed communication line of a subscriber of a fixed communication operator; a peer identifier (peer@) of the new validator; an identifier of an authorised signer, and a cryptographic signature (S2) of the authorised signer over at least the unique tag (T) and the peer identifier (peer@); validity of the announce message is verified, including checking from the PoO blockchain that the authorised signer is registered there as an authorised signer and checking the cryptographic signature (S2) of the authorised signer in the announce message. If each checking of the verifying is positive, then accepting the new validator for the PoO blockchain and mapping in the PoO blockchain the unique tag with at least the peer identifier, otherwise refusing the new validator.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
An apparatus, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause a target node to signal to an anchor node a first information related to a context relocation of a context of a terminal device.
An optical line terminal (OLT) is configured to communicate with optical network units (ONUs) in a passive optical network. The downstream transmission from the OLT to the ONUs are organized in frames including segments, wherein a respective segment is modulated according to at least a first or second modulation format. The OLT is configured to: send, to an ONU, a request to estimate a channel quality based on at least one reference segment modulated according to the second modulation format, the ONU operating according to the first modulation format; receive, from the ONU, a response including an indication of the estimated channel quality; and decide to switch the segments in the downstream transmission assigned to the at least one ONU to the second modulation format based on the response.
A digital receiver based on one-dimensional hard demapping of an input symbol stream (FEC encoded) is configured to utilize LLRs created to have bit-specific magnitude values to improve the probability that the included decoder (such as an LDPC decoder) properly recovers each bit from the original stream. The digital receiver may be used with various types of data modulation schemes (e.g., PAM3, PAM4, DSQ8, etc.), with a specific set of LLR magnitudes created for each modulation scheme.
Disclosed is a solution for managing a radio map based on radio fingerprinting measurements. A method comprises: acquiring a radio map of an area, the radio map based on radio frequency measurements performed between at least one access node of a wireless network and terminal devices within the area; detecting at least one gap in the radio map and determining geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; causing transmission of a message comprising at least one information element requesting for additional measurements and comprising the geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; in response to the message, receiving at least one radio frequency measurement report related to at least one terminal device and comprising radio frequency measurement data and at least one measurement location where the radio frequency measurement data has been measured; and updating the radio map on the basis of the radio frequency measurement data.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
66.
ENHANCED NETWORK AVAILABILITY FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NETWORKS IN SHARED SPECTRUM SYSTEMS
Various example embodiments relate to support for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) Devices (CBSDs) in private enterprise networks based on a spectrum access system (SAS). Various example embodiments may support use of local SASs for handling access by CBSDs to the CBRS based on association of the local SASs with a regional SAS and support for data synchronization between the regional SAS and the local SASs associated with the regional SAS. Various example embodiments may support dynamic control of CBSD traffic for a set of SASs that includes multiple regional SASs and a local SAS. Various example embodiments may support a domain proxy local co-existence management policy capability configured to support control over CBRS channel assignments for CBSDs of a private enterprise network. Various example embodiments may be configured to utilize a domain proxy to support CBSDs in private enterprise networks based on SAS systems.
Various example embodiments for supporting quasi-stateful load balancing in communication networks are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting quasi-stateful load balancing in communication networks may be configured to reduce or minimize the amount of state information that needs to be maintained by a node for supporting load balancing across outgoing links of the node by reducing or minimizing the number of link pinning state entries that need to be maintained by a node for supporting load balancing across outgoing links of the node. Various example embodiments for supporting quasi-stateful load balancing in communication networks may be configured to reduce or minimize the number of link pinning state entries by deactivating those link pinning state entries associated with flows that remain default mapped to outgoing links and retaining only those link pinning state entries associated with flows that are remapped between outgoing links.
An apparatus is configured to transmit a preconfigured number of transmissions of a first data with hybrid automatic repeat requests consecutively without waiting between the transmissions for response to any of the requests, wherein the preconfigured number is an integer and greater than one.
A method is provided for receiving, at a data collection entity, from each cell, a time series of a respective set of data where each set of data includes at least: one or more per-cell performance measurement data, one or more per-cell serving beams of each scheduled UE device, and a time and frequency allocation of each scheduled UE device to be served by the corresponding one or more per-cell serving beams; generating, by a cSON entity, from the sets of data received from the data collection entity, a set of cross-beam inter-cell interference profiles; establishing, by the cSON entity, from at least the set of cross-beam inter-cell interference profiles, a beam scheduling policy; receiving, at each cell, from the cSON entity, the beam scheduling policy; and applying, by a respective scheduler at each cell, the beam scheduling policy to each of the one or more per-cell serving beams.
