Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC

United States of America

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IPC Class
H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs 5
H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests 5
H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof 5
H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists 4
H04N 21/488 - Data services, e.g. news ticker 4
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Found results for  patents

1.

Multi-panel display

      
Application Number 16125355
Grant Number 10638022
Status In Force
Filing Date 2018-09-07
First Publication Date 2020-03-12
Grant Date 2020-04-28
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for displaying content on a displayable area that spans multiple panels of a multi-panel display. A method includes: (a) using a genlock signal to define a periodic write interval and a periodic output interval, and (b) during at least a portion of the periodic write interval, using a markup document to store a description of a frame of video content to a data storage unit, where the video content comprises first live video content represented by a first video stream. The also method includes: (c) during a portion of the periodic output interval using (i) the stored description of the frame, and (ii) the first video stream to display the frame on the displayable area. Further, the method includes (d) repeating operations (a) and (b) for one or more other frames of the video content to display the video content on the displayable area.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 5/06 - Generation of synchronising signals
  • H04N 7/08 - Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band
  • H04N 5/04 - Synchronising
  • G09G 5/12 - Synchronisation between the display unit and other units, e.g. other display units, video-disc players
  • G06F 3/14 - Digital output to display device

2.

Methods and systems for determining that a video-capturing device is unsteady

      
Application Number 16368021
Grant Number 10593365
Status In Force
Filing Date 2019-03-28
First Publication Date 2019-07-18
Grant Date 2020-03-17
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, an example method includes (i) capturing, by a computing system, via a camera of the computing system, video content; (ii) encoding, by the computing system, the captured video content to generate a video stream; and (iii) while generating the video stream: (a) making, by the computing system, a determination that each condition in a condition set is satisfied, wherein the condition set includes a condition relating to a change in a data rate of the video stream; and (b) responsive to making the determination, outputting, by the computing system, via a user interface of the computing system, an indication that the computing system is unsteady.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
  • H04N 5/232 - Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control
  • H04N 21/44 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • G11B 27/031 - Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
  • H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
  • G11B 27/11 - Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information not detectable on the record carrier
  • H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • G11B 27/19 - Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
  • H04N 21/84 - Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
  • H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
  • H04N 21/854 - Content authoring
  • H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
  • H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N 21/4627 - Rights management
  • H04N 21/472 - End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content
  • H04N 21/6587 - Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands or viewpoint selection
  • H04N 21/439 - Processing of audio elementary streams
  • H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
  • H04N 21/488 - Data services, e.g. news ticker
  • H04N 5/77 - Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus between a recording apparatus and a television camera
  • H04R 29/00 - Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
  • G08B 3/10 - Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electromagnetic transmission
  • G08B 5/36 - Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
  • H04N 5/272 - Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
  • H04N 7/01 - Conversion of standards

3.

Video-production system with metadata-based DVE feature

      
Application Number 15295161
Grant Number 10622018
Status In Force
Filing Date 2016-10-17
First Publication Date 2017-04-20
Grant Date 2020-04-14
Owner TRIBUNE BROADCASTING COMPANY, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, an example method includes (i) receiving, by a first computing system, content captured by a second computing system via a camera of the second computing system; (ii) receiving, by the first computing system, metadata of the received content, wherein the metadata was generated by the second computing system proximate a time when the second computing system captured the content; (iii) executing, by the first computing system, a digital-video effect (DVE), wherein executing the DVE causes the first computing system to generate video content that includes the received content and content derived from the received metadata; and (iv) transmitting, by the first computing system, to a third computing system, the generated video content for presentation of the generated video content on the third computing system.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G11B 27/031 - Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
  • H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
  • G11B 27/11 - Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information not detectable on the record carrier
  • H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
  • H04N 5/232 - Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control
  • G11B 27/19 - Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
  • H04N 21/84 - Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
  • H04N 21/845 - Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
  • H04N 21/854 - Content authoring
  • H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
  • H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N 21/44 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • H04N 21/4627 - Rights management
  • H04N 21/472 - End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content
  • H04N 21/6587 - Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands or viewpoint selection
  • H04N 21/439 - Processing of audio elementary streams
  • H04N 21/442 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed or the storage space available from the internal hard disk
  • H04N 21/488 - Data services, e.g. news ticker
  • H04N 5/77 - Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus between a recording apparatus and a television camera
  • H04R 29/00 - Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
  • G08B 3/10 - Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electromagnetic transmission
  • G08B 5/36 - Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
  • H04N 5/272 - Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
  • H04N 7/01 - Conversion of standards

4.

