When all the figures of the drawing are considered jointly, the invention relates in summary to a method for compressing the volume of data in a file (26), for guiding a tool (16) along manufacturing coordinates for the additive manufacturing of a component (14), in a computer (27). In this case, at least one vector is determined and stored in the file (26), which vector, together with an algorithm (32), defines manufacturing parameters for filling a first region of the component (14). The algorithm (32) can be stored in the file (26) or stored in a library (30) and reference can be made to the algorithm (32) in the file (26). Alternatively or additionally, a second region of the component (14) to be filled can be defined in the file (26) by virtue of the fact that a first region is defined in the file (26) and the file (26) stores where the second region (38b) is intended to be formed and that said second region is intended to be formed in the same manner as the first region. In addition to a second region (38b), this method can be continued for any number of further regions. In a method (12) according to the invention for manufacturing the component (14), the manufacturing parameters are calculated back to manufacturing coordinates. The invention also relates to a device (10) for carrying out the method (12) for manufacturing the component (14).
G05B 19/408 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by data handling or data format, e.g. reading, buffering or conversion of data
G05B 19/4093 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
G05B 19/41 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by interpolation, e.g. the computation of intermediate points between programmed end points to define the path to be followed and the rate of travel along that path
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
2.
TRANSPARENT COMPONENT WITH A FUNCTIONALISED SURFACE
The invention relates to a transparent component (1) with a functionalised surface, wherein the surface has dimples (2) and is thereby functionalised, wherein the functionalisation of the surface is an anti-glare functionalisation and the fill area of dimples is between 20% and 95%.
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
3.
MANUFACTURING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A CORRECTION FUNCTION FOR A MANUFACTURING DEVICE OF THIS TYPE OR A METHOD OF THIS TYPE
The invention relates to a manufacturing device (1) for the additive manufacturing of components (3) from a powder material, comprising: - a beam-generating device (5), which is designed to generate an energy beam (7) having a beam profile (8) which is not rotationally symmetrically about a beam axis (A) of the energy beam (7); - a beam-rotating device (15), which is designed to rotate the beam profile (8) of the energy beam (7) about the beam axis (A); - a scanner device (9), which is designed to move the energy beam (7) in a working region (11) and to irradiate the working region (11) locally selectively with the energy beam (7) in order to produce, by means of the energy beam (7), a component (3) from the powder material located in the working region (11); and - a control device (19), which is operatively connected to the beam-rotating device (15) and to the scanner device (9) and is designed to control the beam-rotating device (15) and the scanner device (9); wherein the control device (19) is designed to correct control of the scanner device (9) according to a current angle of rotation of the beam-rotating device (15).
With reference to the drawing, the invention relates in summary to an emergency cooling system (14) for a device (10), in particular in the form of a device for additive manufacturing by means of laser metal fusion. The device (10) comprises a temperature-critical component (22a) and optionally at least one further temperature-critical component (22b-d), which are disposed both on a main cooling system (12) and on an emergency cooling system (14) in order to be actively cooled by a cooling medium. The emergency cooling system (14) comprises an emergency pump (18) and a machine frame (46), which is disposed at least in portions on an emergency cooling circuit (42) and in particular also on a main cooling circuit (40). The machine frame (46) provides the mechanically necessary stability of the device (10) and, in a synergy effect, also functions as a cooling heat sink. The invention also relates to a method (54) for operating the device (10), in which a cooling medium is guided in the emergency cooling circuit (42) through the machine frame (46).
The invention relates to an optical assembly (30) for converting an input laser beam (20) into an output beam (44), which propagates along a propagation direction (z) and which, in a working plane (48), has a beam cross-section with non-vanishing intensity that is extended along a first direction (y) and extends along a second direction (x) perpendicular to the first direction (y) and to the propagation direction (z). The invention also relates to a laser system (10) for generating radiation with an intensity distribution (L) that has a homogenised intensity profile in the beam cross-section.
BEAM-GUIDING DEVICE FOR GUIDING AN ENERGY BEAM AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL AND HAVING SUCH A BEAM-GUIDING DEVICE
The invention relates to a beam-guiding device (13) for guiding an energy beam (7) along a beam path (19), with at least one first beam-deflecting element (21), which can be moved between a first functional position and a second functional position, wherein the first beam-deflecting element (21) in the first functional position is arranged at a deflecting position (15) in the beam path (19) and is set up to deflect the energy beam (7) onto a target beam axis (A), and in the second functional position to allow the energy beam (7) to propagate further along the beam path (19), and with a plurality of second beam-deflecting elements (23), which in at least one functional state of the beam-guiding device (13) are arranged in the beam path (19) and are set up so that the energy beam (7) coming from the deflecting position (15) in the second functional position of the first beam-deflecting element (21) is thereby guided along the beam path (19) back to the deflecting position (15) and onto the target beam axis (A).
G05B 19/4099 - Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
G02B 27/28 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups , for polarising
7.
METHOD AND PLANNING DEVICE FOR PLANNING A LOCALLY SELECTIVE IRRADIATION OF A WORKING AREA WITH A PLURALITY OF ENERGY BEAMS, METHOD AND MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF A COMPONENT FROM A POWDER MATERIAL, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A METHOD
The invention relates to a method for planning a locally selective irradiation of a working area (15) with a plurality of energy beams (11), in order by means of the energy beams (11) to manufacture a component (3) layer by layer from a plurality of layers of a powder material (5) arranged one after the other at successive times in a sequence of layers in the working area (15), wherein - a first displacement of a first irradiation section (19.1) for a first energy beam (11.1) of the plurality of energy beams (11) along a first irradiation area (21.1) on the working area (15) from a first starting position (23.1) to a first end position (25.1) within the first irradiation area (21.1) and - a second displacement of a second irradiation section (19.2) for a second energy beam (11.2) of the plurality of energy beams (11) in a second irradiation area (21.2) on the working area (15) from a second starting position (23.2) to a second end position (25.2) within the second irradiation area (21.2) - are coordinated with one another in such a way that • an irradiation of the second irradiation area (21.2) with the second energy beam (11.2) only begins when the first irradiation section (19.1) and the second starting position (23.2) for the second irradiation section (19.2) are not arranged relative to one another within an interaction zone (27), and that • a beginning of irradiation in the second irradiation section (19.2) is timed to be coordinated with a beginning of irradiation in the first irradiation section (19.1), wherein - an irradiation plan for the locally selective irradiation of the working area (15) with the energy beams (11) is obtained or amended.
The invention relates to a method for planning the local solidification of a layer of powder material with a when manufacturing a three-dimensional object layer by layer, the method comprising the following steps: step a): in a connected area (18(I)) of the layer (7) to be solidified, at least one inskin area (15(II)) and at least one downskin area (14(II)) is determined; step b): an inskin pattern (21) comprising inskin vectors (1', 3', 4', 6', 7', 9', 10', 12', 13') is defined for each inskin area (15(II)), and a downskin pattern (22) comprising downskin vectors (2', 5', 8', 11', 14') is defined for each downskin area (14(II)), the inskin pattern (21) being defined independently of the definition of the downskin pattern (22); step c): a processing sequence of all inskin vectors (1', 3', 4', 6', 7', 9', 10', 12', 13') and downskin vectors (2', 5', 8', 11', 14') is defined; the method is characterised in that in step c), a plurality of inskin vector blocks (23a, 23b), each comprising one or more inskin vectors (1', 3', 4', 6', 7', 9', 10', 12', 13') to be successively processed, and a plurality of downskin vector blocks (24a, 24b), each comprising one or more downskin vectors (2', 5', 8', 11', 14') to be successively processed, are defined, and a vector-block sequence for processing the inskin vector blocks (23a, 23b) and the downskin vector blocks (24a, 24b) is defined, in which vector-block sequence inskin vector blocks (23a, 23b) and downskin vector blocks (24a, 24b) alternate. This invention allows for high-quality, accelerated exposure of connected downskin areas (14(II)) and inskin areas (15(II)) to be performed while avoiding overheating of these areas.
The invention relates to a measuring device (10) for measuring a laser line beam (1) generated by a laser system (100), the measuring device (10) having: a process chamber (20) which has an entrance region (22) for entry of the laser line beam (1) into the process chamber (20), a beam profile measurement apparatus (30) which is arranged in the process chamber (20) and is designed to measure the laser line beam (1) entering the entrance region (22), and a trim device (60) for trimming the laser line beam (1) before entry into the process chamber (20). The trim device (60) has a plurality of at least three individual mirrors (64), which can be moved by at least one drive, for trimming the laser line beam (1) before entry into the process chamber (20), wherein the individual mirrors (64) can be moved at least in some regions in at least one movement direction (3) relative to a linear extent of the laser line beam (1) specified by the measuring device (10).
The invention relates to a method for operating a system (1) for the layered manufacturing of at least one object on a base element (13) by locally compacting pulverulent material (5) in a respective layer using a work laser (17), comprising the following steps: Step A) The base element (13) is arranged on a movable piston plate (12), Step B) A preliminary measurement is carried out in the system (1), a measurement pattern (24) on the upper side (23) of the base element (13) being measured using a measuring device (26), step C) based on data from the preliminary measurement, the layered manufacturing of the at least one object on the base element (13) is prepared and carried out, characterized in that, after step A) and before step B), a step A') takes place in which a surface (22) of the base element (13) facing the work laser (17) is roughened in a treatment area (21) of the base element (13) using the work laser (17) in the system (1), the treatment area (21) comprising at least part of the upper face (23) of the base element (13), and is further characterized in that, in step B), the measurement pattern (24) to be measured - comprises a light pattern (24a) which is projected at least partially into the roughened treatment area (21) onto the upper face (23) of the base element (13), and/or - comprises a base element (13) edge structure (24b) on the upper face (23) of the base element (13), the edge structure having a plurality of edges (29) and at least some of the edges (29) of the edge structure (24b) being situated in the roughened treatment area (21). The invention provides a method by means of which improved contrast during the preliminary measurements can be obtained in a simple manner.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
11.
