In the presented solution the aerosol diluter comprises an input (3) for input flow, a dividing chamber (4), a filter flow channel (5), a sample flow channel, a mixing chamber (7), and an output (8) for diluted flow. The filter flow channel (5) starts from the dividing chamber (4), has a filter (6), and ends to the mixing chamber (7). The sample flow channel starts from the dividing chamber (4) and ends to the mixing chamber (7). The input flow is divided such that a portion of the input flow is guided to the filter flow channel (5) as a filter flow and a remaining portion of the input flow is guided to the sample flow channel as a sample flow. The filter (6) filters particles from the filter flow and thereby forms a filtered flow of the filter flow. The filtered flow and the sample flow are combined in the mixing chamber (7) such that a diluted flow is formed. The diluted flow is guided to the output (8). The sample flow channel is configured such that the ratio of the width of the sample flow channel to the length of the sample flow channel is at least 1.
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring particle concentrations in an aerosol. The apparatus comprises means (103) for driving flow (105) into apparatus (101), means (115) for electrically charging particles (109) to become electrically charged particles (123) by ions (113) produced by a charger, means (117) for removing free ions (113) which are not attached to the electrically charged particles (123), and means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123). The means (115) for charging the particles and the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) are dimensioned such that the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) only measures a part of a total current carried by the particles.
The invention relates to measuring particles in a sample gas flow (A). Particles in the sample gas flow (A) are charged and excess ions and/or a part of the charged particles are removed from the sample gas flow (A). The charging of the particles and the removing of the excess ions and/or the part of the charged particles are performed in a first temperature of the sample gas flow(A). The temperature of the sample gas flow (A) is lowered to a second temperature and thereafter the charge carried by the particles is measured in the second temperature of the sample gas flow (A).
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring particle concentrations in an aerosol. The apparatus comprises means (103) for driving flow (105) into apparatus (101), means (115) for electrically charging particles (109) to become electrically charged particles (123) by ions (113) produced by a charger, means (117) for removing free ions (113) which are not attached to the electrically charged particles (123), and means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123). The means (115) for charging the particles and the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) are dimensioned such that the means (119) for measuring electrical current carried by the electrically charged particles (123) only measures a part of a total current carried by the particles.
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for particle measurement. The apparatus (1) comprising a mixing chamber (16) having a sample inlet (14), an ionized gas outlet (12) for feeding ionized clean gas into the mixing chamber (16), and a mixing chamber outlet (18) for discharging mixed sample aerosol formed in the mixing chamber (16). The apparatus further comprises a sample channel (34) connected to the sample inlet (14) and extending in a first supply direction, a sample supply connection (50) arranged to supply sample aerosol to the sample channel (34) and a sample supply channel (52) connected to the sample supply connection (50) in a second supply direction transverse to the first supply direction. The sample supply connection (50) is arranged to supply the sample aerosol from the sample supply channel (52) to the sample channel (34) as a swirling sample aerosol flow.
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) and process for measuring characteristics of a particle flow. The measuring is done with two different cut-off diameters of a particle trap (13) of which one cut-off diameter is adjusted based on the measured particle characteristics.
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/70 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) and process for measuring characteristics of a particle flow. The measuring is done with two different cut-off diameters of a particle trap (13) of which one cut-off diameter is adjusted based on the measured particle characteristics.
G01N 27/70 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for particle measurement. The apparatus (1) comprising a mixing chamber (16) having a sample inlet (14), an ionized gas outlet (12) for feeding ionized clean gas into the mixing chamber (16), and a mixing chamber outlet (18) for discharging mixed sample aerosol formed in the mixing chamber (16). The apparatus further comprises a sample channel (34) connected to the sample inlet (14) and extending in a first supply direction, a sample supply connection (50) arranged to supply sample aerosol to the sample channel (34) and a sample supply channel (52) connected to the sample supply connection (50) in a second supply direction transverse to the first supply direction. The sample supply connection (50) is arranged to supply the sample aerosol from the sample supply channel (52) to the sample channel (34) as a swirling sample aerosol flow.