Using black-frame/non-black-frame transitions to output an alert indicating a functional state of a back-up video-broadcast system

      
Application Number 14992699
Grant Number 09602812
Status In Force
Filing Date 2016-01-11
First Publication Date 2016-10-06
Grant Date 2017-03-21
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, an example method for outputting an alert indicating a functional state of a back-up video-broadcast system involves: a computing device receiving a first video-stream that represents first video-content; the computing device generating a first signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of black-frame/non-black-frame transitions included within the first video-content; the computing device receiving a second video-stream that represents second video-content; the computing device generating a second signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of black-frame/non-black-frame transitions included within the second video-content; the computing device making a determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack a threshold extent of similarity; and responsive to the determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack the threshold extent of similarity, the computing device outputting an alert.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
  • H04N 17/00 - Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
  • H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
  • H04N 21/488 - Data services, e.g. news ticker
  • H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet

5.

Systems and methods for switching between multiple software video players linked to a single output

      
Application Number 13839273
Grant Number 09451231
Status In Force
Filing Date 2013-03-15
First Publication Date 2016-09-20
Grant Date 2016-09-20
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Systems and methods for switching between multiple video sources output to output a video stream via a single physical output are disclosed. An example method can include decoding a first encoded video file and populating a memory with corresponding first decoded video data. The process can include decoding a second encoded video file and populating the memory with corresponding second decoded video data at a particular location of the memory. The process can include causing a video player to read from the memory so as to output a video stream, via the single physical output, corresponding to the first decoded video data, and then causing the video player to switch to read from the particular location of the memory such that the video stream switches to corresponding to the second decoded video data.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 9/87 - Regeneration of colour television signals

6.

Systems and methods for causing a stunt switcher to run a snipe-overlay DVE

      
Application Number 14871522
Grant Number 09438944
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-09-30
First Publication Date 2016-09-06
Grant Date 2016-09-06
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for causing a stunt switcher to run a snipe-overlay video effect (DVE). An example method involves (i) selecting a first log-entry from a traffic log, the first log-entry corresponding to a snipe-overlay DVE, to a snipe video, and to a start time; (ii) selecting a second log-entry from the traffic log, the second log-entry corresponding to a video component (VC) and the start time; (iii) causing the VC to start being channeled through the stunt switcher proximate the start time; (iv) making a determination that a threshold time-period has passed since the start time; and (v) responsive to making the determination (a) causing the snipe video to be sent to the stunt switcher, and (b) causing the stunt switcher to run the snipe-overlay DVE, thereby overlaying the snipe video on the VC as the VC is being channeled through the stunt switcher.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • H04N 21/4722 - End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification or for manipulating displayed content for requesting additional data associated with the content
  • H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
  • H04N 21/239 - Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client requests
  • H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
  • H04N 5/268 - Signal distribution or switching
  • H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof

7.