METHOD FOR MEASURING A BUILD PLATFORM OF A GENERATIVE MANUFACTURING DEVICE, CONTROL DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A METHOD, GENERATIVE MANUFACTURING DEVICE HAVING SUCH A CONTROL DEVICE, METHOD FOR THE GENERATIVE MANUFACTURING OF A COMPONENT, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT
The invention relates to a method for measuring a build platform (3) of a generative manufacturing device (1), comprising the following steps: - creating a first recording of the build platform (3) in a first state by means of a powder bed sensor (7) or by means of a sensor (19) for detecting remitted light (21) of an energy beam (11) in the generative manufacturing device (1); - detecting, in each case, a first marking position of at least two markings of the build platform (3) in the first recording; - comparing the first marking positions in the first state with allocated second marking positions of the same markings in a second state of the build platform (3) by means of a mathematical calculation rule, and - obtaining, from the comparison, a deviation of the first marking positions from the allocated second marking positions.
G05B 19/404 - Numerical control (NC), i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
The invention relates to a method for separating a workpiece (104) which has a transparent material (102). Multiple focal elements (120) are provided by means of an inlet laser beam (108), and the focal elements (120) are applied to the material (102). By applying the focal elements (120) to the material (102), material modifications (138) are produced in the material (102) along a specified machining line (128), and the material (102) is separated along the machining line (128) using an etching method with a wet-chemical solution, wherein the temperature of the wet-chemical solution during the etching method equals at least 100 °C and/or maximally 150 °C.
The present invention relates to a laser system for laser cladding, comprising: a laser source for producing a laser beam (30) having a wavelength in the range between 0.4 µm and 1.5 µm; and a jet nozzle for directing the laser beam (30) at a workpiece surface (12) and for directing a powder jet comprising a pulverulent material (20) at the laser beam (30) and at the workpiece surface (12); wherein the laser beam (30) exiting from the jet nozzle has a reduced intensity in a core region (314) in comparison with an edge region (312a, 312b, 312c), and wherein the pulverulent material (20) comprises hard-material particles. The invention also relates to a method for laser cladding and to a component which can be manufactured by means of the method.
B23K 26/00 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
B23K 26/144 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
B23K 26/323 - Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
B23K 31/00 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups
B22F 10/25 - Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
C23C 24/10 - Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
The invention relates to an optical assembly (20) for converting an input laser beam (18) into a linear output beam (12) having an intensity distribution with increased homogeneity. The invention also relates to a laser system (10) for generating a linear output beam (12) having such an intensity distribution, said laser system comprising such an optical assembly (20), and to a method for controlling a displacement device (54) on one of two lens arrays (38, 40) in an optical assembly (20).
The invention relates to a device (10) for generating a defined laser line on a working plane (24), having multiple laser light sources (12a, 12b), each of which is designed to generate a laser beam bundle (16a, 16b, 16c) with a defined divergence. The laser beam bundles (16a, 16b, 16c ) define a beam direction (z) which intersects the working plane (30) and are designed to overlap in front of the working plane (30) at a first distance (A) thereto, and the laser beam bundles (16a, 16b, 16c) have a beam profile in the region of the working plane (30), said beam profile having a long axis (LA) with a long axis beam width and a short axis (SA) with a short axis beam width perpendicularly to the beam direction (z). The device (10) additionally has a first optical assembly (14) which is designed to generate a defined beam profile in the short axis (SA) on the working plane (30). The device (10) is characterized in that it additionally comprises a second optical assembly (18) which has multiple separate second sub-units (18a, 18b, 18c) which are designed to generate a beam profile with a homogenous angle in the long axis (LA) on the working plane (30).
The invention relates to a method for producing at least one object (2) on a building platform (6) in layers by locally solidifying pulverulent material (3) in a layer (7), wherein: at least in a plurality of the layers, N high-energy beams (8a, 8b) are at least temporarily used simultaneously with N scanners, where N ≥ 2; each scanner is assigned a scanner coordinate system; a control device (10) for an exposure of a layer for each scanner - provides (102) exposure data of a machining pattern in a reference coordinate system, - converts (103) the exposure data in the reference coordinate system into exposure data in the scanner coordinate system by means of a programmed coordinate transformation (PKT) and - directs (104) the obtained exposure data in the scanner coordinate system to the associated scanner so that the scanner exposes (105) the machining pattern on the building platform in the layer; while producing the at least one object in layers, measurements are repeatedly taken, by means of each of which the current actual coordinate transformations (MTKT) of at least N-1 scanners are determined; between two successive determinations of the current actual coordinate transformations, M layers are produced, where M ≥ 2; and, while producing the at least one object, the programmed coordinate transformations for the at least N-1 scanners are updated taking into account the current actual coordinate transformations (205.1, 205.j, 205.A; 305.1, 305.j, 305.A). The invention is characterised in that a plurality of updates of the programmed coordinate transformations of the at least N-1 scanners are performed between two successive determinations (201, 206; 301, 306) of the current actual coordinate transformations. The invention provides a method which makes it possible to produce the at least one object on the building platform in layers so that the object is high-quality while minimising non-productive time.
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
17.
SUCTION DEVICE FOR SUCKING UP PROCESS GAS WITH A STATIONARY GAS-CONVEYING CHANNEL AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS COMPRISING SUCH A SUCTION DEVICE
The invention relates to a suction device for sucking up process gas from a process chamber (16) of a device (11) for producing three-dimensional objects by selective solidification of a build-up material, applied in layers, by means of a beam (27) acting on the build-up material, comprising °a suction module (41) movable in translation; °a gas-conveying channel (74) arranged in a stationary manner and having a slot (72); °a connection module (70), which is connected to the suction module (41), is movable in the slot (72) of the gas-conveying channel (74), and fluidically connects the suction module (41) to the gas-conveying channel (74).
B29C 64/371 - Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
18.
DEVICE FOR GENERATING A DEFINED LASER LINE ON A WORKING PLANE
The invention relates to a device for generating a defined laser line (12) on a working plane (14), said device comprising a laser light source (22), which is designed to generate a laser raw beam (24), and an optical arrangement (26) which receives the laser raw beam (24) and converts it along an optical axis (46) to an illumination beam (28). The illumination beam (28) defines a beam direction (29) which intersects the working plane (14) and has, in the region of the working plane (14), a beam profile (18) which has, perpendicular to the beam direction (29), a long axis having a long-axis beam width and a short axis having a short-axis beam width. The beam profile (18) can be moved relative to the working plane (14) along a movement direction (20) in order to machine a workpiece (16) with the aid of the illumination beam (28). The beam profile (18) has a defined intensity profile over the short-axis beam width, said intensity profile having a flank (48) leading in the direction of movement (20), a flank (50) trailing in the direction of movement (20) and a plateau (52) lying between the leading flank (48) and the trailing flank (50). The plateau (52) in the region of the leading flank (48) has a different intensity level than in the region of the trailing flank (50). The optical arrangement (26) furthermore has a beam transformer (30) which is designed to divide the laser raw beam (24) into a plurality of beam segments (36a, 36b) which are arranged next to one another in the long axis. In addition, the optical arrangement (26) has an optical element (56; 58) which is designed to selectively influence selected beam segments (36a, 36b).
A device (10) for mounting a large optical unit (50) comprises a carrier plate (12) and a rigid mounting face (14a) which is arranged on the carrier plate (12) and configured to mount a base surface (52) of the large optical unit (50) in a predetermined position and orientation. The rigid mounting face (14a) is also configured to mount the large optical unit (50) at a Bessel point (BP1) of the large optical unit (50). The device (10) also comprises an elastic mounting face (16a) which is arranged on the carrier plate (12) and configured to elastically mount the base surface (52) of the large optical unit (50).
The present invention relates to a line optical system (10) for generating a defined laser line (24) on a working plane (26), said line optical system comprising: at least one laser light source (12) for generating at least one laser beam (20); an optical assembly (14) which is designed to generate an illumination beam (22) along a beam path from the at least one laser beam (20), the illumination beam (22) defining a beam direction which intersects the working plane (26), the illumination beam (22) forming the defined laser line (24) in the region of the working plane (26), the optical assembly (14) having, in the beam path, a focusing unit (18) having a focusing lens (28) for focusing the illumination beam (22), the focusing lens (28) being movable parallel to the beam direction; a camera system (36) which is designed to monitor the illumination beam (22) at a defined position downstream of the focusing lens (28), the illumination beam (22) having a focus state at the defined position; and a control device (44) which is designed to readjust a position of the focusing lens (28) parallel to the beam direction based on a change in focus state at the at least one defined position.
The invention relates to a line-generating optical system (10) for generating a defined laser line (24) on a working plane (26), comprising at least one laser light source (12) for generating at least one laser beam (20); an optical assembly (14) which is designed to generate an illumination beam (22) from the at least one laser beam (20) along a beam path, wherein the illumination beam (22) defines a beam direction which intersects the working plane (26), the illumination beam (22) forms the defined laser line (24) in the region of the working plane (26), the optical assembly (14) has a focusing unit (18) with a focusing lens (28) in the beam path for focusing the illumination beam (22), and the focusing lens (28) can move parallel to the beam direction; a camera system (36) which is designed to monitor the illumination beam (22) at at least three defined positions downstream of the focusing lens (28), said illumination beam (22) having a focus state at each of the at least three defined positions; and a controller (44) which is designed to determine the position of the focus of the focusing lens (28) on the basis of the focus states at the at least three defined positions and to control the position of the focusing lens (28) parallel to the beam direction such that the focus position is arranged on the working plane (26).
A manufacturing method for the layer-by-layer additive manufacturing of a shaped article (10I), wherein a further layer (29a) is repeatedly added to a previous layer arrangement in the direction of a layer sequence, and in each case: VII. A new layer (22a) of a powder (17) is applied to the previous layer arrangement (13); VIII. In a melting area (23a) predetermined for the further layer (29a) and having a contour (25), the powder (17) of the new layer (22a) and at least part of the topmost layer of the previous layer arrangement (13) are melted with a first high-energy beam (24), in particular a laser beam or electron beam, is characterised in that in at least some of the further layers (29a), adding to the further layer (29a) further comprises: IX. A machining part (46) of the contour (25) is determined for the contour (25), and after step II, a second high-energy beam (31a), in particular a laser beam or electron beam, is moved along a line of travel which runs parallel to the machining part (46), as a result of which the further layer (29a) and at least part of the topmost layer of the previous layer arrangement (13) are melted along the line of travel, wherein the second high-energy beam (31a) has a second melt depth (33a) that is greater than the first melt depth (EST) of the first high-energy beam. The invention allows the surface roughness of the side faces of the shaped article to be reduced.