Various example embodiments for supporting optical transport systems are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting optical transport systems may be configured to support optical transport systems that support multiple fibers based on use of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) techniques. Various example embodiments for supporting optical transport systems that support multiple fibers based on use of SDM techniques may be configured to support optical transport systems that support multiple fibers based on use of an anylane add/drop capability that is based on use of a Clos architecture (e.g., a spatially-switched distributed Clos architecture with a single stage of switching for network traffic that passes through the node, a spatially-switched distributed Clos architecture with two stages of switching for network traffic that passes through the node, a spatially-switched node-contained Clos architecture with three stages of switching for network traffic that passes through the node, or the like).
As solution for selection of power control parameters is presented. The solution comprises determining, from a given set of radio access network parameters, a selection of radio access network parameters which have an effect on uplink power control, and training a neural network to determine uplink power control parameters, utilising as an input the selection of radio access network parameter, and utilising the trained neural network, with as an input the selection of radio access network parameters, obtain as an output a set of initial uplink power control parameters.
A digital processor (DP) is configured to obtain a temporal sequence of digital phase distortion measurements of a first optical signal received by a coherent optical receiver (COR) from an optical fiber link, where the first optical signal co-propagates with a second, power-modulated, optical signal in different frequency channels. The DP is configured to estimate a cross-correlation between the temporal sequence of digital measurements and a temporal sequence of powers of the second optical signal for a plurality of relative time shifts between the sequences, and to identify a location along the optical fiber link based on a magnitude of the cross-correlation exceeding a threshold for a particular time shift.
H04B 10/2513 - Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
G01M 11/00 - Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
Various example embodiments for supporting stateful explicit paths are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting stateful explicit paths may be configured to support communication of a packet along a path in an Internet Protocol (IP) network from a first node to a second node, wherein the path includes a set of hops, wherein the packet includes a tuple configured to identify the path, wherein the tuple includes a first IP address of the first node, a second IP address of the second node, and a path identifier of the path, wherein the path identifier of the path is a unique identifier assigned to the path, wherein the communication of the packet along the path from the first node to the second node is supported based on state information configured to map the tuple to a next hop in the set of hops of the path.
A method for restoring a network slice includes receiving a request to restore the network slice to a previous configuration, the previous configuration and a current configuration of the network slice being stored in a datastore, generating sets of subtrees from device-specific data in the current configuration and the previous configuration to be added, removed, or replaced in the current configuration, and restoring the network slice to the previous configuration based on the sets of subtrees.
H04L 41/122 - Discovery or management of network topologies of virtualised topologies e.g. software-defined networks [SDN] or network function virtualisation [NFV]
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a phase shifter, an antenna device and a base station. The phase shifter comprises: a substrate comprising first conductive members, a movable assembly, and an adjusting assembly. The movable assembly comprises a second conductive member electronically coupled to first conductive members, and is adapted to move relative to the substrate in a first direction to shift a phase of an electrical signal output by the phase shifter. The adjusting assembly is coupled to the movable assembly and adapted to move the movable assembly to enable an alignment of the second conductive member and the first conductive members; or a change of a force applied by movable assembly to the substrate. In this way, the phase shifter is provided with an error-adjustment mechanism, and the antenna device as well as the base station including these phase shifters can achieve an increased accuracy and consistency.
H01Q 3/32 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the phase by mechanical means
H01Q 1/24 - Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
There is provided a dielectric resonator structure including at least a first resonator having a body including a first, a second and a third internal cavities, wherein the first cavity is arranged between the second and the third cavity, and the body further includes a first hole extending from the first cavity through the body, and a first opening arranged between the second and the third cavity.
According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising performing with a first node beam measurement for downlink beams received with the first node from at least one second node, scheduling with the first node at least one third node for uplink transmission to the first node, determining with the first node one or more of the downlink beams that can be received simultaneously with a beam of the at least one third node based at least partially on the scheduling of the at least one third node and the performing of the beam measurement, and transmitting with the first node results of the performed beam measurement wherein the results comprise an indication of the one or more determined downlink beams that can be received simultaneously with the beam of the at least one third node.
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04B 7/0408 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
H04W 72/1268 - Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are disclosed. In a network element, an encoder module obtains as an input network data that is representative of the current condition of the communications network, the network data comprising a plurality of values indicative of the performance of network elements and performs (800) feature reduction providing at its output a set of activations. A clustering module performs (802) batch normalisation and an amplitude limitation to the output of the encoder module to obtain normalised activations. A clustering control module calculates a projection of the normalised activations and determines (804) a clustering loss. A decoder module calculates (806) a reconstruction loss. The network element backpropagates the reconstruction loss and the clustering loss through the modules.
G06F 18/15 - Statistical pre-processing, e.g. techniques for normalisation or restoring missing data
G06F 18/2134 - Feature extraction, e.g. by transforming the feature space; Summarisation; Mappings, e.g. subspace methods based on separation criteria, e.g. independent component analysis
79.
Interference rejection combining with reduced complexity
A method and apparatus comprises acquiring set of input streams associated with a spatial layer configured for a terminal device, and estimating a channel vector h representing a radio channel response associated with the spatial layer. An interference covariance matrix R representing power of interference is computed from at least one other spatial layer in the set of input streams and correlation of the interference within the set of input streams of the spatial layer. A per-layer interference rejection is performed, combining equalization on the set of input streams, comprising: a) estimating x=R−1h as a combination of a set of linear equations, wherein the number of linear equations is defined by an input parameter to be equal to or smaller than dimensions of the interference covariance matrix; and b) computing an estimate of a transmitted symbol on the basis of the channel vector and the estimated x.
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
An apparatus for anomaly detection, the apparatus comprising means for:
Collecting a plurality of log messages from a data processing system, log messages comprising textual content and numeric attributes,
Classifying the plurality of log messages into a plurality of clusters as a function of a number of the numeric attributes in the log messages, such that the log messages within a cluster have a given number of the numeric attributes,
For at least one of the clusters, computing at least one encoding vector associated to a numeric attribute,
Computing a combined semantic embedding vector from the textual contents of the plurality of log messages,
Combining the at least one encoding vector with the combined semantic embedding vector into a final encoding vector, and
Feeding the final encoding vector to an anomaly detection module intended to detect an anomaly in the data processing system.
Method including: receiving, on a feeder link, a signal including feeder link slots having a feeder link bandwidth; mapping each of the feeder link slots onto a respective slot-subband in a respective service link slot according to a rule; transmitting, on plural service links, service signals, wherein each of the service signals includes service link slots each including m of the slot-subbands having a same bandwidth; the m slot-subbands do not overlap, are continuous with each other, and cover an entire service link bandwidth of the respective service link slot; wherein the feeder link slots have a feeder link slot duration; the service link slots have a service link slot duration longer than the feeder link slot duration; each of the feeder link slots including respective symbols; each of the slot-subbands includes the symbols of the feeder link slot mapped onto the respective slot-subband.
A solution for reliable communication in an apparatus of a communication system is provided. The solution comprises receiving (302) from a network element data packets to be transmitted to a user terminal; maintaining (304) one or more transmit buffers for transmitting data packets to the user terminal; transmitting (306) data packets to a user terminal; receiving (308) information from the user terminal regarding whether one or more data packets are successfully or not successfully received; transmitting (310) on the basis of received information acknowledgement information to another network element of the communication system; receiving (312) a notification that one or more packets have been successfully transmitted to the user terminal from a second corresponding apparatus; and, if the one or more transmit buffers comprise the successfully transmitted packets, removing (314) the packets from the buffers.
A method for a physical random access channel (PRACH) attack detection includes detecting by a base station a plurality of preambles sent by devices through a PRACH; launching by the base station a random access (RA) procedure for at least one device for which a preamble has been detected; decoding by the base station at least one radio resource control (RRC) connection request received in the context of a launched RA procedure; determining by the base station a first metric and a second metric, wherein the first metric is the number of RRC connection requests successfully decoded over time, wherein the second metric is the number of preambles detected over the same time and for which a RA procedure has been launched; determining whether there is a suspicion of storm attack over the PRACH based on a result of a comparison of the first and second metrics.
Techniques for performance monitoring in an Optical Network Unit (ONU) associated with an ONU management module are described. In one aspect, a request to selectively enable one or more performance counter groups from a plurality of counter groups associated with an interface of the ONU is received. Accordingly, the request to selectively enable one or more performance counter groups is sent by the ONU management module to the corresponding ONU and performance monitoring data are collected from selected one or more performance counter groups enabled from the plurality of counter groups.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
According to an example embodiment, a radio receiver is configured to: obtain a data array including a plurality of elements, wherein each element in the plurality of elements in the data array corresponds to a sub-carrier in a plurality of subcarriers, to a timeslot in a time interval, and to an antenna stream; implement a machine learning model including at least one neural network and a transformation, wherein the transformation includes at least one multiplicative layer or equalisation; and input data into the machine learning model, wherein the data includes at least the data array; wherein the machine learning model is configured to, based on the data, output an output array representing values of the plurality of elements in the data array, wherein the values include bits or symbols. A radio receiver, a method and a computer program product are disclosed.