Apparatus (1) for generating acknowledged flow (Q), comprising a first passage (2) with ends (3,4) for acknowledged flow (Q) inlet and outlet, a discharge electrode (5) for generating airborne unipolar ions (8) positioned inside the first passage (2), a counter electrode (6) adapted to attract said airborne ions (8), thereby being adapted to cause a net flow (7) of airborne ions (8) and thereby generating an airflow (Q) in the direction of the net flow of airborne ions (8), sensing element (12, 13), the output of which is a function of the concentration of the airborne electric charge (8, 11), means (17) for switching or modulating a parameter which affects the output of the sensing element (12,13) and means for determining the volumetric flow (Q) on the basis of the time response which switching or modulation creates to the sensing element (12,13) output. 11. Use of apparatus (1) as described in the previous claims for determining ultrafine particle concentration. Process for generating acknowledged flow.
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for monitoring particles in a channel (11) or a space comprising aerosol and to an ion trap arrangement in the apparatus. The apparatus (1) comprises an ejector (24), gas supply (6, 16, 18, 19) arranged to feed an essentially particle free ionized gas flow (C) to the ejector (24), a sample-inlet arrangement (2) arranged to provide a sample aerosol flow (A) from the channel (11) into the ejector (24) by means of suction provided by the gas supply (6, 16, 18, 19) and the ejector (24) for charging at least a fraction of the particles of the sample aerosol flow (A), and an ion trap (12) extending at least partly into ejector (24) for removing ions not attached to the particles. According to the invention the ion trap (12) is a provided as a metal trap wire.
G01N 37/00 - INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - Details not covered by any other group of this subclass
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
11.
APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PARTICLE MASS CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT AND USE OF AN APPARATUS FOR PARTICLE MASS CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT
Apparatus (1) for particle mass concentration measurement, comprising passage (2) with inlet (3) and outlet (4) for guiding sample flow Q comprising particles (P, P*) with a nominal count median diameter of CMDnom, through apparatus (1), means (7,8) for electrically charging particles (P,P*) and means (16,17) for measuring the electrical current carried by said charged particles (12, 12*). Apparatus 1 is further comprises trapping means (13) for trapping essentially all free ions 11 and charged particles 12 having particle diameter smaller than trap cut-off diameter Dc.0, the cut-off diameter Dc.0 being the particle diameter above which penetration through the trapping means (13) essentially deviates from zero and means (15) for adjusting the trapping means (13) to adjust the trap cut-off diameter Dc.oto a value which is within CMDnom -50% - +100%.
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/70 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
G01M 15/10 - Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases
12.
APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW AND THE USE OF SUCH APPARATUS IN MEASURING PARTICLE CONCENTRATION IN ACKNOWLEDGED AIR FLOW
Apparatus (1) for generating acknowledged flow (Q), comprising a first passage (2) with ends (3,4) for acknowledged flow (Q) inlet and outlet, a discharge electrode (5) for generating airborne unipolar ions (8) positioned inside the first passage (2), a counter electrode (6) adapted to attract said airborne ions (8), thereby being adapted to cause a net flow (7) of airborne ions (8) and thereby generating an airflow (Q) in the direction of the net flow of airborne ions (8), sensing element (12, 13), the output of which is a function of the concentration of the airborne electric charge (8, 11), means (17) for switching or modulating a parameter which affects the output of the sensing element (12,13) and means for determining the volumetric flow (Q) on the basis of the time response which switching or modulation creates to the sensing element (12,13) output. 11. Use of apparatus (1) as described in the previous claims for determining ultrafine particle concentration. Process for generating acknowledged flow.
Apparatus (1) for generating acknowledged flow (Q), comprising a first passage (2) which is adapted for air flow through the first passage (2) at least partly in essentially vertical direction, i.e. direction aligned with the direction of the force of gravity, a discharge electrode (5) disposed in the first passage (2) for generating airborne unipolar ions (8) in the passage, means for heating (6) or means for cooling (7), adapted to generate a temperature difference within the first passage (2), thereby generating airflow (Q) through the first passage (2), sensing element (12,13), the output of which is a function of the concentration of the airborne electric charge, means (17) for switching or modulating a parameter which affects the output of the sensing element (12,13) and means for determining the volumetric flow (Q) on the basis of the time response which switching or modulation by means (17) for switching or modulating creates to the sensing element (12,13) output. Use of apparatus (1) for determining ultrafine particle concentration. Process for generating acknowledged flow
Apparatus (1) for particle measurement, comprising means (9a-c) for pulling sample flow (F) into apparatus (1), means (6*) for feeding dilution flow (FA) into the measurement apparatus, means for mixing sample flow (F) with dilution flow (FA), means (101) for measuring particle concentration and means (102,103) for adjusting dilution flow on the basis of the particle concentration measurement result. Process for particle measurement, comprising mixing sample flow (F) with dilution flow (FA), measuring particle concentration and adjusting dilution flow on the basis of the particle concentration measurement result.