The invention relates to a laser deposition welding process for producing a coating layer (80) on a surface (74) of a component (70) by creating at least one coating track (86) with a predefined track width (B) on the surface (74) by applying an, in particular pulverulent, filler material (2) along a helix-shaped or spiral-shaped working trajectory (88), wherein the filler material (2) and the component (70) are heated along the working trajectory (88) by means of a laser beam (1) so that the at least one coating track (86) is formed when the filler material (2) impinges on the surface (74), wherein at least two, in particular at least three, turns (8) in the at least one coating track (86) at least partially overlap along a track width (B).
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/144 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
METHOD FOR LASER WELDING A BIPOLAR PLATE FOR A FUEL CELL, WITH POWER-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION VARYING CYCLICALLY OVER TIME IN THE REGION OF THE MOLTEN POOL
A method for laser welding a bipolar plate (1) for a fuel cell, wherein two plate parts (1a, 1b) are welded to one another along at least one weld seam (2, 2a, 2b, 2c), wherein the laser welding is performed with a laser beam (5), wherein the laser beam (5) has, in a plane (E) of a surface (4) of the two plate parts (1a, 1b), a basic movement component (GBK) with a rate of advancement VS in a welding direction (SR) along a welding curve (8) in relation to the plate parts (1a, 1b), and the welding curve (8) runs along the weld seam (2, 2a, 2b, 2c), wherein the laser beam (5) produces a molten pool (7) in the plate parts (1a, 1b), and the laser beam (5) brings about a power-density distribution (LDV) of laser radiation in the plane (E) of the surface (4) of the two plate parts (1a, 1b) in the region of the molten pool (7), and wherein the laser beam (5) comprises one or more part-beams (11a, 11b), is characterized in that the power-density distribution (LDV) in the plane (E) of the surface (4) of the two plate parts (1a, 1b) is varied cyclically over time in the region of the molten pool (7). The invention provides a method by which low-defect weld seams with a high level of fluid impermeability can be produced on a bipolar plate at a high welding speed.
The invention relates to a laser deposition welding method for producing coating layers (80) on opposing surfaces (74) of a component (70) in that on each surface (74), an additive material (2), in particular a pulverulent additive material, is directed onto the respective surface (74) along a processing trajectory, in particular a spiral-shaped processing trajectory, wherein the additive material (2) and the component (70) are heated along the processing trajectory by means of a laser beam (1) such that the additive material (2) connects to the component (70) upon striking the respective surface (74), and the coating layers (80) are at least temporarily simultaneously produced on the opposing surfaces (74).
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/144 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
The invention relates to a method for laser drilling a drilled hole into a workpiece (10), wherein at least one laser beam (20) is used for the laser drilling, wherein a laser beam cross section (30) of the at least one laser beam (20) has a central area (31) with a first laser beam profile (32) having a first mean beam intensity and an outer edge area (33), surrounding the central area (31), with a second laser beam profile (34) having a second mean beam intensity, wherein the second mean beam intensity is greater than the first mean beam intensity.
The invention relates to a method for the laser processing of a workpiece (102), which has a curved surface (104), in which method at least one focus element (122) is provided by means of an input laser beam (110), the surface (104) of the workpiece (102) is acted on by the at least one focus element (122) and the at least one focus element (122) is moved relative to the surface (104), wherein the at least one focus element (122) has an elongated shape parallel to a longitudinal central axis (145) of the at least one focus element (122), the longitudinal central axis (145) of the at least one focus element (122) is orientated transverse, and in particular perpendicular, to the surface (104) of the workpiece (102), and wherein a material (106) of the workpiece (102) is removed and/or modified on the surface (104) by means of the at least one focus element (122).
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/352 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
B23K 26/364 - Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
B21B 1/22 - Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling bands or sheets of indefinite length
B21B 27/00 - Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B41C 1/05 - Heat-generating engraving heads, e.g. laser beam, electron beam
The present invention relates to a method for the laser processing of a workpiece (102) which has a curved surface (104), in which a plurality of focus elements (122) spaced apart from one another are provided by means of an input laser beam (110), the surface (104) of the workpiece (102) is acted on by the focus elements (122), and the focus elements (122) are moved relative to the surface (104), wherein at least a subset of the focus elements (122) is arranged on the surface (104) in a manner spaced apart in a circumferential direction (140), along which the surface (140) is curved, and wherein a material (106) of the workpiece (102) is removed and/or modified at the surface (104) by means of the focus elements (122).
The invention relates a method for determining at least one geometric result value and/or at least one quality characteristic of a weld (3) on at least one workpiece (9), wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) scanning the weld (3) by means of a measuring beam (2) during laser-beam welding of the weld (3) for ascertaining data points, wherein the measuring beam (2) is moved along at least one measuring path on the weld (3) and the ascertained data points indicate a height and/or depth of the weld (3) with respect to a workpiece surface (10) of the at least one workpiece (9), and b) determining the at least one geometric result value and/or the at least one quality characteristic by evaluating the previously ascertained data points.
B23K 31/12 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
B23K 26/03 - Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
The invention relates to a method for laser welding a flow field plate (1) for a fuel cell, two plate parts (1a, 1b) being welded to one another along at least one weld seam (2, 2a, 2b, 2c). According to the invention, the laser welding is carried out along the at least one weld seam (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) using a laser beam ensemble (34) comprising at least three individual beams (33), the individual beams (33) each producing a laser spot (5a-5e, 5a'-5c') on a surface (4) of the plate parts (1a, 1b), and in that the at least three individual beams (33) of the laser beam ensemble (34) produce a common weld pool (9) in the plate parts (1a, 1b). The invention provides a method which can achieve good fluid-tightness of weld seams of a flow field plate with high reliability.
The invention relates to a method for laser-beam welding multiple components (2, 3) at different processing locations of a component (1) by means of a laser-welding device (100), wherein the method comprises the following steps: (a) measuring a processing location of the multiple processing locations by means of a measuring beam (4) and/or by means of a sensor system, and (b) laser-beam welding a previously measured processing location of the multiple processing locations by means of a processing beam (5), wherein steps (a) and (b) are performed in parallel.
The invention relates to a scanner welding apparatus (100) for scanner welding at least two workpieces (7), wherein: the scanner welding apparatus (100) comprises a laser beam device (10) for emitting a laser beam (1) and scanner optics (20) for orienting the emitted laser beam (1) onto at least one machining surface (8) of at least one of the at least two workpieces (7); the scanner optics (20) comprise a collimation lens (21) and at least one movable mirror (22); and, between the laser beam device (10) and the collimation lens (21), a numerical aperture NA can be determined from the refractive index n of a medium between the laser beam device (10) and the collimation lens (21) and the aperture angle α of the laser beam (1) between the laser beam device (10) and the collimation lens (21) according to the formula NA = n x sin(α/2), wherein the scanner welding apparatus (100) is designed such that NA > 0.08 applies to the numerical aperture.
The invention relates to a method for joining two components (41, 42) of a battery (40), wherein the components (41, 42) are welded to one another by scanner welding by means of a welding device (100), wherein, during the scanner welding, a measuring beam (3) of an OCT sensor system is optically guided by means of a processing lens (32) of the welding device (100) coaxially in relation to a processing beam (2) of the welding device (100), and wherein the measuring beam (3) and the processing beam (2) are guided at a substantially matching angle of incidence (α) in relation to at least one processing surface of the two components (41, 42).
The invention relates to a device for generating a defined laser line (12) on a working plane (14), said device comprising at least one laser light source (20) which has a pumped solid-state laser (28) and generates at least one pulsed UV laser raw beam (I). The device further comprises an optical arrangement (18) having a number of optical elements (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52) which define a beam path for the at least one pulsed UV laser raw beam (I). The optical arrangement (18) is designed to form a pulsed illumination beam (16) at a defined pulse rate from the at least one pulsed UV laser raw beam (I). The pulsed illumination beam (16) defines a beam direction (52) which intersects the working plane (14). The pulsed illumination beam (16) has a beam profile (V; VI) in the area of the working plane (14), said beam profile having, perpendicular to the beam direction, a long axis with a long axis beam width (LA) and a short axis with a short axis beam width (KA). According to one aspect of the invention, the optical arrangement (18) is designed to generate the beam profile (V; VI) with a short axis beam width (KA) that is less than 250 μm, and the at least one laser light source (20) and the optical arrangement (18) are jointly designed to generate the pulsed illumination beam (16) in the area of the working plane (14) at a defined pulse rate that is greater than 1 kHz.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
35.
METHOD FOR WELDING ZINC-COATED STEEL SHEETS USING A LASER BEAM
The invention relates to a method for welding a first welding surface (12a) of a first metal sheet (10a) to a second welding surface (12b) of a second metal sheet (10b), the first welding surface (12a) having a zinc coating (16a). The welding surfaces (12a, 12b) face one another and are spaced from one another. A laser beam (18) is guided along the first welding surface (12a) and the second welding surface (12b) in a wobbling movement to weld the welding surfaces (12a, 12b). The wobbling movement has one direction component in a forward direction (FD) of the laser beam (18) and one direction component perpendicular to the forward direction (FD). The path (24) of the laser beam (18) on the welding surfaces (12a, 12b) has a pattern which repeats with a period (30) in the forward direction (FD). The width of the path (24) perpendicular to the forward direction (FD) is greater than the period (30) of the path (24) in the forward direction (FD). The laser beam (18) is divided in the radial direction by its beam axis (BA) into an inner profile (20) and an outer profile (22), the intensities of which are different, and the outer profile (22) surrounds the inner profile (20).
The invention relates to a method for welding a first welding surface (12a) of a first metal sheet (10a) to a second welding surface (12b) of a second metal sheet (10b), wherein the first welding surface (12a) has a coating (16a) which comprises an alloy of aluminium and silicon. The welding surfaces (12a, 12b) are arranged so as to face one another and be spaced apart from one another. A laser beam (18) is guided along the first welding surface (12a) and the second welding surface (12b) in order to weld the welding surfaces (12a, 12b) in a wobbling movement. The wobbling movement has a directional component in a feed direction (FD) of the laser beam (18) and a directional component perpendicular to the feed direction (FD). The path (24) of the laser beam (18) on the welding surfaces (12a, 12b) has a pattern which repeats in the feed direction (FD) with a period (30). The width of the path (24) perpendicular to the feed direction (FD) is greater than the period (30) of the path (24) in the feed direction (FD). The laser beam (18) is divided into an inner profile (20) and an outer profile (22), the intensities of which are different, by its beam axis (BA) in the radial direction, wherein the outer profile (22) surrounds the inner profile (20).