A method and apparatus are provided for decoding a plurality of codewords from a received binary bitstream. A first decoding stage processes each of the codewords with a first iterative decoding algorithm based on forward error-correction information of the codewords. A second decoding stage processes selected ones of the codewords with a second iterative decoding algorithm, which is based on forward error-correction information in the selected ones of the codewords. Each codeword selected for the second decoding stage is selected in response to an exit from the decoding of that codeword without the production of a decoded codeword. The second iterative decoding algorithm is configured to enable a greater number of iterations of decoding per codeword than the first iterative decoding algorithm.
H03M 13/11 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
87.
MECHANISM FOR INTEGRATING NON-STANDARD RELATED DATA SOURCES INTO COMMUNICATION NETWORK
An apparatus for use by a communication network element or function configured to act as a management controller in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to conduct a creation and activation of at least one data source function instance for configuring a data source being not standardized for usage in the communication network to provide data to a data consumer formed by a communication network element or function in a data format allowing the data consumer to process the data, wherein the creation and activation comprises associating the data source function instance to meta data describing either a non-communication network standardized data type or a proprietary data type using attributes defined to the respective data type, and associating the data source function instance to context data describing a generation time of data to be provided to the data consumer and a scope of data to be provided to the data consumer including a relation to a part of the communication network.
H04L 41/022 - Multivendor or multi-standard integration
H04L 41/0266 - Exchanging or transporting network management information using the Internet; Embedding network management web servers in network elements; Web-services-based protocols using meta-data, objects or commands for formatting management information, e.g. using eXtensible markup language [XML]
88.
METHODS, DEVICES AND APPARATUSES FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and apparatuses for optical communication, and a computer readable medium. An embodiment of the method comprises determining, at an optical line terminal, a channel characteristic of a channel from an optical network unit to the optical line terminal; determining, based on the channel characteristic, a preamble property for a transmission from the optical network unit to the optical line terminal, the preamble property at least partially compensating for transmission distortion caused by the channel characteristic; transmitting preamble information to the optical network unit, the preamble information being for generating a preamble having the preamble property; and receiving the preamble having the preamble property from the optical network unit. In this way, a training speed of an equalizer of the optical line terminal can be improved, and preamble overhead can be reduced.
H04B 10/079 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
H04Q 11/00 - Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
A resonator is described including: a first part of a metal cavity; a first ring extending from the first part of the metal cavity, wherein at least part of an external surface of the first supporting ring is coated with a first metal coating that provides an electrical connection to the metal cavity; a second part of the metal cavity; and a ceramic ring extending from the second part of the metal cavity. At least part of an external surface of the ceramic ring is coated with a second metal coating that provides an electrical connection to the metal cavity, wherein the first and second parts are mounted to form the metal cavity such that the first ring and the ceramic ring partially overlap such that at least part of the ceramic ring is between at least parts of the first and second metal coatings.
An apparatus, including at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause a network device to determine excess resources available for uplink transmissions to the network device and to use at least a portion of the excess resources for a beam refinement process associated with at least one radio beam usable for an information exchange with at least one terminal device.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
An application specific interface (AA-NAPI) associated with an application for the purpose of controlling the networking aspects of the application session is provided by communication service provider (CSP). Cost model of network service types associated with a specific application type is learned by using the AA-NAPI. For each service-point joining the session, network properties are queried by using the AA-NAPI. During continuous service quality monitoring, upon detection of quality degradation leading to the decision to upgrade session quality, network service-type associated with a specific server-point is changed by using the AA-NAPI. Network specific actions are taken to reconfigure the network so that the requested service type is received by the specific service-point. New network capability is activated to improve network service level by using the AA-NAPI. Network specific actions are taken by the network to install new network capabilities so that the specific service-point's service quality is improved as requested.
Various example embodiments for supporting source route compression for source routing are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting source route compression for source routing may be configured to support source route compression for source routing based on use of address compression. Various example embodiments for supporting source route compression for source routing based on use of address compression may be configured to support encoding of a set of addresses of a set of hops of a source route by encoding a base address for a first hop of the set of hops and encoding address replacement information for the remaining hops of the set of hops where the address replacement information for the remaining hops of the set of hops can be used to modify the base address to form the addresses for the remaining hops of the set of hops.