Apparatus (1) for particle measurement, comprising means (9a-9c) for sucking sample flow (QS) into apparatus (1), means for triggering (102,103) apparatus (1) into flush mode, in which mode sample flow (QS) into apparatus (1) is essentially zero and means for adjusting gas flows in such a way that at least part of apparatus (1) is flushed with essentially clean gas, where apparatus (1) further comprises means (5) for feeding essentially clean gas flow (QC) into apparatus (1), the clean gas flow (QC) forming the motive fluid flow of the ejector (9a-9c) which pulls sample flow (QS) into apparatus (1) during the normal measurement mode of apparatus (1) and means for triggering (102,103) the apparatus (1) into flush mode by closing the outlet valve (BV) of apparatus (1), which forces clean gas flow (QC) upwards the sample inlet channel (2).
The invention relates to an apparatus for electrically monitoring particles in an aerosol in non-collective manner such that a sample aerosol flow is arranged to flow through the apparatus, the apparatus (1) comprising an outer housing (A) for forming an outer casing of the apparatus. The apparatus (1) of the present invention further comprises a sensor housing (B) arranged inside the outer housing (A) and electrically separated from the outer housing (A) for receiving a sample aerosol flow and electrically monitoring particles in the sample aerosol flow.
A new apparatus for monitoring fine particle concentration in an exhaust system of a combustion engine has a part that extends into the exhaust system, and a housing that includes structure that attaches and seals the apparatus to the exhaust system through a single opening in a wall of the exhaust system. A gas inlet in the housing provides a measurement flow into a particle measurement sensor inside the housing. At least a fraction of the particles entering the particle measurement sensor are charged, and at least a fraction of the current carried by the charged particles are detected. A gas outlet in the housing carries the measurement flow away from the particle measurement sensor. The structure that attaches the apparatus to the exhaust system has one electrical connector that provides power to the sensor, and another electrical connector that transmits the electrical signal created by the sensor.
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for monitoring particles (54) in a channel (11) or a space comprising aerosol. The apparatus (1) comprises an inlet chamber (4), an ejector (24), gas supply (6, 16, 18) arranged to feed essentially particle free gas flow (C) to the ejector (24) via the inlet chamber (4) and at least one sample inlet (2) arranged to provide a sample aerosol flow (A) from the channel (11) or the space into the inlet chamber (4) by means of suction provided by the gas supply (6, 16, 8) and the ejector (24). The apparatus (1) further comprises a sample supply channel (5) arranged between the sample inlet (2) and the inlet chamber (4) for mixing the 1 sample aerosol to the essentially particle free gas flow (C). The sample supply channel (5) is arranged to direct the sample aerosol flow (A) at least partly in opposite direction to the essentially particle free gas flow (C).
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) and a method for monitoring particles in a channel (11) or a space comprising aerosol and to an ion trap in the apparatus. The apparatus (1) comprising: an ejector (24), gas supply (6, 16, 8, 19) arranged to feed essentially particle free gas flow (C) to the ejector (24), a sample-inlet arrangement (2) arranged to provide a sample aerosol flow (A) from the channel (11) or the space into the ejector (24) by means of suction provided by the gas supply (6, 16, 18, 19) and the ejector (24). According to the invention the apparatus further comprises a flow guide arrangement (12, 50, 51) essentially downstream of the ejector (24) for changing the direction an ejector flow (J) discharging from the ejector (24).
A process for cleaning a particle measurement unit used to measure particle concentration from combustion exhaust gases where the oxygen concentration is less than the oxygen concentration of air (20.8vol-%), comprising feeding essentially clean gas, where the oxygen concentration is higher than the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, into the particle measurement unit, ionizing the essentially clean gas by using an electrical discharge unit, using the ionized gas to charge at least a fraction of the particles to be measured, using the electrical discharge unit to produce ozone (03) from the essentially clean gas, and using at least a fraction of the produced ozone (03) to essentially remove particles attached to at least some parts of the measurement unit by oxidation of the attached particles is disclosed. A particle measurement apparatus which comprises means for carrying out the process and use of the process for cleaning a particle measurement apparatus are also disclosed.