The invention relates to an assembly (10) for electrically connecting at least two electrically conductive conductor elements (12), the assembly comprising: a first electrically conductive conductor element (12-1) having a first contact face (123-1), a second electrically conductive conductor element (12-2) having a second contact face (123-2), wherein the conductor elements (12-1, 12-2) are arranged in relation to one another in such a way that they are in contact with one another via the relevant contact face (123-1, 123-2), wherein the first conductor element (12-1) and/or the second conductor element (12-2) have/has a modified surface structure in the region of the relevant contact face (123-1, 123-2). The invention also relates to a conductor element (12) for use in the assembly (10), and to a method and a laser processing system (20) for producing a structured surface on a conductor element (12).
H01R 4/30 - Clamped connections; Spring connections using a screw or nut clamping member
H01R 4/34 - Conductive members located under head of screw
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/352 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
H01R 4/26 - Connections in which at least one of the connecting parts has projections which bite into or engage the other connecting part in order to improve the contact
The present invention relates to a device and a method for processing a workpiece (5) by means of a laser beam (10) of a laser (1), comprising a waveplate (2) and a focusing device (4), wherein the waveplate (2) is designed to impose a first location-dependent phase shift on the laser beam (10) with a first input polarisation and to impose a second location-dependent phase shift on the laser beam (10) with a second input polarisation, the focusing device (4) is designed to focus the laser beam (10) into at least one focus zone (120, 122), wherein the beam shape of the laser beam (10) in the focus zone (120, 122) is determined by the location-dependent phase shift, and at least one focus zone (120, 122) at least partially overlaps with the workpiece (5) and the workpiece (5) is exposed to laser radiation in the at least one focus zone (120, 122) and is thereby processed.
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B23K 26/402 - Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
B23K 26/064 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
The invention relates to a method for laser cladding, in which method pulverous material (20) and a laser beam (30) are directed, at an angle to each other, toward a workpiece surface (12) of a workpiece (10) such that the pulverous material (20) is at least partially heated in a zone of interaction (40) with the laser beam (30) above the workpiece surface (12) and is welded onto the workpiece surface (12) along a predefined contour, wherein the laser beam (30) has a wavelength in the range between 0.4 µm and 1.1 µm, and wherein, within the zone of interaction (40), the laser beam (30) has an intensity in its edge region (312a, 312b, 312c) which is greater than an intensity in the core region (314) of the laser beam (30), the greater intensity of the edge region (312a, 312b, 312c) being applied to the pulverous material (20) as the pulverous material enters the zone of interaction (40). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
B23K 26/144 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
B23K 26/34 - Laser welding for purposes other than joining
The invention relates to a method for the laser processing of a workpiece (104) which has a transparent material (102). In the method, multiple focal elements (120, 120') are provided by means of an input laser beam (108), and the focal elements (120, 120') act on the material (102), wherein material modifications (138) are produced in the material (102) along a specified processing line (128) as a result of the focal elements (120) acting on the material (102), which can be detached at said processing line by means of an etching process using at least one wet-chemical solution, and as a result of the focal elements (120') acting on the material (102), at least one separate etching entrance (144) is formed in the material (102) in order to supply the at least one wet-chemical solution to the processing line (128) from an outer face (132, 134) of the workpiece (104).
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
C03C 15/00 - Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B23K 26/57 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
B23K 26/359 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line
41.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING AT LEAST ONE COMPONENT THAT CAN EASILY BE REMOVED FROM A CARRIER
The invention relates to a method for producing a first component (12) from metal powder by means of additive laser manufacturing. The first component (12) is connected to a carrier (14) heated to greater than 400°C via a first support structure (16). The first support structure (16) can have a plurality of first support struts, which are delicately designed so that the first component (12) can be easily separated from the first support structure (16). A bearing structure (28) can also be attached to the carrier (14), wherein a second component (22) is supported on the bearing structure (28) via a second support structure (26). A further bearing structure (32) can be formed on the bearing structure (28), which supports a further component (24) via a further support structure (30). The invention also relates to a manufacturing device (10), in particular for carrying out the method.
B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
42.
METHOD, PLANNING DEVICE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR PLANNING A LOCALLY SELECTIVE IRRADIATION OF A WORKING REGION WITH AN ENERGY BEAM, AND METHOD, MANUFACTURING DEVICE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL
The invention relates to a method for planning a locally selective irradiation of a working region (15) with an energy beam (11), in order to manufacture a component (3) layer-by-layer from a plurality of powder material layers (19) of a powder material (5) arranged in the working region chronologically one after another in a layer sequence by means of the energy beam (11), wherein, for at least one powder material layer (19) of the plurality of powder material layers (19), a shifting of the energy beam (11) in sections along a contour line (33) of the component to be produced is determined, wherein a plurality of contour path vectors (300) are determined for the shifting of the energy beam (11) in sections along the contour line (33), and wherein a maximum length of less than 1 mm is determined for the contour path vectors (300), wherein an irradiation plan is obtained for the locally selective irradiation of the working region (15) with the energy beam (11).
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
43.
METHOD, PLANNING DEVICE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR PLANNING A LOCALLY SELECTIVE IRRADIATION OF A WORKING REGION WITH AN ENERGY BEAM, AND METHOD, MANUFACTURING DEVICE AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL
The invention relates to a method for planning a locally selective irradiation of a working region (15) with an energy beam (11), in order to manufacture a component (3) layer-by-layer from a plurality of powder material layers (19) of a powder material (5) arranged in the working region chronologically one after another in a layer sequence by means of the energy beam (11), wherein at least one first powder material layer (19, 19.1) is determined from the plurality of powder material layers (19), for which at least one first cross-sectional area (33) of the component (3) to be manufactured is determined, which is to be hardened in the powder material layer (19) by means of the energy beam (11), wherein a plurality of irradiation vectors (300) for the irradiation of the cross-sectional area (33) to be hardened are determined, and wherein a chronological sequence for at least two directly adjacent neighbouring irradiation vectors (310) of the plurality of irradiation vectors (300) is determined according to at least one proximity parameter determined for the neighbouring irradiation vectors (310) with a respective at least one further irradiation vector (320) with temporal priority; wherein an irradiation plan is obtained for the locally selective irradiation of the working region (15) with the energy beam (11).
The invention relates to a method for operating a manufacturing system for the additive manufacture of components from a powder material which is applied in layers on a construction platform in a construction chamber of the manufacturing system and is locally welded by means of exposure, wherein quality parameters (Q) of a working layer (AS) of the powder material are ascertained, at least in the region of the component or components that are being manufactured, and analyzed by means of a monitoring device, and when the ascertained quality parameters (Q) exceed admissible tolerance values manufacture of the relevant component or components is terminated.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B22F 10/322 - Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
B22F 10/37 - Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
METHOD, PLANNING DEVICE AND COMPUTER-PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR PLANNING LOCALLY SELECTIVE IRRADIATION OF A WORKING AREA WITH AN ENERGY BEAM, AND METHOD, PRODUCTION DEVICE AND COMPUTER-PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL
The invention relates to a method for planning locally selective irradiation of a working area (15) with an energy beam (11), in order to use the energy beam (11) to produce a component (3) layer by layer from a plurality of powder-material layers (19) of a powder material (5) arranged successively over time in a sequence of layers in the working area (15), wherein - at least one first powder-material layer (19.1) is selected from the plurality of powder-material layers (19) to be the one for which at least one first cross-sectional region (33.1) of the component (3) to be produced that is to be fused in the powder-material layer (19) by means of the energy beam (11) is selected, wherein the at least one first cross-sectional region (33.1) is divided into a first skin region (35.1) and a first core region (37.1), wherein - at least one second powder-material layer (19.2) is selected from the plurality of powder-material layers (19) to be the one for which at least one second cross-sectional region (33.2) of the component (3) to be produced that at least partially overlaps with the first cross-sectional region (33.1) and is to be fused by means of the energy beam (11) is selected, wherein the at least one second cross-sectional region (33.2) is divided into a second skin region (35.2) and a second core region (37.2), wherein - for the first cross-sectional region (33.1), irradiation with the energy beam (11) in the first skin region (35.1) is selected with a reduced average energy input over time in comparison with the first core region (37.1), wherein - for the second cross-sectional region (33.2), irradiation with the energy beam (11) is only selected for the second core region (37.2), while the second skin region (35.2) is selected not to be irradiated, and wherein - an irradiation plan is obtained for the locally selective irradiation of the working area (15) with the energy beam (11).
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
B22F 10/36 - Process control of energy beam parameters
B22F 10/366 - Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
B22F 10/38 - Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
46.
METHOD FOR THE LASER PROCESSING OF A WORKPIECE WITH REDUCED INTENSITY GAP
The invention relates to a method for processing a workpiece (10) by means of a laser beam (8), wherein: the laser beam (8) is provided at a fiber end (1) of an optical cable (2); the optical cable (2) at least comprises a core fiber (3), which has a core fiber diameter KFD, a ring fiber (4), which annularly surrounds the core fiber (3) and has an outer ring fiber diameter ARFD, and a cladding layer (5), which lies between the core fiber (3) and the ring fiber (4) and surrounds the core fiber (3) and has a cladding layer thickness MSD, the laser beam (8) thus comprising a core beam (6) from the core fiber (3) and a ring beam (7) from the ring fiber (4); the laser beam (8) is focused toward the workpiece (10) in a focal plane (11) at a magnification ratio AV; in the focal plane (11), the core beam (6) has a core beam diameter KSD within which 86% of the laser power of the core beam (6) is present, the ring beam (7) has an outer ring beam diameter ARSD within which 86% of the laser power of the ring beam (7) is present, and the ring beam (7) has an inner ring beam diameter IRSD at which the same circumferentially averaged irradiance of the ring beam (7) as at the outer ring beam diameter ARSD is present, so that an intensity gap (9) between the inner ring beam diameter IRSD and the core beam diameter KSD with an intensity gap width ILB = (IRSD - KSD) / 2 results. The method is characterized in that MSD ≤ 0.3 * KFD and furthermore ILB ≤ 0.3 * KSD, and in that MSD ≤ 20 µm, preferably < 10 µm, and ILB ≤ 20 µm * AV, preferably < 10 µm * AV. By means of the invention, the processing quality of a workpiece can be improved.
The invention relates to a method for laser welding two, preferably metal, components (19, 12), wherein a pulsed laser beam (18) is directed onto a surface (20) of one of the components (10) such that the material of the components (10, 12) is melted in the area of a weld seam (23) to be produced, wherein the laser beam (18) has an intensity profile that has an annular intensity maximum and a local intensity minimum in its centre, wherein the intensity in the intensity minimum is at least 10% smaller than in the intensity maximum (30), and wherein a depth (34) of the produced weld seam (23) is at most as large as a width (36) of the weld seam.
A method for laser welding a workpiece (17), wherein: a laser beam (8) is directed onto the workpiece (17) by means of a scanning optical unit (13); using the laser beam (8) and in any order, a first part (21) is welded to a base element (20) at least in a first welding zone (31) and a second part (22) is welded to the base element (20) in a second welding zone (32); and the first part (21) and the second part (22) are made of different materials, at least in the region of the first and second welding zones (21, 22), the method being characterised in that the laser energy of the laser beam (8) can be split variably at least between a core component (KA) corresponding to a core beam (9) of the laser beam, and a ring component corresponding to a ring beam (10) that surrounds the core beam (9), and in that the splitting of the laser energy into the core component (KA) and the ring component is selected differently when welding the first welding zone (21) and when welding the second welding zone (22). The invention enables faster production of workpieces, wherein parts made of different materials are welded onto one base element.
The invention relates to a method for the laser processing of a workpiece (104) which has a transparent material (102). An input laser beam (108) is split into a plurality of sub-beams (116) by means of a beam splitting element (106), and sub-beams (116) coupled out of the beam splitting element (106) are focused, wherein multiple focal elements (120) are formed by focusing the sub-beams (116), the distance (d) of adjacent focal elements (120) equaling at least 3 µm and/or at most 70 µm, and the focal elements (120) are supplied to the material (102) of the workpiece (104) in order to carry out the laser processing.
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
C03B 33/09 - Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
C03C 1/00 - Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes or vitreous enamels
50.
SPATTER DETECTION USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LASER PROCESSING
The invention relates to a method (12) and a device (10) for detecting spatter (48) during laser processing of a workpiece (22) by means of a processing laser beam (18). Process lighting (24) generated during laser processing and/or the reflection (26) of additional lighting is/are detected by an optical sensor (28). The optical sensor (28) captures at least one image (44a-c), in particular several images (44a-c), and transmits the signal(s) (36) thereof to an evaluation unit (38). The evaluation unit (38) has an algorithm (40) for machine learning. The algorithm (40) is trained by previously captured and evaluated images (44a-c), in particular with captured spatter (46a, b). The algorithm (40) is trained to recognise spatter (48) occurring during laser processing and to output this information as an output (50). The output (50) can be sent to a control unit (52) for open-loop or closed-loop controlling the laser processing machine (14).
The present invention relates to a method and a device (1) for processing a workpiece (10) using a laser beam (30) of a laser (3), comprising a laser (3) configured to emit a laser beam (30), a polarization switch (4) configured to switch the polarization of the laser beam (30) between two polarization states and/or rotate the polarization of the laser beam (30), a polarization splitter (5) configured to split the laser beam (30) into two partial laser beams (300), with the two partial laser beams (300) having mutually orthogonal polarizations and with the first partial laser beam (301) with the first polarization having a first offset following the passage through the polarization splitter and the second partial laser beam (302) with a second polarization having a second offset following the passage through the polarization splitter, and a processing optical unit (8) configured to introduce the first partial laser beam (301) into the workpiece (10) into a first focal zone (801) and introduce the second partial laser beam (302) into the workpiece (10) into a second focal zone (802) in order to process the workpiece (10), with the polarization switch (4) being arranged upstream of the polarization splitter (5) in the beam propagation direction and with the switching and/or rotating of the polarization by the polarization switch (4) alternately maximizing the intensities of the two partial laser beams (300).
The invention relates to monitoring the powder injection during laser deposition welding. During monitoring of the powder injection, a powder jet (18) is directed from a powder nozzle (20) onto a workpiece (16). The powder in the powder jet (18) is fused with the workpiece (16) by means of a working laser beam (14) which is emitted onto the workpiece (16). The powder jet (18) is illuminated transversely to the direction of the powder jet (18) by means of an illumination (laser) beam (24). A camera (26) having a viewing direction in parallel with the jet direction of the powder jet (18) images the portion of the powder jet (18) which is illuminated by the illumination (laser) beam (24). The above-mentioned steps are carried out simultaneously. An algorithm performs an actual evaluation of the illuminated portion of the powder jet (18). If the actual evaluation deviates to a specified extent from a target evaluation, a notification is issued.
B23K 26/144 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
B23K 31/12 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
53.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LASER PROCESSING OF A WORKPIECE
The present invention relates to a method for laser processing of a workpiece (104) comprising a material (102) which is transparent for the laser processing, wherein an input laser beam (108) is split into a plurality of partial beams (116) by means of a beam splitting element (106), in which case the splitting of the input laser beam (108) by means of the beam splitting element (106) is effected by phase imposition on a beam cross section (112) of the input laser beam (108), partial beams (116) coupled out from the beam splitting element (106) are focused by means of a focusing optical unit (118), a plurality of focus elements (120) are formed by focusing of the partial beams (116), and wherein the material (102) of the workpiece (104), for the purpose of laser processing, is impinged on by at least one subset of the focus elements (120) formed. The phase imposition is effected by means of the beam splitting element (106) in such a way that at least two of the focus elements (120) formed have a different intensity (I).
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
54.
METHOD FOR THE LASER CUTTING OF A WORKPIECE, WITH AN INTENSITY MINIMUM EXTENDED OVER THE THICKNESS OF THE WORKPIECE IN THE CENTER OF THE INTENSITY PROFILE OF THE LASER BEAM
p,qzmaxmax LS) in the local intensity profile (18a-18c). The invention presents a method for the laser cutting of a workpiece which allows an improved quality of the cut flank to be achieved.
The invention relates to a device (10) and to a method (12) for machining a workpiece (14) using a laser beam (16). The laser beam (16) has, on the surface of the workpiece (14), a preferably rectangular cross section with a long side and a short side. The laser beam (16) is guided by a scanner optical system (24) in which it is deflected at least in the scan transverse direction (26). The long side is preferably oriented at an angle between 80° and 100°, in particular at an angle of 90°, to the scan transverse direction (26) in order to be able to cover a large surface of the workpiece (14) with few movements of the scanner optical system (24) in the scan transverse direction (26). The asymmetric beam formation can take place by means of two successively arranged collimator lenses having different focal lengths.
B23K 103/00 - Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
56.
WELDING OPTICAL UNIT FOR THE LASER WELDING OF WORKPIECES, WITH FLEXIBLE ADJUSTMENT OF THE NUMBER AND DISTANCE OF LASER SPOTS BY MEANS OF CYLINDRICAL LENSES, AND USES OF SUCH A WELDING OPTICAL UNIT
11222'), wherein the two cylindrical lenses have a curved profile on at least one side with respect to a common refraction direction (BR; BR') perpendicular to the optical planes and have a translation-invariant profile with respect to a common non-refraction direction (NBR; NBR') parallel to the optical planes, and a spot-distance adjusting device (15; 15'), by means of which the two cylindrical lenses can be moved relative to each other with respect to the refraction direction. By means of the welding optical unit (1), flexible beam shaping can be achieved in a simple way, and in particular the number and distance of laser spots which are produced can be flexibly adjusted.
The invention relates to a method for welding at least two aluminum-containing components. Each of the components has a content of at least 75 wt.% of aluminum, and the welding process is carried out as a deep laser welding process, wherein a starting laser beam (6) is separated into multiple sub-beams (8) which are oriented towards the components such that a plurality of laser spots are produced on a surface of the components, wherein the plurality of laser spots traverse a welding contour on the surface of the components, and laser spot centers of at least three laser spots of the plurality of laser spots are arranged in a ring formation. The starting laser beam (6) is generated by means of a multi-fiber, in particular a 2-in-1 fiber (2a) so that the plurality of lasers spots have a respective core component and a ring component on the surface of the components. After a first traversal of the welding contour, the welding contour is at least partly traversed a second time.
The invention relates to a method for welding at least two aluminum-containing components. Each of the components has a content of at least 75 wt.% of aluminum, preferably at least 90 wt.% of aluminum, and the welding process is carried out as a deep laser welding process, wherein a starting laser beam is separated into multiple sub-beams which are oriented towards the components so that multiple laser spots (12) are produced on a surface of the components, wherein the plurality of laser spots (12) traverse a welding contour on the surface of the components, and laser spot centers (15) of at least three laser spots (12) of the plurality of laser spots (12) are arranged in a ring formation (16). The invention is characterized in that the starting laser beam is generated by means of a multi-fiber, in particular a 2-in-1 fiber so that the plurality of lasers spots (12) have a respective core component (13) and a ring component (14) on the surface of the components. The average power density in the core component (14) is greater than the average power density in the ring component (13). The invention also relates to a method for welding two aluminum-containing components, said method allowing media-tight welding seams to be produced with a high degree of reliability.
The invention relates to a method and a device (30) for welding at least two aluminum-containing components (19). Each of the components (19) has a content of at least 75 wt.% of aluminum, and the welding process is carried out as a deep laser welding process, wherein a starting laser beam (6) is separated into multiple sub-beams which are oriented towards the components (19) such that a plurality of laser spots are produced on a surface (20a) of the components (19), wherein the plurality of laser spots traverse a welding contour on the surface (20a) of the components (19), and laser spot centers of at least three laser spots of the plurality of laser spots are arranged in a ring formation. The starting laser beam (6) is generated by means of a multi-fiber, in particular a 2-in-1 fiber, such that the plurality of lasers spots have a respective core component and a ring component on the surface (20a) of the components (19). The traversal of the welding contour is at least partly carried out by a scanning optical unit with a first mirror which is pivoted in a controlled manner.
The invention relates to a laser machining method comprising the steps of: A) machining at least one workpiece (14) with a laser beam (24) along a trajectory; B) recording a plurality of process parameters during machining; C) determining at least one region, preferably a plurality of regions, of the trajectory (26) in which a significant change occurs only in the process parameters of a predefined subset, preferably only in one of the process parameters; and D) checking whether the significant change in the process parameters of the subset is accompanied by a significant change in the machining quality. The invention further relates to a control apparatus for a laser machining system that is designed to carry out such a method, and to a laser machining system having such a control apparatus.
B23K 26/03 - Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
B23K 26/046 - Automatically focusing the laser beam
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
B23K 26/38 - Removing material by boring or cutting
B23K 31/10 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to cutting or desurfacing
B23K 31/12 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
61.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LASER PROCESSING OF A WORKPIECE
The present invention relates to an apparatus for laser processing of a workpiece (104) by means of a focal zone (106), the workpiece (104) comprising a transparent material (102), the apparatus comprising a beam shaping device (110; 110') for forming the focal zone (106) from an input laser beam (112), the focal zone (106) having an elongate form in relation to a longitudinal axis (108) and the focal zone (106) having, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (108), an asymmetric cross section (140) with a preferred direction (146), a final control element (184) for changing the preferred direction (146) during the laser processing of the workpiece (104), and a controller (186) for controlling the final control element (184) on the basis of a specified assignment rule in an open and/or closed loop control of the preferred direction (146) during the laser processing of the workpiece (104).
The invention relates to a method for laser welding of a bipolar plate (10) for a fuel cell composed of two metal plate parts (12, 14), at least one peripherally closed first weld seam being produced with a first seam width, at least one second weld seam (18) being produced with a second seam width (22), and the second seam width (22) being at least 10% greater than the first seam width (20). The invention also relates to a bipolar plate (10) for a fuel cell comprising two plate parts (12, 14) which are welded to one another, at least one peripherally closed first weld seam between the two plate parts (12, 14) having a first seam width, at least one second weld seam (18) between the two plate parts having a second seam width (22), and the second seam width (22) being at least 10% greater than the first seam width (20).
The invention relates to a device for producing a defined laser illumination on a working plane (50), said device comprising a laser light source (12) which is designed to generate a raw laser beam (14) having a first angular spectrum (26). An optical assembly (64) receives the raw laser beam (14) and shapes it along an optical axis (20) into an illumination beam (48). The illumination beam (48) defines a beam direction (52) which intersects the working plane (50). The optical assembly (64) comprises at least two microlens arrays (38, 40) which are arranged with a defined distance (42) from each other along the optical axis (20). The defined distance (42) is selected in such a manner that the illumination beam (48) has an illumination beam profile (47) in the region of the working plane (50), said illumination beam profile having a plurality of separate illumination spots (46). The optical assembly (64) further comprises a beam forming element (24; 60) which is arranged along the optical axis (20) before the at least two microlens arrays (38, 40). The beam forming element (24; 60) generates a second angular spectrum (32) that differs from the first angular spectrum (26).
The invention relates to a method for coating a rotating surface region (12) of a workpiece (14) by laser deposition welding, wherein a pulverulent coating material (22), prior to impinging on the workpiece (14), is melted in a laser beam (18) directed at the surface region (12), wherein a spatially resolved intensity profile of thermal radiation (30) emitted by the workpiece (14) is captured, wherein at least one property of the intensity profile is compared with at least one predefined target value, and wherein at least one parameter of the coating process is altered depending on a result of the comparison. The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus (10) for coating a rotating surface region (12) of a workpiece (14) by laser deposition welding, comprising a laser device (16) for directing a laser beam (18) at the surface region (12), a nozzle (20) for blowing coating material (22) into the laser beam (18), a rotation device (24) for rotating the workpiece (14), a camera (28) for recording an intensity profile of thermal radiation (30) emitted by the workpiece (14), and a control device (32) configured to compare at least one property of the intensity profile with at least one predefined target value and to alter at least one parameter of a coating process depending on a result of the comparison.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus (7) for separating a material (50) of a workpiece (5), wherein material modifications (6) are introduced into the transparent material (50) of the workpiece (5) along a separation line (60) by means of a non-diffractive machining laser beam (22), and the material (50) of the workpiece (5) is then separated along the resulting material modification surface (62) by means of a separation step, wherein the non-diffractive machining laser beam (22) maximally reduced by a phase conicity has a PV value of less than 10λ, and wherein λ is a wavelength of the machining laser beam (22).
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/402 - Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
66.
MEASURING DEVICE, MANUFACTURING DEVICE HAVING A MEASURING DEVICE OF THIS TYPE, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A MANUFACTURING DEVICE FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF A COMPONENT FROM A POWDER MATERIAL
The invention relates to a measuring device (5) for aligning a build-plan coordinate system with respect to a build-plane coordinate system of a working region (13) of an additive manufacturing device (1), the working region being located in a build plane (11). The measuring device comprises: - a first sensor apparatus (19) which is designed to sense a first sensing region (21) of the working region (13) with a first measurement accuracy; - a selection module (23) which is designed to select at least one region of interest (25) within the first sensing region (21); - a second sensor apparatus (29) which is designed to sense the at least one selected region of interest (25) with a second measurement accuracy, the second measurement accuracy being higher than the first measurement accuracy; and - an alignment module (31) which is designed to determine, on the basis of the sensed region of interest (25), at least one alignment of the build-plan coordinate system relative to the build-plane coordinate system, selected from an angular alignment and a translational alignment.
C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
68.
METHOD AND MACHINING DEVICE FOR ASCERTAINING THE STATE OF A RACK AND PINION DRIVE FOR A MOVABLE AXIS
The invention relates to a method for ascertaining the state of a rack and pinion drive (21) for a movable axis (14) in a machining device (15). At least one measurement run of the movable axis (14) is carried out over the entire working region of a linear axis (15), wherein the measurement run is actuated by a travel movement of the movable axis (14) at a constant advancing speed in at least one movement direction of the linear axis (15), signals are detected on the basis of the axial positions of the linear axis (15) during the measurement run, and the detected signals are evaluated for a data processing device (9) on the basis of the axial position of the movable axis (14) and are analyzed using a mathematical process.
F16H 19/04 - Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion comprising a rack
The invention relates to a method (12) for producing bipolar plates (14) for fuel cell production, in which a first metal foil (16a) and a second metal foil (16b) are reshaped. Subsequently the metal foils (16a, b) are associated with one another with the aid of the reshaped structures. After this, the metal foils (16a, b) are pressed onto one another in a first joining station (26a), in particular through a first mask (28a), and are partially welded to one another, in particular through openings (34) in the first mask (28a). Finally, the bipolar plates (14) which are connected to one another are separated out from the metal foils (16a, b). A second mask (28b) is preferably used in the first joining station (26a), the metal foils (16a, b) being welded through the openings (34) in the second mask, and the metal foils (16a, b) being pressed onto one another between the first mask (28a) and the second mask (28b). The planes of the metal foils (16a, b) preferably extend vertically in the first joining station (26a). The invention further relates to an apparatus (10) for carrying out such a method (12).
123412,3412341,22,312,3412,34) of the four input beams (1 to 4); and a superposition device (5) which is designed as described above, for the coherent superposition of the four input beams (1 to 4) to form the output beam (6).
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
G02B 27/14 - Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
G02B 27/28 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups , for polarising
121212122, ...) of the two input beams (1.1, 1.2, …) from which the respective output beam (2.1, 2.2, …) is formed by the coherent combination. The invention also relates to an optical system comprising at least one combining device (3) which is designed as described further above.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
G02B 27/14 - Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
G02B 27/28 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups , for polarising
72.
METHOD, MACHINING PLANT AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR MACHINING A PLURALITY OF WORKPIECES
The invention relates to a method for machining a plurality of workpieces (22), in which method, for machining of each of the workpieces (22), a machining head (12) of a machining plant (10) and the workpiece (22) in question are moved relative to one another by at least one machine shaft (16, 18) of the machining plant (10), so that the workpieces (22) are each machined along the same trajectory (34). For the machining of a plurality of workpieces (22), the movement takes place in different part-regions (38, 40) of a maximum range of movement (26, 28) of the at least one machine shaft (16, 18), which part-regions (38, 40) deviate from one another within pre-defined limits.
B23K 37/02 - Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
B23K 37/047 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
73.
METHOD FOR LASER WELDING CURVED METAL-CONTAINING BAR CONDUCTORS WITH AN INTENSITY REDISTRIBUTION IN A STARTING PHASE AND AN END PHASE; CORRESPONDING BAR CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT AND USE OF SUCH BAR CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENTS
The invention relates to a method for laser welding bar conductors (1a, 1b), said bar conductors (1a, 1b) consisting of an aluminum-containing bar conductor material with a content of at least 75 wt.% of aluminum. Two bar conductors (1a, 1b) are arranged next to each other so as to at least partly overlap and are welded together by means of a processing laser beam (11). A welding bead (19) is formed on a common base surface (7) of the bar conductors (1a, 1b) lying next to each other, said welding bead connecting the bar conductors (1a, 1b) together. The invention is characterized in that the processing laser beam (11) is guided while the bar conductors (1a, 1b) are being laser welded such that a welding contour (12) of the processing laser beam (11) is placed relative to the bar conductors (1a, 1b) and the advancing speed v of the processing laser beam (11) along the welding contour (12) relative to the bar conductors (1a, 1b) is selected such that while the bar conductors (1a, 1b) are being laser welded, the welding bead (19) has a non-fluid oxide skin (14) within which liquid bar conductor material (15) accumulates while the bar conductors (1a, 1b) are being laser welded, while the bar conductors (1a, 1b) are being laser welded, the non-liquid oxide skin (14) is partially broken open solely at a welding bead (19) end face (20) facing upwards by means of the processing laser beam (11) in a manner corresponding to the welding contour (12), and while the bar conductors (1a, 1b) are being laser welded, the non-liquid oxide skin (14) remains undamaged in a casing region (21) of the welding bead (19), said casing region extending away from the upper end face (20) and downwards towards the bar conductors (1a, 1b) and about the entire welding bead (19).
METHOD FOR WELDING CURVED METAL-CONTAINING BAR CONDUCTORS WITH AN INTENSITY REDISTRIBUTION IN A STARTING PHASE AND AN END PHASE; CORRESPONDING BAR CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT AND USE OF SUCH BAR CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENTS
gesteilteilteilteil), which is spatially averaged over the sub-region of the processing laser beam, is reduced over time starting from the intensity at the end of the main phase (HP) at least in the sub-region of the cross-section of the processing laser beam on the workpiece surface.