An apparatus includes an optical device to output a data-modulated optical signal, an electrical radio-frequency (RF) driver to drive the optical device with one or more RF drive signals, a photodetector to provide a measure of a light intensity output by the optical device, and an electronic controller. The electronic controller is configured to dither an amplitude of at least one of the one or more RF drive signals at a dithering frequency. The electronic controller is also configured to adjust one or more operation settings of at least one of the electrical RF driver and the optical device based on a component of the measure of a light intensity at the dithering frequency.
There are provided measures for enabling/realizing FRER support of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. FRER support of a 5GS TSN bridge. Such measures exemplarily comprise configuration of a wireless communication system operable as a TSN bridge, such as e.g. a 5GS TSN bridge, for supporting FRER functionality, wherein parameters relating to a stream identification function and at least one of a stream splitting function and a sequence recovery function are extracted from a FRER configuration, at least one network entity is identified, and FRER-related configuration information is provided for the identified at least one network entity, including at last part of the extracted parameters, for enabling realization of the stream identification function and the at least one of the stream splitting function and the sequence recovery function.
Disclosed are methods for controlling downlink transmissions in an integrated access and backhaul network. An example method may include determining to control a first downlink transmission for a first interface between a second apparatus associated with a user plane of the central unit of the donor and a node in the integrated access and backhaul network, and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first non UE-associated signaling request to control the first downlink transmission for the first interface, the first non UE-associated signaling request including information associated with the node. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.
There is provided a computer program, method and apparatus for an application function that causes the application function to: signal, to a first network function, a first request to be notified of at least one change in first user plane functions associated with a first virtual network, the first virtual network comprising the first user plane functions and a first interface interfacing the first user plane functions with a first data network; receive, from the first network function, a first indication that said at least one change has occurred; and configure connectivity with at least one interface to the first virtual network in dependence on the at least one change indicated in the said first indication.
H04L 41/122 - Discovery or management of network topologies of virtualised topologies e.g. software-defined networks [SDN] or network function virtualisation [NFV]
H04L 41/0895 - Configuration of virtualised networks or elements, e.g. virtualised network function or OpenFlow elements
97.
METHODS, DEVICES AND APPARATUSES FOR COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM
Examples of the present disclosure relate to a method, device and apparatus for communication, and a computer-readable medium. An example of the method includes: conducting, based on a channel response between a transmitter and a receiver, spectral shaping on a first sequence at the transmitter, so as to obtain an intermediate sequence, where the spectral shaping at least partially counters the channel response; remapping the intermediate sequence, so as to obtain a second sequence, where the second sequence has less signal levels than the intermediate sequence; and transmitting the second sequence to the receiver, so as to train an equalizer of the receiver. In this way, the method can accelerate training of the equalizer without sacrificing performance of the equalizer or introducing any additional hardware cost.
SR-enabled network nodes capable of replicating and recombining data packets in a manner that enables reliable, low-latency communications. In an example embodiment, a replicator node transmits to a combinator node multiple copies of a payload over different respective network paths, with the SR headers of the corresponding packets each having a replication segment identifier or a respective SID stack that includes the replication segment identifier. The combinator node delivers/forwards to the corresponding application/destination only the first-to-arrive payload copy and discards any subsequent payload copies based on the replication segment identifier. Some embodiments may beneficially reduce latency and packet loss concurrently and consistently. For example, packet loss may be reduced due to the transmission of multiple copies of the same payload over multiple network paths. Effective latency may be reduced due to the selection of the first-to-arrive payload copy for delivery/forwarding.
Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and computer program products configured to synchronize radio bearers carrying data flows and/or control flows from a network entity or node within a communication system (e.g., a 5G network), towards user equipment, in order to achieve a desired Quality of Experience (QoE) for applications with multiple data streams and multiple quality of service (QoS) flows whose QoS requirements depend on each other. In some embodiments, two or more data radio bearers (DRBs) for carrying data from a single application, such as extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, or the like, e.g. online game streaming, may be synchronized in order to ensure desired QoE for an application with multiple QoS flows.
A method includes receiving a first antenna stream from a first feeder link to a first non-terrestrial network payload, wherein the first antenna stream includes signals transmitted by terminal devices that are synchronized in time, receiving a second antenna stream from a second feeder link to a second non-terrestrial network payload, wherein the second antenna stream includes signals transmitted by the terminal devices that are not synchronized in time, storing the first and second antenna streams in buffers, obtaining a first timing advance, obtaining a second timing advance, obtaining an estimation of timing offset based on the timing advances, obtaining the second antenna stream from the second buffer and performing timing offset compensation to the second antenna stream based on the estimation of the timing offset, and obtaining the first antenna stream from the first buffer such that it is synchronized with the second antenna stream.
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
patents