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
F01N 3/027 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating
The present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning at least a part of a particle measurement apparatus (1 ) by a catalytically oxidation the particles attached to at least some parts of the measurement apparatus (1 ) at an elevated temperature.
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for monitoring particles in a channel (11) or a space comprising aerosol and to an ion trap arrangement in the apparatus. The apparatus (1) comprises an ejector (24), gas supply (6, 16, 18, 19) arranged to feed an essentially particle free ionized gas flow (C) to the ejector (24), a sample-inlet arrangement (2) arranged to provide a sample aerosol flow (A) from the channel (11) into the ejector (24) by means of suction provided by the gas supply (6, 16, 18, 19) and the ejector (24) for charging at least a fraction of the particles of the sample aerosol flow (A), and an ion trap (12) extending at least partly into ejector (24) for removing ions not attached to the particles. According to the invention the ion trap (12) is a provided as a metal trap wire.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring particles (54) in a channel (11) or a space comprising aerosol. The apparatus comprises- an inlet chamber (4), an ejector (24), gas supply (6, 16, 18) arranged to feed essentially particle free gas flow (C) to ejector (24) via the inlet chamber (4), a sample-inlet arrangement (2) arranged to provide a sample aerosol flow (A) from the channel (11) or the space into the inlet chamber (4) by means of suction provided by the gas supply (6, 16, 18) and the ejector (24) and a particle separation arrangement (80, 82, 84) arranged to separate from the sample aerosol flow (A) particles (50, 52) having mean diameter larger than D1 by means of inertia separation. The particle separation arrangement (80, 82, 84) is arranged to the sample-inlet arrangement (2) or in the inlet chamber (4) in direct fluid communication with the sample-inlet arrangement (2).
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
Process and apparatus for particle measurement, comprising modulating or switching a parameter which affects particle accumulation or deposition into the measurement equipment between at least a mode where particle accumulation or deposition occurs (ON) and another mode where particle accumulation and deposition does essentially not occur (OFF) with a modulation or switching duty cycle of less than 50%.
G01N 27/70 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
Apparatus and process for measuring particle concentration, comprising a sensing element (12) for particle concentration measurement, means (22) for switching or modulating a parameter, such as the electrical charge or the volumetric flow, which affects the output of the sensing element (12) and means (23) for determining the volumetric flow on the basis of the response of a transfer function which switching or modulation creates to the sensing element (12) output.
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/70 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
Apparatus for monitoring particles in a channel or a space comprising means for switching the apparatus flow on at a set temperature. Method for monitoring particles with an apparatus into which at least part of the particles in the channel or space flow, wherein the flow into the apparatus is switched on at a set temperature.
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
G01M 15/10 - Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
F02B 77/08 - Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
Apparatus (1) for monitoring fine particle concentration in an exhaust system (4) of a combustion engine, where the apparatus comprises a housing (2), including a part (3) extending into the exhaust system (4) of a combustion engine; means (5) for attaching and sealing the apparatus (1) to the exhaust system (4) through a single opening in a wall of the exhaust system (4); a particle measurement sensor (6) placed inside the housing (2); a gas inlet (7) in the housing for providing a measurement flow into the particle measurement sensor (6); means (8) for charging at least a fraction of the particles entering the particle measurement sensor (6); means for detecting at least a fraction of the current carried by the charged particles; a gas outlet (10) in the housing for feeding the measurement flow away from the particle measurement sensor (6); an electrical connector in the means (5) for attaching apparatus (1) to the exhaust system (4) for providing power to the sensor (6); and an electrical connector in the means (5) for attaching apparatus (1) to the exhaust system (4) for transmitting the electrical signal created by the sensor (6).
G01M 15/10 - Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
F02B 77/08 - Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
A process for measuring particle concentrations in a gas using an ejector for producing an essentially constant sample flow and for efficient mixing of the particle-containing sample and essentially clean, ionized gas. The invention also relates to an apparatus implementing such process. The process and the apparatus can be utilized for example in measuring particle concentrations in an exhaust system of a combustion engine.
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
H02N 3/00 - Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
H01J 49/00 - Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
A process for measuring particle concentrations in a gas using an ejector (11 ) for producing an essentially constant sample flow (14) and for efficient mixing of the particle-containing sample and an essentially clean, ionized gas (13). The invention also relates to an apparatus implementing such process. The process and the apparatus can be utilized for example in measuring particle concentrations in an exhaust system of a combustion engine.
G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
G01N 27/62 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
patents