Disclosed is a process for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional parts (2), in which a feedstock (6) in powder form is locally melted using a processing beam, in particular a laser beam (8), the melting operation resulting in a molten bath (15), the method being characterized in that in order to acquire at least one additive manufacturing process parameter (T, v), a spectrum (22) of electromagnetic radiation (18) emitted by a plasma (17) forming in surroundings (16) of the molten bath (15) during the melting operation is measured and analyzed.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
METHOD FOR MEASURING THE APPLICATION BEHAVIOUR OF POWDER, METHOD FOR DETERMINING A LAYER DELIVERY QUANTITY, METHOD FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPONENT LAYER AND DEVICE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE
The invention relates to a method for measuring the application behaviour of powder (3) in a building region (11) of a device for additive manufacturing (1), said method comprising: - providing a planar surface (57) in the building region (11), which surface is lowered relative to a work surface (9) by a predetermined measuring stroke (HM); - dispensing a predetermined delivery quantity (52_A) of powder from a powder storage container (23) for distribution by a coater (25); - distributing the dispensed delivery quantity (52_A) of powder by moving the coater (25) in a travel direction (x), so that a measured powder layer (60) forms on the planar surface (57); and - measuring a location-dependent distribution of a powder application (Pc(y)_A) of the deposited measured powder layer (60). A precise knowledge of the location-dependent quantities of powder deposited enables a powder delivery which can be adapted to a layer-specific powder requirement, in particular to calculated location-dependent quantities of powder required.
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
B22F 10/37 - Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
B22F 10/85 - Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B22F 12/90 - Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/02 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B22F 10/31 - Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
The invention relates to a method for moving a processing head (12) of a beam tool (10) during a processing pause, the processing head being movable along a plurality of machine axes (22, 24, 26) with maximum dynamics, and the method comprising the following steps: A) specifying a transfer path (52, 54) for the processing head (12) from a processing end position (42, 44) at a workpiece (14, 16), B) specifying a withdrawal distance (54), C) calculating a movement path (56, 58) in accordance with the maximum dynamics, the movement path (56, 58) being increasingly shifted in the direction of the withdrawal distance (54) in comparison with the transfer path (50, 52), D) moving the processing head (12) from the processing end position (42, 44) along the movement path (56, 58). The invention also relates to a computer program for carrying out step C) and to a beam tool having a control device for carrying out step C).
A method for monitoring a laser welding process for welding two workpieces (2, 3), in particular composed of glass, crystal, ceramic or glass-metal compound, by means of a laser beam (4) that is focused through one workpiece (2) into a boundary region (8) of the two workpieces (2, 3), in order to weld the two workpieces (2, 3) to one another, comprises the following method steps according to the invention: – during welding, directing an OCT measurement beam (15) into the boundary region (12) alongside the laser focus (F) of the laser beam (4) or around the laser focus (F); – determining the position of a workpiece/workpiece interface (7) of two workpieces (2, 3) having different refractive indices (n1, n2) and bearing against one another, or the positions of workpiece/gap interfaces (7a, 7b) of two workpieces (2, 3) having identical or different refractive indices (n1; n1, n2) and separated from one another by a gap (6), by means of the OCT measurement beam (15) reflected at the respective interface (7, 7a, 7b); and – monitoring the laser welding process on the basis of the determined position(s) of the interface(s) (7, 7a, 7b).
The invention relates to a device for laser machining a workpiece (104) which has a material (102) that is transparent to the machining laser, comprising a first beam-shaping device (106) with a beam splitting element (112) for splitting a first inlet beam (108) coupled into the first beam-shaping device (106) into a plurality of sub-beams (114) and comprising a focusing optical unit (116) which is paired with the first beam-shaping device (106) for imaging sub-beams (114) coupled out of the first beam-shaping device (106) into at least one focal zone (122), wherein the first inlet beam (108) is split by means of the beam splitting element (112) by impressing a phase onto the first inlet beam (108), the sub-beams (114) are focused onto different sub-regions (120) of the at least one focal zone (122) in order to form the at least one focal zone (122), the at least one focal zone (122) is introduced into the material (102) at at least one incidence angle (α) relative to the exterior (144; 146) of the workpiece (104) using the focusing optical unit (116) in order to laser machine the workpiece (104), and material modifications (156) are produced in the material (102) by acting on the material (102) by means of the at least one focal zone (122), said material modifications being associated with a crack formation of the material (102).
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/359 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
The invention relates to a device for laser machining a workpiece (104) which has a material (102) that is transparent to the machining laser, comprising a first beam-shaping device (106) with a beam splitting element (112) for splitting a first inlet beam (108) coupled into the first beam-shaping device (106) into a plurality of sub-beams (114) and comprising a focusing optical unit (116) which is paired with the first beam-shaping device (106) for imaging sub-beams (114) coupled out of the first beam-shaping device (106) into at least one focal zone (122), wherein the first inlet beam (108) is split by means of the beam splitting element (112) by impressing a phase onto the first inlet beam (108), the sub-beams (114) are focused onto different sub-regions (120) of the at least one focal zone (122) in order to form the at least one focal zone (122), the at least one focal zone (122) is introduced into the material (102) at at least one incidence angle (α) relative to the exterior (144; 146) of the workpiece (104) using the focusing optical unit (116) in order to laser machine the workpiece (104), and material modifications (156) are produced in the material (102) by acting on the material (102) by means of the at least one focal zone (122), said material modifications being associated with a change in the refractive index of the material (102).
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/359 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
122); the first laser machining unit (20), together with the first focal zone (38), and the at least one additional laser machining unit (22; 90, 92), together with the at least one additional focal zone (54, 56), can each be moved in an advancing direction (78) which is parallel to the machining plane (42); and the workpiece (14) is made of a material (12) which is transparent to a laser beam from which the first focal zone (38) and the at least one additional focal zone (54, 56) are formed.
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
82.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR LASER-MACHINING A WORKPIECE
The invention relates to an apparatus for laser-machining a workpiece (70), said apparatus comprising: a beam forming device (16, 16') for forming a focal zone (18) from an input laser beam (14) incident on the beam forming device (16, 16'); and a telescopic device (34, 34') for imaging the focal zone (18) into a material (72) of the workpiece (70), wherein a phase is impressed onto a beam cross-section of the input laser beam (14) by means of the beam forming device (16, 16') in such a way that the focal zone (18) extends along a longitudinal centre axis (40) which is curved at least in sections, and the focal zone (18) has an asymmetrical cross-section in a plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal centre axis (40).
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/067 - Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B23K 103/00 - Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
83.
PLANNING DEVICE, MANUFACTURING DEVICE, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM A POWDER MATERIAL
The invention relates to a planning device (19) for planning a locally selective irradiation of a working area (11) with an energy beam (7) in order to produce by means of the energy beam (7) a component (3) from a powder material arranged in the working area (11), the planning device (19) being configured to determine at least one irradiation parameter as a function of an irradiation site (17) on the working area (11).
B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B22F 10/38 - Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
B22F 10/85 - Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E. V. (Germany)
FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITÄT JENA (Germany)
TRUMPF LASER- UND SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH (Germany)
Inventor
Blothe, Markus
Chambonneau, Maxime
Nolte, Stefan
Kumkar, Malte
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for dividing a transparent workpiece (1) by means of pulsed laser radiation (2) by way of producing a beam convergence zone (3) in the volume of the workpiece, the intensity of the laser radiation (2) in said beam convergence zone exceeding a threshold value for non-linear absorption, wherein the beam convergence zone (3) and the workpiece (1) are moved relative to one another and a planar weakening running along a predefined separating line (4) is thus produced in the workpiece (1), and wherein the workpiece (1) is subsequently divided along the separating line (4). The invention proposes suppressing non-linear propagation of the laser radiation (2) in the volume (1) of the workpiece outside the beam convergence zone (3) by way of selection of the duration of the energy input produced by the non-linear absorption of the pulsed laser radiation and by way of spatial beam shaping.
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
H01L 21/78 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
The present invention relates to a method for separating a workpiece (1), wherein material of the workpiece (1) is removed along a separating line (3) by means of a laser beam (20) comprising ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser (50), wherein the material of the workpiece (1) is transparent to the wavelength of the laser beam (20) and has a refractive index of between 2.0 and 3.5, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5, and the workpiece (1) is separated along the indentation (4) that arises as a result of the removal of the material, in a separating step.
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/064 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/364 - Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B23K 26/57 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
The invention relates to a method for cutting and chamfering a workpiece (1) containing a transparent material, wherein material modifications (5) are introduced into the transparent material of the workpiece (1) along a cutting line (4) by means of ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser (2), whereupon the material of the workpiece (1) is cut, in a cutting step, along the material modification area (50) formed thereby, the laser pulses being applied to the workpiece (1) at an angle of attack (α), and the material modifications (5) being modifications of type 1 and/or type II that are associated with a change in the refractive index of the material of the workpiece (1).
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B32B 17/10 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
C03B 33/09 - Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cutting a workpiece (1) containing a transparent material, wherein material modifications (5) are introduced into the transparent material of the workpiece (1) along a cutting line (4) by means of ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser, whereupon the material of the workpiece (1) is cut, in a cutting step, along the material modification area (50) formed thereby, the laser pulses being applied to the workpiece (1) at an angle of attack (α), the optical aberration of the laser pulses during the transition into the material of the workpiece (1) being reduced by an aberration correction device (7), the laser beam (20) having a radially asymmetrical transverse intensity distribution (220), said transverse intensity distribution (220) being elongate along a first axis (A) compared to a second axis (B), the second axis (B) running perpendicularly to the first axis (A).
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
G02B 27/09 - Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectioned area, not otherwise provided for
The invention relates to a method for cutting a workpiece (1) containing a transparent material, wherein material modifications (5) are introduced into the transparent material of the workpiece (1) along a cutting line (4) by means of ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser, whereupon the material of the workpiece (1) is cut, in a cutting step, along the material modification area (50) formed thereby, the laser pulses being applied to the workpiece (1) at an angle of attack (α), the material modifications (5) being modifications of type III associated with tear formation in the material of the workpiece (1).
B23K 26/364 - Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
89.
SYSTEM FOR MACHINING A MATERIAL USING ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES
The invention relates to a system (1) for machining a material (2) using ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser (3), comprising an ultrashort pulse laser (3) for generating the ultrashort laser pulses and for providing a laser beam (32), a hollow-core fiber (4) which is designed to transport the laser beam (32) to an outlet (42) of the hollow-core fiber (4), and an optical coupling unit (41) which is designed to couple the laser beam (32) into an inlet (40) of the hollow-core fiber (4), wherein the outlet (42) of the hollow-core fiber (4) is designed to couple the laser beam (32) out of the hollow-core fiber (4) at a divergence angle (α), and the system is also equipped with a lens device (8), on which the laser beam (32) coupled out of the hollow-core fiber (4) is incident at the divergence angle (α), a beam-shaping element (6), on which the laser beam (32) exiting the lens device (8) is incident, and a focusing optical unit (7). The lens device (8) is designed to adapt the divergence angle (α) of the decoupled laser beam (32) in order to adapt the beam diameter (D) of the laser beam (32) on the beam-shaping element (6); the beam-shaping element (6) is designed to imprint the laser beam (32) with a virtually non-diffracting beam shape, having a focal zone (322) which is elongated in the beam propagation direction, upstream or downstream of the focusing optical unit (7); and the focusing optical unit (7) is designed to adjust the insertion depth of the focal zone (322) in or on the material (2).
The invention relates to a method for machining the material of a workpiece (9) using a virtually non-diffracting laser beam (5), said workpiece (3) having a material which is partly transparent to the virtually non-diffracting laser beam (5) and has a linear absorption. The method has the steps of: irradiating (step 103) a raw pulsed laser beam (5') into an optical beam shaping system (13) in order to form a virtually non-diffracting laser beam (5) with a focal zone (7) extending in a longitudinal direction (z) for machining the material of the workpiece (3), wherein a phase is imprinted on the beam cross-section of the raw laser beam (5') by means of the optical beam forming system (13) in order to form phase-imprinted laser radiation (5_PH), and focusing (step 107) the phase-imprinted laser radiation (5_PH) onto the partly transparent material of the workpiece (3) so that the virtually non-diffracting laser beam (5) is formed and the focal zone (7) has an intensity distribution which can be adjusted along the longitudinal direction (z). The phase impression is set such that when the phase-imprinted laser radiation is focused onto the partly transparent material of the workpiece (3), the resulting intensity distribution (BG_2h(+)) of the virtually non-diffracting laser beam (5) on the focal zone (7) is at least approximately constant in the longitudinal direction (z).
B23K 26/064 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
G02B 27/09 - Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectioned area, not otherwise provided for
C03B 33/02 - Cutting or splitting sheet glass; Apparatus or machines therefor
The present invention relates to a method for severing an at least partially transparent material (1), wherein ultra-short laser pulses in the form of individual laser pulses and/or in the form of pulse trains comprising a plurality of laser sub-pulses are focused into the material (1) such that the resulting modification zone (602) elongated in the beam propagation direction enters the material (1) and passes through at least one surface (14) of the material, material modifications (3) thus being introduced into the material (1), a plurality of material modifications (3) being introduced into the material (1) along a severing line (2), and wherein the material (1) is subsequently severed along the severing line (2) by means of a severing step. The pulse energy amount of the individual laser pulses or the sum of the pulse energy amounts of the laser sub-pulses lies in a range of 500 μJ to 50 mJ.
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/53 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for machining a material (2), in particular for drilling or structuring a material (2), by means of laser pulses of a laser beam (30) of a pulsed laser (3), preferably an ultrashort pulse laser, the apparatus (1) comprising a gradient filter element (4) for impressing an intensity gradient, which extends perpendicularly to the beam propagation direction, onto the laser beam (30) so as to form a machining beam profile (32), and an imaging optical device (5) for imaging the machining beam profile (32) into the material (2).
B23K 26/384 - Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of specially shaped holes
B23K 26/386 - Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of blind holes
B23K 26/57 - Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
The invention relates, in summary, to a method for determining a movement of a surface of a molten bath (12) by means of a Doppler shift (30) of a measuring laser beam (26a). The Doppler shift (30) is preferably determined in a heterodyne manner. The molten bath (12) is further preferably generated by a working laser beam (14). The molten bath (12) can be used for laser build-up welding. The movement of the molten bath (12) can be analysed spatially by means of the analysis of a plurality of scattered measuring laser beams (26b) and/or the analysis of a plurality of parts of a scattered measuring laser beam (26b).
The invention relates to a device for producing a defined laser illumination (12) on a working plane (14), said device comprising a laser light source (20) that generates a raw laser beam (22). An optical assembly (24) receives the raw laser beam (22) and shapes it along an optical axis (40) into an illumination beam (26). The illumination beam (26) defines a beam direction (28) which intersects the working plane (14). The illumination beam (26) has a beam profile (42, 42') in the region of the working plane (14), said beam profile having, perpendicular to the beam direction (28), a long axis (44) having a long axis beam width and a short axis (46) having a short axis beam width. The optical assembly (24) includes a beam transformer (30) having an exit aperture, a first group of optical elements (56, 60, 62, 64) for beam forming in the long axis and a second group of optical elements (34, 36, 38) for beam forming in the short axis. The beam transformer (30) expands the raw laser beam (22) in the long axis in order to generate an expanded raw laser beam. The first group of optical elements (56, 60, 62, 64) includes a homogenizer (56) which homogenizes the widened raw laser beam in the long axis. The second group of optical elements (34, 36, 38) includes at least one lens (38) which images the exit aperture of the beam transformer (30) in the working plane. The first group of optical elements (56, 60, 62, 64) generates an intermediate image (66) downstream of the homogenizer (56) and furthermore implements an imaging optical unit which images the intermediate image (66) in the working plane (14).
The invention relates to a suction device for extracting process gas from a process chamber of an apparatus as well as to an apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensional objects by selectively solidifying a building material, which is applied in layers, by means of a beam acting on the building material, the suction device comprising a suction pipe (85) which has an outlet orifice (86) at one or both end faces and to which a suction line (95) can be connected, further comprising a slit-shaped intake orifice (42) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the suction pipe (85), wherein a slit height of the intake orifice (42) varies along a length of the suction pipe (85), a slit height of the intake orifice (42) near the outlet orifice (86) being smaller than the slit height of the intake orifice (42) in a suction pipe (85) region remote from the outlet orifice (85).
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
96.
COATING DEVICE, CENTRAL MODULE, AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS BY SELECTIVELY SOLIDIFYING A BUILDING MATERIAL APPLIED IN LAYERS
The invention relates to a coating device (46) and a central module (33) for a process assisting device (21) in an apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensional objects (12) by selectively solidifying a building material, which is applied in layers, by means of a beam acting on the building material, the coating device (46) comprising two receptacles (83, 84) which run parallel to one another and extend perpendicularly to the moving direction, further comprising a partition (85) between the receptacles (83, 84), wherein a coating tool (87) is stationarily arranged on an underside of the partition (85) in the dispensing direction of the building material. The invention further relates to a process and an apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensional objects.
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
B05C 19/04 - Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces the particulate material being projected, poured or allowed to flow onto the surface of the work
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B22F 12/55 - Two or more means for feeding material
97.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS BY SELECTIVELY SOLIDIFYING A BUILDING MATERIAL APPLIED IN LAYERS
The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a three-dimensional object (12) by selectively solidifying a building material applied in layers. In said method, the building material is applied in layers to a building platform (17) in at least one process chamber (16), at least one beam (27) for solidifying the building material is generated by a radiation source (26) and is directed onto the building material in the building platform (17) by at least one beam guiding element (29), and a primary gas flow is produced along the building platform (17) by a process aiding device (21), which includes a central module (33) and an outer module (34, 35) each oriented in relation to the central module (33), such that a superficial flow path is formed with primary gas between a central module (33) and the at least one outer module (34, 35), the central module (33) and/or the at least one outer module (34, 35) being controlled so as to be movable along the building platform (17).
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
B22F 10/322 - Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
B22F 12/00 - Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
98.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS BY SELECTIVELY SOLIDIFYING A BUILDING MATERIAL APPLIED IN LAYERS
The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional object (12) by selectively solidifying a building material applied in layers. In said method, the building material is applied in layers to a building platform (17) in at least one process chamber (16), at least one beam (27) for solidifying the building material is generated by a radiation source (26) and is directed onto the building material in the building platform (17) by at least one beam guiding element (29), a primary gas flow is produced along the building platform (17) by a process aiding device (21), which includes a central module (33) and an outer module (34, 35) each oriented in relation to the central module (33), such that a superficial flow path is formed with primary gas between a central module (33) and the at least one outer module (34, 35), a secondary gas flow is oriented and delivered onto the building platform (17) above the building platform (17) by a feeding device (55), and a flow path of the secondary gas is created between the feeding device (55) and the process aiding device (21).
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
B22F 10/322 - Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
B22F 12/00 - Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
B33Y 30/00 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - Details thereof or accessories therefor
99.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHARACTERIZING A WELDING POINT
The invention relates to a method and a device (10) for characterizing a welding point (12). An object (22) is reflected at the welding point (12) and the reflected image is detected by means of an optical sensor (32). The curvature, the volume and/or the shape of the welding point (12) is determined from the size and/or shape of the image.
B23K 31/00 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups
B23K 31/12 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
H02K 3/28 - Layout of windings or of connections between windings
H02K 3/50 - Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
H02K 15/04 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of windings, prior to mounting into machines
G01N 33/207 - Welded or soldered joints; Solderability
H02K 15/00 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
B23K 26/03 - Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
H01R 43/02 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
100.
METHOD FOR LASER WELDING TWO THIN WORKPIECES IN AN OVERLAP REGION
The invention relates to a method for laser welding two workpieces (W1, W2) along a weld seam (4), wherein: at least in an overlap region (ÜB), a first workpiece (W1) with a thickness D1 and a second workpiece (W2) with a thickness D2 are arranged so as to overlap; the thicknesses D1, D2 of the two workpieces (W1, W2) are each 400 µm or less; in the overlap region (ÜB) by means of a laser beam (2) guided along the weld seam (4) from the side of the first workpiece (W1), the material of the first workpiece (W1) is melted over its entire thickness D1 and the material of the second workpiece (W2) is melted only over a partial thickness TD of its entire thickness D2; and the laser welding is performed such that the laser beam (2) generates a vapour capillary (1) which extends into the first workpiece (W1) or into the first and second workpiece (W1, W2) down to a capillary depth KT, where 0.33*EST ≤ KT ≤ 0.67*EST and the welding-in depth EST=D1+TD. The invention makes it possible to achieve a high seam quality at high feed speeds when welding thin workpieces.