System and method for simultaneously broadcasting multiple media-components

      
Application Number 14694694
Grant Number 09426505
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-04-23
First Publication Date 2016-08-23
Grant Date 2016-08-23
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a system and method for simultaneously broadcasting video components (VCs). In one example, a method includes an automation-system (AS) selecting a log entry including (i) a first identifier that maps to a first VC, and (ii) a second identifier that maps to a second VC; a recording-and-playout device (RAPD) retrieving the first VC; the RAPD sending the retrieved first-VC to an encoder; the encoder generating a first transport-stream (TS) having (i) program-identification (PID) data, and (ii) payload data including the sent first-VC; the encoder sending the generated first-TS to a first outbound-broadcast device (OBD); the encoder sending the generated first-TS to a transport-stream splicer; the AS loading the splicer with the second VC; the splicer generating a second TS having (i) the PID data of the generated first-TS, and (ii) payload data including the loaded second-VC; and the splicer sending the generated second-TS to a second OBD.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 7/10 - Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
  • H04N 7/025 - Systems for transmission of digital non-picture data, e.g. of text during the active part of a television frame
  • H04N 7/173 - Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
  • H04N 21/2365 - Multiplexing of several video streams
  • H04N 21/2383 - Channel coding of digital bit-stream, e.g. modulation
  • H04N 21/231 - Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers or prioritizing data for deletion
  • H04N 21/2665 - Gathering content from different sources, e.g. Internet and satellite
  • H04N 21/232 - Content retrieval operation within server, e.g. reading video streams from disk arrays

8.

Using aspect-ratio transitions to output an alert indicating a functional state of a back up video-broadcast system

      
Application Number 14676297
Grant Number 09420348
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-04-01
First Publication Date 2016-08-16
Grant Date 2016-08-16
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, an example method for outputting an alert indicating a functional state of a back-up video-broadcast system involves: a computing device receiving a first video-stream that represents first video-content; the computing device generating a first signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of aspect-ratio transitions included within the first video-content; the computing device receiving a second video-stream that represents second video-content; the computing device generating a second signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of aspect-ratio transitions included within the second video-content; the computing device making a determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack a threshold extent of similarity; and responsive to the determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack the threshold extent of similarity, the computing device outputting an alert.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 7/173 - Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
  • H04N 21/647 - Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load or bridging bet
  • H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
  • H04N 21/488 - Data services, e.g. news ticker

9.

Using scene-change transitions to output an alert indicating a functional state of a back-up video-broadcast system

      
Application Number 14676319
Grant Number 09420277
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-04-01
First Publication Date 2016-08-16
Grant Date 2016-08-16
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, an example method for outputting an alert indicating a functional state of a back-up video-broadcast system involves: a computing device receiving a first video-stream that represents first video-content; the computing device generating a first signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of scene-change transitions included within the first video-content; the computing device receiving a second video-stream that represents second video-content; the computing device generating a second signature based, at least in part, upon an extent of scene-change transitions included within the second video-content; the computing device making a determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack a threshold extent of similarity; and responsive to the determination that the generated first-signature and the generated second-signature lack the threshold extent of similarity, the computing device outputting an alert.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 7/173 - Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
  • H04N 17/00 - Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
  • H04N 21/61 - Network physical structure; Signal processing

10.

Electric juicer

      
Application Number 29511939
Grant Number D0763045
Status In Force
Filing Date 2014-12-15
First Publication Date 2016-08-09
Grant Date 2016-08-09
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Bodum, Jorgen

11.

Systems and methods for determining a time period remaining until a live production system changes states

      
Application Number 14842270
Grant Number 09386330
Status In Force
Filing Date 2015-09-01
First Publication Date 2016-07-05
Grant Date 2016-07-05
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for determining a time period remaining until a live production system changes states. An example method involves accessing a stored television-broadcasting traffic log; making a first determination that a log-entry A in the traffic log does not correspond to a live-production source; making a second determination that a log-entry B in the traffic log is the next log entry after the log-entry A to correspond to a live-production source; making a third determination that the log-entry B includes a start-time B; responsive to making the first, second, and third determinations, proximate a current time that is on or after a start-time A corresponding to the log-entry A and that is before the start-time B, determining a time period as a difference between the current time and the start-time B; and providing the determined time-period to an output device for presentation proximate the current time.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 21/234 - Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
  • H04N 21/24 - Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth or upstream requests
  • H04N 21/262 - Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission or generating play-lists
  • H04N 21/81 - Monomedia components thereof
  • H04N 21/2187 - Live feed

12.

Systems and methods for newsroom management with electronic-publish-point integration

      
Application Number 13724997
Grant Number 09360983
Status In Force
Filing Date 2012-12-21
First Publication Date 2016-06-07
Grant Date 2016-06-07
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Presently described are systems and methods for newsroom management with electronic-publish-point integration. One example embodiment takes the form of a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a set of steps to be carried out for submitting content to an electronic publish point. The set of steps includes providing a newsroom script to a user via a user interface; receiving a selected portion of an on-air text portion of the newsroom script from the user via the user interface; and retrieving, from a media database, media associated with the newsroom script. The set of steps further includes submitting content to the publish point, wherein the content includes text associated with the selected portion of the on-air text portion, and wherein the content further includes the retrieved media.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06F 3/0481 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
  • G06F 3/048 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]

13.

Systems and methods for assigning attributes to recorded video

      
Application Number 13829476
Grant Number 09350966
Status In Force
Filing Date 2013-03-14
First Publication Date 2016-05-24
Grant Date 2016-05-24
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

In one aspect, a method involves (i) selecting a log-entry, wherein the log entry corresponds to a streaming-video source; (ii) causing streaming video to start being channeled from the streaming-video source to an air-chain system; (iii) making a determination that the log-entry includes a special identifier; (iv) responsive to making the determination, causing a recording device to start recording the streaming video; (v) causing a set of commercial VCs to be sent to the air-chain system; (vi) causing the recording device to stop recording the streaming video; (vii) determining a beginning and an ending position of at least two show-segment VCs included in the recorded video, wherein the at least two show-segments are separated by a commercial break; and (viii) for each of the show-segment VCs included in the recorded video, assigning a corresponding segment identifier and the corresponding determined beginning and ending positions to the recorded video.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04N 9/80 - Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
  • H04N 9/79 - Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording

14.

Systems and methods for identifying a scene-change/non-scene-change transition between frames

      
Application Number 14261169
Grant Number 09275683
Status In Force
Filing Date 2014-04-24
First Publication Date 2016-03-01
Grant Date 2016-03-01
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor
  • Hundemer, Hank J.
  • Lasher, Dana A.

Abstract

Disclosed are systems and methods for identifying a scene-change/non-scene-change transition between frames. One embodiment takes the form of a method including receiving a first frame of video; defining a first region of the first frame, wherein the first region is associated with a first plurality of pixels of the first frame; receiving a second frame of video; defining a second region of the second frame, wherein the second region is associated with a second plurality of pixels of the second frame; using (i) a first plurality of luma values associated with the first plurality of pixels and (ii) a second plurality of luma values associated with the second plurality of pixels, as a basis to identify the pair of the first and second frames as having a particular scene-change/non-scene-change attribute; and storing in a memory an indication that the pair of the first and second frames has the identified attribute.

IPC Classes  ?

  • G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
  • G11B 27/32 - Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier

15.

Systems and methods for using caller data to electronically disseminate a message

      
Application Number 13691287
Grant Number 09357067
Status In Force
Filing Date 2012-11-30
First Publication Date 2014-06-05
Grant Date 2016-05-31
Owner Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC (USA)
Inventor Hundemer, Hank J.

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for using caller data to electronically disseminate a message. In one aspect, a method involves (i) a phone switch receiving a phone call and corresponding caller data, (ii) the phone switch sending to a record manager, the caller data, (iii) the record manager receiving the sent caller data, and (iv) responsive to the record manager receiving the sent caller data, the record manager (a) retrieving from a data storage, a school identifier corresponding to the received caller data, and (b) causing a notification system to electronically disseminate a message, wherein the message indicates that an updated operational-status of a school identified by the retrieved school identifier is expected soon.

IPC Classes  ?

  • H04M 1/64 - Automatic arrangements for answering calls; Automatic arrangements for recording messages for absent subscribers; Arrangements for recording conversations
  • H04M 3/487 - Arrangements for providing information services, e.g. recorded voice services or time announcements
  • H04M 3/537 - Arrangements for indicating the presence of a recorded message
  • H04M 7/00 - Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
  • H04M 3/42 - Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers